engleza master comert 2014

8/10/2019 Engleza Master Comert 2014

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I. USEFUL LANGUAGE IN BUSINESS

1. Translate the following sentences into Romanian:

1. He is an auditor as his job is to examine the financial records of companies or

business organizations.

2. Every year the shareholders take part in the General Annual Meeting where the

annual report is presented.

3. hich is the first item on the agenda in today!s meeting"

#. Each year the shareholders are sent the company!s balance sheet that shows if the

company has been profitable or not.

$. %he Board of Directors is presided by a &hairman.

6. %he economic crisis may lead to the bankruptcy of many small and medium-sized

companies.

'. %he shareholders will have to accept a takeoerbid.

(. )ncreasing ta!ation further will have bad effects for small companies.

*. %he "harteris an official document describing the aims+ rights and principles of an

organization.

,-. He has never been employed but he has been working as a freelancerfor five years.

,,. public company!s shares can be bought on the #tock $!change

,2. %he /apanese shareholdersown 0-1 percent of this company.

,3. %he owner of a sole proprietorshipor oneman business incurs all the debtsof the

company.

,#. ur company has just opened a new subsidiaryin 4atin merica.

,$. %he sleeping partner invests money in a business but does not take part in its

management.

,0. %his merger will create the biggest airline company in our country.

,'. Hollandis a country with high levels of bike o%nership.

,(. hat is your company!s annual turnoer&


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1'. )n a limited partnership the owners are responsible for a limited amount of the

company!s debts.

(). %he notification will be sent to all employees within two weeks.

a!itor

accontant"certi#e! accontant

Sharehol!er B.E$"stoc%hol!er&A.E.$

sta%ehol!er"sta%e

Shares"stoc%s

Balance sheet"assets an! lia'ilities

To go 'an%r(t"'an%r(tc)

A faile! com(an)

To ta%e o*er"ta%eo*er

To merge"merger

Bi!"'i!!er

Bi! +'a!e , 'i!!en"for'i! +for'a!e +for'i!!en

action

Ta-es

Ta-ation

Fee + tition fee &!octor !entist law)er$

To incr !e'ts"losses"e-(enses

Fare"air fare 's fare

fair" tra!e fair

Stoc% /ar%et" 0ommo!it) mar%et"0ommo!it) E-change"Stoc% e-change

Self,em(lo)e!"freelancer

ri*ate com(an)"('lic com(an)

E2it)

To notif)"noti#cation


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To em(lo)"to hire"to ta%e on sta3

Em(lo)er"em(lo)ee

Em(lo)ment"wor%"la'or nem(lo)ment"la'or laws

To 'e nem(lo)e!"to 'e 4o'less"to 'e ot of wor%

To #re"to gi*e the sac%"to !ismiss

To ma%e re!n!ant" to la) o3

La'or laws

La'or mar%et

A (ri*ate com(an) can go ('lic if it is liste! on the Stoc% E-change.

5. Translate into English:

1. Bursa de valori joaca un rol esential in lumea afacerilor in zilele noastre.

5. The Stock Exchange plays a vital role in to!a)6s 'usiness world.

7. Toate problemele importante vor incluse pe ordinea de zi.

8. !ll the important items will be included on the agen!a.

9. "omitetul director se va intruni nu mai tarziu de #$ aprilie a.c.

. The Boar! of ;irectorswill meet no later than #$th !pril


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17. ,ezultatele lialei noastre din !sia sunt incurajatoare datorita

cresterii venitului net cu -/ fata de anul anterior.

18. The results of our !sian s'si!iar)are encouraging due to the

increase inthe net income by-/ compared to the previous year.

19. "ifra de afaceri a companiei petroliere s+a triplat anul acesta.

1. The oil company trno*erhas trebled this year.

1. !ctivele unei companii constau in cladiri2 terenuri si utilaje.

5?. The assetsof a company consist in buildings2 elds and e(uipment.

51. 3ai multe rme mici pot da faliment din cauza crizei economice.

55. Several small companies can go 'an%r(t due to the economic

crisis.

57. %roturile inaintea impozitarii obtinute de compania suedeza au

crescut anul acesta datorita masurilor luate de partenerul strain.

58. %rots before ta-ation obtained by the Swedish company have

grown this year due to the ste(s ta%enby the foreign partner.

59. *nele companii straine au dreptul la scutiri de taxe considerabile.

5. Some foreign companies are entitled to considerable ta-

e-em(tion

5. "osturile de exploatare au scazut anul acesta cu #$/ fata de anul

trecut.

7?. The operation costs have decreased this year ') 19compared to

the previous year.

4owadays'in zilele noastre


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To be exempt from'a scutit de

7. Translate into English:

#. )maginea noastra de marca se imbunatateste in continuu.

-. 5ur brand image keeps improving.6. 3ai devreme sau mai tarziu va trebui sa abandonam acest produs. "u catmai devreme cu atat mai bine.

7. Sooner or later we8ll have to give up this product. The sooner the better.$. Studiul motivatiei nu a fost foarte concludent.9. The motivation study was not very clear.:. "a agent exclusiv2 el ar trebui sa se intereseze mai mult de noile noastre

produse.;. !s an exclusive agent he should take more interest in our latest products.


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-6.4e+am indeplinit obiectivul >de plan?.-7.)n total2 concurentii nostri par sa aiba un mic avantaj.

5ur competitors

-$.Sunt prea multi intermediari intre clienti si noi.middlemen

-9.4e aAam in fata unei probleme de reaprovizionare.To buyto purchase'Buyerpurchaser

-:.!r trebui sa tinem mai strans legatura cu distributorii nostri si sa+iinformam mai temeinic.

-;.*soara crestere de preturi nu pare sa incetinit vanzarile.)ncrease in

-de produse? este prea redusa pentru a ne asigura o pozitiedominanta pe piata.'leading position

,ange of products

To assure'to ensure

This course will ensure you a better job.

) want to ensure my son a better life.

To insure'insurance

Cuality assurance

CDhave'hasDSD6

Fow longhas%eter beenthe "E5G

"E5"hief Executive 5Hcer

Fow long has your company had the same logo

to haveto possessto own

to owe money

Fow long have you own Telekom sharesG

Fow long have you known !.

Fow long have you lived in this townG

7. Translate into EnglishI

3arfurile pot vandute direct de la (ro!catorsau de la fa'ricant catreconsumatori. &ar in general serviciile unui interme!iarJ sau angrosistcum este numit J sunt necesare. El dispune de mi4loace !e stocare si!e(o@itarepe care un detailist obisnuit nu si le poate permite. El vinde o

gama considerabila de marfuri si poate sa acorde conditii de creditareavantajoase.jk


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anzarea catre marele public poate facuta prin comis,*oia4orisau princoman!a (rin (osta. &ar cea mai mare parte a oamenilor isi faccumparaturile2 de obicei2 in maga@ine !e !esfacere c amanntl2cum ar supermarket+urile amplasate la periferia oraselor2 magazinele inretea sau la pravalia din colt. Si asociatiile cooperatiste pot detine si

exploata retele !e comerciali@are c amanntl. )ntr+un supermagazin sau n maga@in c atoser*ire2 cumparatorii se

pot servi de pe raftri si te4ghelesi isi transporta cm(aratrileintr+uncarcior. Ei platesc la (nctl !e control si (latade la iesirea dinmagazin2 care a inlocuit traditionala casa !e (lata.

!stazi tendinta in randul detailistilor independenti este de a forma asociatii

voluntare capabile sa lupte impotriva concurentei marilor magazine custocuri si suprafete comerciale extinse.

)ndiferent de modul de vanzare2 normele privind a#sarea (retrilor2etichetarea marfrilorsi indicarea continutului real al cutiilor deconserve si al ambalajeor de alt tip tind sa e tot mai drastice2 subpresiunea asociatiilor de consumatori2 al caror putere este in crestere.

3arfurile pot vandute direct de la producator sau de la fabricant catre

consumatori. &ar in general serviciile unui intermediar J sau angrosist cumeste numit J sunt necesare. El dispune de mijloace de stocare si depozitarepe care un detailist obisnuit nu si le poate permite. El vinde o gamaconsiderabila de marfuri si poate sa acorde conditii de creditareavantajoase.

The goods can be sold directly from the producer or manufacturer to the

consumers. But in general the services of a mi!!leman or wholesaler+ as

he is called J are necessary. Fe has storage and warehouse means which a

common retailer cannot aKord.

1holesale J wholesaler

,etail J retailer

Fe sells a wi!e range of goo!sand he can grantadvantageous crediting

terms.

To grant a credit'a loan

anzarea catre marele public poate facuta prin comis+voiajori sau prin

comanda prin posta. &ar cea mai mare parte a oamenilor isi faccumparaturile2 de obicei2 in magazine de desfacere cu amanuntul2 cum ar supermagazinele amplasate la periferia oraselor2 magazinele in retea saula pravalia din colt. Si asociatiile cooperatiste pot detine si exploata retelede comercializare cu amanuntul.

The sale to the great public can be done'performed through door+to+door

salesmenor through mail or!er. But most people usually do their shopping

in retail otletssuch as the supermarkets located in the outskirts of the city2

chain storesor at the corner shop.

The cooperative associations can also own and o(erateretail networks.


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)ntr+un supermagazin sau un magazin cu autoservire2 cumparatorii se potservi de pe rafturi si tejghele si isi transporta cumparaturile intr+uncarucior. Ei platesc la punctul de control de la iesirea din magazin2 care ainlocuit traditionala casa de plata.

)n a supermarket or in a self,se*ice sho(2 the ')ers"(rchaserscan

help themselves from the shel*es an! contersand they carry theirshopping in a trolley.They pay at the chec%,ot (ointwhich has replacedthe traditional cash!es%.

!stazi tendinta in randul detailistilor independenti este de a forma asociatii

voluntare capabile sa lupte impotriva concurentei marilor magazine custocuri si suprafete comerciale extinse.

4owadays the trend among independent retailers is to form volunteering

associations capable to ght against the great stocked2 extended shopscompetition.

)ndiferent demodul de vanzare2 normele privind asarea preturilor2

etichetarea marfurilor si indicarea continutului real al cutiilor de conservesi al ambalajeor de alt tip tind sa e tot mai drastice2 sub presiuneaasociatiilor de consumatori2 a caror putere este in crestere.

4o matter the way of selling2 the regulations concerning the (rice listing2

the goo!s la'ellingand the indication of the real contents of cans"tinsand

of other types of (ac%agingtend to be more and more severe2 under the

pressure of the consumer associations whose power is increasing.'irrespective

of

9. /a%e the famil) wor!s starting from the following:

0/ETITICE to com(ete

com(etition

com(etitor" #erce com(etiti*eness

0NSU/ER to consme

consming &time consming$

consm(tion"consmer societ)

INCEST/ENT to in*est

in*estor


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LEA;ERSDI to lea!,le!,le!

lea!er

lea!ing (ro!ct

R;U0TIN to (ro!ce"manfactre

ro!cer"manfactrer

(ro!ct

SULIER to s((l)

s((l) &an! !eman!$

BENEFI0IAR to 'ene#t"'ene#cial

A;CERTISING to a!*ertise

a!*ertisement &a!$"to (lace an a!

/ANAGE/ENT to manage

manager + managerial

**. $-mails and fa!es


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5any companies do business with vendors and other clients by using a large amount of paper.

%hey will write up an invoice on paper and even send physical billing statements to their

clients. )nstead of doing this+ you can set up an online system to take care of this process.

5any companies are now going to online order processing systems that can avoid using paper

in most cases. %his is especially applicable if you are an online retailer. 6ou can set up a

system where clients can make purchases from your website and they will be able to receive

an emailed receipt or statement. 7y doing this+ you will be able to eliminate the majority of

the paper that you consume every year. )t is cheaper and more effective than verbal

conversation when passing technical information. )f you need to get feedback as you

communicate+ then you can employ the use of instant messenger e.g. 6ahoo 5essenger. %his

is very cheap and as effective a phone call. )f you are not comfortable typing+ you can make a

8& to 8& call using 9:68 or a similar online facility.

;etail


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The characteristics of one email

5ne email should contain several parts such as: subject line,

opening, introducing subject of the mail, necessary clarifying

points, body of the mail and of coursethe closing.

1.The subject line

)t is important to write a short and clear subject line as when

the people look for old emails in their folders they must nd

them easily and (uickly

Example:Notice a'ot the change! (rices of AB0

com(an)

2. Opening

)n diKerent situations you can begin with Hi/Hello + rst name

or no name at all J starting the message immediately.

Examples of starting messagesI

Happy to meet you yesterday.

It was nice to encounter you last week.

Hope youre well.

3.Introducing the subject o the email

5f course follows the reason for writing. Especially when you

are replying to another8s person email. %hrases you can sayI

Thank you or your last email asking or inormation !!

Thank you or your decision. "orry or the delay in

answering back to you sooner!

#urther to your call.........

#ollowing our call rom $onday!..

%egarding&'bout our call!!.


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1hen you need it helps to establish a context mentioning the

name of a third party who you both knowI

I was gien your email address by !r. "mith at #oogle

$etwor%s.

I understand from !rs. &opper'eld that(.

I receied your email address from your #eneral !anager

yesterday(..

!lso if there is no previous context we can begin simply withI

)ust a short resume as I promised you two days ago(.

I*m writing about our meeting (..

(. )lariying

)f you don8t understand what the other person wants2 needs or

is talking about your rst response is to make things clear.

I understand that you want me to help you to buy this

company cheaper. Is this right*

're you saying that you want to e+tend your business*

Thank you or your email, but Im not sure what action

you want me to take. )an you please clariy*

-. ody o email

There can be diKerent phrases according to needs such asI

asking or action&help, asking or inormation, gi/ing

news, o0ering action&help, apologiing, promising

action, suggesting action, gi/ing inormation, attaching

a document, etc.

a 'sking or action&help

&ould you( &ould you do me a faour

!any than%s I*d really appreciate your help on this matter.

b 'sking or inormation


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I*d li%e to %now if it is possible to(.I particular(.

&ould you/-lease send me urgently(..

I need as soon as possible(..

c i/ing news

I hae some excellent news. ou*ll be happy to hear that(.

ad news0 1nfortunately we lost our money yesterday(

d O0ering action&help

2o you want me to help you in this problem

"hall I call the an%

"hall I do anything else to help you

e 'pologiing

I*ll ma%e sure it doesn*t happen again.

"orry about(.. It was my fault entirely.

I apologi3e for my last action(

4romising action

I*ll loo% into it.

I*ll try to discoer the facts(

I*ll chase it up to discoer the truth.

I*ll 'nd out what is being done to our company by our partners.

g "uggesting action

-erhaps you could ((

4e might also need help( 4hat is your opinion

How about(..

5et me %now what you thin%.


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h i/ing inormation

Hae a loo% at the 'gures. 6hen please send me bac% again an

email with your opinion.

7eferring the info you wanted here is what I found(

I*e spo%en to !r. "mith( and he says that the company will

agree with(..

i 'ttaching a document

-lease 'nd attached( &ould you hae a loo% and let me %now

what is your opinion I*d be happy for any answer.

5. )losing

3ake a reference to the future contactI

"ee you at the next meeting0

5et*s tal% soon.

I*ll be in touch soon.

I*ll gie you a call sometimes in two days.

)f appropriate2 show your availability for helping your clientI

-lease contact me again if you need more speci'c details.

If you need any help, just let me %now.

The nal line can be written like thisI

est wishes/est regards/8ind regards + your name or just your

rst name.

INTERNET /ESSAGE 1

0,53I @ordon Smith ToI 3ichel Bordas2 Executive &irector


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SentI -$ !pril -#7

SubjectI isit to 0rance

3essageI

)8ve booked your Aight to 0rance. Nou8re leaving on

3onday -$th at ;. in the morning2 so you8ll arrive in %aris

before lunch. 3y secretary will be at the airport with a car to

meet you. She will drive you to your hotel to have your

breakfast and to accommodate. Nour rst meeting is with 3r.

0rancois @abin2 @eneral 3anager2 and you are seeing him at #

pm at our local oHce. Fe8ll take you out to lunch. )t will be a

business lunch. !fter lunch you aren8t doing anything until 9

pm2 so you8ll have time to rest to the hotel. Nou are staying at

the Filton Fotel2 which is in a very fancy location2 near the

=ouvre 3useum. )8m going to the travel agents to pick up the

tickets this morning2 so )8ll send them to you tomorrow.

Best regards2

@ordon Smith

INTERNET /ESSAGE 5

0,53I Tony Simpson ToI Eric &ubois2 "hief

3arketing5Hcer

SentI -- 3ay -#7

SubjectI %reparation for the ersailles )nternational 0air + 0rance

3essageI


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contract is duly signed. %lease send the great news to all our

partners to prepare themselves to produce large (uantities of

our medicine. ) thank you in advance.

Best regards2

Brad "hurchill

INTERNET /ESSAGE 8

riting tas%I Fere is an answer to Pirk 3onroe8s email askingfor some names and titles as well as for some more photos.

)magine a situation and write the initial email.

0,53I Barbara "ooper ToI Pirk 3onroe 2 1ebmaster

&eveloper &esigner

SentI < Ouly -#7

SubjectI %reparing the new website with )nternational 1eb

"ompany

3essageI

&ear Sir2

Thank you for your email of Ouly #st-#7 and sorry for not

getting back to you.

Fere ) send you the names and the titles of everyone who will

be on the renewed web site of our company. !lso ) send you

now in the attachment more new photos with our new

products. %lease enclose them in the presentation site you

design for us. )t8s important to meet us next 3onday so as to

analyze your work and decide if any other modications are

necessary. )f you re(uire any other supplementary information

please do not hesitate to contact me.

Best regards2


18/55

Barbara "ooper

INTERNET /ESSAGE 9

0,53I 3ira 3elisse ToI %ierre @audard2 Technical &irector

SentI #7 3arch -#7

SubjectI isit to Slovenia

3essageI

)8ve booked your Aight to Slovenia. Nou8re leaving on

Tuesday 6rdat ;.7$ in the morning2 so you8ll arrive in =jubljana

before lunch. Someone will be at the airport to meet you. Nour

rst meeting is with !leksander %resekar2 and you are seeing

him at # pm at our local oHce. Fe8ll take you out to lunch. !fter

lunch you aren8t doing anything until 7 pm2 so you8ll have time

to go to the hotel. Nou are staying at the )ntercontinental2 which

is in a very central location. )8m going to the travel agents to

pick up the tickets this afternoon2 so )8ll give them to you

tomorrow.

Stimate domnule Smith2

+am rezervat deja zborul pentru =ondra. %lecati miercuri

dimineata la ora :.6 asa ca veti ajunge la =ondra inainte depranz. eti intampinat la aeroprt de unul dintre colegii nostri

din compania londoneza. %rima intalnire va cu directorul

general si il veti vedea la ora #- in sediul central al companiei.

eti lua pranzul impreuna. &upa pranza veti avea cateva ore

libere asa ca puteti sa mergeti la hotel sa va odihniti sau puteti

iesi la o plimbare in centrul =ondrei. Fotelul va intr+o locatie

centrala2 la un sfert de ora de mers pe jos de Fyde park. oi

merge la agentie sa ridic biletele in seara aceasta si vi le voitrimite maine dimineata.


19/55

&ear Sir2

) have already booked'reserved your Aight for =ondon. Nou are

leaving on 1ednesday morning at :I6 so wou will arrive in

=ondon before noon'lunch.

Nou will be met at the airport by one of our colleagues from the

=ondonese company.

5ne of our colleagues from the company will meet you at the

airport.

Nou will rst meet the "E5 and you will see him at the

company head(uarters at #- o8clock. Fe will take you out to

lunch. !fter that you will have a few free hours so you can go to

the hotel for a rest or you can go out for a walk in the center of

=ondon. the hotel will be in a central location2 within a (uarter

of an hour8s walk from the F. %. ) am going to the travel agency

to pick up the tickets this evening and ) will send them to you

tomorrow morning.

INTERNET /ESSAGE

0,53I Oohn &awn ToI "atherine =aval2 Technical &irector

SentI #7 3arch -#7

SubjectI isit to =ondon

3essageI

)8ve booked your Aight to =ondon. Nou8re leaving on

3onday $that


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very central location. )8m going to the travel agents to pick up

the tickets this afternoon2 so )8ll give them to you tomorrow.

INTERNET /ESSAGE :? draw up >think about then write? a

list of all our Spanish customers by >;? looking through

>examining? our customer accounts databaseG )8d like to

know exactly who ) need to >


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thank her for the message apologize2 and explain that you will have to change the

arrangement >give a reason? suggest a new date

apologize again end the message appropriately.

/EETING NEHT EE

%67 $66TI8 869T :66;

) just wanted to confirm the arrangements we made for next week. )!ll be arriving at

%erminal 2+ and my flight should arrive at ,,.#$+ but it may be later because there

may be a strike by the air traffic controllers. ) hope to be at your office at around

,3.3-. ?on!t worry about organizing any food+ as )!ll have eaten on the plane. )!d begrateful if you could send me an agenda for the meeting @particularly information

sharing and decisionmakingA before ) leave so that ) can bring with me any

documents that might be useful. ell+ ) think that!s everything+ and ) look forward to

seeing you on %uesday.

est regards, 'nne "mith

FAH TRANS/ISSIN

0romQQQQQQQ.. %age # ofQQQQQ

ToQQQQQQQQ.. &ateQQQQQQQ

0or the attention ofQQ To fax noQQQQQ

0rom fax noQQQQ

3essage

a? rooms hotel ) to some would like reserve at your

b? in #$ !ugust. 1e on !lbena are arriving

c? ten hope stay to 1e for nights leaving -$ !ugust on

d? and husband like room ) 3y double balcony a would with

preferably a


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e? re(uire 5ur a two teenage daughters twin room

f? are all en+suite that 1e understand your bedrooms

g? you this conrm "ouldG

h? a sea view possible )s have it room to with aG

i? available if me let you %lease for know dates these rooms have

j? grateful if ) be would also me you could tell room each price the

of

k? from ) forward look you to hearing

3essage

I wol! li%e to reser*e some rooms at )or hotel. e arearri*ing in aris on 5= l). e ho(e to sta) for tennights lea*ing on 5< l). /) hs'an! an! I wol! li%e a!o'le room (refera'l) with a 'alcon). r two teenage!aghters re2ire a twin room. e n!erstan! that all)or 'e!rooms are en,site. 0ol! )o con#rm thisJlease let me %now if )o ha*e rooms a*aila'le for these

!ates. I wol! also 'e gratefl if )o col! tell me the(rice of each room. I loo% forwar! to hearing from )o.

***. ,seful language Discourse markers in %riting

o begin %ith/ As far as * am concerned/ *n my opinion/ * think/ * beliee

+irst of all0+irstly/ #econdly/ hirdly/ +inally/

*n addition to/ Besides/ Moreoer/ +urthermore/ hat is more

Along %ith/ As %ell as/

Apart from/ e!cept for

2ike%ise/ $3ually/

4o%eer/ 5eertheless/ 5onetheless/ et/

7n the one hand/ 7n the other hand/


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As regards/ 8egarding/ "oncerning/ ith reference to

+or e!ample/ +or instance/ #uch as/ 0e.g.0i.e.

$specially/ *n particular

Actually/ *n fact/ As a matter of fact/

7n the %hole/ *n general

Although0though/

$en if0though/

Despite/ *n spite of

7erall/ All in all/ *n conclusion/ o conclude/ o sum up/ *n summary

Briefly

hus/ herefore/ "onse3uently/ As a result

7ther%ise

e.g.9e!emplae gratie

i.e.9id est

to a((oint: De was a((ointe! (rime minister.

fortnatel)"nfortnatel)

moving on to

in the endnallyeventually

at the end of the road

)n the rst

)n factas a matteractually

as regards'regarding'concerning'as far as concerned

!s far as ) am concerned

!s far as robotics is concerned


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!s far as our company is concerned

for instance'for example'such as.e.g.'i.e.

5n the whole'in general'overall'all in all'generally speaking

5bviously'"learly

it8s obvious

)n addition'Besides'3oreover'0urthermore

because of this'due to the fact that

owing to

as a result

Fowever'nevertheless'nonetheless'yet

Net2 he is my best friend.

The taxi hasn8t arrived yet.

)n short'brieAy'in summary

apart from'except for

despite the fact that'in spite ofthe fact that

in the end'nally'eventually

) mean'or rather

especially'in particular

*:. 57,5# ;


26/55

focus on reference to

information about responsibility for

insistence on wait for

awareness of opposition to

certainty about optimism aboutdisappointment with pessimism about

doubt about preparation for

excitement about satisfaction with

fear of similarity to

interest in suitability for

involvement in worry about

C. BUSINESS LETTER RITING

. :riting usiness


27/55

with canned impersonal letters. 7ut also donBt be too informal. void using colloCuial

language or slang such as Dyou knowD or D) meanD or DwannaD.

)f you start your letter with =Dear #ir0dear Madam>/ you will finish it with=ours

faithfully>

)f you start your letter with =Dear Mr.0Mrs.0Miss0Ms. #mith>/ you will finish it with =ours

sincerely>.

Be concise and to the point

hen writing a business letter+ explain your position in as few words as possible. 9pell out

what you can and what they need to do. se clear and easy to understand language so that any

misunderstanding can be minimized. %hink before you write. sk yourself why you are

writing" hat is it that you want to achieve" se this $ step process>

#. =ist out the topics you want to cover. &o not worry about the order.

-. )n each topic2 list keywords2 examples2 arguments and facts.

6. ,eview each topic in your outline for relevance to your aim and audience.

7. "ut out anything thatLs not relevant.

$. Sort the information into the best order for your readers.

Be friendly/ build the relationship

?onBt use cold+ formal language. 9ome people have the perception that when writing business

letters+ they must use big words. %o them this is a sign of literacy. 9ome Bbig wordsB have no

substitute+ but do use the word correctly. 6ou want the reader to feel like they are reading a

letter from someone who cares.

$mphasize the positie

#. Talk about what you can do not what you canLt. 0or example2 if a product isout of stock2 donLt tell the customer you are unable to ll the order.)nstead2 tell them the product is very popular and you have sold out. Thentell them when you can get the order to them.

-. Stay away from negative words..

Be


28/55

lways make sure you are ,--1 correct in spelling+ grammar and facts. se the spelling and

grammar checker from your word processor. )f you are not very good or need more help+ get

someone to edit the letter.

B8**#4 B,#*5$## 2$$8

ETER SI/SN K 0 LT;

#; East ,oad2 Tottenham2 =ondon 4#- 51=2 England

TelephoneI ;#+;9$+;-7 TelexI 67$-# 0axI ;#+;9$+:9$

or ref.B4'3&

r ref.ST'O1

#- 0ebruary -#7

3r. &avid 1oodward

Fead Buyer

SmithR"rawford =td.

- "hester ,oad

B),3)4@F!3 B-# 3"C

!ttn. %urchasing &epartment

&ear Sir2

,EI &E=)E,N &!TES

Thank you for your letter of 0ebruary #st with your order no. -6:97.

1e are very sorry that there have been problems with deliveries in recent

months and we shall do our utmost to let you have your latest order by the

end of the week.

1e have enclosed our new catalogue and price list. )f you re(uire any further

information about our new series of products please do not hesitate to contact

us.

Nours faithfully2

Signature

S 3 &ickson

!ssistant "ommercial 3anager


29/55

BRITISD BUSINESS LETTER &fll) 'loc%e!$

# =ETTE,FE!&

4!3E

!&&,ESS

TE=E%F54E

Telex'0ax'Email

%.5. Box post oHce' mail box number

-. ,E0E,E4"E =)4E>your ref. ' 5ur ref.?

6. &!TE I #: !pril -#7

7. 4!3E !4& !&&,ESS 50 TFE !&&,ESSEE >)4S)&E !&&,ESS?

T)T=E I 3r' 3rs' 3iss'3s

3essrs.

%5S)T)54 )4 TFE "53%!4N

4!3E 50 TFE "53%!4N >4!3E 50 B*)=&)4@?

4*3BE, !4& ST,EET

T514 !4& %5ST!= "5&E

!ttn for the attention of

$. S!=*T!T)54S I &ear Sir'&ear Sirs'&ear 3adam' &ear 3r'3rs'3iss'3s

Smith'&ear Oohn'3argaret or &ear %rofessor Oones2 &ear &octor Evans

9. S*BOE"T FE!&)4@

,eI > with reference to' relating to?

:. B5&N =ETTE,

;. "53%=)3E4T!,N "=5SE

&ear Sir'3adam Nours faithfully

>Nours truly?

&ear 3r. Oones Nours sincerely

Sincerely yours

"ordially yours'best regards'best wishes


30/55

&ear Bob Sincerely'"ordially2 Nours truly

E4" #2 E4".-?

##. "5%)ES >copy to'cc carbon copy?

#7M$ @$ #$5$5"$#

1Beginning

%hank you for your letter dated< of ,$th

pril 2-,#. e acknowledge receipt of your order.

e have the pleasure to inform you that we are sending you under separate

cover the documentation reCuested


31/55

e enclose the application form to be filled out and returned to us rapidly

8lease note that the closing date for the enrolment


32/55

+78MA20*5+78MA2 2$$8

;eservation 5anager

;ed 4ion Hotel

23+ 8alace ;oad

Edinburgh9 32,

9eptember 23

?ear /ohn


33/55

". the invitation re(uest?

-? TFE B5&N all details that the reader will

appreciate and need >1sU who2 when2

where2 why?

6? TFE E4&)4@ %!,!@,!%F state clearly the desire

action

of the reader

0or what kind of events are invitations used in businessG

invitations to diKerent events >wedding2 engagement2 baptize2 funeral?invitations to oHcial meetings2 conferences2 congresses2 symposia?

*5:*A*75#. ) have the pleasure to invite you toQ.

-. )t is a great pleasure to extend to you an invitation toQ.

6. 5n behalf ofQ) have the pleasure of extending to you aninvitation toQ

7. 1e cordially'sincerely invite you toQ

$. )t is a great pleasure and honour to invite you toQ

9. )t would give me very much pleasure if you would accept this

invitation.

:. )t would be very much appreciated if you could reply to this

invitation.

;. ) trust you will kindly accept this invitation.


34/55

#7. ) am looking forward with pleasure to welcome'welcoming you in

my country.

A""$


35/55

-? In*itatie la cina a!resata ni (rieten a(ro(iat

&raga &oris2

"e+ai spune sa luam cina impreuna data viitoare cand vii la =ondraG

3i+ar face placere sa ne revedem cat mai curand posibil.

!stept vesti de la tine.

6? &raga Tom2

)ti multumesc pentru scrisoarea in care ne impartaseai intentia de a veni in vizita

la arsovia. 4oi nu vom in oras cand vei sosi2 insa am incantati2 atat eu cat si

sotia mea daca ai veni sa petreci un weekend in casa noastra de la tara aAata la

$ de km de oras. !m putea discuta acolo mai in voie propunerea ta de afaceri siam putea face un plan.

!stept raspunsul tau cat de curand.

8$ In*itatie a!resata ni (rieten

&raga %aul2

Eu si sotia mea vom petrece cateva zile in 4ew Nork in luna mai. Sejurul nostru

face parte dintr+o calatorie de trei saptamani in care am dori sa imbinam afacerile

cu distractia. 4u iti pot da numele si adresa hotelului inca deoarece rezervarile nu

au fost conrmate2 insa iti voi telefona imediat ce ajungem pentru a cina

impreuna la hotelul nostru.

"omplimente.

9$ In*itatie a!resata ni (rieten strain

&raga 3ichael2

"orespondam de mai bine de un ansi inca nu ne+am intalnit. Schimbul de idei cu

privire la cele doua tari in care traim a fost foarte interesant. acanta de vara se

apropie si as dori sa te invit la mine la inceputul lunii iulie ca sa iti arat o parte atarii mele.

Te+ar interesa sa petreci doua saptamni intr+o familie de elvetieniG

"u prietenie.

$ In*itatie !e (artici(are la o intrnire

Stimate profesor Elvis2


36/55

!m dori sa va informam ca intrunirea comitetului executiv va avea loc la %raga pe

data de $ septembrie.

5rdinea de zi a intrunirii este urmatoareaI

#Q..

-Q

6Q.

&aca aveti sugestii2 va rugam sa ne scrieti imediat astlef incat sa le putem

transmite si celorlalti membrii ai comtetului.

!stept cu interes sa va revad la intrunire.

"ele mai bune urari2

!l dumneavoastra2


37/55

!preciez amabila dumneavoastra invitatie de a participa la congresul care se

va tine la %aris. )mi pare foarte rau ca ratez ocazia de a veni in tara

dumneavoastra si de a ma intalni cu colegii mei.

&aca invitatia dumneavoastra ar ajuns mai devreme as putut sa+mi anulez

angajamentul anterior.

Sper sa ne vedem cu alta ocazie cat de curand.

!l dumneavoastra2

'$ Stimate domn2

Tocmai am primit scrisoarea dumneavoastra din data de # aprilie cu

rugamintea de a contribui la intrunirea pe care o organizati pe probleme

economice. 3i+e teama ca va trebui sa va refuz deoarece am fost invitat sa tin o

prelegere in strinatate pe data de : aprilie.

)mi exprim inca o data regretul de a nu putea participa la aceasta intrunire2

!l dumneavoastra2

c$Stimate %rofesore Fill2

)n primul rand trebuie sa imi cer scuze pentru intarzierea cu care raspund

scrisorii dumneavoastra din - noiembrie. 4u am avut timp sa va scriu deoarece

pe 6 noiembrie am parasit Bucurestiul pentru o calatorie de afaceri care a durat

# zile.

,egret ca nu pot sa dau curs invitatiei dumneavoastra de a participa la

congresul pe care il organizati la inceputul lunii ianuarie anul viitor2 dar voi

plecat intr+o calatorie de afaceri in strainatate pentru inca doua saptamani in luna

ianuarie.

3ii de scuze2

a rog sa transmiteti complimentele mele sotiei si icei dumneavoastra.

"ele mai bune urari2

!l dumneavoastra2

1$In*itation to a 'siness !inner

&ear Sir2


38/55

) would like to discuss a few points concerning our new contract with you during

my stay in %aris. 3ight ) suggest that we meet for an informal dinner at the

calypso restaurant on 0riday $ 0ebruary at : o8clock pm.

5$ In*itation to !inner with a close frien!

&ear &oris2

Fow about coming round for dinner when you come to =ondon next timeG

)t would be nice to see you again as soon as possible.

) am looking forward to hearing from you.

7$ In*itation to s(en! a wee%en!

&ear Tom2

Thank you for your letter telling us of your plans to visit us in 1arsaw. 1e will not

be in the city when you come2 but we would be delighted2 both my wife and )2 if

you would come to spend a weekend in our country house situated within $

kilometers from the city. There we could have a relaxed talk about your business

proposition and we could make a plan together.

) am looking forward to your answer as soon as possible.

8$ In*itation to a frien!

&ear %aul2

3y wife and ) will spend a few days in 4ew Nork in 3ay as part of a three+week

trip in which we would like to combine business with pleasure. ) can8t give you

the name and address of our hotel yet as our reservations haven8t been

conrmed2 but ) will call you as soon as we arrive to x dinner together at our

hotel.

Best regards2

9$ In*itation to a foreign frien!

&ear 3ichael2

1e have been writing to each other for more than one year and we haven8t met

yet. )t was very interesting to exchange views on our two countries'on the two

countries we live in. The summer holidays are drawing near and ) would like to

invite you to my house at the beginning of Ouly to show you a part of my country.

1ould you be interested in spending a week in a Swiss familyG

In*itation to a meeting

&ear %rofessor Elvis2


39/55

1e would like to inform you that the meeting of the Executive "ommittee will

take place in %rague on $ September.

The agenda of the meeting is the followingI

#..................................................................

-.................................................................

6.................................................................

if you have any suggestions to make kindly write to us at once so that we could

send them to the other members of the "ommittee.

Best wishes2

Nours sincerely2

$ ;eclining an in*itation

a$&ear 3r. Smith2


40/55

) very much appreciate your kind invitation to participate in the congress which

will be held in %aris. ) am awfully sorry to miss the opportunity of coming to your

country and meeting my colleagues.

Fad your invitation reached me earlier2 ) could have cancelled my previous

engagement.

Foping to see you on another occasion2

Nours sincerely2

'$&ear Sir2

) have just received your letter of # !pril with the re(uest of contributing to the

meeting you organize on economic issues. ) am extremely grateful to you for this

kind invitation. Fowever2 ) am afraid ) shall have to decline it2 as ) have been

invited to give a lecture abroad on : !pril and ) have already accepted.

5nce again ) express my regret that ) am unable to take part in this meeting.

Nours faithfully2

c? &ear %rofessor Fill2

0irst of all ) must apologize for the delay taken in answering your later of -

4ovember. ) didn8t have time to write to you as on 6 4ovember ) left Bucharest on

a business trip which lasted for ten days.

) regret not being in the position to comply with your invitation of participating inthe "ongress you organize at the beginning of Oanuary next year2 but ) will be

away on a business trip abroad for a fortnight in Oanuary.

! thousand apologiesV

Pindly send my regards to your wife and your daughter.

1ith best wishes2

Nours sincerely2

B. LETTERS F ENUIR"RELIES T INUIRIES

INUIRIES FR G;S!n en(uiry >also spelt in9uiry is sent when a businessman wants some

information aboutI

the supply of goods leaAets or catalogues (uotations or prices terms and discounts availability of goods


41/55

delivery times and deadlines method of transport insurance

0lyer'leaAet'brochure'catalogue

3!)4 %!,TS#. Fow you got to know the company and the potential supplier-. Some information about your company2 and the reasons for which you

decided to write the letter6. @eneral re(uest for information7. Specic (uestions$. "lose2 perhaps some reference to a future successful business.

&ear Sirs2

#? 1e had the opportunity to see your latest products at the )nternationalTrade 0air in 3adrid last week. 1e were particularly interested in the

electronic dishwasher "R" -## and might possibly also be interested in

other electronic e(uipment which you manufacture.

-? 1e specialize in importing state+of+art household electrical appliances

and selling them to luxury kitchen designers in "entral and Eastern

Europe.

6? 1e would be grateful if you would send us your catalogue with full

technical specications. %lease state your best export prices2 terms of

payment and earliest date for overseas orders.

7? 1e look forward to hearing from you soon.

Nours faithfully

ther (hrases:

#? 1e have just received your brochure'circular letter introducing yourrange of new products.1e were given your name by one of our clients2 3r. Smith and are

looking for a supplier of garden e(uipment such as you manufacture.

Nou were recommended to us by the =ondon "hamber of "ommerce

and we would like to know if you could supply us with the following

goodsIQ

1e have seen your advertisement inQQ.

-? 1e have recently set up more sales outlets and would like to extend ourrange of British goods.1e want to launch a new line of products all over Europe.

1e have been dealing in this kind of products since #;;:.


42/55

0or various reasons2 we want to change suppliers and are looking for a

suitable replacement.

6? "ould you please forward full details of your complete products.1e would be pleased if you would let us have your current price list as

well as your terms of sale.

%lease let us know if your goods can be shipped immediately.

%rompt delivery is essential in our type of business. 1hat is your usual

overseas delivery timeG

"ould you let us have the address of a local distributor'agent'dealerG

Before placing an order2 we would like to receive some samples.

7? )f your prices are competitive we shall place a large order.

,etail+retailer wholesale J wholesaler

Trade J trader sample

"ommerce to supply'supplier to provide with

)nvoice customs to place an order customer

To manufacture J manufacturer

To advertise J advertising advertisement'ad

!dvertisement >to place an advertisement'ad with a newspaper?

/in! the t)(ical *oca'lar) in formal in2iries:

1e are retailers'importers'wholesalers in the Q..trade and would like toget in touch with suppliers'manufacturers ofQ.

1e are in themarket 1e are interested in importingQ. 1e know about your product fromQ. %lease send us prices and samples ofQ

1e would like you to send us a rm oKer forQ'your current catalogueshowingQ.

1e read your advertisement and we re(uireQ.for immediate delivery ofQ..

1e are interested in buyingQQQQand would like to have furtherdetailsaboutQQQ.and would like to know if you can provide us withQQ

1ould you kindly 2oteus your best'lowest (rices and terms ofpayment forQ.

1hat (ualities'(uantities are you able to supply from the stock )f your prices are competitive'if the (uality of the goods comes up with

our expectation')f samples meet our customers8 agreement we canprobably place regular orders with you


43/55

1e look forward to receiving your (uotation'prices'reply by return'assoon as possible

Thank you for the information you can provide to us. !n early reply would be appreciated. 1e usually settle acconts'make payments byQ.. %ayment will be made byQ. %lease send us a pro+forma invoice for customs purposes. To settle a bill'to foot the bill

,E%=N T5 !4 )4C*),N

#. Thank you line and reference to the in(uiry for goods-. ,eference to the attachment to the letter if any.6. Fighlight several key points.7. !nswer any specic (uestions.$. "lose the letter with the promise to supply any further information

&ear Sirs2

#? 1e were delighted to receive your in(uiry about the hairdressers8

e(uipment and supplies we manufacture2 and are sending you a copy of

our latest fully illustrated catalogue and price list.

-? 1e are also enclosing a few samples of our shampoos2 hair dyes and

hair treatment products which are some of our specialities. 1e would like

to point out that we also deal in natural cosmetics.

6? 1e have ade(uate stocks of most of the products featured in our catalogueand can supply them within one week of receiving an order. 1e can grant a $/

discount for orders over W $2. !ll our prices are (uoted delivered at frontier.

5ur usual terms for overseas trade are bank draft against pro forma invoice.

$? 1e are sure you will be delighted with the (uality of our products2 whichsell throughout the world. 1e look forward to the pleasure of doingbusiness with you.

Nours faithfully2

Bank draft

#? 1ith reference to your telephone en(uiry of yesterday2 we are verypleased to hear that you want to launch a line of Spanish+madeproducts in your area.

Thank you for your en(uiry concerning the e(uipment we sell. 1e

regret that we no longer provide

1e have pleasure in submitting the following (uotationQ.


44/55

1e can oKer a large range of articles at attractive'competitive prices.

0or your information we are about to launch an advertising campaign

for our brand'make of products.

-? 1e can supply large (uantities of goods with as little delay aspossible'at 6 weeks8notice.

0or orders of # items or more we allow'grant a special discount of $/

'we send free gifts.

%lease note that prices (uoted are guaranteed only until 6#st&ecember.

)n addition we provide a reliable after+sales service all over Europe.

6? 1e hope to hear from you soon and can assure you that your order will

be dealt with promptly.1e can guarantee each article is produced with the utmost care.

Should you wish to have further details we are at your complete

disposal.

Should you be interested2 our representative for your area2 3rQ2 can

call on )o.

To hear from

To deal with a problem'customer'order

To grant a !iscont"to grant a loan

o can call on me")o can call in at m) oMce

After,sales ser*ice

To !eal with an or!er"clients"(ro'lem

Frther !etails to !o frther 'siness

Re(resentati*e

Cisit"*isitor to in*est"in*estor"in*estment

torist

;


45/55

1e are pleased to submit our lowest prices'to enclose our latest pricefor the goods you in(uired about.

1e can make a rm order forQQ This oKer is rm subject to acceptance byQ. Pindly rememberI this oKer expires onQ. Subject for prior sale %rices subject to change without notice. The goods you in(uired about are sold out2 but we can oKer you a

substitute. %lease let us have your order as soon as possible2 since supplies are

limited. 1hile stocks last. 1e look forward to receiving a trial or!erfrom you.

;isconts:

0or a (uantity of 9 or more we allow'grant you a special discount of

-/ on the prices (uoted. The (uantity discounts vary according to the size of the order. Nour initial order is subject to a special discount ofQ 1e can grant you / discount on orders exceeding XQ in value'on

repeat orders. 1e (uoted special prices2 therefore the oKer is not subject to the usual

discounts.

Terms of (a)ment:

"ash in advance. "ash on delivery >c.o.d.?

"ash with order >c.w.o.? 5ur usual terms are cash against documents >c.o.d.?'pro+forma invoice. 1e can allow you three months8 credit for future orders. !s our prices are so favourable2 our terms of payment are 6 days net.

;eli*er) terms:

c.i.f.'".).0. >cost insurance and freight? cRf'"0 >cost and freight? f.o.b.'05B >free on board? f.a.s.'0!S >free alongside ship? franco domicile2 free >buyer8s address? ex works'ex factory %rices are warehouse. 0reight and insurance to be paid by buyer'you. &elivery can be made from stock'is not included in the price. &elivery will be made within two months of receipt of your order.3ers for hotel accommo!ation:

1e are able to accommodate all the members of your group in singleand double rooms.

The rooms at the back of the hotel are very (uiet. There is an extra charge of Y for private bathrooms.

%lease let us know your expected date of arrival and the duration ofyour stay.


46/55

1e shall reserve accommodation for you accordingly.

". 2$$8# 7+ "7M


47/55

inconvenientele cauzate deaceasta eroare.

: a asiguram ca acest incidentnu se va repeta .

; "u parere de rau am aAat caati fost nemultumiti de Q.

< !m analizat obiectulreclamatiei dvsQQ

this errorQ.

:. 1e can assure you that this will not

happen again.

;. 1e are sorry to learn that you were

dissatised withQQ..


48/55

Ras(ns la reclamatia

cm(aratrii e3ectate (rin

coman!a (ostala

&raga &omnule2

"u parere de rau am aAat ca ati fost

nemultumiti de televizorul pe care vi

l+am livrat.

"a urmare a reclamatiei

dumneavoastra am efectuat o

ancheta si am constatat ca vina ne

apartine. eti primi televizorul de

culoare neagra maine dupa+amiaza.

a rugam sa acceptati scuzele

noastre pentru toate inconvenientelecauzate de aceasta eroare.

a asiguram ca acest incident nu se

va repeta.

"u stima2

Answer to the com(laint of a

mail or!er (rchase

&ear Sir2

ith regret we hear! thatyou

were disssatised about the T set

we delivered .

Following )or com(laintwe have

made an in(uiry and we found that it

was our mistake. Nou will receive the

black T set tomorrow afternoon. 1e

must ask you to accept our apologiesfor any troubled caused by this error.

1e can assure you that this will not

happen again.

Best regards2

INSURAN0E

T ASSURE: ) assure you that he is right.

T ENSURE:This course will ensure you a better job.

T INSUREI Nou must insure both your house and your car.

Translate into EnglishI

#. Tocmai a fost marita prima de asigurare.The insrance (remimhas just been raised.

-. Suntem asigurati contra incendiului2 inundatiilor2

cutremurelor si furtului.1e are insured againstre2 Aood2 earth(uake and theft.


49/55

6. &aunele sunt importante2 dar nu s+au inregistrat victime.&amage is extensive but there have been no casualities.

7. )ncendiul a distrus numai aripa dreapta a cladirii din fata.The re destroyed only the right wing of the front building.

$. %ersoana vatamata va despagubita in totalitate.The injured person will be fully indemnied'will receivecomplete compensation.

9. "ealalta parte isi declina orice responsabilitate.The other partydeclines any responsibility.

:. "onform articolului mentionat mai sus2 asiguratorul aredreptul de a refuza reinnoirea politei.*nder the above mentioned article2 the insureris entitledto refuse the renewal of the policy.

;. "lauza mentionata de dvs. nu se aplica acestui tip dedauna'pierdere.The clause you mentioned does not apply to this type ofdamage'loss.

nu fac obiectul garantiei?.&amage due to freezing is not covered bythe guarantee.

"and intra in vigoare contractulG1hen will the contract 'ecome e3ecti*eG

##. "and intra in vigoare legeaG1hen will the law come into forceG

#-. "ontractul poate reziliat de asigurator sau deasigurat sub rezerva unui preaviz de minimum #$ zile.

The contract can be terminated by the insurer or theinsured subject to at least #$ days8 notice.

#6. =itigiul se va inainta unui cuplu de arbitri.The litigationwill be submitted to two arbitrators.

#7. *nul dintre arbitri este numit de asigurat2 celalalt deasigurator.5ne of the arbitrators is called by the insre!2 the otherby the insrer.

#$. )nstiintarea de reziliere a contractului se va face prinscrisoare recomandata.The terminationof the contract will be notied ')registere! letter.


50/55

#9. 5rice marturie falsa deliberat facuta atrage anulareacontractului'invalidarea contractului.!ny willful misrepresentation will make the contract nllan! *oi!'invalidate the contract.

#:. !siguratul trebuie sa prezinte un deviz estimativ alpagubei.The insurer will have to supply an estimate of the damage.

To raise + ed

To rise+rose risen

The government has raise!the prices again.

The prices ha*e risenagain.

Coca'lar)

)nsurance premium to renew J the

renewal of the contract'policy

)nsured'insurer notice'to give a

notice2 to notify

To insure against

misrepresentation'misrepresent

&amage'loss

to pay for damages

policy'to take out an insurance policy

"asualties to comply withthe terms

The injured party to sue for

damage

To indemnify'indemnication

To be entitled to compensation

%arty'third party


51/55

=iability'to decline any liability >the goods are liable to duty?

*nder the article

To fall due'to become mature

!re not included in the guarantee'are not covered by

To become eKective'operative

To come into force >law?

To cancel'to terminate a contract'termination

to conclude a contract

=itigation'to settle a litigation'a claim

to settle payments'accounts

!rbitrator'inventor

The contract is null and void

To assess'evaluate'appraise assessment'evaluation'appraisal

7ancile au jucat un rol foarte important in dezvoltarea economiei moderne inca

de la inceputul activitatilor comerciale. 9ucursalele lor au devenit ceva familiar

pe numeroase strazi orasenesti+ dar si in sate+ pe masura ce tot mai multi

oameni au in prezent un cont intro banca nationala sau regionala.

%he banks have played a very important role


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personal account

current account

savings account

foreign currency

foreign trade company

the former'the latter

means of payment

interest'rate of interest

to issue'issuing bank

traveller8s che(ues

%he banks offer their services both to private individuals and to businesses


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obtain foreign currencies+ issue traveller!s cheCues and letter of credit payable at their

branches or at other @correspondingA banks.

)n afara de aceasta+ bancile opereaza tranzactii la bursa pt. dumneavoastra si va dau consultatii in

materie de investitii. Ele dau si bani cu imprumut+ in general pe termen scurt. stfel pot sa

acorde facilitati de cont descoperit cambii EtrateA+ sau chiarbilete la ordin. )n domeniul

comertului exterior+ bancile isi pot sprijini clientii prin finantare sau consultanta. Ele pot fi

consultate de una sau alta dintre partile contractante pentru a obtine informatii asupra situatiei

financiare a partenerului in cazul tranzactiilor comerciale.

7esides+ banks will operate transactions on the 9tock Exchange for you and give advice on

investments. %hey also grant loans+ generally on a short term basis. %hus they can grant

overdraft facilities or personal loansI if your credit assessment


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;on6t forget to recor! all with!rawals on

conterfoils in )or che2e 'oo%.

to with!raw mone)

To with!raw mone)"with!rawal"to !e(osit

9. Ei mi+au propus sa rambursez un imprumut personal de-W in 6 de rate lunare.The) o3ere! me to refn! a 5??? (ersonal loan

o*er a 5?,month (erio!"in 7? installments.

:. "and se redacteaza sau se andoseaza un cec2 trebuie sase evite orice stersatura.

hen writing ot or en!orsing a che2e one mst'e carefl to a*oi! an) erasre.

;. "amera de decontari'ociul de clearing2 va centraliza toateoperatiunile care se refera la schimbul interbancar deefecte de comert si cecuri.The clearing,hose will focs all the o(erations

referring to the e-change of 'ills an! che2es.

dobanzii? pe termen lungraman stabile.The increase in the (rice of short,term loans has

'een con#rme! whereas long,term rates remainsta'le.

##. Banca centrala functioneaza in calitate de bancher pt.guvern si alte banci si ca autoritate centrala de emisiunemonetara.The 0entral Ban% acts as a 'an%er to the

go*ernment an! to other 'an%s an! as a central

mone),issing athorit).

Issing 'an%s


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isse

engleza master comert 2014

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