Modelul Egan

Etapa întâi: de faţă - în cazul în care vă aflaţi acum la 1. Ajuta-l pe clientul spun povestea lor (solicitări, ascultarea activă, întrebări deschise, Soler). 2. Ajutor de pauza prin orice client unghiurile moarte (reflecţie utilizare). 3. Ajutor de client găsi problema dreptului / oportunitatea de a lucra pe (prioritizare).

Etapa a doua: preferate - în cazul în care doriţi să fiţi 1. Ajuta-l pe client şi folosească imaginaţia să prezinte posibilităţile (discuţie şi de a explora punctele lor de vedere). 2. Ajuta-l pe clientul a ales sa obiective realiste şi provocatoare (planul de acţiune). 3. Ajuta-l pe client să găsească stimulente care va va ajuta cu angajament (ceea ce vor ieşi din ea).

Etapa a treia: Strategii - Cum ai de gând pentru a obţine în cazul în care doriţi să fie? 1. Ajuta-l pe client găsi acţiuni posibile (de sincronizare). 2. Ajuta clientul pentru a găsi cele mai bune strategii de formă (ceea ce va lucra pentru client). 3. Ajuta-l pe client să elaboreze un plan de acţiune.

Stage One: The present – where you are at now 1. Help the client tell their story (prompts, active listening, open questions, SOLER). 2. Help the client break through any blind spots (use reflection). 3. Help the client find the right problem/opportunity to work on (prioritise).

Stage Two: Preferred – where you want to be 1. Help the client use their imagination to spell out possibilities (question and explore their views). 2. Help the client chose realistic and challenging goals (action plan). 3. Help the client to find incentives that will help with commitment (what they will get out of it).

Stage Three: Strategies – How are you going to get where you want to be? 1. Help the client find possible actions (timing). 2. Help the client to find best fit strategies (what will work for the client). 3. Help the client to draft an action plan.

Egan's skilled helper model

This is a model used a lot in counselling or coaching situations where the object is to achieve lasting change and to empower people to manage their own problems more effectively and develop unused opportunities more fully . 1 As much of a personal tutor's role is to help students help themselves, this is a particularly useful framework.

The model has three stages which can be summarized as

Exploration - What is going on?

Challenging - What do I want instead?

How might I achieve what I want?

Stage 1: Exploration

The first task is to find out your tutee's story about what is happening in their own words and then to reflect it back to them, without judgement. This involves:

Attention giving - positive body language, eye contact, etc.

Active listening - learning forward, nodding, focusing on what is being said not what you plan to say in response.

Acceptance and empathy - it is vital to detach from your judgement about what you are being told. Keep your views to yourself if want to find out what's really going on. Nobody opens up in a situation where they feel judged.

Paraphrasing and summarizing - to check your own understanding of what has been said.

Focusing - which of the issues discussed seems the most important to the student? Reflecting feelings - help students to uncover blind spots or gaps in their perceptions and assessment of the situation. Useful questions: Is there anything you've overlooked? Any other way of looking at it?

Questioning - useful questions are: How did you feel about that? What were you thinking? What was that like? What else is there about that?

For some people, this is enough. Reflecting and clarifying makes the way forward obvious. However, when upset or confronted, it is often difficult to see things clearly and find one's own way out of the mire. The skilled helper can assist in identifying the blind spots, motes in eye, misperceptions.Hence stage two.

Stage 2: Challenging

This stage involves challenging existing views - one issue at a time. Encourage the student to think about whether there is another way of looking at the issue. Some useful questions to do this are:

What might this look like from another person's point of view?

What in particular about this is a problem for you?

If you were describing someone else in this situation, how would you describe them?

What does s/he think/feel?

Goal setting - this is where you seek to move the person forward from being stuck,by identifying an area in which progress can be made.

Stage 3: Action Planning

Useful questions here include:

What are the possible ways forward in this situation?

What of these feel best for you?

What will you achieve if you do this?

What will you do first and by when?

Your goal is to turn good intentions into actual results, so it is important to help your tutee to set realistic, practical and achievable targets. Make sure the targets are specific and measurable so the student can know they have been achieved. Agree a time period. Students may find some of the activity documents on the PDP webpages useful for this purpose.

Always follow up at next meeting - did the student do what they said they were going to? Do not judge if they haven't achieved the goal, but remind them why they committed themselves to it when you spoke before.