contributii asupra optimizarii procesului de frezare a...
TRANSCRIPT
UNIVERSITATEA TEHNICA DE CONSTRUCTII BUCURESTI
FACULTATEA DE UTILAJ TEHNOLOGIC
ING. MIHAIL STEFANESCU
CONTRIBUTII ASUPRA OPTIMIZARII
PROCESULUI DE FREZARE A STRATURILOR
DE UZURA ALE DRUMURILOR
REZUMATUL TEZEI DE DOCTORAT
CONDUCATOR STIINTIFIC
PROF. UNIV. DR. ING. PETRE PATRUT
BUCURESTI – 2006
ROMANIA
UNIVERSITATEA TEHNICA DE CONSTRUCTII BUCURESTI
RECTORAT
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YDDYHDORFVXV LQHUHDSXEOLFDWH]HLGHGRFWRUDWFXWLWOXO CONTRIBUTII
ASUPRA OPTIMIZARII PROCESULUI DE FREZARE A STRATURILOR DE UZURA
ALE DRUMURILOR HODERUDWGHLQJ0,+$,/ù7()1(6&8 in vederea ob inerii titlului de
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COMISIA DE DOCTORAT
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tehnologic , UTCB.
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Membri: Prof . univ.dr. ing.ùWHIDQ0LKLOHVFX)DFXOWDWHDGHXWLODM tehnologic , UTCB.
Prof .XQLYGULQJ1LFRODH,OLDú Universitatea din 3HWURúDQL
Prof . univ.dr. ing.Ionel Nicolae Universitatea ,,Ovidius”
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1
CUPRINS INTRODUCERE…………………………………………………………………..
1
CAP.1. STADIUL ACTUAL DE DEZVOLTARE A TE+12/2*,,/25 ù, 0$ù,1ILOR UTILIZATE LA REABILITAREA DRUMURILOR…………….
4
1.1. &RQVLGHUD LLDVXSUDFRQVWUXF LHLGUXPXULORU 1.1.1. Clasificarea drumurilor............................................................................ 1.1.2. Clasele tehnice ale drumurilor.................................................................
6WU]L 1.1.4. Profilul transversal al drumurilor............................................................ 1.1.5. Suprastructura drumurilor........................................................................ ÌPEUFPLQ LUXWLHUH &RQGL LLGHFDOLWDWHDVLVWHPHORUUXWLHUH«««««« &RQGL LLOHGHFDOLWDWHDVWUDWXULORUGHIXQGD LH &RQGL LLOHGHFDOLWDWHDVWUDWXULORUGHED]......................................... &RQGL LLOHGHFDOLWDWHDVWUDWXULORUvPEUFPLQ LORUELWXPLQRDVH 'HIHFWHOHvPEUFPLQ LORUVLVWHPHORUUXWLHUH««««««««««««« 'HIRUPUL........................................................ 1.3.2. Uzura....................................................................................................... 1.3.3. Fisuri........................................................................................................ 1.4. Metode moderne de reabilitare si consolidare a sistemelor rutiere…………..
4 4 5 6 7 8 14 16 16 16 17 18 19 20 20 20
1.4.1. Metode de reabilitare pe loc (MRL)………………………………… 1.4.2. Metode de reabilitare în mLúFDUH050««««««««««« 0HWRGHGHUHDELOLWDUHFXVWD LLIL[H056«««««««««« 0HWRGHPL[WHGHUHDELOLWDUHDVWUDWXULORUGHX]XU
20 31 32 35
0DúLQLXWLOL]DWHODUHDELOLWDUHDVLFRQVROLGDUHDVLVWHPHORUUXWiere……………. 36 0DúLQLSHQWUXUHDELOLWDUHDSHORFDVWUDWXULORUGHX]XU««««
0DúLQLSHQWUXUHDELOLWDUHDVWUDWXULORUFXVWD LLPRELOH0DúLQLSHQWUXUHDELOLWDUHDVWUDWXULORUGHX]XUvQVWD LLIL[H $VSHFWH FRQVWUXFWLYH SULYLQG PDúLQLOH GH IUH]DW VWUDWXULasfaltice……………………………………………………………………..
37 43 44 45
1.6. Concluzii……………………………………………………………………...
68
&$3 &216,'(5$,, $6835$ &2032=,,(, ù, 35235,(7,/25 FIZICO-MECANICE ALE MIXTURILOR ASFALTICE……………………….
70
2.1. Tipuri de mixturi asfaltice……………………………………………………. 70
2
&RPSR]L LDPL[WXULORUDVIDOWLFH«««««««««««««««««« 2.3. Caracteristicile fizico-mecanice ale mixturilor asfaltice……………………..
72 75
CAP.3. ASPECTE CINEMATICE ALE PROCESULUI DE FREZARE A Ì0%5&0,1,/25587,ERE………………………………………………..
79
3.1. Definirea cinematicii fundamentale a procesului de frezare…………………. $QDOL]DWUDLHFWRULLORUGLQ LORUWDPEXUXOui de frezare…………………………. 3.3. Vitezele in procesul de frezare……………………………………………….. 3.4. Parametrii geometrici ai tamburului de frezare………………………………
80 81 82 84
CAP.4. STUDIUL INFLUENTEI PARAMETRILOR CINEMATICI ASUPRA CA/,7,,PROCESULUI DE FREZARE A STRATURILOR RUTIERE……
86
4.1. Adâncimea de frezare………………………………………………………… 4.2. Avansul pe dinte……………………………………………………………… 4.3. ÎQO LPHDFUHVWHORU««««««««««««««««««««««« 4.4. Acoperirea între trohoide…………………………………………………….. 4.5. Concluzii……………………………………………………………………...
86 88 93 94 98
CAP.5. STUDIUL REZISTENTELOR IN PROCESUL DE FREZARE A Ì0%5&0,1,/25587,ERE……………………………………………….
99
0HFDQLVPXOGLVORFULLSULQSWUXQGHUH««««««««««««««« 3URFHVXOGLVORFULLSULQIUH]DUHDPL[WXULORUDVIDOWLFH««««««………... &RQVLGHUD LLDVXSUDUH]LVWHQWHORUODWDPEXUXOGHIUH]DUH«««««««« 5.4. Determinarea puterii în procesul de frezare a straturilor rutiere…………….. 5.5. Concluzii……………………………………………………………………...
99 102 103 111 117
CAP.6. DETERMINAREA EXPERIMENTALA A REZISTENTELOR LA FREZAREA STRATURILOR DE UZURA A DRUMURILOR…………………
120
&RQVLGHUD LL WHRUHWLFH DVXSUD GHWHUPLQULL UH]LVWHQWHORU OD IUH]DUHD PL[WXULORUasfaltice…………………………………………………………………………… 6WDQGXOSHQWUXHIHFWXDUHDPVXUWRULORU««««««««««««……… (IHFWXDUHDPVXUWRULORU««««««««««««««««««««
121 122 130
/DQ XOGHPVXUDUH««««««««««««««««««« 'HVIúXUDUHDPVXUWRULORU««««««««««««««««
130 132
5H]XOWDWHOHPVXUWRULORU«««««««««««««««««««« 6.5. Prelucrarea datelor experimentale…………………………………………… 6.6. Concluzii……………………………………………………………………...
132 135 149
CAP.7. CONCLUZII FINALE…………………………………………………...
151
&$35(9(1',&5,«……………………………………………………….
154
BIBLIOGRAFIE………………………………………………………………….. 156
3
INTRODUCERE
ÎQ DQVDPEOXO WUDQVSRUWXULORU WUDQVSRUWXO UXWLHU RFXS XQ ORF GLQ FH vQ FHPDL LPSRUWDQW Transportul rutier are o serie de avantaje, în raport cu alte sisteme de transport, o capacitate de a SWUXQGH vQ ORFXUL LQDFFHVLELOH DOWRUPLMORDFHGH WUDQVSRUW RPDUHPRELOLWDWH úL VXSOH HGH WUDVHXHIHFWXDUHD GLUHFW D WUDQVSRUWXULORU IU PDQLSXOUL úL WUDQVERUGUL UHSHWDWH SRVLELOLWDWHD GH DWUDQVSRUWDDSURDSHRULFHIHOGHPUIXULGDWRULWPDULLYDULHW LDWLSXULORUGHDXWRYHKLFXle, realizarea unor viteze comerciale superioare. Avantajele tehnico-HFRQRPLFH DOH WUDQVSRUWXOXL UXWLHU GHWHUPLQ FUHúWHUHD FRQWLQX DSDUFXOXLGHDXWRYHKLFXOHúLDUH HOHORUGHGUXPXUL
$YkQG vQ YHGHUH F SHVWH GLQ OXQJLPHD UH HOHL GH GUXPXUL QD LRQDle are durata de VHUYLFLX H[SLUDW, SULQFLSDOD SUHRFXSDUH D 07&7 R FRQVWLWXLH UHDELOLWDUHD úL PRGHUQL]DUHDDFHVWHLD9ROXPXOPDUHGHOXFUULLPSXQHXWLOL]DUHDXQRUWHKQRORJLLPRGHUQHFDUHDVLJXURFDOLWDWHULGLFDWDOXFUULORUúLUHGXFHUHDWLPSXOXLGHH[HFX LH
$FHVWGH]LGHUDWQHFHVLWFXQRDúWHUHDvQSURIXQ]LPHDWkWGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHDOSDUDPHWULORUFRQVWUXFWLYLFkWúLGLQFHODOSDUDPHWULORUWHKQRORJLFLDPDúLQLORULPSOLFDWH
3ULQXUPDUHvQGRULQ DGHDvPERJ LFXQRúWLQ HOHH[LVWHQWHDXWRUXOvúLSURSXQHXUPWRDUHOHobiective principale:
- R SUH]HQWDUH D PHWRGHORU úL D PDúLQLORU XWLOL]DWH OD OXFUULOH GH UHDELOLWDUH D VLVWHPHORUrutiere;
- VWXGLXO LQIOXHQ HL SDUDPHWULORU FLQHPDWLFL DVXSUD FDOLW LL UHJLPXOXL GH IUH]DUH úLarmonizarea lor în vedereaRSWLPL]ULLSURFHVXOXLGHOXFUX - VWXGLXOWHRUHWLFVLGHWHUPLQDUHDUH]LVWHQ HORU la frezarea mixturilor asfaltice.
În capitolul 1 VH SUH]LQW VWDGLXO DFWXDO DO WHKQRORJLLORU GH UHDELOLWDUH D VWUDWXULORU UXWLHUHSUHFXPúLPDúLQLOHDIHUHQWHFDUe contribuie la realizare lor. 6FRSXO DFHVWHL SUH]HQWUL HVWH DFHOD GH D UHOLHID XWLOL]DUHD FX SUHFGHUH D IUH]ULL OD UHFH Dstraturilor. 'HVIúXUDUHD vQ FRQGL LL RSWLPH D SURFHVXOXL GH IUH]DUH QHFHVLW FXQRDúWHUHD FRPSR]L LHL úL DSURSULHW LORr fizico –mecanice ale materialului de frezat. Astfel, în capitolul 2 s-D IFXW RSUH]HQWDUHDGDWHORUH[LVWHQWH vQOLWHUDWXUDGHVSHFLDOLWDWHVDXvQQRUPDWLYHOHvQYLJRDUH'XSFXPUH]XOWGLQFHOHSUH]HQWDWHQXVHIDFUHIHULULDVXSUDSURSULHW LORUIL]ico-mecanice ale straturilor ce XUPHD]DILIUH]DWHvQVFRSXOUHDELOLWULL În FDSLWROHOH úL VH IDFH R DQDOL] D FLQHPDWLFLL SURFHVXOXL GH IUH]DUH úL D LQIOXHQ HLSDUDPHWULORUFLQHPDWLFLDVXSUDFDOLW LLUHDELOLWULLVWUDWXULORUUXWLHUHUH]XOWkQGvQILQDOUHFRPDQGULFDUHVFRQGXF ODUHDOL]DUHDXQXLSURFHVGHIUH]DUHRSWLPDGLFRSURGXFWLYLWDWHULGLFDWFRQVXPPLQLPGHHQHUJLHúLGHPDWHULDOHFRQVXPDELOHGLQ LGHIUH]DUH Capitolul 5 VH UHIHU OD VWXGLXO UH]LVWHQ HORU OD IUH]DUH D Vtraturilor rutiere, studiu practic QHvQWkOQLW vQ OLWHUDWXUD GH VSHFLDOLWDWH 6H UHDOL]HD] R WUHFHUH vQ UHYLVW D XQRU VWXGLL HIHFWXDWH vQGRPHQLLFRODWHUDOHSUHFXPIUH]DUHDSPkQWXULORUD URFLORUFXGXULWDWH ULGLFDWDFUEXQLORUVDXDlemnului. În capitolul 6 HVWH GHVFULV GHWHUPLQDUHD H[SHULPHQWDO D UH]LVWHQ HL OD IUH]DUH D PL[WXULORUDVIDOWLFH vQ FRQGL LL GH ODERUDWRU 6-DX UHDOL]DW GHWHUPLQUL SH SUREH GH PL[WXU DVIDOWLF determinându-VH UH]LVWHQ H OD GLVORFDUH SHQWUXPDLPXOWH UHJLPXULde lucru (adâncimi de frezare, YLWH]HGHDYDQVúLYLWH]HSHULIHULFHDOHWDPEXUXOXL
&DSLWROHOHúLVHUHIHUODFRQFOX]LLILQDOHúLUHVSHFWLYODUHYHQGLFUL 5HDOL]DUHDWH]HLGHGRFWRUDWDDYXWORFVXEFRQGXFHUHDúWLLQ LIDFD prof.univ.dr.ing.Petre
3WUX FUXLD LQV-LPXO XPHVFvQPRGGHRVHELWSHQWUX SHUPDQHQWXOVSULMLQPRUDODFRUGDWúLSHQWUXsugestiile acordate pe parcursul HODERUULLWH]HL$XWRUXOPXO XPHúWHGHDVHPHQHDWXWXURUFROHJLORUúLîn special prof.univ.dr.ing.Tone IoneVFXúLFRQIGULQJ$XUHOLDQ*DLGRúSHQWUXDMXWRUXO acordat la UHDOL]DUHDDFHVWHLOXFUULSUHFXPúLFROHJLORU0DULQ3HOLQúL5DGX9LGX
4
CAPITOLUL 1
STADIUL ACTUAL DE DEZVOLTARE A TEHNOLOGIILOR ùI MAùINILOR UTILIZATE LA REABILITAREA DRUMURILOR .
În acest capitol VHSUH]LQW DVSHFWHSULYLQGVXSUDVWUXFWXUDGUXPXULORUFRQGL LLOHGHFDOLWDWHúi defectele îmbrcmin ilor sistemelor rutiere, metode moderne de reabilitare si consolidare a acestora úi maúinile utilizate în acest scop.
1.1. Considera ii asupra construc iei drumurilor
Suprastructura cuprinde ansamblul luFUULORU GH DPHQDMDUH úL FRQVROLGDUH D SODWIRUPHL
GUXPXOXLvQYHGHUHDDVLJXUULLFLUFXOD LHLYHKLFXOHORUFXPD[LPXPGHVLJXUDQ úLFRQIRUWLQGLIHUHQWGHFRQGL LLOHPHWHRURORJLFH
&RQVROLGDUHDSODWIRUPHLVHH[HFXWGH UHJXOSHR IkúLHFHQWUDOQXPLWSDUWHDFDURVDELOILJPUJLQLWGHGRXIkúLLODWHUDOHQXPLWHDFRVWDPHQWH
Fig. 1.2
3DUWHD FDURVDELO HVWH IFXW GLQ PDL PXOWH VWUDWXUL DOFWXLWH GLQ PDWHULDOH FX GLIHULWHUH]LVWHQWHFDSDELOHVVXSRUWHúLVUHSDUWL]H]HSDWXOXLVROLFLWULOHWUDILFXOXLILJ
Fig. 1.3
$QVDPEOXOGHVWUDWXULDúH]DWSHSDWXOGUXPXOXLFDUHFRQVWLWXLHVWUXFWXUDGHUH]LVWHQ DGUXmului, IRUPHD]VLVWHPXOUXWLHUDOGUXPXOXL
5
0RGXOGHH[HFX LHDSU LLFDURVDELOHGLQPDLPXOWHVWUDWXULVXSUDSXVHHVWHIRDUWHYHFKLúLFRQVWLWXLHXQXOGLQSULQFLSLLOHVLVWHPXOXLURPDQGHFRQVWUXF LHDGUXPXULORUILJ
Fig.1.4 Fig.1.5 'UXPXULOHPRGHUQHXUPUHVFFDDOFWXLUHVWUXFWXUDGUXPXULORUURPDQHILJ
'LQSXQFWGHYHGHUHDOPRGXOXLGHDOFWXLUHVLVWHPHle rutiere se pot clasifica în: a) sisteme rutiere suple (nerigide)DOFWXLWHGLQPDWHULDOHJUDQXODUHFXVDXIUOLDQ LSODVWLFL(fig.1.7).
Fig. 1.7 b) sisteme rutiere rigideDOFWXLWHGLQXQXOVDXPDLPXOWHVWUDWXULGLQEHWRQGHFLPHQWILJ1.8).
Fig. 1.8
c) sisteme rutiere mixteFDUHDXvQDOFWXLUHDORUXQXOVDXPDLPXOWHVWUDWXULvQFRPSR]L LDFURUDLQWUOLDQ LKLGUDXOLFLVDXSX]]RODQLFLDFRSHULWHFXVWUDWXULELWXPLQRDVHILJ
Fig. 1.9
6
1.2. &RQGL LLOHGHFDOLWDWHDVWUDWXULORUvPEUFPLQ LORUELWXPLQRDVH
,QGLIHUHQWGHWLSXOPL[WXULLVDXPRGXOGHH[HFX LH vPEUFPLQ LOH WUHEXLHV vQGHSOLQHDVFFkWHYDFRQGL LLREOLJDWRULLOHJDWHGHFDOLWDWHDVXSUDIH HLGHUXODUH
2SULPFHULQ HVWHuniformitatea,DWkWvQSURILOORQJLWXGLQDOFkWúLWUDQVYHUVDO6HFDOLILFGUHSWXQLIRUPRvPEUFPLQWHFDUHQXSUH]LQWGHQLYHOUL8QLIRUPLWDWHDVXSUDIH HLGHUXODUHHVWHRFRQGL LH GH FDOLWDWH QHFHVDU QX QXPDL SHQWUX FRQIRUWXO XWLOL]DWRULORU GDU úL SHQWUX UHGXFHUHDFKHOWXLHOLORUGHWUDQVSRUWúLX]XULLDXWRYHKLFXOHORUúLDVLVWHPXOXLUXWLHU
2 DOWD FHULQ D VXSUDIH HL FDURVDELOH HVWH GH D DYHD R rugozitate DGHFYDW FHULQ FDUHvizeD] vQ SULPXO UkQG VLJXUDQ D FLUFXOD LHL $FHVW GH]LGHUDW HVWH DVLJXUDW SULQ UHDOL]DUHD XQRUEHWRDQHUXJRDVHH[HFXWDUHDXQRUWUDWDPHQWHELWXPLQRDVHHIHFWXDUHDRSHUD LLORUGHFOXWDMUHDOL]DUHDunor striuri cu utilaje specializate.
Materialele utilizate OD H[HFX LD VWUDWXULORU GH ED]D úL GH IXQGD LH ILLQGPDLPXOW VDXPDLSX LQ VHQVLELOH OD DF LXQHD DSHL HVWH HVHQ LDO FD VXSUDID D vPEUFPLQ LORU V DVLJXUHimpermeabilitatea ID GH DSDSURYHQLWGLQSORDLH VDXGLQ WRSLUHD]SH]LL $OW DVSHFWDO FDOLW ii VXSUDIH HL GH UXODUH D GUXPXOXL HVWH durabilitatea. 3UHRFXSULOH SHQWUX PULUHD GXUDELOLW LLvPEUFPLQ LORU ELWXPLQRDVH VXQW RULHQWDWH vQ VSHFLDO DVXSUD vPEXQW LULL FDOLW LL ELWXPXULORUXWLOL]DWH FDUH vQ WLPS vúLPRGLILF SURSULHW LOH IL]LFH VXE DF LXQHD YDULD LLORU GH WHPSHUDWXU úL DUD]HORU VRODUH 3ULQWUH PHWRGHOH GH vPEXQW LUH D FDOLW LL ELWXPXULORU vQ YHGHUHD SUHYHQLULLvPEWUkQLULLVHQXPUDPHVWHFDUHDELWXPXULORUFXILOHUHVDXDPHVWHFDUHDFXODWH[GHFDXFLXF
1.3. 'HIHFWHDOHvPEUFPLQ LORUELWXPLQRDVH ÎPEUFPLQWHD UXWLHU HVWH VWUDWXO VLVWHPXOXL UXWLHU FDUH FRQVWLWXLH LQWHUID D DFHVWXLD FXWUDILFXOúLPHGLXOvQFRQMXUWRU
6XE DF LXQHD vQFUFULORU GLQ WUDILF úL DF LXQLORU PHGLXOXL HIHFWH WHUPLFH FLFOXUL vQJKH –GH]JKH SORL ]SH]L HWF SUHFXP úL GLQ XQHOH LPSHUIHF LXQL GH H[HFX LH vPEUFPLQWHD UXWLHUVXIHU GHJUDGUL FDUH SURGXF VFGHUHD FRQIRUWXOXL úL VLJXUDQ HL FLUFXOD LHL În figura 1.11 sunt prezentate sintetiFWLSXULOHSULQFLSDOHGHGHIHFWHúLFDX]HOHDSDUL LHLORU[32].
7
1.4. Metode moderne de reabilitare si consolidare a sistemelor rutiere
6WUDWXULOH VXSHULRDUH DOH VXSUDVWUXFWXULL VXQW VXSXVH DWkW DF LXQLORU YHUWLFDOH úL RUL]RQWDOHrezultate dinWUDILFFkWúLDF LXQLORUFOLPDWLFHÎQXUPDDFHVWRUDF LXQLvQWLPSVHSURGXFGHIHFWHDOHVXSUDIH HL GH UXODUH IJDúH FUSWXULJXULX]XUGHIRUPUL FDUHGXF ODGLVFRQIRUW úL OD VOELUHDVLJXUDQ HLFLUFXOD LHL7RDWHDFHVWHGHIHFWHWUHEXLHVFvQOWXUDWHSULQPVXULGHUHDELOLWDUH
−WUDWDPHQWODVXSUDID − acoperirea cu un strat nou; −IUH]DUHDVWUDWXOXLGHIHFWúLvQORFXLUHDFXXQXOQRX − refacerea prin reciclare a vechiului strat. 0HWRGHOHGHOXFUXXWLOL]DWHSUHFXPúLPDúLQLOHDIODWHvQSURFHVXl tehnologic depind de mai
PXO LIDFWRUL[77]: −ORFXOXQGHVHSURGXFHDPHVWHFDUHDFRPSRQHQWHORUPL[WXULLDVIDOWLFHVWD LLIL[HSHORFvQPLúFDUH −WHPSHUDWXUDODFDUHVHH[HFXWOXFUULOHODFDOGVDXODUHFH −QHFHVLWDWHDUHJHQHUULLPDWHULDOXOXLGLQVWUDWFXVDXIUDGDRVGHPDWHULDO
Toate metodele de reabilitare prezentate XWLOL]HD] vQGHSUWDUHD SULQ IUH]DUH D VWUDWXULORUuzate. 'LQWUHDFHVWHDFHDPDLGHVXWLOL]DWHVWHPHWRGDGHOXFUXFXVWD LLIL[H056 (fig. 1.31). 0HWRGD XWLOL]HD] IUH]DUHD OD UHFH D VWUDWXULORU YHFKL HYDFXDUHDPDWHULDOXOXL IUH]DW FWUH RVWD LHIL[GHSUHSDUDUHDPL[WXULORUDVIDOWLFHúLUHDOL]DUHDXQXLQRXVWUDWFXPL[WXUQRX )UH]DUHDODUHFHFRQVWvQGLVORFDUHDPL[WXULLasfaltice din stratul uzat cu ajutorul unui tambur FXGLQ LPRQWDWSHXQDJUHJDWDXWRSURSXOVDW0DúLQDGHIUH]DWVHGHSODVHD]SHVWHVWUDWXOFHWUHEXLHIUH]DWFXWDPEXUXOFRERUkWODDGkQFLPHDQHFHVDU0DWHULDOXOIUH]DWHVWHvQFUFDW cu ajutorul unui trDQVSRUWRUFXEDQGvQDXWREDVFXODQWúLWUDQVSRUWDWFWUHVWD LLOHIL[HGHSUHSDUDUHa mixturilor asfaltice.
Fig. 1.31
1.5. 0DúLQLXWLOL]DWHODUHDELOLWDUHDúLFRQVROLGDUHD sistemelor rutiere
7HKQRORJLLOHPRGHUQHSHQWUXUHDELOLWDUHDúLFRQVROLGDUHDVLVWHPHORUUXWLHUHLPSOLFSHOkQJPHWRGH GH OXFUX úL PDúLQL FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH 5HOD LD PHWRG - PDúLQ ILLQG ELXQLYRF HYROX LDPHWRGHORU GH OXFUX GXFH OD FRQFHSHUHD XQRU PDúLQL SHUIRUPDQWH úL UHFLSURF DFHVWHD GXF ODSHUIHF LRQDUHD SURFHVHORU GH OXFUX 'LYHUVLWDWHD PHWRGHORU GH OXFUX IDFH GLILFLO R FODVLILFDUHexhaustLYDPDúLQLORUXWLOL]DWHH[LVWkQGPDúLQLVSHFLILFHXQXLDQXPLWGRPHQLXGDUúLPDúLQLFDUHDFRSHUGRXVDXPDLPXOWHGRPHQLL ÎQJHQHUDOPDúLQLOHSHQWUXOXFUULGHGUXPXULSRWILJUXSDWHSHWUHLGRPHQLLGHDFWLYLWDWH
-PDúLQLSHQWUXFRQVWUXF LDVLVWHPHORUUXWLHUH -PDúLQLSHQWUXvQWUH LQHUHDVLVWHPHORUUXWLHUH -PDúLQLSHQWUXUHDELOLWDUHDúLFRQVROLGDUHDVLVWHPHORUUXWLHUH
8
ÎQOXFUDUHDGHID VXQWDERUGDWHPDúLQLOHVSHFLILFHOXFUULORUGHUHDELOLWDUHúLFRQVROLGDUHa sistemelor rutiere. 'LQWUHPDúLQLOHSUH]HQWDWHFHOHPDLUVSkQGLWHVXQWPDúLQLOHGHIUH]DW Din punct de vedere al modului de lucru de frezare în raport cu deplasarHDH[LVWGRXWLSXULFRQVWUXFWLYHGHPDúLQLGHIUH]DW
- FXIUH]DUHDVFHQGHQW (fig. 1.44); - FXIUH]DUHGHVFHQGHQW (fig. 1.45). ÎQ SULPXO FD] PDWHULDOXO GLVORFDW HVWH GHVFUFDW IURQWDO vQWU-R DXWREDVFXODQW FDUH VHGHSODVHD]vQDLQWHDPDúLQLLGH frezat.
/D IUH]DUHD GHVFHQGHQW PDWHULDOXO GLVORFDW HVWH vQFUFDW SH OD SDUWHD SRVWHULRDU GkQGposibilitatea de a fi transferat unui reciclator aflat în fluxul tehnologic.
Fig.1.44 Fig.1.45 1.5.4. $VSHFWHFRQVWUXFWLYHSULYLQGPDúLQLOHGHIUH]DWVWUDWXULDVIDOWLFH 1HFHVLWDWHDFUHúWHULLSURGXFWLYLW LLDFRQGXVODUHDOL]DUHDXQRUPDúLQLGHIUH]DWFXO LPLGHIUH]DUHcât mai mari, fapt care presupune puteri instalate mai ridicate. Din analiza a peste 80 de variante constructive au rezultat:
Fig.1.47 În continuare s-au fcut referiri la sistemul de deplasare al maúinilor de frezat, asupra tamburului de frezare úi sistemului su de ac ionare , la automatizarea procesului de frezare. $F LRQDUHDVLVWHPXOXLGHGHSODVDUHHVWHKLGURVWDWLFLQGLIHUHQWGDFPDúina de SHUR LVDXúHQLOH
Fig.1.53
9
Tamburul de frezare FRQVWLWXLH RUJDQXO GH OXFUX DO PDúLQLORU GH IUH]DW úL DO
reciclatoarelor. (VWHDOFWXLWGLQWU-XQFRUSPHWDOLFFLOLQGULFSHFDUHVHDIOGLQ LLGHIUH]DWGLVSXúLelicoidal (fig. 1.58, a úi b).
a Fig.1.58 b
'LDPHWUHOH WDPEXUHORUGHIUH]DUHPVXUDWH ODYkUIXOGLQ LORUYDULD] vQWUH·PPLDUQXPUXOGHGLQ LvQWUH·EXF L
7XUD LDXWLOL]DWHVWHFXSULQVvQWUH·URWPLQUH]XOWkQGRYLWH]WDQJHQ LDOODYkUIXOGLQ LORUGH·PVvQIXQF LHGHQDWXUDPDWHULDOXOXLGHIUH]DWJURVLPHDVWUDWXOXLúLDJUDGXOXLGHPUXQ LUHQHFHVDU
'LVWDQ DGLQWUHGLQ LPVXUDWSHJHQHUDWRDUHDFLOLQGUXOXLVXSRUWHVWHFXSULQVvQWUH«PPPDMRULWDWHDPRGHOHORUDYkQGSDVXOGHPPILJúLUHVSHFWLYPPILJ
Fig. 1.59 Fig. 1.60
0ULPHDSDVXOXLGHWHUPLQRE LQHUHDXQXLUXJR]LW LGLIHULWHDVXSUDIH HLIUH]DWHILJ úLILJ
Fig. 1.61 Fig. 1.62
ÎQ FD]XO IUH]DULL OD UHFH VH XWLOL]HD] GLQ L FLOLQGULFL În principal, un dinte de frezat se
compune dintr-XQFRUSUHDOL]DWGLQR HOUH]LVWHQWODX]XUúLXQYkUIUHDOL]DWGLQFDUEXU de wolfram
WXQJVWHQVLQWHUL]DWILJ9kUIXODUHRGXULWDWHúLUH]LVWHQ ODX]XUULGLFDWH
10
Fig.1.66
/D PDúLQLOH GH IUH]DW H[LVWHQWH VH vQWkOQHVF GRX WLSXUL GH DF LRQUL DOH WDPEXUXOXL GHfrezare: -DF LRQDUHPHFDQLF -DF LRQDUHKLGUDXOLF $F LRQDUHDPHFDQLFILJVHUHDOL]HD]GHODPRWRUXOWHUPLFSULQLQWHUPHGLXOXQHLWUDQVPLVLLSULQFXUHOHVDXODQ úLDXQXLUHGXFWRUSODQHWDUPRQWDWvQLQWHULRUXOWDPEXUXOXLGHIUH]DUH $F LRQDUHDKLGUDXOLFDWDPEXUXOXLILJVHvQWkOQHúWHODIUH]HOHPLFL
Fig. 1.71 Fig. 1.72
1.6. Concluzii
7HKQRORJLLOHPRGHUQH SHQWUX UHDELOLWDUHD VLVWHPHORU UXWLHUH XWLOL]HD] R JDP ODUJ GHPHWRGHGHOXFUXSUHFXPúLPDúLQLOHDIHUHQWHQHFHVDUHUHDOL]ULLORU
În ultimii ani din rândul acestora s-a impus frezarea lDUHFHDVWUDWXULORUPDúLQLOHGHIUH]DWSUH]HQWkQGDQGHDQSHUIHF LRQULDWkWGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHVWUXFWXUDOFkWúLGLQSXQFWXOGHYHGHUHDOVLVWHPHORUGHDF LRQDUH
&UHúWHUHD UH]LVWHQ HL OD X]XU D GLQ LORU GH IUH]DUH úL SHUIHF LRQDUHD VLVWHPHORU GH reglare
DXWRPDW D SDUDPHWULORU GH OXFUX FRQVWLWXLH XQ RELHFWLY FHQWUDO vQ FRQFHSHUHD úL IDEULFDUHD QRLORUPDúLQL $FHVWHGH]LGHUDWHSRWILUHDOL]DWHSULQFXQRDúWHUHDvQSURIXQ]LPHDSURFHVXOXLGHIUH]DUHDstraturilor rutiere, a factorilor care îl infOXHQ HD]
11
$QDOL]D SDUDPHWULORU FRQVWUXFWLYL úL WHKQRORJLFL DL PDúLQLORU GH IUH]DW UHDOL]DWH GH PDLPXOWH ILUPHGLQ VWULQWDWH VH vQVFULX vQ OLPLWH DSURSLDWH GDUQXSHUPLW FRQFOX]LL FRQFUHWH DVXSUDRSWLPL]ULLSURFHVXOXLGHOXFUX
Aspectele teoretice ale IUH]ULL VWUDWXULORU GUXPXULORU VXQW SX LQ WUDWDWH vQ OLWHUDWXUD GHVSHFLDOLWDWH H[LVWkQG UHIHULUL GRDU OD IUH]HOH SHQWUX VWDELOL]DUHD SPkQWXULORU $FHVW OXFUX HVWHLQVXILFLHQW GHRDUHFH SURSULHW LOH IL]LFR-PHFDQLFH DOH PDWHULDOXOXL IUH]DW VFRSXO IUH]ULL FkW úLRUJDQXOGHOXFUXVXQWGLIHULWHvQFD]XOvPEUFPLQ LORUDVIDOWLFH
$YkQG vQ YHGHUH FHOH PHQ LRQDWH PDL VXV VH LPSXQH XQ VWXGLX WHRUHWLF DO IUH]ULLvPEUFPLQ LORUGUXPXULORUvQFDUHVILHDERUGDWHDVSHFWHOHFLQHPDWLFHúLGLQDPLFHVSHFLILFH CAPITOLUL 2
CONSIDERAII ASUPRA COMPOZIIEI ùI PROPRIETILOR FIZICO-
MECANICE ALE MIXTURILOR ASFALTICE
FrezareD VWUDWXULORU GH X]XU D GUXPXULORU - vPEUFPLQ L ELWXPLQRDVH VDX EHWRDQH GH
ciment -HVWHXQSURFHVFRPSOH[GHWHUPLQDWGHRVHULHGHIDFWRULDFURULQWHUDF LXQHHVWHGLILFLOGHGHILQLW'LQWUHDFHúWLDGHSULPLPSRUWDQ VXQW
-SURSULHW LOH IL]LFo-PHFDQLFHDOHPDWHULDOXOXLGHGLVORFDWPL[WXUDVIDOWLFVDXEHWRQGHciment);
- parametrii geometrici constructivi ai organului de lucru;
-UHJLPXOGHOXFUXDOPDúLQLLGHIUH]DW -PRGXOvQFDUHVHH[HFXWIUH]DUHDIUH]DUHDVFHQGHQWVDXIUH]DUHGHVFHQGHQW 6WXGLXO GH ID XUPUHúWH DQDOL]D IDFWRULORU FDUH LQIOXHQ HD] SURFHVXO GH IUH]DUH DVWIHO
vQFkWVVHRE LQRFDOLWDWHFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHDVXSUDIH HLIUH]DWHúLRSURGXFWLYLWDWHFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHFHULQ HORUWHKQRORJLFe, cu un consum energetic mini
Caracteristicile fizico-PHFDQLFH DOH PL[WXULORU DVIDOWLFH VH GHWHUPLQ SH FRUSXUL GH SUREFRQIHF LRQDWHGLQPL[WXUL DVIDOWLFHSUHSDUDWH vQ ODERUDWRUSHQWUXVWDELOLUHDGR]DMHORURSWLPHúLGLQSUREH SUHOHYDWH SH SDUFXUVXO H[HFXWULL OXFUULORU GH OD VWD LD GH SUHSDUDUH VDX GH OD DúWHUQHUHSUHFXPúLGLQVWUDWXOJDWDH[HFXWDWSHQWUXYHULILFDUHDFDOLW LLPL[WXULLDVIDOWLFH
3ULQFLSDOHOH FDUDFWHULVWLFL DOH PL[WXULORU DVIDOWLFH VXQW GHQVLWDWHD DSDUHQW XQJKLXO GHIUHFDUH LQWHULRDU FRH]LXQHD UH]LVWHQ D OD FRPSUHVLXQH DEVRUE LD GH DS XPIODUHD VXE DF LXQHDDSHLUH]LVWHQ DODSWUXQGHUHDSRDQVRQXOXL- stabilitatea; indicele de curgere; fluajul; modulul de
HODVWLFLWDWHUH]LVWHQWDODRERVHDOJUDGXOGHFRPSDFWDUH
12
Caracteristicile fizico-mecanice ale mL[WXULORUDVIDOWLFHGHWHUPLQDWHSULQvQFHUFULWUHEXLHV vQGHSOLQHDVF FRQGL LLOH GLQ WDEHOXO 65- úL GLQ WDEHOXO $FHVWH FRQGL LLWHKQLFH VHUYHVF GUHSW FULWHULL SUDFWLFH SHQWUX DSUHFLHUHD FDOLW LL PL[WXULORU DVIDOWLFH úL SHQWUXstaELOLUHDFRPSR]L LHLRSWLPHvQVSHFLDODGR]DMXOXLGHOLDQW>@ Tabelul 2.9
6WXGLXOFRPSRUWULLPL[WXULORUDVIDOWLFHODIUH]DUHQHFHVLWFXQRDúWHUHDFRPSRUWULLvQWLPSXOprocesului efectiv de dislocare.
7UHEXLH UHFXQRVFXW IDSWXO F PL[WXULOH DVIDOWLFH VXSXVH IUH]ULL UHSUH]LQW XQ PHGLX FDUHFRQ LQHJROXUL úLPLFURILVXUL GHFL HVWHXQPHGLXGLVFRQWLQXX&DXUmare, deformarea sa nu se va
produce în mod continuu, elaborarea unui model fizico-matematic fiind dificil de realizat.
3HGHDOWSDUWHFDUDFWHULVWLFLOHIL]LFR-PHFDQLFHH[LVWHQWHVHUHIHUODPL[WXULQRLFHXUPHD]DILSXVHvQRSHUQHH[LVWkQGUHIHULQ HDVXSUDPL[WXULORUvPEWUkQLWHFDUHXUPHD]VILHGLVORFDWHprin frezare.
'H DVHPHQHD GDWRULW IDSWXOXL FPL[WXULOH DVIDOWLFH FRQ LQ GLIHULWH VRUWXUL GH DJUHJDWH QXSRWILFRQVLGHUDWHPDWHULDOHRPRJHQHúLL]RWURSH
În concluzie se impune un nou mod de abordare a studiului procesului de frezare a
mixturilor asfaltice.
CAPITOLUL 3
ASPECTE CINEMATICE ALE PROCESULUI DE FREZARE A
Ì0%5$&0,1,/25587,ERE Ì0%5$&0,1,/25587,ERE
Frezarea la rece D vPEUFPLQ LORU VLVWHPHORU UXWLHUH HVWH PHWRGD FDUH V-a impus în cadrul
tehnologiilor de reabilitare a drumurilor.
Caracteristici fizico - mecanice Beton asfaltic
Mortar asfaltic
Binder Asfalt turnat
*UHXWDWHDVSHFLILFDSDUHQWGD1GP3, min. 2,2-2,3 2,0-2,1 2,1 2,3-2,4 5H]LVWHQ DODFRPSUHVLXQHOD2°C, daN/cm2, min. 30 25 25 40 5HGXFHUHDUH]LVWHQ HLSULQSVWUDUHvQDSPD[ 0 20 - 10 $EVRUE LHGHDSvQYROXPPD[ 5 7 8 - 8PIODUHDGXSGH]LOHGHSVWUDUHvQDSPD[ 1 2 - 1 3WUXQGHUHDSRDQVRQXOXLVXENJPPPD[ 10 - - 10 Stabilitatea Marshall, daN 550 350 500 650 Fluajul Marshall, mm, max. 4 4 4 4
13
3URFHVXOGH IUH]DUHFRQVW vQ vQGHSUWDUHD VWUDWXOXLGHWHULRUDW úLRE LQHUHDXQHL VXSUDIH Hpeste care se va depune un nou strat cu proprieW L FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH WUDILFXOXL FH GHILQHúWH FODVDWHKQLFDGUXPXOXL
*HQHUDUHDVXSUDIH HLVH UHDOL]HD]GHFWUH WDPEXUXOGHIUH]DUHSULQVXSUDSXQHUHDPLúFULLGHURWD LHDDFHVWXLDFRQFRPLWHQWFXGHSODVDUHDFHQWUXOXLVDXGHURWD LH
În figura 3.1, a HVWH UHSUH]HQWDW IUH]DUHD DVFHQGHQW LDU vQ ILJXUD b, frezarea
GHVFHQGHQW$PEHOHFD]XULUHSUH]LQWWLSXOGHIUH]DUHSHULIHULFFLOLQGULF
a b
Fig. 3.1
3R]L LD WDPEXUXOXLGHIUH]DUHUDSRUWDW ODVXSUDID DúLGLUHF LDGHGHSODVDUHWUDQVOD LHFRQGXFHODXUPWRDUHOHVLWXD LL
- D[D GH URWD LH D WDPEXUXOXL HVWH SDUDOHO FX RUL]RQWDOD úL SHUSHQGLFXODU SH GLUHF LD GHdeplasare;
- D[D GH URWD LH D WDPEXUXOXL HVWH SDUDOHO FX RUL]RQWDOD úL vQFOLQDWD ID GH GLUHF LD GHdeplasare;
-D[DGHURWD LHDWDPEXUXOXLHVWHYHUWLFDO -D[DGHURWD LHDWDPEXUXOXLHVWHvQFOLQDWID GHRUL]RQWDOVLSHUSHQGLFXODUSHGLUHF LDGH
deplasare.
ÎQFD]XOPDúLQLORUGHIUH]DWvPEUFPLQ LUXWLHUHVHvQWkOQHúWHQXPDLSULPDVLWXD LHFHOHODOWHFD]XULILLQGvQWkOQLWHODIUH]DUHDSPkQWXOXLIUH]HDJULFROHúLIUH]HSHQWUXH[HFXWDUHDFDQDOHORU
$QDOL]DWUDLHFWRULLORUGLQ LORUWDPEXUXOXLGHIUH]DUH
&RPSXQHUHDFHORUGRXPLúFULGHURWD LHúLGHWUDQVOD LHDYDQVGHWHUPLQWUDLHFWRULLOHvârfuriORUGLQ LORUILJFDUHVXQWGHIRUPDXQRUFXUEHFLFORLGDOHDOXQJLWHWURKRLGH
(FXD LLOHSDUDPHWULFHDOHWURKRLGHLVXQW
14
tvtD
x a±= ωsin2
(3.1)
tD
y ωcos2
=
unde 'HVWHGLDPHWUXOODYkUIXOGLQ LORU ω -YLWH]DXQJKLXODUDWDPEXUXOXL t - timpul considerat.
6HPQXOSOXVFRUHVSXQGHIUH]ULLDVFHQGHQWHLDUVHPQXOPLQXVIUH]ULLGHVFHQGHQWH
Fig . 3.3
3.3. Vitezele în procesul de frezare
Procesul de frezare se realizeD]SULQFRPSXQHUHDPLúFULLGH URWD LHD WDPEXUXOXLGHIUH]DUH DYkQG YLWH]DSHULIHULFvp úL DPLúFULL GH DYDQV FXYLWH]Dva9LWH]D DEVROXW D YkUIXULORUGLQ LORUYLWH]DGHGLVORFDUHHVWHUH]XOWDQWDFHORUGRXYLWH]HILJ-IUH]DUHDDVFHQGHQWúL fig.
3.5 -IUH]DUHDGHVFHQGHQW
Fig.3.4 Fig.3.5
b
15
'LIHUHQ LLQGHFXD LLOHSDUDPHWULFHvQUDSRUWFXWLPSXOVHRE LQYLWH]HOHSHFHOHGRXGLUHF LLxúLy:
cos2x a
dx Dv t v
dtω ω= = ± (3.2)
tsin
2
D
dt
dyv y ωω==
În conseFLQ YLWH]DGHGLVORFDUHYDIL:
2aa
222y
2xd v4tcosDv4D
2
1vvv +=+= ωωω # (3.3)
3.4 . Parametrii geometrici ai tamburului de frezare
/DPRQWDUHDGLQ LORUSHWDPEXUXOGHIUH]DUHWUHEXLHVVHDVLJXUHXQXQJKLGHDúH]DUHα,
GHQXPLWúLXQJKLGHGLVORFDUHSRVWHULRUIRUPDWvQWUHSODQXOSRVWHULRUDOGLQWHOXLúLWDQJHQWDODWURKRLGILJ
Fig.3.6
ÎQ SULQFLSLX SHQWUX PLFúRUDUHD IRU HORU GH SWUXQGHUH D GLQ LORU vQ PDWHULDO XQJKLXO GHGLVORFDUHWUHEXLHVILHFkWPDLUHGXV
'LQILJXUDUH]XOWFXQJKLXOGHGLVORFDUHUHSUH]LQWVXPDGLQWUHXQJKLXOGHDVFX LUHβúLXQJKLXOGHDúH]DUHα..
9DORDUHD PLQLP D XQJKLXOXL GH DVFX LUH VH DOHJH GLQ FRQVLGHUHQWH GH UH]LVWHQ DPDWHULDOXOXL GLQ FDUH HVWH H[HFXWDW YkUIXO GLQWHOXL8QJKLXO GH DúH]DUH WUHEXLH DOHV DVWIHO vQFkW V
16
H[LVWHRIUHFDUHFkWPDLPLFvQWUHGLQWHúLPDWHULDOXOIUH]DWÎQFD]XOIUH]ULLXQJKLXOXLGHDúH]DUHeste variabil.
'LQILJXUDUH]XOW α = ε - η
unde α HVWHXQJKLXOGHDúH]DUH ε - XQJKLXOGHDúH]DUHDSDUHQW η - XQJKLXOGLUHF LHLFLQHPDWLFHGHGLVORFDUH
sin sin
cos cosp
p a
varctg arctg
v v
ϕ ϕη ϕ ϕ
ϕ ϕ λ= − = −
+ + (3.6)
unde ϕ este unghiul de rotire a tamburului;
va - viteza de avans;
vp-YLWH]DSHULIHULF DLQ DQDOL]D H[SUHVLHL UH]XOW F XQJKLXO GH GLVORFDUH FUHúWH RGDW FX FUHúWHUHD
LQGLFHOXLFLQHPDWLFUH]XOWkQGRVFGHUHDXQJKLXOXLGHDúH]DUHúLvQDFHVWIHOPLFúRUkQGX-seIRU HOHGHIUHFDUH&UHúWHUHDLQGLFHOXLFLQHPDWLFVHUHDOL]HD]FUHúWHUHDYLWH]HLSHULIHULFHvQUDSRUWFXYLWH]DGHDYDQVXWLOL]DWSHQWUXRE LQHUHDXQHLDQXPLWHSURGXFWLYLW L
CAPITOLUL 4
678',8/,1)/8(1(,3ARAMETRILOR CINEMATICI ASUPRA PROCESULUI DE
FREZARE A STRATURILOR RUTIERE
5HJLPXO GH IUH]DUH D vPEUFPLQ LORU VLVWHPHORU UXWLHUH UHSUH]LQW XQ DQVDPEOXGH FRQGL LLFDUHGHWHUPLQFDGUXOQHFHVDUGHVIúXUULLSURFHVXOXLGHIUH]DUH'LQDFHVWDQVDPEOXRLPSRUWDQ GHRVHELWSUH]LQWSDUDPHWULLGHIUH]DUH
- adâncimea de frezare;
- avansul pe dinte;
-YLWH]DGHDYDQVGHGHSODVDUHDPDúLQLLGHIUH]DW -YLWH]DSHULIHULFWDQJHQ LDODWDPEXUXOXLGHIUH]DUH - indicele cinematic.
4.1. Adâncimea de frezare
$GkQFLPHDGHIUH]DUHVHVWDELOHúWHFRQIRUPFHULQ HORUWHKQRORJLFHGHOXFUX $GkQFLPLOHGHIUH]DUHVHGHWHUPLQvQFD]XOIUH]ULLDVFHQGHQWH, (fig.4.1) cu expresia:
17
)cos1(
2
Dh ϕ−= (4.1)
Fig.4.1 Fig.4.2 În cazul IUH]ULLGHVFHQGHQWH (fig. 4.2), pentru realizarea procesului de frezaUHWUHEXLHvQGHSOLQLWFRQGL LD ap vcosv ≥ϕ (4.2)
$GkQFLPHDGHIUH]DUHHVWHGDWILJGHH[SUHVLD
'LQH[SUHVLDUH]XOW: p
a
v
vcos ≥ϕ
(4.3)
Introducând expresia (4.3) în expresia (4.1) si tLQDQGVHDPDGHLQGLFHOHFLQHPDWLFVHRE LQHYDORDUHDadâncimii de frezare UH]XOW : )
11(
2
Dh
λ−= (4.4’)
([SUHVLD¶DUDWFSHQWUXXQGLDPHWUXFRQVWDQW'DGkQFLPHDGHIUH]DUHFDUHVHSRDWHUHDOL]DFUHúWHRGDWFXFUHúWHUHDLQGLFHOXLFLQHPDWLF.
4.2. Avansul pe dinte
7DPEXUXOGHIUH]DUHSUH]LQWSHVXSUDID DVDGLQ LGHIUH]DUHGLVSXúLHOLFRLGDO Într-RVHF LXQHSHUSHQGLFXODUSHJHQHUDWRDUHDWDPEXUXOXLOLQLHGHGLVORFDUHVHJVHVFXQXO
VDXGRLGLQ L vQ IXQF LHGH WLSXOFRQVWUXFWLYDO WDPEXUXOXLGH IUH]DWúL vQFRQFRUGDQ FXFHULQ HOHtehnologice (VXSUDID D IUH]DW FX R UXJR]LWDWH PDL PDUH VDX PDL PLF )LHFDUH GLQWH GHVFULH RWURKRLGGHHFXD LHVLPLODUGHSODVDWSHRUL]RQWDOID GHFHDDQWHULRDUFXRPULPHGHQXPLWD avans pe dinte, s0ULPHDDYDQVXOXLSHGLQWHHVWHGDWGHH[SUHVLD
1
a
nz
vs = (4.5)
unde va este viteza de avans;
1z -QXPUXOGHGLQ LGLQWU-o linie de dislocare;
n -WXUD LDWDPEXUXOXLGHIUH]DUH VLWH]DSHULIHULFDWDPEXUXOXLDUHH[SUHVLD Dnv p π=
(4.6)
18
unde D este diametrul tamburului
n -WXUD LDWDPEXUXOXL 'LQUHOD LLOHúLUH]XOW
λπ
1z
Ds = (4.7)
$QDOL]D H[SUHVLHL DUDW F DYDQVXO SH GLQWH FUHúWH FX GLDPHWUXO WDPEXUXOXL VFDGH FXFUHúWHUHDLQGLFHOXLFLQHPDWLFúLDQXPUXOXLGHGLQ LGLQWU-o linie de dislocare.
Grosimea de materialGLVORFDWGHGLQWHDGLFsegmentul abILJHVWHYDULDELOúLGHSLQGHGHSR]L LD LQVWDQWDQHHDGLQWHOXLSR]L LHGHWHUPLQDWGH XQJKLXOGLUHF LHLGHDYDQVϕ, atingând
YDORDUHDPD[LPSHQWUXXQJKLXOGHFRQWDFWϕ0.
Unghiul de contact ϕ0 HVWH IRUPDWGH UD]HOHFDUHGHWHUPLQ LQWUDUHD úL LHúLUHDGLQPDWHULDO DGLQ LORUúLVHGHWHUPLQFXH[SUHVLD )
D
h21arccos(
R
hRarccos0 −=
−=ϕ (4.8)
Fig. 4.3
Grosimea maxima a materialului dislocat MN (fig. 4.3) este:
0max sinsg ϕ∗= (4.9)
Deoarece: D
hDh2sin
2
0
−=ϕ (4.10)
úL LQkQGVHDPDGHUHOD LDH[SUHVLDGHYLQH
λπ
1
2
max z
hDh2g
−= (4.11)
Pornind de la expresia (4.11) s-DUHSUH]HQWDWGHSHQGHQ DJURVLPLLGHPDWHULDOGLVORFDWvQUDSRUWFXQXPUXOGHGLQ LGLQOLQLDGHWLHUH(fig. 4.4), cu diametrul tamburului ILJúLFXDGâncimea
de frezare (fig. 4.6).
19
Fig.4.4 Fig. 4.5.
Fig. 4.6.
În figura 4.7 estHUHSUH]HQWDWGHSHQGHQ DGLQWUHdiametrul WDPEXUXOXLGHIUH]DUHúLJrosimea
materialului dislocat;SHQWUXDFHHDúLDGkncime de frezare,FUHúWHUHDGLDPHWUXOXLGHIUH]DUHGXFHODVFGHUHDJURVLPLLPDWHULDOXOXLGLVORFDWGHGLQWH
Fig.4.7
4.4. Acoperirea între trohoide
'LQUHOD LDUHLHVHFSHQWUXXQWDPEXUGHIUH]DUHFDUHDUHRYLWH]SHULIHULFúLRYLWH]GHDYDQVFRQVWDQWDYDQVXOSHGLQWHHVWHFRQVWDQW9DULD LDXQHLDGLQWUHYLWH]HDWUDJHGXSVLQHPULUHDVDXPLFúRUDUHDDYDQVXOXLSHGLQWHSUHFXPúLDJURVLPLLPDWHULDOXOXLGLVORFDW
În figXUD VXQW SUH]HQWDWH VLWXD LL GH IUH]DUH GHVFHQGHQW, având viteze de avans
diferite.
LQkQGVHDPDGHQRWD LLOHGLQILJXUDUH]XOWD )xx(2x 21 −=∆ (4.12)
20
unde:
1a11 tvtcos2
Dx += ω (4.13)
este abscisa punctului de intrare în material, iar
2a22 tvtcos
2
Dx += ω (4.14)
HVWHDEVFLVDSXQFWXOXLGHDGkQFLPHPD[LP
Dupa inlocuiri avansul pe dinte devine:
ωπ
λπ a
11
v
z
2
z
Ds ∗==
(4.17)
Fig.4.10
Acoperirea dintUHGRXWUDLHFWRULLVXFFHVLYHDUHH[SUHVLD sx −= ∆τ
)D
h21arcsin(cosD
z2
)2z()
D
h21arcsin(
v2
1
1a −+
+−−=
πω
τ (4.18)
Notând:
+−
−=
1
1
z2
)2z(
D
h21arcsin
2A
πω
(4.19)
)
D
h21arcsin(cosDB −=
úLvQORFXLQGvQVHRE LQH BAva +=τ (4.20)
5HJLPXO FULWLF GH IUH]DUH VHRE LQHDWXQFL FkQGGLVWDQ DGHDFRSHULUH vQWUH WURKRLGHHVWHQXO În acest caz viteza de avans este:
A
Bva −= (4.21)
Luând în considerare indicele cinematic λSHQWUXUHJLPXOFULWLFGHIUH]DUHVHRE LQH )2z()
D
h21arcsin(
)D
h21arcsin(cosD
z21
1cr +−−
−= πλ (4.22)
21
'LQ UHOD LD UH]XOW F SHQWUX GLIHULWH DGkQFLPL GH IUH]DUH VH LPSXQ UHJLPXULcinematice specifice.
În cazul IUH]ULLDVFHQGHQWHRSUREOHPGHRUGLQFLQHPDWLFRFRQVWLWXLHJURVLPHDPD[LPDPDWHULDOXOXLGLVORFDWFDUHQXWUHEXLHVGHSúHDVFOXQJLPHDDFWLYDGLQWHOXLFDUHH[HFXWIUH]DUHD
&RQIRUPUHOD LHL: 0max sinsg ϕ∗=
unde ;z
Ds
1λπ
= úL )D
h21arccos(0 −=ϕ
Notând cu l - lunJLPHDDFWLYDGLQWHOXLúLXWLOL]kQGLQGLFHOHFLQHPDWLFDOVHRE LQHFRQGL LDpentru regimul de frezare:
)
D
h21arccos(sin
lz
D
1
−≥π
λ (4.23)
3ULQXUPDUHHVWHQHFHVDUDOHJHUHDXQXLLQGLFHFLQHPDWLFSHQWUXILHFDUHDGkQFLPHGHIUH]DUH
4.5 Concluzii Analiza parametrilor regimului de frezare DUDWLQWHUGHSHQGHQ DGLQWUHDFHúWLD Pentru un tambur de frezare de diametru D la realizarea unei anumite adâncimi de frezare este
necesar, pentru un proces de frezare optim, un anumit indice cinematic (YUHOD LD¶úLILJ O grosime cât mai redusaFHHDFHvQVHDPQRUH]LVWHQ PLFODIUH]DUHQHFHVLWSHQWUXRDQXPLWDGkQFLPHGH IUH]DUHXQGLDPHWUXDO WDPEXUXOXLFkWPDLPDUH'HDVHPHQHDRJURVLPHUHGXVGHPDWHULDOGLVORFDWVHRE LQHúLSULQFUHúWHUHDQXPUXOXLGHGLQ LGLQWU-ROLQLHGHWLHUHYILJ 'LQ DQDOL]D UHOD LHL VH SRDWH REVHUY F XQ WDPEXU GH IUH]DUH FXGLDPHWUXD úL XQQXPUGHGLQ LSHROLQLHGHWDLHUH z1 , pentru o adâncime de frezare h, grosimea materialului dislocat
VFDGHRGDWFXFUHúWHUHDLQGLFHOXLFLQHPDWLFλ .
ÎQ FD]XO IUH]ULL GHVFHQGHQWH UHDOL]DUHD XQXL UHJLP RSWLP GH IUH]DUH HVWH QHFHVDU V VHUHDOL]H]HXQLQGLFHFLQHPDWLFFULWLFFRUHVSXQ]WRUILHFUHLDGkQFLPLGHIUH]DUHUHOD LD 'LQSXQFWGHYHGHUHFLQHPDWLFvQFD]XOIUH]ULLDVFHQGHQWHUHJLPXORSWLPGHIUH]DUHLPSXQHrealizarea unei grosimi de material dislocat mai mici decât lungimHD DFWLY D GLQ LORU GH IUH]DUe.
Prin urmare, HVWH QHFHVDU V VH UHDOL]H]H XQ LQGLFH FLQHPDWLF PDL PDUH GHFkW FHO FULWLF UHOD LDSHQWUXILHFDUHDGkQFLPHGHIUH]DUHFDUHXUPHD]DILH[HFXWDW
CAPITOLUL 5
678',8/5(=,67(1(/2R ÎN PROCESUL DE FREZARE A
Ì0%5&0,1,/25587,ERE
0L[WXULOH DVIDOWLFH VXQW DOFWXLWH SH SULQFLSLXO EHWRDQHORU ILLQG DPHVWHFXUL GLQ DJUHJDWHDUWLILFLDOH VDX QDWXUDOH úL ILOHU vQ DQXPLWH SURSRU LL FX OLDQW ELWXPLQRV 0L[WXUD DUH R VWUXFWXUFRPSDFWúLvQFKLVFXSX LQHJROXUL5H]LVWHQ DHLHVWHGDWvQSULQFLSDOGHIRU HOHGHFRH]LXQH
22
5H]LVWHQ DODFRPSUHVLXQHDPL[WXULORUDVIDOWLFHILLQGGH«GD1FP2, acestea se pot
încadra din punct de vedere geo-PHFDQLFFD URFL IRDUWHPRLDUJLOHQLVLSRDVHFDROLQFUHWJUDILWWDOFWXIXULYXOFDQLFHDOWHUDWHLDUGXS'HHUHúL0LOOHUvQFODVD'URFLFXUH]LVWHQ PLF
'LQSXQFWGHYHGHUHDOSRUR]LW LLPL[WXULOHDVIDOWLFHVHSRWDVLPLODXQRUURFLFXSRUR]Ltate
PLF-10%).
3URFHVXOGLVORFULLSULQIUH]DUHDPL[WXULORUDVIDOWLFH
/DIUH]DUHDPL[WXULORUDVIDOWLFHGLVORFDUHDPDWHULDOXOXLGLQVWUDWXOGHED]VHUHDOL]HD]SULQDSVDUHDvQVR LWGHGHSODVDUHDGLQ LORUDIOD LSHWDPEXUXOGHIUH]Dre. Ca urmare a acestui fapt,
GDWRULWWHQVLXQLORUQRUPDOHúLWDQJHQ LDOHFDUHDSDUVLPXOWDQVHSURGGHDOXQHFULúLGHVSULQGHUL Considerând p DSVDUHD VSHFLILF UHDOL]DW GH YkUIXO GLQ LORU vQ IXQF LH GH YDORDUHD OXLp,
GLVORFDUHDSRDWHILVXSHUILFLDOVDXYROXPLF 3HFXUEDGHYDULD LHDDGkQFLPLLGHSWUXQGHUHvQPDWHULDOδ se pot distinge trei domenii (fig. 5.3).
Primul domeniu, OA, pentru p ≤ poFRUHVSXQGHGLVORFULL superficiale. ÎQPDWHULDODSDUQXPDLGHIRUPD LLHODVWLFH Particulele
GH PDWHULDO SURHPLQHQWH SH VXSUDID D GH OXFUX SUHLDX SUHVLXQHDGDW GH YkUIXO GLQ LORU GH IUH]DUH OD GHSODVDUHD ORU úL R WUDQVPLWunor particule vecine, provocând desprinderea din masa de
material.
Fig.5.3.
8QHOHSDUWLFXOHGHVSULQVHSWUXQGvQJROXULOHGLQWUHDOWHSDUWLFXOHDúH]DWHWRWSHVXSUDID DGHOXFUXvQVODXQQLYHOLQIHULRUúLOHGLVORFSULQHIHFWXOGHSDQ
3DUWLFXOHOHGLVORFDWH VXQWGHGLPHQVLXQLPLFLFXDVSHFWGHSUDI vQFDUHVXQWDPHVWHFDWHúLparticulele mai mari.
Cel de-al doilea domeniu al curbei )p(f=δ $%FRUHVSXQGHXQRUDSVULVSHFLILFHFDUHGHSúHVFOLPLWDGHFXUJHUHpo < p < pcrúLODFDUHvQPDWHULDODSDUILVXULLQVXILFLHQWGH]YROWDWHFDVDLE ORF GLVORFDUH HIHFWLY SH vQWUHDJD DGkQFLPHGH LQIOXHQ 3HQWUX UHDOL]DUHDGLVORFULL HIHFWLYHHVWHQHFHVDUFUHúWHUHDDSVULLVSHFLILFH 'DF DSVDUHD VSHFLILF D GHSúLW YDORDUHD FULWLF FDUH GH IDSW UHSUH]LQW GXULWDWHmaterialului p>pcr VH WUHFH SH GRPHQLXO %& DO FXUEHL FDUH FRUHVSXQGH GLVORFULL HIHFWLYH(volumLFH $SVDUHD VSHFLILF HVWH VXILFLHQW SHQWUX FD ILVXULOH FDUH VH SURGXF V VH GH]YROWHFRPSOHW SH vQWUHDJD DGkQFLPH GH LQIOXHQ 3DUWLFXOHOH GH PDWHULDO VXQW GH GLPHQVLXQL PDULGHSLQ]kQG GH UH HWD PL[WXULL GH IRUPD úL GLPHQVLXQLOH GLQ LORU GH IUH]DUH GH YDORDUHD DSVULLVSHFLILFHLDUX]XUDVSHFLILFúLFRQVXPXOGHHQHUJLHVXQWVF]XWH
23
&RQVLGHUD LLDVXSUDUH]LVWHQ HORUODWDPEXUXOGHIUH]DUH 'XSFXPV-DDUWDWIUH]DUHDvPEUFPLQ LORUDVIDOWLFHVHUHDOL]HD]SULQVXSUDSXQHUea celor
GRXPLúFULDOH WDPEXUXOXLGH IUH]DUHPLúFDUHDGH URWD LHFXYLWH]DSHULIHULF pv úLPLúFDUHDGH
avans av (fig. 5.4.).
Considerând vârful unui dinte M aflat pe tamburul de diametrul DDFHVWDYDDYHDRYLWH]DEVROXWvdFDUHUHSUH]LQWYLWH]DGHGLVORFDUH3HGLUHF LDYLWH]HORUvp, vdúLvaVHJVHVFUH]LVWHQ HOHRp, RdúLUHVSHFWLYRh, unde:
RpHVWHUH]LVWHQ DSHULIHULFWDQJHQ LDO Rd -UH]LVWHQ DODGLVORFDUH Rh -UH]LVWHQ DODDYDQVRUL]RQWDO Rv -UH]LVWHQ DYHUWLFDO
'LQILJXUDUH]XOWDXUPWRDUHOHUHOD LLGHOHJWXU
)
D
h21arccos( −=ϕ ;
H
V
R
Rarctg=γ ; αϕη −= ; γαδ −= ;
)cos(
cosRR pd ηδ
δ+
= . (5.1)
Fig.5.4.
0ULPHDILHFUHLGLQWUHUH]LVWHQ HOHGHPDLVXVHVWHYDULDELOSRUQHúWHGHOD]HURvQ momentul
LQWUULLvQFRQWDFWFXPDWHULDOXOúLFUHúWHRGDWFXFUHúWHUHDXQJKLXOXLϕ . Pentru procesul de frezare
HVWHLPSRUWDQWGHGHWHUPLQDWUH]LVWHQ DSHULIHULF pR FDUHDF LRQHD]SHGLUHF LDSULQFLSDOGHfrezare. Asupra modului de calcul al acestei for HH[LVWLSRWH]HHPLVHGHGLIHUL LFHUFHWWRUL$FHVWHLSRWH]HVHUHIHUvQVDODIUH]DUHDSPkQWXULORUVDXDURFLORU
Frezarea mixturilor asfaltice fiind un proces tehnologic relativ nou ∼30ani în literatura de
VSHFLDOLWDWHVWXGLDWQXDPJVLWWUDWDWDcest aspect.
8QGLQWHGHIUH]DUHGLVORFGLQPRPHQWXOLQWUULLSkQvQPRPHQWXOLHúLULLGLQPDWHULDOXQvolum teoretic reprezentat în figura 5.5.
24
Fig.5.5
În figura 5.5, a, h UHSUH]LQW DGkQFLPHD GH IUH]DUH s este avansul pe dinte, b HVWH O LPHDSU LLDFWLYHDGLQWHOXLúLgmaxHVWHJURVLPHDPD[LPDPDWHULDOXOXLGLVORFDW
În realitate, volumul de material dislocat de un dinte are forma din figura 5.5, b, deoarece la
SWUXQGHUHD GLQWHOXL vQ PDWHULDO VHF LXQHD HVWH WUDSH]RLGDO ILJ c), unghiul de înclinare al
taluzului Ψ depinzând de natura materialului dislocat. În figura 5.5, d sunt reprezentate formele
UHDOHDOHVXSUDIH HLWHRUHWLFHa b c dvQFD]XODGRXDYDQVXULSHGLQWHs diferite.
ÎQ FRQWLQXDUH VH SUH]LQW LSRWH]HOH XQRU FHUFHWWRUL SULYLQG SURFHVXO WLHULL SPkQWXULORU úLrocilor.
5.5. Concluzii
6WXGLXO WHRUHWLF DO IUH]ULL VWUDWXULORU GH X]XU D VLVWHPHORU UXWLHUH FRPSRUW DERUGDUHDPDLmultor aspecte.
ÌQSULPXOUkQGWUHEXLHFXQRVFXWFRPSRUWDUHDPL[Wurilor asfaltice la frezare. Acest lucru este
SRVLELODWkWSULQFXQRDúWHUHDSURSULHW LORUIL]LFR-PHFDQLFHDOHPL[WXULORUDVIDOWLFHSULQFXQRDúWHUHDSDUDPHWULORU FRQVWUXFWLYL DL RUJDQXOXL GH IUH]DUH D UHJLPXOXL GH OXFUX úL D PRGXOXL vQ FDUH VHH[HFXWIUH]DUHD
a b
c d
25
'LQ LQYHVWLJD LLOH IFXte, în literatura de specialitate, studiul teoretic al procesului de
frezare a mixturilor asfaltice nu a fost abordat. Acest lucru se poate explica printr-R UHODWLYQRXtehnologie de lucru ( 25-DQLvQFRPSDUD LHFXDOWHSURFHVHIXQGDPHQWDOHVWXGLDWH(70 – 80 ani).
3URSULHW LOH IL]LFR-PHFDQLFH DOHPL[WXULORU DVIDOWLFH FDUH VH GHWHUPLQ FXUHQW VH UHIHU ODDFHOHSURSULHW LFDUH WUHEXLHV OHDLEPL[WXUDDVIDOWLF vQVLWXD LDGHH[SORDWDUHFDvPEUFPLQWHUXWLHU Nu se întâlnesc date cu SULYLUHODFRPSRUWDUHDODIUH]DUHDPL[WXULORUvPEWUkQLWH 6WXGLXOHIHFWXDWSUH]LQWSURFHVHGHIUH]DUHDERUGDWHvQOLWHUDWXUDGHVSHFLDOLWDWHUHIHULWRDUHOD IUH]DUHD VROXULORU vQ DJULFXOWXU IUH]DUHD SPkQWXULORU vQJKH DWH IUH]DUHD FUEXQLORU úL URFLORUGRPHQLL FDUH GXS SUHUHD DXWRUXOXL VXQW FRPSDWLELOH vQ RDUHFDUH PVXU FX IUH]DUHD PL[WXULORUDVIDOWLFH$XIRVWSUH]HQWDWHDVSHFWHFLQHPDWLFHSUHFXPúLPHWRGHGHFDOFXODUH]LVWHQ HORUúLSXWHULLODIUH]DUHSURSXVHGHGLIHUL LDXWRUL
Din cele prezentate anterior, se desprinde ideea ca fiecare autor a vrut ca fenomenul
GHVFULVSULQUHOD LLOHGHFDOFXOVILHFkWPDLDSURDSHGHFHOUHDOÎn acest sens s-D LQXWVHDPDGHRVHULHGHSDUDPHWULLFDUHLQIOXHQ HD]SURFHVXOGHIUH]DUHSDUDPHWULLJHRPHWULFLúLWHKQRORJLFLSUHFXPúLGHFDUDFWHULVWLFLOHIL]LFR–mecanice ale materialului.
ÌQ FRQWLQXDUH VH SURSXQH GHWHUPLQDUHD H[SHULPHQWDO D UH]LVWHQ Hi la frezarea
vPEUFPLQ LORUDVIDOWLFHvQFRQGL LLGHODERUDWRUXWLOL]kQGGLIHULWHUHJLPXri de lucru
CAPITOLUL 6
DETERMINAREA EXPERIMENTALA A REZISTENTELOR LA FREZAREA
STRATURILOR DE UZURA A DRUMURILOR
6WXGLXO H[SHULPHQWDO DO IUH]ULL VWUDWXULORU GH X]XU D GUXPXULORU DOFWXLWH GLQ PL[WXULDVIDOWLFH VHSRDWHHIHFWXDSHR vPEUFPLQWH UHDO DGUXPXOXLVDX vQ ODERUDWRUXWLOL]kQGSUREHGHPL[WXUDVIDOWLF
/XFUDUHD GH ID vúL SURSXQH GHWHUPLQDUHD H[SHULPHQWDO vQ FRQGL LL GH ODERUDWRU DUH]LVWHQ HORUODIUH]DUHDPL[WXULORUDVIDOWLFHXWLOL]kQGGLIHULWHUHJLPXULGHOXFUX
&RQVLGHUD LLWHRUHWLFHDVXSUDGHWHUPLQULLUH]LVWHQ HORU
la frezare a mixturilor asfaltice
3URFHVXOGHIUH]DUHVHUHDOL]HD]SULQGRXPLúFULFRQFRPLWHQWHDOHWDPEXUXOXLGHIUH]DUHPLúFDUHDGHURWD LHFXYLWH]DSHULIHULFvp úLPLúFDUHDGHDYDQVWUDQVOD LHFXYLWH]Dva (fig. 6.1).
26
&RQVLGHUkQGXQGLQWHvQFRQWDFWFXPL[WXUDDVIDOWLFDVXSUDDFHVWXLDDF LRQHD]RIRU YHUWLFDORVúLRIRU RUL]RQWDORHDPEHOHUHSUH]HQWkQGUHDF LXQLOHPHGLXOXL5H]XOWDQWDORUHVWH
RVH= 22HV RR + , (6.1)
3URLHF LD IRU HLRVH SHGLUHF LDYLWH]HL vdUHSUH]LQWUH]LVWHQ DGHGLVORFDUHRD. LQkQGVHDPDGHUHOD LLOHGHOHJWXUGLQWUHXQJKLXULVHSRDWHGHWHUPLQDUH]LVWHQ D RD=RVHcosδ , (6.2)
unde:
γαδ −= ; sin
cosp
a p
varctg
v v
ϕα
ϕ⋅
=+
;
(6.3)
H
V
R
Rarctg=γ )
21arccos(
D
h−=ϕ Fig.6.1.
ÎQFRQFOX]LHGDF SHQWUX GLIHULWH UHJLPXULGH IUH]DUHXQGHYDULD] vp, va úLh, se pot
PVXUDRvúLRHVHSRDWHGHGXFHSHFDOHDQDOLWLFUH]LVWHQ DODGLVORFDUHRD.
6.26WDQGXOSHQWUXHIHFWXDUHDPVXUWRULORU
3HQWUXGHWHUPLQDUHDUH]LVWHQ HORUODIUH]DUHDPL[WXULlor asfaltice a fost realizat un stand format
GLQXUPWRDUHOHFRPSRQHQWHILJ - organul de lucru (freza) − poz. 1; SUREDGHPL[WXUDVIDOWLF– poz. 2; GLVSR]LWLYXOGHPVXUDUHDOFWXLWGLQSODFDVXSHULRDU− poz. 3, captorul tensometric – poz. SODFDLQIHULRDU– poz. 5;
masina de frezat FU-32 –poz.6.
Fig.6.2
27
ÌQILJXUDVHSUH]LQWGLVSR]LWLYXOGHPVXUDUHSHFDUHHVWHPRQWDWSUREDGHPL[WXUDVIDOWLFSXWkQGX-VHYHGHDúLXQGLQWHFDUHLQWUvQPDWHULDO Organul de frezareHVWHDOFWXLWGLQWU-XQVXSRUWPRQWDWSHDUERUHOHRUL]RQWDODOPDúLQLLGHfrezat, prin intermediul unei pene paralele. Pe suport se afOPRQWD LGRLGLQ LGHIUH]DUHGHFDOD LFX1800 SHQWUX HFKLOLEUDUHD IUH]HL 'LDPHWUXO OD YkUIXO GLQ LORU HVWH ' PP GLDPHWUXO PD[LPDGPLVGHPDúLQDGHIUH]DW
Fig. 6.3 Fig.6.4.
'LQ LL XWLOL]D L ILJ VXQW SURGXúL GH ILUPD :,57*(1 *HUPDQLD úL VH DIO vQH[SORDWDUHD IUH]HORU UXWLHUH SURGXVH GH DFHDVW ILUP 3DUWHD DFWLY D GLQ LORU YkUIXO HVWH GLQFDUEXUGHZROIUDPPRQWDWvQWU-un suport dinR HOUH]LVWHQWODX]XU
Probele de frezat XWLOL]DWHILJúLILJVXQWGHIRUPSDUDOHOLSLSHGLF[[PPWXUQDWHvQIRUPHúLDSRLFRPSDFWDWH
Fig. 6.5 Fig.6.6
S-DXXWLOL]DWGRX WLSXULPL[WXUDVIDOWLFEHWRQDVIDOWLFERJDWvQFULEOXU %$úLEHWRQasfaltic BA16. Densitatea mixturilor a foVWPVXUDWRE LQkQGX-se valoarea 2230 kg/m3, valoare ce
se înscrie în intervalul recomandat 2200-2300kg/m3 3HQWUX PVXUDUHD UH]LVWHQ HORU YHUWLFDOH úLRUL]RQWDOHFDUHLDXQDúWHUHvQFD]XOIUH]ULLSODQHDPL[WXULORUDVIDOWLFHV-a utilizat un dispozitiv de
PVXUDUHUHDOL]DWvQFDGUXOFDWHGUHL7HKQRORJLHPHFDQLFúLRUJDQHGHPDúLQLGLQ87&%>@
28
'LVSR]LWLYXO GH PVXUDUH SR]L LD GLQ ILJXUD HVWH SUHY]XW FX SDWUX FDSWRDUHWHQVRPHWULFHSR]FDUHVXQWLQWHUFDODWHvQWUHFHOHGRXSOFL&DSWRrul tensometric HVWHDOFWXLWdintr-XQLQHOHODVWLFGHIRUPRFWRJRQDOODH[WHULRUúLFLUFXODUODLQWHULRUILJa). [51].
Fig. 6.7
&DOFXOXOGHIRUPD LLORUSURYRFDWHGHIRU HOHFV vQSXQFWHOH«úLIRU HOHFH în punctele
5…8, precumúLDOFRHILFLHQ LORUGHULJLGLWDWHkV SHGLUHF LDYHUWLFDOúLkH SHGLUHF LDRUL]RQWDOVHUHDOL]HD]FXUHOD LLOH
VFhbE
R24321 7,0
⋅⋅=−==−= εεεε , (6.4)
HFhbE
R25876 4,1
⋅⋅=−==−= εεεε , (6.5)
3
3
R
hbEkV
⋅⋅= ,
3
3
7,3 R
hbEkH
⋅⋅= . (6.6)
3HQWUX FD VHPQDOHOHGH LHúLUHDOHFHORUGRXSXQ LGHPVXU VQX VH LQIOXHQ H]H vQWUHHOHTER trebuie lipite ca în figura 6.7, b GHRDUHFH vQ VHF LXQLOH UHVSHFWLYHPRPHQWHOH vQFRYRLHWRDUHFDUHLDXQDúWHUHvQXUPDDF LXQLLFHORUGRXIRU HVHDQXOHD]XQXOFkWHXQXOSHGLDPHWUXORUL]RQWDOmomentul dat de FH, iar la ~400ID GHGLDPHWUXOYHUWLFDOPRPHQWXOGDWGHFV.
6HPQDOHOH GH LHúLUH DOH SXQ LORU FRPSOHWH DOFWXLWH FD vQ ILJXUD c úL d, sunt
SURSRU LRQDOHFXIRU HOHFV, respectiv FH : ∗⋅⋅
= VV ER
hbcF ε
2
229,0 , (6.7)
∗⋅⋅
= HH ER
hbcF ε
2
108,0 , (6.8)
în care: TER
AP
k
kc = ; APk -FRQVWDQWDSXQ LLWHQVRPHWULFH TERk - constanta TER;
∗∗HV ,εε -LQGLFD LLOHSXQ LLWHQVRPHWULFH
a
b
c d
29
Pentru captorul utilizat s-au folosit TER produse în RSC (Cehia), având coeficientul de
tensosensibilitate k=úLUH]LVWHQ DHOHFWULFaΩ .
CaptoDUHOH WHQVRPHWULFH VXQW OHJDWH FD vQ ILJXULOH úL DVWIHO vQFkW V VHPVRDUHFHOHGRXIRU HFV úLUHVSHFWLYFH, FDUHDF LRQHD]DVXSUDSUREHLLQGLIHUHQWGHSR]L LDIUH]HLvQFkPSXOGHDF LXQH
Fig.6.8 Fig. 6.9
$WkWRUJDQXOGHIUH]DUHFkWúLGLVSR]LWLYXOGHPVXUDUHDXIRVWPRQWDWHSHRPDúLQGHfrezat FU –FDUHUHDOL]HD]WUHSWHGHWXUD LHvQWUHúLURWPLQUHVSHFWLYYLWH]HGHDYDQVvQWUHúLPPPLQ.
ÌQILJXUDHVWHUHSUH]HQWDWPDúLQDGHIUH]DWSHFDUHV-DXIFXWH[SHULPHQWULOHGLVSR]LWLYXOGHPVXUSHFDUHHVWHPRQWDWSUREDSUHFXPúLODQ XOGHDSDUDWHGHPVXUúLvQUHJLVWUDUHXWLOL]DW
Fig.6.10
30
(IHFWXDUHDPVXUWRULORU
/DQ XOGHPVXUDUH
3HQWUXHIHFWXDUHDPVXUWRULORUvQUHJLPGLQDPLFV-DXWLOL]DWODQ XOGHPVXUDUHGLQILJXULOHúLUHVSHFWLY
Fig.6.11 Fig. 6.12
/DQ XOGHPVXUDUHHVWHIRUPDWGLQ -GLVSR]LWLYXOGHPVXUDUH - tensometrul electronic cu 6 canale, tip N2302 (produs în România - varianta pentru export
RDG);
- oscilograf magnetic cu 12 canale, tip 12 L S-1, produs în RDG.
5H]XOWDWHOHPVXUWRULORU
0VXUWRULOHHIHFWXDWHDXDYXWFDVFRSGHWHUPLQDUHDUH]LVWHQ HLODIUH]DUHDPL[WXULORUDVIDOWLFHpentru diferite regimuri de frezare. Pentru realizarea acestui deziderat s-D SURFHGDW OD PVXUDUHDUH]LVWHQ HORUYHUWLFDOHúLRUL]RQWDOHFXQRDúWHUHDDFHVWRUDSHUPL kQGGXSFXPV-DDUWDWODFDSLWROXO GHWHUPLQDUHD UH]LVWHQ HL OD GLVORFDUH 6-DX HIHFWXDW PVXUWRUL SHQWUX PDL PXOWH UHJLPXUL GHfrezaUHH[HPSOHDOHRVFLORJUDPHORURE LQXWHILLQGSUH]HQWDWHvQ$QH[D $FHVWHD DX IRVW SUHOXFUDWH vQ FRQIRUPLWDWH FX HWDORQULOH IFXWH YDORULOH PD[LPH DOHUH]LVWHQ HLRUL]RQWDOHRHúLDOHUH]LVWHQ HLYHUWLFDOHRVVXQWDUWDWHvQWDEHOHOH«SHntru frezarea
31
DVFHQGHQWúLvQWDEHOXOSHQWUXIUH]DUHGHVFHQGHQW3HXOWLPDFRORDQDWDEHOHORUHVWHWUHFXWYDORDUHDUH]LVWHQ HLODGLVORFDUHRDFDOFXODWFXH[SUHVLLOHúL $QDOL]kQG YDORULOH RE LQXWH SHQWUX UH]LVWHQ D OD GLVORFDUH Sentru regimuri de frezare identice
WDEHO úL WDEHO UH]XOW YDORUL DSURDSH GXEOH vQ FD]XO IUH]ULL DVFHQGHQWH vQ FRPSDUD LH FXIUH]DUHD GHVFHQGHQW $FHVW IDSW WUHEXLH DWULEXLW IRU HORU GH IUHFDUH PDL PDUL vQ FD]XO IUH]ULLascendente.
6.5. Prelucrarea datelor experimentale
În tabelele 1…5 s-DXHYLGHQ LDWRVHULHGHYDORULH[SHULPHQWDOHDOHUH]LVWHQ HLODGLVORFDUHDmixturilor asfaltice RD vQIXQF LHGHSDUDPHWULLUHJLPXOXLGHIUH]DUHYLWH]DSHULIHULFvP, viteza de
avans vA, adâncimea de frezare h, indicele cinematic λ ). ÎQFRQWLQXDUHVHSXQHSUREOHPDH[SULPULLXQRU UHOD LLPDWHPDWLFH FDUH V DUDWH OHJWXUDGLQWUHYDULDELOHOHDQDOL]DWH6-au luat în considerare
SDWUXIXQF LLHOHPHQWDUHFDUHVHHVWLPHD]FDUSXWHDDSUR[LPDOHJWXUDGLQWUHYDULDELOH -IXQF LDOLQLDUDILQDy = ax + b; -IXQF LDORJDULWPLFy = a + b ln x;
-IXQF LDH[SRQHQ LDO y = a ebx ; -IXQF LDSXWHUH y = axb .
În expresiile de mai sus, y UHSUH]LQW UH]LVWHQ D OD GLVORFDUHRD, iar x UHSUH]LQW XQXO GLQparametrii regimului de frezare (vp, vA, h, λ ) , iar a úL b VXQW FRQVWDQWH FDUH LQ VHDPD GHcaracteristicile fizico–mecanice ale mixturii asfaltice, de caracteristicile geometrice ale organului de
IUH]DUHVLGHSDUDPHWULLUHJLPXOXLGHIUH]DUH3HQWUXGHWHUPLQDUHDDFHVWRUFRQVWDQWHDIRVWXWLOL]DWPHWRGD FHORUPDLPLFL SWUDWHPHWRG FDUH RIHU FHOHPDL SUREDELOH YDORUL DOH FRQVWDQWHORU FDUHLQWULQUHOD LLOHPDWHPDWLFHSURSXVH5HOD LDPDWHPDWLFFDUHH[SULPFHOPDLILGHOFRUHOD LDGLQWUHYDULDELOHOHFRQVLGHUDWHHVWHGHWHUPLQDWGHFRHILFLHQWXOGHFRUHOD LHUFDUHWUHEXLHVDLERYDORDUHFkWPDLDSURSLDWGHFkQGr=HURDUHDVWDQGDUGDHVWLPD LHL este SY VLWXD LHvQFDUHYDORULOHGHWHUPLQDWHH[SHULPHQWDOVHDIOSHFXUEDRE LQXWSULQPHWRGDFHORUPDLPLFLSWUDWH
Calculul constantelor s-a efectuat cu ajutorul unui minicalculator programabil TI-81.
'LQWUHFHOHSDWUXWLSXULGHIXQF LLV-DUH LQXWIXQF LDSXWHUHSHQWUXHDUH]XOWkQGFRHILFLHQWXOGHFRUHOD LHDYkQGYDORDUHDFHDPDLDSURSLDWGH
([SUHVLLOHXWLOL]DWHSHQWUXFDOFXOXOFRQVWDQWHORUúLDFRHILFLHQWXOXLGHFRUHOD LHVXQW ]
lnlnexp[
n
xb
n
ya ii ∑∑ −= ; (6.9)
;)ln(
)(ln
)ln)(ln())(ln(ln
22∑ ∑
∑ ∑
−
−=
n
xx
n
yxyx
bi
i
iiii
(6.10)
32
;
])ln(
)(ln[])ln(
)(ln[
)ln)(ln())(ln(ln
22
2∑ ∑ ∑∑∑ ∑ ∑
−−−
−=
n
yy
n
xx
n
yxyx
ri
ii
i
iiii
(6.11)
unde nHVWHQXPUXOPULPLORUPVXUDWH Pentru trasarea curbelor s-a utilizat programul ZGRAFWIN.
ÎQ ILJXUD HVWH UHSUH]HQWDW IDPLOLDGH FXUEH FDUH DUDW YDULD LD UH]LVWHQ HL ODGLVORFDUH vQIXQF LHGHYLWH]DSHULIHULFSHQWUXWUHLDGkQFLPLGHIUH]DUH(FXD LLOHFXUEHORUVXQW 772,078 −⋅= pD vR [daN], pentru h=10 mm
924,0155 −⋅= pD vR [daN], pentru h=20 mm (6.12)
5,0230 −⋅= pD vR [daN], pentru h=30 mm
pentru pv , în .s
m
Fig. 6.14
6HUHPDUFVFGHUHDUH]LVWHQ HLODGLVORFDUHRGDWFXFUHúWHUHDYLWH]HLSHULIHULFHDWDPEXUXOXLde frezare.
ÎQILJXUDVHSUH]LQWGHSHQGHQ DUH]LVWHQ HLODGLVORFDUHvQIXQF LHGHYLWH]DGHDYDQVDIUH]HLSHQWUXGRXYLWH]HSHULIHULFHSHQWUXDGkQFLPHFRQVWDQW(FXD LLOHFXUEHORUVXQW 975.08686 aD vR ⋅= [daN] pentru
s
mv p 1,1= (6.13)
09.16861 aD vR = [daN] pentru s
mv p 2,2=
pentru av , în ;s
m
33
Fig. 6.15
'LQDQDOL]DFXUEHORUUH]XOWGXSFXPHUDGHDúWHSWDWFUHúWHUHDUH]LVWHQ HLODGLVORFDUHSHQWUXDFHLDúLDGkQFLPHGHIUH]DUHRGDWFXFUHúWHUHDYLWH]HLGHDYDQV În continuare sunt repre]HQWDWHFXUEHOHGHYDULD LHDOHUH]LVWHQ HLODGLVORFDUHvQIXQF LHGHindicele cinematic λ ILJvQIXQF LHGHDGkQFLPHDGHIUH]DUHh ILJúLvQIXQF LHGHavansul pe dinte s (fig. 6.18).
Fig. 6.16 Fig.6.17
Fig.6.18
(FXD LLOHFXUEHORUVXQWXUPWRDUHOH
995,010590 −⋅= λDR [daN] pentru s
mv p 1,1= (6.14)
82,04364 −⋅= λDR [daN] pentru s
mv p 2,2=
34
05,124,6 hRD ⋅= [daN] pentru s
mv p 1,1=
1,045,89DR h= ⋅ [daN] pentru s
mv p 2,2= (6.15)
1,3231,03DR h= ⋅ [daN] pentru s
mv p 4,4=
pentru h , în .mm
74,04,19 sRD ⋅= [daN] pentru mmh 10=
914,05,27 sRD ⋅= [daN] pentru mmh 20= (6.16)
486,06,91 sRD ⋅= [daN] pentru mmh 30=
pentru s , în mm.
În cele expuse anterior s-DDQDOL]DWGHSHQGHQ DUH]LVWHQ HLODGLVORFDUHvQIXQF LHGHYDULD LDXQXLVLQJXUSDUDPHWUXFHLODO LUPkQkQGFRQVWDQ L5HOD LLOHRE LQXWHH[SULPPULPHDUH]LVWHQ HLODGLVORFDUHDVWUDWXULORUGHX]XUDvPEUFPLQ LORUDVIDOWLFH DR ILHvQIXQF LHGHYLWH]DSHULIHULFDtamburului de frezare pv ILHvQIXQF LHGHYLWH]DGHDYDQVDPDúLQLLGHIUH]DW av ILHvQIXQF LHGHadâncimea de frezare h SDUDPHWULLFDUHVXQWGHSHQGHQ LGHSURFHVXOGHIUH]DUHÎn continuare se va
DQDOL]D GHSHQGHQ D UH]LVWHQ HL OD IUH]DUH FRQVLGHUkQG DF LXQHD FRQFRPLWHQWD D FHORU WUHL SDUDPHWULLQGHSHQGHQ L3HQWUXDSXQHvQHYLGHQ OHJWXUDGLQWUHFHOHSDWUXFDUDFWHULVWLFLVHXWLOL]HD]analiza
GHUHJUHVLHPXOWLSO. Analiza de regreVLHLPSOLFUHDOL]DUHDXQXLPRGHOPDWHPDWLFFDUHVH[SULPHOHJWXUD GLQWUH YDULDELOD GHSHQGHQW DR úL YDULDELOHOH LQGHSHQGHQWH pv , av , h úL GHWHUPLQDUHDrDSRUWXOXLGHFRUHOD LHPXOWLSODFUXLYDORDUHYDFDUDFWHUL]DLQWHQVLWDWHDOHJWXULLGLQWUHYDULDELOH
6HSURSXQHRHFXD LHGHUHJUHVLHGHIRUPD D p aR C v v hα β γ= ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ [daN] ( 6.18)
unde: & HVWH R FRQVWDQWD FDUH GHSLQGH GH SURSULHW LOH IL]LFR-PHFDQLFH DOH vPEUFPLQ LORUDVIDOWLFHúLGHSDUDPHWULLJHRPHWULFLDLRUJDQXOXLGHIUH]DUH ,p av v - viteza periIHULFUHVSHFWLYYLWH]DGHDYDQVvQ m
s;
h - adâncimea de frezare, în mm ;
, ,α β γ -FRHILFLHQ LGHUHJUHVLH 0RGHOXOGHFRUHOD LHDOPULPLORUDQDOL]DWHHVWHXQPRGHOQHOLQLDU
35
Acesta se poate transforma într-un model liniar, prin logaritmarea ambilor membri ai
expresiei (6.18): ln ln ln ln lnD p aR C v v hα β γ= + + + ( 6.19)
,QWURGXFkQGQRWD LLOH ln DR r= ; ln C c= ; ln pv x= ; ln av y= ; ln h = z ;
VHRE LQHIRUPDOLQLDUL]DWDPRGHOXOXLLQL LDO r c x y zα β γ= + ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ ( 6.20)
PentruFDOFXODUHDFRHILFLHQ LORUGHUHJUHVLHVHDSOLFPHWRGDFHORUPDLPLFLSWUDWHÎQFRQVHFLQ FRHILFLHQ LLGH UHJUHVLH , ,α β γ WUHEXLHVDDVLJXUHSHQWUX RVHULHVWDWLVWLFPLQLPXOsumei: 2[ ]r c x y zα β γ− + + +∑ ; (6.21)
$QXOkQGGHULYDWHOHSDU LDOHDOHDFHVWHLVXPHvQUDSRUWFX , ,c α β úLγ VHRE LQHXQVLVWHPGHHFXD LLFXUHVSHFWLYHOHQHFXQRVFXWH Rezolvarea sistemulXL D IRVW HIHFWXDW FX SURJUDPXO 0$7/$% 6-a scris matricea
FRHILFLHQ LORU QHFXQRVFXWHORU $ úL YHFWRUXO FRORDQ % DO WHUPHQLORU OLEHUL ORJDULWPLL YDORULORUexperimentale). Sistemul devine:
AX = B (6.22)
unde: X este vectorul necunoscutelor , , .α β γ
3HQWUX VLVWHPHOH VXSUDGHWHUPLQDWH SURJUDPXO0$7/$% UHFRPDQG FDOFXODUHD YHFWRUXOXLX cu expresia: X=A\%vPSU LUHODVWkQJD
6HRE LQHGXSHIHFWXDUHDFDOFXOHORUUHOD LDGHFDOFXODUH]LVWHQ HLODGLVORFDUHGHYLQH 0,74 0,46 0,9855,5D p aR v v h−= ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ( 6.24)
9DULD LDUH]LVWHQ HLODGLVORFDUHFRQIRUPUHOD LHLVXVPHQ LRQDWHHVWHUHSUH]HQWDWvQILJXULOH úL
Fig. 6.21 Fig.6.22
3HQWUXYDOLGDUHDUHOD LHLGHWHUPLQDWHVHvQORFXLHVFYDORULOHSDUDPHWULORUXWLOL]D LOD efectuarea
PVXUWRULORURE LQkQGX-VHYDORULOHUH]LVWHQ HLODGLVORFDUHGHWHUPLQDWHSHFDOHWHRUHWLFÎn tabelul
36
VXQWUHGDWHvQIXQF LHGHSDUDPHWULLWHKQRORJLFLDLUHJLPXOXLGHIUH]DUHvp, vaúLh, valorile
PVXUDWHDOWXULGHYDORULOHRE LQXWHSUin calcul.
Tabelul 6
$QDOL]DVWDWLVWLFDYDORULORUPVXUDWHúLGHWHUPLQDWHDQDOLWLFSUHVXSXQHGRXFLGHDQDOL] - GHWHUPLQDUHD FRUHOD LHL GLQWUH YDORULOH PVXUDWH H[SHULPHQWDO úL YDORULOH FDOFXODWHanalitic;
-FDOFXODUHDUDSRUWXOXLGHFRUHOD LHDOSDUDPHWULORUUHJLPXOXLGHIUH]DUH 3HQWUX D GHWHUPLQD FRUHOD LD GLQWUH YDORULOH PVXUDWH úL YDORULOH FDOFXODWH VH DSHOHD] ODFDOFXODUHDFRHILFLHQWXOXLGHFRUHOD LHGLQWUHFHOHGRXPULPL
2 2 2 2[ ][ ]
n xy x yr
n x x n y y
−=
− −
∑ ∑ ∑∑ ∑ ∑ ∑
; (6.25)
XQGH[úL\VXQWPULPLOHDQDOL]DWHLDUQHVWHQXPUXOGHPVXUWRUL 8WLOL]kQG SHQWUX FDOFXOXO FRHILFLHQWXOXL GH FRUHODWLH SURJUDPXO GH DQDOL] VWDWLVWLFDSTATISTICA `99 Edition, valoarea acestuia r LQGLFR OHJDWXUSXWHUQLF vQWUHFHOHGRXPULPL
RD [daN] Nr. crt.
vp [m
s] va [
m
s] h [mm] PVXUDW calculat
Abaterea [daN]
1. 1,1 0,016 10 70 75 -5 2. 2,2 0,016 10 46 45 1 3. 4,4 0,016 10 24 27 -3 4. 1,1 0,01 10 74 60 14 5. 2,2 0,01 10 42 36 6 6. 2,8 0,0 12 10 32 33 2 7. 1.1 0,016 20 144 149 -5 8. 2,2 0,016 20 72 89 -17 9. 4,4 0,016 20 40 53 -13 10. 1,1 0,01 20 120 123 0 11. 2,2 0,01 20 53 71 -18 12. 2,8 0,012 20 59 60 -1 13. 1,1 0,016 30 222 222 0 14. 2,2 0,016 30 152 133 19 15. 4,4 0,016 30 111 80 31 16. 2,2 0,01 30 133 107 26 17. 2,8 0,012 30 89 98 -9 18. 1,4 0,016 20 102 124 -22 19. 0,44 0,005 20 174 172 2 20. 0,7 0,008 20 177 151 26 21. 1,1 0,008 20 69 108 -39
37
Al doilea deziderat vO FRQVWLWXLH OHJWXUD GLQWUH SDUDPHWULL UHJLPXOXL GH IUH]DUH DVXSUDPULPLL UH]LVWHQ HL OD GLVORFDUH 3HQWUX D SXQH vQ HYLGHQ D DFHVW OXFUX VH DSHOHD] OD UDSRUWXO GHFRUHOD LHGLQWUHPULPLOHDQDOL]DWH ([SUHVLDUDSRUWXOXLGHFRUHOD LHHVWH
R=
2
0 1 1
22
( )......
( )
n n
ya y a x y a x y
ny
yn
+ + + −
−
∑∑ ∑ ∑∑∑
; (6.26)
unde: y HVWHUH]LVWHQ DODGLVORFDUHx1 -YLWH]DSHULIHULFDWDPEXUXOXLGHIUH]DUH x2 - vite]DGHDYDQVDPDúLQLLGHIUH]DW x3 - adâncimea de frezare;
n -QXPUXOGHPVXUWRUL 'XS HIHFWXDUHD FDOFXOHORU UH]XOW XQ UDSRUW GH FRUHOD LH5 YDORDUH FDUH DUDW ROHJWXUDSXWHUQLF vQWUHSDUDPHWULLWHKQRORJLFLDLUHJLPXOXLGHIUH]DUHúLUH]LVWHQ DODGLVORFare a
vPEUFPLQ LLORUDVIDOWLFH>@ ÎQ ILJXUD HVWH UHSUH]HQWDW GLVWULEX LD DEDWHULORU YDORULORU FDOFXODWH ID GH YDORULOHPVXUDWH+LVWRJUDPDDUDWRGLVWULEX LHDSURSLDWGHR OHJHQRUPDO IDSWFDUH GRYHGHúWH MXVWH HDUHOD LHL UHOD LH FDUH H[SULP OHJWXUDGLQWUH UH]LVWHQ D ODGLVORFDUH úLSDUDPHWULL UHJLPXOXLGHfrezare.
Fig.6.3
2 DQDOL] PDL DPQXQ LW VH UHDOL]HD] XWLOL]kQG SURJUDPXO 0,&ROSOFT-EXCEL
prin IXQF LLOH/,1(67)',67úL7,19DQH[D S-DRE LQXWHFXD LDGHUHJUHVLH
0,737 0.414 0,99344D p aR v v h−= ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ (6.13)
38
5HOD LDGHPDLVXVGYDORULDSURSLDWHFXFHOHGDWHGHUHOD LDGLIHUHQ HOHUH]XOWkQGGLQDSUR[LPD LLOHIFXWHvQUHDOL]DUHDSURJUDPHORUUHVSHFWLYH
'H DVHPHQHD UDSRUWXO GH FRUHOD LH RE LQXW D UH]XOWDW 5 YDORDUH DSURSLDW GHYDORDUHDRE LQXWSULQSURJUDPXO STATISTICA “99 EDITION.
'HRDUHFH FRUHOD LD úL UHJUHVLD VXQW UHIOHFWUL DOH OHJWXULORU VWDWLVWLFH FRPSOH[HvQWUHPULPLOHFRQVLGHUDWHHVWHQHFHVDUYHULILFDUHDYHULGLFLW LLDFHVWRUOHJWXUL8WLOL]kQGIXQF LD)',167 vQ IXQF LHGHYDORULOHFDOFXODWH UH]XOWFSUREDELOLWDWHDFD OHJWXUDGLQWUHPULPLV ILHvQWkPSOWRDUHHVWHGH1,533*10-8RSUREDELOLWDWHH[WUHPGHPLF
(VWHQHFHVDUVVHFRQVLGHUHLQWHUYDOXOGHvQFUHGHUHSHQWUXUHJUHVLDPXOWLSOFRQVLGHUDW În mRGX]XDOVHXWLOL]HD]WHVWDUHDSHQWUXXQLQWHUYDOGHvQFUHGHUHGH
8WLOL]kQG IXQF LD 7,19 SULQ FDOFXOXO FXDQWLOHOHL UHSDUWLWLHL tα FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH ILHFUXLSDUDPHWUX UH]XOW vQGHSOLQLUHD WHVWXOXL t , IDSW FDUH DWHVW YDODELOLWDWHD HFXD LHL GH UHJUHVLHRE LQXW(anexa 2 ).
6.6 Concluzii
&XQRDúWHUHD UH]LVWHQWHORU FDUH DSDU vQ WLPSXO IUH]ULL VWUDWXULORUGHX]XU D GUXPXULORU IDFHSRVLELO GHWHUPLQDUHD SXWHULL QHFHVDUH DF LRQULL PDúLQLORU GH IUH]DW SUHFXP úL GLPHQVLRQDUHDHOHPHQWHORUGLQFDUHVXQWDOFWXLWHOLWHUDWXUDGHVSHFLDOLWDWHILLQGVUDF în reflectarea procesului de
frezare a strDWXULORUGHX]XUDGUXPXULORUvPEUFPLQ LELWXPLQRDVHVDXEHWRDQHGHFLPHQW 'HWHUPLQDUHDH[SHULPHQWDODFRPSRUWULLODIUH]DUHDPL[WXULORUDVIDOWLFHXWLOL]kQGGLIHULWH
UHJLPXULGHIUH]DUHIDFHSRVLELOvQED]DPULPLORUPVXUDWHGHWHUPLQDUHDUH]LVWHQ HLODGLVORFDUHvQIXQF LHGHSDUDPHWULLGHIUH]DUH3HQWUXH[SULPDUHDDQDOLWLFDGHSHQGHQ HLvQWUHPULPLV-a optat
SHQWUX IXQF LD SXWHUH IXQF LH FDUH UHG FHO PDL ILGHO GHSHQGHQ D UH]LVWHQ HL OD GLVORFDUH ID GHparametrii regimului de frezareYLWH]DSHULIHULFYLWH]DGHDYDQVDGkQFLPHGHIUH]DUH
3H SDUFXUVXO H[SHULPHQWULL V-DX SVWUDW FRQVWDQWH SHQWUX WRDWH GHWHUPLQULOH GLDPHWUXOIUH]HLWLSXOGHGLQ LGHIUH]DUHúLXQJKLXOGHDúH]DUH6-DXXWLOL]DWSUREHGHPL[WXUDDVIDOWLF%$
úL%$ $XIRVWH[HFXWDWHIUH]ULDVFHQGHQWHúLIUH]ULGHVFHQGHQWHXWLOL]kQGX-se 21 de regimuri de
lucru distincte.
2SULPREVHUYD LHDUDWGLIHUHQ HQHVHPQLILFDWLYHvQWUHUH]LVWHQ HOHODGLVORFDUHGHWHUPLQDWHSHQWUXFHOHGRXWLSXULGHPL[WXULDVIDltice. De asemenea, s-DXRE LQXWYDORULVHQVLELOPDLPLFLDOH
39
UH]LVWHQ HL OD GLVORFDUH vQFD]XO IUH]ULLGHVFHQGHQWH FFDGLQYDORDUHD UH]LVWHQ HL vQFD]XOIUH]ULLDVFHQGHQWH
$QDOL]kQGYDULD LDUH]LVWHQ HLODGLVORFDUHVHFRQVWDWXUPWRDUHOH -FUHúWHUHDYLWH]HLSHULIHULFHDWDPEXUXOXLGHIUH]DUHFRQGXFHODVFGHUHDUH]LVWHQ HLILJ -UH]LVWHQ DODGLVORFDUHFUHúWHDSUR[LPDWLYOLQLDURGDWFXPULUHDYLWH]HLGHDYDQVILJ - FUHúWHUHD DGkQFLPLL GH IUH]DUH GXS FXP VH vQWUHYHGHD SURGXFH R FUHúWHUH D UH]LVWHQ HL ODdislocare (fig. 6.17);
-UH]LVWHQ DODGLVORFDUHGHVFUHúWHRGDWFXVFGHUHDDYDQVXOXLSHGLQWHILJ - GH DVHPHQHD UH]LVWHQ D OD GLVORFDUH VFDGH VHPQLILFDWLY RGDW FX FUHúWHUHD LQGLFHOXL FLQematic
p
a
v
vλ = , fapt ilustrat în figura 6.16.
5PkQH GHVFKLV SUREOHPD YDORULORU OLPLW D FHORU GRL SDUDPHWUL DL UHJLPXOXL GH IUH]DUHYLWH]DSHULIHULFDWDPEXUXOXLúLDYDQVXOSHGLQWHGHRDUHFHDWkWFUHúWHUHDYLWH]HLSHULIHULFHFkWúLVFGHUHD DYDQVXOXL SH GLQWH vQ H[FHV JHQHUHD] IHQRPHQH FDUH SRW LQIOXHQ D vQ PRG QHJDWLYprocesul de frezare.
&RQWLQXDUHD GHWHUPLQULORU H[SHULPHQWDOH SHQWUX DGkQFLPL PDL PDUL GH PP VWDQGXOXWLOL]DWQHSHUPL kQGYDORULPDLPDULDWkWSHSUREHGLQPL[WXUDVIDOWLFFkWúLSHSUREHGLQEHWRQGHFLPHQWSUHFXPúLUHDOL]DUHDXQRUGHWHUPLQULin situYDGXFHvQYLLWRUODOUJLUHDGRPHQLXOXLGHGDWHSULYLWRDUHODUHJLPXOGHIUH]DUHDVWUDWXULORUvPEUFPLQ LORUUXWLHUH
CAPITOLUL 7 CONCLUZII FINALE Din analiza procedeelor existente pentru reabilitarea straturilor superioare ale sistemelor rutiere,
vQDQDOL]DUHDOL]DWvQFDSLWROXOUH]XOWRIUHFYHQ PDUHDXWLOL]ULLIUH]ULLODUHFHDVWUDWXULORU&DXUPDUHDDFHVWXLIDSWH[LVWúLXQQXPUUHODWLYPDUHGHWLSXULGHPDúLQLVSHFLDOL]DWHSHQWUXUHDOL]DUHDUHVSHFWLYHORU SURFHVH WHKQRORJLFH 3HQWUX UHDOL]DUHD XQRU PDúLQL FX SHUIRUPDQ H FRUHVSXQ]WRDUHXQRUH[LJHQ HULGLFDWHDWkWGLQSXQFWXOGHYHGHUHDOFDOLW LLRSHUD LLORUH[HFXWDWHDOSURGXFWLYLW LLúLDO FRQVXPXULORU HQHUJHWLFH HVWH QHFHVDU FXQRDúWHUHD SDUDPHWULORU WHKQRORJLFL úL FRQVWUXFWLYL DLDFHVWRUD SUHFXPúL LQIOXHQ D ORU vQSURFHVXO IUH]ULL $FHVW OXFUXHVWH vQPRG LQGLVROXELO OHJDWGHFXQRDúWHUHDSURSULHW LORUIL]LFR–PHFDQLFHDOHvPEUFPLQ LORUDVIDOWLFH 'LQDQDOL]DHIHFWXDWDúDFXPUH]XOWGLQFXSULQVXOFDSLWROXOXLOLWHUDWXUDGHVSHFLDOLWDWHúLactelH QRUPDWLYH H[LVWHQWH VH UHIHUD DSURDSH vQ H[FOXVLYLWDWH OD FRPSR]L LD úL SURSULHW LOH IL]LFR-
PHFDQLFHDOHPL[WXULORUúLvPEUFPLQ LORUDVIDOWLFHFDUHXUPHD]VILHSXVHvQRSHU
40
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42
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43
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47
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102. * * * &ROHF LDUHYLVWHL,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQVWUXFWLRQ, 1990–2004. 103. * * * Prospecte ale firmelor: Wirtgen GmbH, CMI Corporation,
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48
Anexe
RVúLRH pentru parametrii de frezare: RVúLRH pentru parametrii de frezare: vp =1,1m/s, va =0,016 m/s, h=10 mm. vp =1,1m/s, va =0,01 m/s, h=30 mm
RVúLRH pentru parametrii de frezare: RVúLRH pentru parametrii de frezare:. vp =1,1m/s, va = 0,01 m/s, h=10 mm vp =0,7m/s, va =0,008 m/s, h=20 mm..
Înregistrare de etalonare pentru canalele RVúLRHUHDOL]DWFXRPDVGHNJ VFDUDGHVHQVLELOLWDWHDSXQ LLWHQVRPHWULFHILLQGGHµm/m.