(saqartvelos istoria) ii nawili moswavlis...

eldar arabuli

irma talaxaZe

daviT berZeniSvili

rusudan kvikvinia

moswavlis rveuli

werilebi saqarTvelodan(saqarTvelos istoria)

II nawili

eldar arabuli, irma talaxaZe, daviT berZeniSvili, rusudan kvikvinia

werilebi saqarTvelodan

(saqarTvelos istoria II nawili)

moswavlis rveuli

redaqtorebi

lali baqraZe

lia TuSuri

solomon nozaZe

dizaini da dakabadoneba

ekaterine Toreli

garekanis dizaini

giorgi tabliaSvili

fotoebi

koba qenqaZe

giorgi bagrationi

© gamomcemloba `diogene~, 2011

yvela ufleba daculia

pirveli gamocema 2011

ISBN 978-9941-

gamomcemloba `diogene~

Tbilisi, andria afaqiZis q. 9

telefoni 221 33 21, tel./faqsi

www.diogene.ge

3

§ 1 qveyana, saxelad saqarTvelo

Tavi I qveyana, saxelad saqarTvelo

1. gviambe im qveynis Sesaxeb, romelSic cxovrob (sad mdebareobs, rogori bunebaa, vin cxovrobs, ras saqmianoben tradiciulad da a.S.).

2. Seni sityvebiT ganmarte:

samSoblo aris

istoria aris

3. gaaferade ruka. saxelebi daawere saqarTvelosa da mis mezobel qveynebs, zRvebs.

4

4. dawere, romel or zRvas gulisxmobs poeti striqonebSi: `or zRvas Sua ZvelisZvelad saomari iyo lelo ~...

5. daamTavre winadadebebi:

vaxuSti bagrationi iyo

man dawera

qarTlosi iyo

saqarTvelos `georgia~ uwodes, radgan

6. gadaxede suraTebs wignSi (gv. 9). dawere, ra aris qarTvelTa tradiciuli saqmianoba.

7. gamoiyene saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli ruka (gv. 9) da amowere saqarTvelos mezoblebi:

aRmosavleTis mxridan

dasavleTis mxridan

CrdiloeTis mxridan

samxreTis mxridan

8. wignSi mocemuli mosaxleobis rukis mixedviT (gv. 14) amowere, romeli erovnebebis adamianebi cxovroben saqarTveloSi (daalage zrdadobis mixedviT).

9. wignSi mocemuli naxazis mixedviT (gv.15) amowere saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi xalxebi. daalage raodenobrivi klebis mixedviT.

5

10. romel wels iyo saqarTvelos mosaxleoba yvelaze meti (gv. 16) yvelaze naklebi? (unda Seadaro feradi svetis simaRleebi).

11. matulobs Tu klebulobs saqarTvelos mosaxleoba?

12. daakavSire:

qristianoba musulmanoba

iudaizmi

meCeTisinagogaeklesia

1. daakvirdi rukas (saxelmZRvanelo gv. 21) da daasaxele sad aris aRmoCenili uZveles adamianTa nasaxlarebi.

2. Seni sityvebiT gadmoeci rogor cxovrobdnen uZvelesi adamianebi.

3. daasrule winadadebebi:

yorRani aris .......................................................................................................

bunebrivi borcvi da yorRani............................................................................

yorRans akeTebdnen Semdegnairad.....................................................................

uZveles yorRanebSi napovnia Semdegi nivTebi .................................................

§ 1 arqeologiuri memkvidreoba

Tavi II arqeologiuri memkvidreoba

6

Tavi III saqarTvelos kuTxeebi

7

1. qarTli mdebareobs

2. mas esazRvreba

3. qarTlis didi qalaqebia:

4. vaxuSti bagrationi qarTls ase axasiaTebs:

5. iakob gogebaSvili qarTlelebs ase axasiaTebs:

6. airCie erT-erTi suraTi da aRwere:

• mdinare mtkvris xeoba (gv 26.)

• Sida qarTlis vake da TrialeTis qedi (gv. 26)

7. qarTlis RirsSesaniSnaobebidan aRsaniSnavia:

a) sami ram rac yvelaze metad damamaxsovrda

§ 1 qarTli

8

b) ori adgili, romelsac siamovnebiT davaTvalierebdi.

g) erTi adgili, romlis Sesaxebac msurs giamboT

8. qarTlelTa yofa cxovrebisa da tradiciebis Sesaxeb Sevityve:

a) qarTlelTa sacxovrebeli warmoadgenda:

b) maTi tradiciuli samosi

9. gzamkvlevi turistTaTvis

ucxoel megobars davaTvalierebinebdi (CamoTvale 3 RirsSesaniSnaoba):

1.

2.

3.

es RirsSesaniSnaobani SevarCie, radgan:

1.

2.

3.

9

TiToeul maTganze vuambob:

RirsSesaniSnaoba 1.

RirsSesaniSnaoba 2.

RirsSesaniSnaoba 3.

saxelmZRvanelSi qarTlis rukaze fanqriT gaavle mogzaurobis marSruti. amowere dasaxlebuli punqtebi da RirsSesaniSnaobebi.

§ 2 kaxeTi

1. kaxeTi mdebareobs

2. mas esazRvreba

3. kaxeTis didi qalaqebia:

4. vaxuSti bagrationi kaxeTs ase axasiaTebs:

5. iakob gogebaSvili kaxelebs ase axasiaTebs:

10


• lagodexis nakrZali (gv 33.)

• SuamTis tye (gv. 33)

• yvarlis tye (gv. 33)

• yvarlis tba (gv. 33)

• alaznis veli (gv. 33)

7. kaxeTis RirsSesaniSnaobebidan aRsaniSnavia:

a) sami ram rac yvelaze metad damamaxsovrda



8. kaxelTa yofa cxovrebisa da tradiciebis Sesaxeb Sevityve:

a) kaxelTa sacxovrebeli warmoadgenda:

11


g) kaxuri samzareulos Sesaxeb SemiZlia giamboT Semdegi


ucxoel megobars davaTvalierebinebdi (CamoTvale 3 RirsSesaniSnaoba:

1.

2.

3.


1.

2.

3.


RirsSesaniSnaoba 1.

RirsSesaniSnaoba 2.

12

RirsSesaniSnaoba 3.

saxelmZRvanelSi kaxeTis rukaze fanqriT gaavle mogzaurobis marSruti. amowere dasaxlebuli punqtebi da RirsSesaniSnaobebi.

§ 3 aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTi

1. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTi mdebareobs

2. vaxuSti bagrationi mTiulT ase axasiaTebs:

3. iakob gogebaSvili aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis mcxovreblebs ase axasiaTebs:


• fasanauri (gv 40.)

• TuSeTis buneba (gv. 40)

• gudauri (gv. 40)

13

5. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis RirsSesaniSnaobebidan aRsaniSnavia:

a) sami ram, rac yvelaze metad damamaxsovrda



6. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTielTa yofa cxovrebisa da tradiciebis Sesaxeb Sevityve:

a) mTielTa sacxovrebeli warmoadgenda:


g) mTielTa samzareulos Sesaxeb SemiZlia giamboT Semdegi



14

1.

2.

3.


1.

2.

3.


RirsSesaniSnaoba 1.

RirsSesaniSnaoba 2.

RirsSesaniSnaoba 3.

saxelmZRvanelSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis fanqriT gaavle mog-zaurobis marSruti. amowere dasaxlebuli punqtebi da RirsSesaniSnaobebi.

§ 4 imereTi

1. imereTi mdebareobs

15

2. mas esazRvreba:

3. imereTis didi qalaqebia:

4. vaxuSti bagrationi imerlebs ase axasiaTebs:

5. iakob gogebaSvili imerlebs ase axasiaTebs:


• yumisTavis mRvime (gv 48.)

• saTaflias mRvime (gv 48.)

7. imereTis RirsSesaniSnaobebidan aRsaniSnavia:




16

8. imerelTa yofa cxovrebisa da tradiciebis Sesaxeb Sevityve:

a) imerelTa sacxovrebeli warmoadgenda:


g) imeruli samzareulos Sesaxeb SemiZlia giamboT Semdegi



1.

2.

3.


1.

2.

3.

17


RirsSesaniSnaoba 1.

RirsSesaniSnaoba 2.

RirsSesaniSnaoba 3.

saxelmZRvanelSi imereTis rukaze fanqriT gaavle mogzaurobis marSruti. amowere masze mdebare dasaxlebuli punqtebi da RirsSesaniSnaobebi.

§ 5 guria

1. guria mdebareobs

2. mas esazRvreba:

3. guriis didi qalaqebia:

4. vaxuSti bagrationi gurulebs ase axasiaTebs:

5. iakob gogebaSvili gurulebs ase axasiaTebs:

18


• baxmaro (gv 54.)

• ureki (gv 54.)

7. guriis RirsSesaniSnaobebidan aRsaniSnavia:




8. gurulTa yofa cxovrebisa da tradiciebis Sesaxeb Sevityve:

a) gurulTa sacxovrebeli warmoadgenda:


19

g) maTi samzareulos Sesaxeb SemiZlia giamboT Semdegi



1.

2.

3.


1.

2.

3.


RirsSesaniSnaoba 1.

RirsSesaniSnaoba 2.

RirsSesaniSnaoba 3.

saxelmZRvanelSi guriis rukaze fanqriT gaavle mogzaurobis marSruti. amowere dasaxlebuli punqtebi da RirsSesaniSnaobebi.

20

§ 6 samegrelo

1. samegrelo mdebareobs

2. mas esazRvreba:

3. samegrelos didi qalaqebia:

4. vaxuSti bagrationi megrelebs ase axasiaTebs:

5. iakob gogebaSvili megrelebs ase axasiaTebs:


• jvris wyalsacavi (gv. 60.)

• tobavarCxalis tba (gv. 60.)

• Waobi samegreloSi (gv. 60.)

• xeoba martvilSi (gv. 60.)

7. samegrelos RirsSesaniSnaobebidan aRsaniSnavia:


21



8. megrelebis yofa cxovrebisa da tradiciebis Sesaxeb Sevityve:

a) megrelebis sacxovrebeli warmoadgenda:


g) megruli samzareulos Sesaxeb SemiZlia giamboT Semdegi



1.

2.

3.


1.

2.

22

3.


RirsSesaniSnaoba 1.

RirsSesaniSnaoba 2.

RirsSesaniSnaoba 3.

saxelmZRvanelSi samegrelos rukaze fanqriT gaavle mogzaurobis marSruti. amowere dasaxlebuli punqtebi da RirsSesaniSnaobebi.

§ 7 svaneTi

1. svaneTi mdebareobs

2. mas esazRvreba:

3. vaxuSti bagrationi svanebs ase axasiaTebs:

4. iakob gogebaSvili svanebs ase axasiaTebs:

23


• uSba (gv. 65.)

• adiSis myinvari (gv. 65.)

• TeTnuldi (gv. 65.)

• Sxara (gv. 65.)

6. svaneTis RirsSesaniSnaobebidan damamaxsovrda:

7 . svanebis yofa cxovrebisa da tradiciebis Sesaxeb Sevityve:

§ 8 raWa-leCxumi

1. raWa-leCxumi mdebareobs

2. vaxuSti bagrationi raWvelebsa da leCxumelebs ase axasiaTebs:

4. iakob gogebaSvili raWvelebsa da leCxumelebs ase axasiaTebs:

24


• Saoris wyalsacavi (gv. 71.)

• Sovi (gv. 71.)

• xvamlis mTa (gv. 71)

6. raWa-leCxumis RirsSesaniSnaobebidan damamaxsovrda:

7 . raWvelebisa da leCxumelebis yofa cxovrebisa da tradiciebis Sesaxeb Sevityve:

§ 9 aWara

1. aWara mdebareobs

2. vaxuSti bagrationiaWarlebs ase axasiaTebs:

4. iakob gogebaSvili aWarlebs ase axasiaTebs:

25


• mwvane koncxi (gv. 77.)

• mwvane tba (gv. 77.)

• mtiralas nakrZali (gv. 77.)

6. aWaris RirsSesaniSnaobebidan damamaxsovrda:

7 .aWarlebis yofa cxovrebisa da tradiciebis Sesaxeb Sevityve:

§ 10 afxazeTi

1. afxazeTi mdebareobs

2. vaxuSti bagrationi afxazebs ase axasiaTebs:

26


• afxazeTis sanapiro (gv. 83)

• biWvinTa (gv. 83)

• riwis tba (gv. 83)

• gagra (gv. 83)

4. afxazeTis RirsSesaniSnaobebidan damamaxsovrda:

5 . afxazebis yofa cxovrebisa da tradiciebis Sesaxeb Sevityve:

§ 11 samcxe-javaxeTi

1. samcxe-javaxeTi mdebareobs


• terasebi samcxeSi (gv.90)

• samcxe-javaxeTis buneba (gv. 90)

27

4. samcxe-javaxeTis RirsSesaniSnaobebidan damamaxsovrda:

5 . samcxe-javaxeTis yofa cxovrebisa da tradiciebis Sesaxeb Sevityve:



1.

2.

3.


1.

2.

3.


RirsSesaniSnaoba 1.

28

RirsSesaniSnaoba 2.

RirsSesaniSnaoba 3.

Tavi IV kavkasiis SavizRvispireTi

§ 1 kavkasiis SavizRvispireTi, miTi da realoba

1. berZnebi Sav zRvas ase axasiaTebdnen:

2. argonavtebis miTi mogviTxrobs:

3. fanqriT gaxaze argonavtebis gza saberZneTidan kolxeTamde

4. dRes Sav zRvas saqarTvelosTvis udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs radgan

29

Tavi V furclebi istoriidan

§ 1farnavazi _ qarTlis samefos fuZemdebeli

1. gavixsenoT adre Seswavlili:

fanavazi iyo

erTxel man sizmari naxa

moulodnelad nadirobisas farnavazma ganZi ipova. es simdidre man moaxmara

farnavazma Semdegi reformebi gaatara:

§ 2 qarTuli damwerloba

1. qarTuli damwerloba Seiqmna

2. qarTuli damwerlobis saxeebia

§ 3 romaelebi saqarTveloSi

1. gamoiyene saxelmZRvanelo da teqstSi Casvi gamotovebuli sityvebi:

`igi (farsman qveli) iyo kaci keTili, uxvi da ... , taniT didi da ... , mamaci da mxne ..., uSiSari, viTarca ... da ukeTesi ... yvela mefeze, romlebic manamde ...”.

2. upasuxe kiTxvebs:

1. iberiis romeli mefe miiwvia TavisTan romis imperatorma adrianem?

2. riT upasuxa zemoxsenebulma mefem miwvevas? ----------------------------

3. sad daidga cxenze amxedrebuli farsmanis qandakeba? ------------------

4. vin uwoda farsmans qveli? ---------------------------------------------------

30

§ 4 qristianobis gavrceleba saqarTveloSi. wminda nino

1. qarTlis mefe, romelmac oficialur saxelmwifo religiad qristianoba gamoacxada, iyo ...................................................................................................

2. baTumTan axlos aris qristes mociqulis, ................................... saflavi;

3. mirian mefe da nana dedofali dakrZalulia ..............................................

4. ninos Sesaxeb SemiZlia giamboT:

§ 5 vaxtang gorgasali

1. Semoxaze swori pasuxi:vaxtang gorgasalis muzaradze gamosaxuli iyo:

a) mxolod mgeli;b) mxolod lomi;g) mgeli da vefxvi;d) lomic da mgelic;

2 Tbilisis damaarseblad iTvleba: a) vaxtang gorgasali;b) miriani;g) farnavazi;d) farsmani.

3. winadadebebSi saTanado adgilas Casvi CarCoSi mocemuli sityvebi:

Sveli, legenda, wyaroSi, nadirobis, gaqcevia

Tbilisis daarsebis Sesaxeb mravali ---------------- arsebobs. erTi variantiT, qarTvel mefes ---- dros ------- dauWria. is cxel ------------------- gafufqula da gankurnebuli -------------- monadireebs.

31

§ 6 murvan-yrus laSqrobebi saqarTveloSi

1. arabebi arian

2. arabebi qarTlSi pirvelad

3. murvan-yru iyo

4. murvan yrum saqarTveloSi...

§ 7 bagrat III gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos pirveli mefe

1. matiane bagrat III-is Sesaxeb gvamcnobs

2. bagrat IIII eklesiaTa mSenebelia, mis dros aigo

3. qarTvel mefeTa tituli bagrat III-is dros ase JRerda:

4. bagrat III-is damsaxureba qarTveli eris winaSe is aris, rom

32

§ 8 daviT aRmaSenebeli

1. upasuxe kiTxvebs:

• romel wels avida taxtze daviT aRmaSenebeli? ---------------

• ra mdgomareoba iyo am dros qveyanaSi

2. romeli monasteri aaSena daviTma quTaisTan axlos?

3. aRwere didgoris brZola.

4. Semoxaze swori pasuxi:

didgorTan gamarjvebam SesaZlebeli gaxada:

a) gelaTis akademiis daarseba;

b) imereTis samefos gaTavisufleba;

g) kaxeT-hereTis SemoerTeba;

d) saqarTvelos gaTavisufleba da gaerTianeba.

5. daviT aRmaSenebeli dakrZalulia:

a) bagratis taZarSi;

b) gelaTis monasterSi;

g) varZiaSi;

d) sveticxovelSi.

6. saxelmZRvanelodan amowereT winadadebebi, romlebic adastureben daviT

aRmaSeneblis:

• sibrZnes .......................................................................................................

• swavlismoyvareobas ...................................................................................

• simamaces ......................................................................................................

• Tavmdablobas ..............................................................................................

33

7. daviTma gaatara Semdegi reformebi

§ 9 Tamar mefe

1. winadadebebSi Cawere gamotovebuli sityvebi:

giorgi III-s --------------- ar hyavda. man gadawyvita, Tavisi qali _ Tamari

sicocxleSive --------------------- .

2. 1203 wels qarTvelTa laSqarma basianTan daamarcxa:

a) Temur lengi;

b) ruqnadini;

g) Sah-abasi;

d) jalaledini.


Tamar mefe:

a) dakrZalulia bagratis taZarSi;

b) dakrZalulia iyalTos monasterSi;

g) dakrZalulia varZiaSi;

d) misi saflavi ucnobia.

§ 10 giorgi V brwyinvale

1. moniSne marTebuli winadadebebi _ giorgi brwyinvalem

• monRolebi saqarTvelodan gandevna;

• moigo didgoris omi;

• aago sveticxoveli;

34

• monRolebma sikvdiliT dasajes;

• moWra `giorgauli TeTri~

• megobruli urTierToba daamyara egviptis sulTanTan;

• qarTvelma xalxma `brwyinvale~ uwoda.


monRolTa saxelmwifo Seqmna: a) giorgi brwyinvalem

b) Cingis yaenma

g) muhamedma

qarTvelebi cxenze amxedrebulni gaSlili droSebiT Sediodnen:

a) romSi;

b) konstantinopolSi;

g) ierusalimSi.

4. daakavSire

farsman brwyinvale

vaxtang Tavdadebuli

daviT qveli

giorgi aRmaSenebeli

demetre gorgasali

§ 11 saqarTvelo da Sah-abasi

1. Semoxaze:

Sah-abasi iyo:

a) kaxeTis mmarTveli;

b) arabi sardali;

g) imereTis mefe;

d) iranis mmarTveli;

2. qeTevan wamebulis Sesaxeb vici rom:

a) sastiki;

b) keTili;

g) boroti;

d) mrisxane;

35

§ 12 georgievskis traqtati. saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis gauqmeba

1. Semoxaze swori pasuxi:erekle II-m qarTl-kaxeTis samefos gadasarCenad molaparakeba daiwyo:

a) iranTan;b) osmaleTTan;g) ruseTTan;d) safrangeTTan.

2. waikiTxe teqsti, ipove da gaaswore Secdomebi.

erekle II-m icoda, rom ruseTs kavkasia ar ainteresebda. amitom man molaparakebebi daiwyo iranTan, rom am ukanasknels kaxeTi Tavisi mfarvelobis qveS mieRo. 1783 wels peterburgSi xeli moaweres traqtats, romlis ZaliTac mefe erekle taxtidan unda Camosuliyo.

Secdomaa unda iyos

3. waikiTxe winadadeba, ipove da gaaswore Secdomebi:

1795 wels Temur lengma gadawva da gaanadgura Telavi.

Secdomaa unda iyos

36


qarTl-kaxeTis ukanaskneli mefe iyo:

a) giorgi XII;

b) daviT IV;

b) erekle II;

g) vaxtang VI;

5. 1801 wlis manifestiT ruseTma:

a) uzrunvelyo saqarTvelos damoukidebloba;

b) taxtze aiyvana giorgi XII-is memkvidre;

g) SeierTa imereTis samefo;

d) qarTl-kaxeTis samefo ruseTis guberniad gamoacxada.

Tavi VI qarTveli eris brZola damoukideblobisaTvis

§ 1 saqarTvelo ruseTis imperiis pirispir

1. imperatorisaTvis gagazavnili Txovnis werilSi saubari iyo imis Sesaxeb rom:

2. camoayalibe sad moxda ajanyebebi?

3. ganmarte ras niSnavs

ajanyeba aris

SeTqmuleba aris

4. a) 1812 wlis ajanyebis Sesaxeb vici rom

37

b) 1832 wlis SeTqmulebis Sesaxeb vici rom

5. Semoxaze:

1832 wlis SeTqmulebaSi ar monawileobda

1. filadelfos kiknaZe 2. solomon dodaSvili

3. erekle mefe 4. dimitri erisTavi

6. daasrule winadadebebi:

ilia WavWavaZem da misma Tanamoazreebma:

a) daiwyes............................................... gamocema

b) gaxsnes................................................................

g) daafinanses Raribi ..........................................

7. Tergdaleulebs uwodeben:

§ 2 saqarTvelos damoukidebeli respublika


a) 9 maiss; g) 1 ianvars;

b)10 marts, d) 26 maiss.

2. saqarTvelos damoukidebeli respublikis meTauri iyo:

a) noe Jordania;

b) ilia WavWavaZe;

g) aleqsandre batoniSvili.

3. gadaiwereT wignidan:

axalgazrda qveyanam damoukideblobis gamocxadebidan or weliwadSi garkveul warmatebebs miaRwia:

38

§ 3 qarTvelebi msoflio omebSi

1. SemoxazeT:

mamacobisatvis oqros xmali miiRo saCuqrad:

a) qaquca ColoyaSvilma;

b) demetre Tavdadebulma;

g) konstantine leseliZem.

2. II msoflio omi daiwyo:

a) 1939 wels

b) 1941 weli

g) 1918 weli

3. daasruleT

a) inglisis premier ministri iyo ..................................................................

b) aSS-s prezidenti iyo ...................................................................................

g) sabWoTa kavSiris mtavrobis meTauri iyo ..................................................

§ 4 saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgena

1. waikiTxe saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli teqsti da mokled gadmoeci ras iTxovda qarTveli xalxi

2. ra moxda 9 aprils


rodis gamocxadda saqarTvelos damoukidebloba

a) 1991 wlis 9 aprils; g) 1989 wlis 2 aprils;

b) 2000 wlis 26 maiss; d) 2003 wlis 23 noembers.

39

Tavi VII saqarTveloSi...

§ 1 sportis tradiciuli saxeobebi

1. sportis ori tradiciuli saxeoba, romelic yvelaze metad momwons

2. sportis tradiciuli saxeoba, romelSic siamovnebiT vivarjiSebdi

§ 2. qarTveli mogzaurebi

1. Cawere ra mizniT mogzaurobdnen:

a) vaxuSti batoniSvili

b) grigol CaxruxaZe

g) sulxan-saba orbeliani

d) rafiel danibegaSvili

2. airCieT erT-erTi mogzauri da warmoidgine, rom Sen masTan erTad mogza-urob, dawere ori-sami nawyveti mogzauris dRiuridan:

§3. ori portreti

1. aRwereT ori literaturuli portreti:

portreti I: grigol xanZTeli

40

portreti II: ambrosi xelaia

§4. saqarTvelo dRes

1. yuradRebiT gaecani paragrafs moiZie damatebiTi masalebi da dawere:saqarTvelos eklesia dRes, romelSic aRwer ra roli ekisreba eklesias Tanamedrove saqarTvelos cxovrebaSi.

2. fotokolaJis mixedviT dawere Txzuleba `saqarTvelo dRes~, romelSic isaubreb saqarTvelos Tanamedrove miRwevebze.

(saqartvelos istoria) ii nawili moswavlis...

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