claudiu dobre- enigmatic a limba a geto-dacilor ed el 2011

7/23/2019 Claudiu Dobre- Enigmatic A Limba a Geto-dacilor Ed El 2011

1/95

Valentin-Claudiu

DOBREScurt, uimitoare i fabuloas

istorisire despre

Enigmaticalimb a

geto-dacilor

Ediia a II-a revizuiti adugitEdiie electronic 2011

Bucureti, 2011


2/95

Valentin-Claudiu Dobre- Scurt, uimitoare i fabuloas istorisire despre enigmatica limb a geto-dacilor

2

Ediia a II-a, revizuiti adugitEdiie electronic 2011

2011


3/95


3

Drepturile asupra acestei ediii aparin autorului.

Orice reproducere fr indicare sursei strict prohibit.

Descrierea Bibliotecii Naionale a Romniei

SCURT, UIMITOARE I FABULOAS ISTORISIRE DESPREENIGMATICA LIMB A GETO-DACILOR(EDIIE ELECTRONIC 2011)

Autor VALENTIN-CLAUDIU DOBRE

ISBN 978-973-0-11128-6


4/95


4

ABREVIERIalb.- albanez Ban.-Banatab.- arab() bot.- botanicarb.- arbresh (graiul albanez din peninsula italic) Buc.-Bucovinaaro.- aromn EI- Exemplu incertbal.- baluchi IE- Indo-European/Indo-Europene

bg.- bulgar Mar.-Maramurebrt.- breton Md.-Moldovacat.- catalan Tr.- Transilvaniach.- ceh cf. - conformcr.- croat et. nec.- etimologie necunoscutcm.- cuman fem.- feminindn.- danez pl.-pluraleg.- englez pb.- probabilek.- euskara/limba basc reg.- regionalismfr.- francez dial.-dialectfg.-frigian dc.- dacismgdl.- gidhlig- scoiana, gaelica din Scoia, eg. gaelic gd.- geto-dacgal.- galeg (limba galeg/galego/galiciana) tb.- trac bithyngm.- german tgd.- traco-geto-dachd.- hindi tod. -trac odrysht.- hittit t.- trach.- dialectul/graiul huul al rutenei (ucrainienei vestice) vlt.- vechea lituaniankd.- kurdish (inclusiv cu dialectul sorani) vbalt.- vech balticirg.- irish gaelic- Gaeilge vsl.- vechea slav "comun", protoslav

il.- ilirit.- italianir.- iranian (persan)isk.-ishkasmi (limb-dialect estic indo-iranian din grupul pamiric)isl.-islandezistr.-istroromnld.- ladina dolomiticlat.- latinltg.- latgalian (dialect al letonei)lt.- lituanianlv.- leton/latvianlw.-luwian()lyc.-lycian()mc.- macedo-slavmg.- maghiarmgl.- meglenoromnmxg.- manx gaelic- Gaelg, Gailcknp.- nepalingr.- neo-greac

nv.- norvegianol.- olandezoss.- ossetian (osetin cu dialectele Iron/Irian i Digorian)ps.- pashto/pushto (afgan)pl.- polonezpg.- portughezprs.- vechea pruss/borus (limba vest-baltic)pj.- punjabi/panjabirg.- rumantsch grishun (reto-roman)ro.- romnrs.- rusrut.-rut.ss.- dialectul ssesc din Transilvania al limbii germanesb.- srbsbc.- srbo-croatslv.- slovacslvn.- slovensg.- samogitian (dialectul emaiial lituanianei)skt.- sanskritsp.- spaniol (castilian)su.- suedezsdv.- sudovian (limb vest-baltic/ dialect al prussei)tc.- turctmz.-tamazight (berber)ucr.- ucraineanud.- urduyv.- yotvingian (limb vest-baltic/ dialect al prussei)zb.- zebaki (limb-dialect estic indo-iranian din grupul pamiric)zz.- zazakiwfr.- west frisian (limb/dialect din grupul olandezei)wk.- wakhi (limb-dialect estic indo-iranian din grupul pamiric)


5/95


5

SURSEDER- Dicionarul Etimologic RomnDEX- Academia Romn , Institutul de Lingvistic "Iorgu Iordan" - Dicionarul Explicativ al LimbiiRomne, Ediia a II-a, Ed. Univers Enciclopedic, Bucureti, 1998EOPV- Old Prussian Elbing Vocabulary copiat de Peter Holzwescher din Marienburg (sec. XIV) dup un

document din secolul XIII i readus ateniei publicului de Dr. Letas Palmaitis din Kaunas n 2004 ianalizat critic de prussologul V. MaiulisGM.xx - Gimbutas Marija- "The Balts, Ed. Thames and Hudson, London, 1963"- (pagina)xxGS.xx- Revista Grai i Suflet a Institutului de Filologie i Folclor publicat de Ovid Densuianu, AteliereleSocec & Co. SA, Vol. IV- Fascicula 1-1929, Vol. IV- Fascicula 2-1930 - (pagina)xxHC. xx- Crian Ion Horaiu - "Burebista and his time, Ed. Academiei, Bucureti, 1978"- (pagina)xxMA. xx- Mcri Anatol Dr.- "File din istoria mai veche i mai nou a Romniei, Ed. Paco, 2008"- (pagina)xxK.xx- Kovaec August- "Descrierea istroromnei actuale, Ed. Academiei, Bucureti, 1971" - (pagina)xxP.xx- Papahagi Tache- "Grai, Folklor, Etnografie, Ed. Minerva, Bucureti, 1981"- (pagina)xxPS.xx- Paliga Sorin- "Influene romane i preromane n limbile slave de sud, Ed. a II-a, Ed. el., Buc, 2003"Alte surse:- Pentru arbresh: Gaetano Gerbino- "Fjalori arbrisht- italisht, i hors s arbreshvet- Dizionarioarbresh - italiano della parlata di Piana degli Albanesi, www.jemi.it, Palermo, 2007"; Instituti IShkencave- "Pralla Popullore Shqiptare, Tiran, 1954, STASH 2204-52, Stabilimenti Mihal Duri, Tiran,http://www.mling.ru/etnolingvistika/albania/pralla_alb.pdf" i Dr. Caroli Henrici Theodori Reinhold-"Noctes Pelasgicae vel Symbolae ad congnoscendas dialectos Graeciae Pelasgicas collatae, Athenis, 1855,Typhis Sophoclis Garbola, http:// anemi.lib.uoc.gr/metadata /4 /0/e/metadata-112-0000000.tkl"

- Pentru anatoliana comun antic , carian, gaulish, hitit , illyrian, irish ogham, lycian, lydian,macedoneana antic , oscan, palaic, frigian , trac , tocharian, umbrian: www. wordgumbo.com/ie/cmp/index.htm- Pentru baluchi: Ahmad Mumtaz A Baluchi-English Glossary Elementary Level http:// dsal.uchicago.edu/ dictionaries/ mumtaz/- Pentru basc/euskara: Trask R. L.- "Etymological Dictionary of Basque, University of Sussex, 2008" iVan Eys W. J.- "Dictionaire Basque - Franais, Paris, Maisonneuve, Londres, Williams & Norgate, 1873"- Pentru breton, irish gaelic, gaelic- gidhlig: www. wordgumbo.com/ ie/cmp/index.htm- Pentru cuman, turc, gguz: Mcri A.- "File din istoria mai veche i mai nou a Romniei, Ed. Paco"- Pentru hindi: Snell Rupert- "Teach Yourself Beginners Hindi, Bookpoint Limited, 130 Milton Park,Abingdon, Oxon, OX 14 4SB, 2010"- Pentru ladina dolomitic: Grzega Joachim- "Materialen zu einem etymologischen Wrterbuch desDolomitenladinischen MEWD, www.grzega.de, Eichsttt, 2005"- Pentru latgalian: http: //latgola.lv/voluda/vuordineicys/cyulltg.shtml- Pentru leton: www. dictionary.site.lv i www.letonika.lv- Pentru lituanian: www. anglu-lietuviu.com; Harold H. Bender- "A Lithuanian Etymological Index, Ed.Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton-London, Humphrey Milford Oxford University Press, 1921" (n gm.)

- Pentru vechea mitologie baltici mitologia popular romneasc: Wikipedia- Pentru nepali: Karunakar Baidya- "Teach Yourself Nepali, A Tourist Manual, Published by: Ratna PustakBhandar, Bhotahity, Kathmandu, 1997"; http: //dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/romadict.pl?query=y&table=schmidt- Pentru vechea pruss: Mikkels Klussis- "Basic English-Prussian Dictionary for further lexicalreconstruction (samlandian dialect), 2005-2006, Prussologia Klossiana: Lingua Borussica Nova, IIf" i"Trilingual dictionary of Prussian: Prussian, German, English " tradus de Letas Palmaitis dup VytautasMaiulis- "Prskalbos etimologijos odynas. Mokslas, Vilnius, I 1988, II 1993, III 1996, IV 1997- Pentru rumantsch grishun i dialectele sale < sursilvan, sutsilvan, surmiran, puter i vallader>: www.pledari.ch/mypledari/- Pentru pashto (afgan): Tegey Habibullah, Robson Barbara- "Beginning Pashto Textbook, Center forApplied Linguistics, Washington, ED 323763" i Raverty, H. G. (Henry George). A dictionary of the Pukto,Pusto, or language of the Afghans: with remarks on the originality of the language, and its affinity toother oriental tongues. Second edition, with considerable additions. London: Williams and Norgate, 1867din sursa http://dsal. uchicago.edu/dictionaries/ raverty/- Pentru punjabi: http://www.ijunoon.com/punjabi/dictionary.aspx?word=?- Pentru samogitian: Wikipediahttp://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lietoviu_-_%C5%BEemaitiu_kalbu_%C5%BEu od %C4%ABns ihttp://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDemait%C4%97%C5%A1ks_%C5%BE uod%C4%Abnielis-Pentru trac: www. groznijat.tripod.com/thrac/index.html lucrarea Duridanov Ivan- "The Language ofthe Thracians" (n limba englez)- Pentru sanskrit : Egenes Thomas- "Introduction to Sanskrit, Part One, Motilal Banarsidas PublishersPrivate Limited, Delhi, 2003" i Apte, Vaman Shivaram- "The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary. Poona:Prasad Prakashan, 1957-1959" la adresa http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/- Pentru tamazight: Ali Amaniss Dictionnaire Tamazight Franais (Parler du Maroc-Centrale)- Pentru west frisian: http:// www.websters-online-dictionary.org/browse_index/NonEnglish/Frisian


6/95


6

CAP 1. CONSIDERAII PRIVIND LIMBATRACILORI A GETO-DACILOR

Limba comun indo-european IE (adesea analizat prin raportare la sanscrit) era constituitdintr-o serie de graiuri i dialecte, acestea fiind regsite peste timp prin corespondenele din limbile

IE moderne. Substratul pre-IE este dificil de identificat, de cuantificat i decelat, demers realizabildoar prin raportare la limba bascilor i alte limbi ne-IE cunoscute. Din grupul limbilor IE antice,ramura traco-geto-daco-frigian este astzi disprut; se menin urme de substrat n limbilebalcanice moderne (romn , bulgar , macedoslav , rutean/rusin; posibil albanez , slovac,sloven ?). Pentru identificarea conexiunilor, a desprinderilor i scindrilor diferitelor ramuri analizalingvistic comparat reprezint un instrument util, ns doar orientativ.

Clasificarea formal de tip kentum-satem mparte limbile IE dup cum urmeaz: kentum(celt, german, greac, italici neo-romanice, anatolian, toharic, albanez) i satem (armean,baltici slava veche, indo-iraniene, traco-frigian, iliric).

Ion I. Russu apreciaz c limba traco-geto-dac era o limb satem nrudit n principal culimbile ilirice, balto-slava, armeana, limbile indo-iraniane. Enorma munc de raportare la albanezdepus de Ion I. Russu este important , complet , util. Raportarea romnei la armeana veche arputea fi deasemenea extrem de util.

n consecin, pentru identificarea cuvintelor atribuite ad-stratului slav, dar care pot aparinemotenirii tgd., autorul a realizat o comparare analitic cu limbile baltice- grupul estic: lituaniana(Auktaii, respectiv emaii, denumit samogitian) i letona (cu dialectele latgalian i central leton) i grupul vestic: rudimentele vechii limbi baltice prusse (dialectulsamlandian/sembas, dialectul sudovian reconstituite de exceleni lingviti prussologi precum dl.Vytautas Maiulis), cu pashto/pushto, nepali, precum i cu alte limbi IE antice sau moderne: limbileslave, celtice, limbile IE antice din Anatolia, arbresh, dialectele rumantsh grishun, etc. S procedmla o enumerare succint a limbilor baltice: vestice (galindian, skalvian, yotvingian/sudovian, vecheapruss , toate disprute) i estice (lituaniana cu samogitian, letona cu latgalian, curonian practicdisprut; selonian, semigallian). Autorul consider limbile baltice datorit caracterului lorconservativ i trsturilor arhaice drept limbi IE "rdcin" pentru alte limbi IE moderne.

Dl. Ivan Duridanov apreciaz c traca, geto-daca, frigiana i ilira au fost distincte. Materialullingvistic disponibil n vechea trac cuprinde: circa 23 de cuvinte atestate n izvoare antice, inscripii,toponime i hidronime, nume de persoane, triburi, zeiti locale. Dintre cuvintele trace, dl.

Duridanov enumer: asa (tussilago farfara: podbalul, bruscanis, brustan, brustur-alb, brustur-de-ru, cenuoara,glbinele, gua-ginii, limba-vecinei, lapoel, papalung , podbeal, rotungioare), blinthos (bour slbatic, bizon), bria (trg,aezare), briza (secar), brynchs (chitar , instrument muzical trac avnd coarde), brytos/bryton (bere din orz),dinupula/sinupyla opus gd. kinuboila (dovleac slbatic), gnton (mncare, carne- eg. meat), kalamndar (arbore/arbust dees), kemos (tip de fruct), ktstai (anahorei/sihatrii traci), midne (sat), pltyn (fortificaie, turn din lemn), rhomphia(lance, spad), sklm (cuit, palo- cf. ro. lam, lt. laikelis- eg. "blade"), skrke (moned din argint), spnos (piatr ncinsce sfrie la stropirea cu ap), torlle (refrenul unei lamentaii), zalms (piele netbcit), zeir sau zir (obiect dembrcminte pentru bust), zels (sortiment de vin; cf. Duridanov: lt. alas- eg. "brown"), zetria (cup), zibythides (nobili

traci: cf. A. Fick lt. ibeti- eg. "shine, sparkle, twinkle").Atestrile cuvintelor trace provin din surse antice strine limbii trace, de regul elene, putnd

semnifica fie cuvntul n sine, fie un atribut conex. Dl. Duridanov se raporteaz pentru acestecuvinte la elemente apropiate ca rezonan i sens din vechile lituanian/ leton/pruss , limbairanian veche, sanscrit, lydian, frigian.

Dnii. Duridanov, Deev, Gheorghiev au reconstituit din trac 180 de cuvinte/rdcini: achel(ap); aiz (capr/ap- ro.: nume ru Ozana; fg. attagos- eg. "a goat"); ala (curs, curent); alta (curs, curent); an (la,

n); ang (curbat, rsucit); ant (mpotriv); apa/aphus (ap , ru, izvor; lyc. xabe, lw. hapi, ht. hapa- eg. "a river"); apsa(plop tremurtor- populus tremula); arma (mlatin , smrc, mocirl); ars (a curge, curent, ru); arta/arda (curent,ru- ro.: nume ruri Ard, Arge); arzas (alb); asa (piatr) i asm (pietros); at (la, n, spre,ctre); ath (nlime, deal); at (curent, curs); bebrus (castor, biber- castor fiber); bend (a uni, a lega); beras (oache,brunet); berga (deal, val); berza (mesteacn- Betula verrucosa); bredas (pune, islaz); brentas/brendas (cerb,cprioar: lv. briedis- eg. "deer, hart, stag"); brink (eg. to swell); bruzas (repede, iute- ro. burzului ); bur/buris/boris (om, brbat- ro. strbun); burt/burd (vad, trecere); bzas (capr, ap); chalas(noroi, ml); dama (aezare, stabilire); daphas (potop, viitur); darsas/dersas (brav, curajos, drz; ht. dau, lyc. dezi- eg."strong", lyc. wakssa- eg. "courage"); datan/datas (loc, aezare); dentu (clan, trib, gint); desa/disa (zeitate, zeu);dinga (teren fertil); diza (fortrea, palanc, palisad); dn (loc, inut); drenis (cerb, cprioar); dumas (ntunecat- ro. nume


7/95


7

proprii Duma, Toma, lv. dmaka- eg. "brume, haz, mist, fog, gauze, vapour, smoke"); dn (deal, munte, dun); eb (acurge, a picura); ermas (nebun, dement, slbatic); esvas/ezvas (cal; cf. ht. asu/aswa, lv. i- eg. "horse", lyc. esbedi- eg."cavalry"); gaidrus (limpede, clar, luminos, strlucitor); gava (inut); germas (cald, fierbinte; fg. germe- eg. "warm");gesa (pescru- alcedo ispida); gin (ofilit, stins, uscat- ro. reg. Md., Buc. a se ugili); haimos/*saimas (culme,coam); ida/ide (copac, pdure; ro. Letea, lv. lete- eg. "bar, wood"); iet(e)r/jeter (repede, agil, iute); l(u) (nmol, noroi);iras/jras (ap , ru, lt. jra, lv. jr- eg. "sea"); kaba (mlatin , mocirl , balt); kalas (district, regiune de grani);kalsas (uscat); kapas (deal, coast , ro. cap: ex. capul dealului; lv. kpt- eg. "mount, ascend, climb, rise"); kela (izvor);kenthas (copil, urma); kersas (negru); ketri/ketre (cifra patru); kik (viu, agil); kiri/kira (munte sau pdure); knisa (locerodat, gol); kupsela (grmad, ridictur, mamelon); kurp (a se ascunde n vizuin); kurta (uluc, jgheab, lemn); laza(lumini, poian); lingas (depresiune, lunc, pajite); mar- i marka (ap, ru, mlatin- ro. mrghil reg. Tr., Md.); melda(trestie, stuf); mr (mare, larg); mezna (clre- interpretare greit ?: ro. mnz, lt. mgjas- eg. "amateur, dilettante", lt.medioti- eg. "hunt, shoot, chase", lt. meginimas- eg. "efort, ncercare", lt. meginys- eg. "mostr , prob", termenul pentruclre n lt. jojikas- eg. "horseman, rider, horsewoman" i lyc. esbedi- eg. "cavalry"); muka (smn , neam, urma- ro.mucos cu sensul de tnr/ neexperimentat derivat din ro. muci); mukas (inut mltinos); musas (acoperit cu muchi saulicheni, humus, sol- ro. mzg- noroi lipicios i alunecos); nest (plin de via, clocotitor; ro. nestvilit cu sensul de impetuos,de neoprit- asociat cu ne+stavil ?); stas (izvorul rului); pavis (copil, fiu, pui); paisa (funingine, arsur); pala(mlatin- ro. reg. Ban. bar , nv. palud); palma (mlatin- ro. reg. bahn); pan (smrc, turbrie- ro. reg. bahn);para/phara (aezare, sat- ro., aro. far: neam, ginte, soi); pauta (spum, nspumat- ro. sput- "flegm"); per (biat, fiu);per (o piatr); ps (biat, copil); piza (pmnt mocirlos, lunc); pras-/praus- (a spla, a stropi, a mproca); puis,pus, pys (copil, fiu- ro.: puior, puiu); pupa (nimic, prostie sau muuroi, grmad); pura- (secar alb, alac); purda (loc ud,noroios); puris, poris, por, pyris, pyros, pyr (fiu, biat); pusinas (pdure de pini, molid); putras (ipt, urlet, strigt); raimas(pestri , multicolor); raka (loc erodat, viroag , vlcea- ro. a rci, ps. war-ah- eg. "a small channel in a field forirrigation purposes"); ramus (linitit, calm, lt. ramas- gm. "Ruhe", lt. rama , ramti- gm. "beruhigen, besnftigen"); raskus

(iute, agil, plin de via); rera (pietros); rzas/resas (rege; rze- "freeholder" din mg. ?); ring-/rink- (dibaci, priceput); rudas(rou, nroit- ro.: ruj- "trandafir, mce , mpurpurare, mbujorare" i rug- "mce , mur"); rumba (creast , cascad);rs-a (groap sau curgere lin); sabazias (liber- rom: slobozi- "a elibera"); saldas/zaldas (aur, ro.: localitate Zlatna, zltar);sara (curent, curs); sartas (lumin roie); satras/satrus (plin de via, iute, agil- ro. reg. Olt. saitoc- "drcos, neastmprat");saut-is (indolent, domol- reg. Olt. sanchiu); seituva (loc adnc n ru- ro.: reg. Tr. i Ban. ioi, Tr. i Mar.tibloanc, Md., Buc. i Tr. tioalni tiulboan- "bulboan, vrtej"); seina (sat, aezare); skas (iarb, frunzi, verdea,fn); semla (=zemla) (ar, pmnt- ro. selite, slite); serma/sermas (curent, curs); siltas (plcut, clduros); sind(ru); singas (loc jos, depresiune); skaivas (stnga); skalp- (a ciocni, lovi, bate); skaplis (secure, topor, bard; lt. skapoju,skapoti- gm. "schaben, schnitzen"-"a ciopli, a sculpta"); skapt- (a spa, a rci, a scormoni, a scocior); skaras (repede,ro. a se scurge referitor la trecerea timpului); skarsas (nclinat, piezi, oblic, rom: cruci, lt. skesas- gm. "quer, schielend");skilas (impetuos); skreta (cerc, circumferin ro. a scruta- "a cerceta, a privi n jur cu atenie"); skumbr-as (deal, munte);spinda (defriare n pdure); stra din strava (curent, torent); strambas (mirite); strum/strumn/strna (curent, ru);stur (inut, district); suchis/sukis/suku (fat, biat, tnr ?); suka (deschiztur ngust, defileu, chei, pas);sula (tufi, pdure); sunka (sev, fluid); sura/zura (curent, curs); suras (puternic, curajos, erou); suras (aspru, amar); svit- (astrluci, licri, scnteia); tarpas/terpas (sprtur, gaur, fisur); taru- (lance, suli- ro. ru- "par ascuit"); thin- (a avea, aine, a ngriji); thurd- (a sfrma, a prbui- ro. a stoarce, a strivi, a zdrobi, vezi i strugure); tirsas (desi- ro. tufi, tufri,tufrie, hi); titha (lumin , strlucire n ro. licr ?); tranas (a se descompune, a putrezi); traus- (a sparge, frmia,

spulbera n ro. a trzni); tund- (a mpinge, a bate); tuntas (grmad , turm , ceat , stol, dar i popor- vezi ro. tot, toat);turm- (fug- ro. expresia "urma scap turma"; lv. turpinties- eg. "to run on"); udra (vidr, lutr- nume propriu Udrea ?);udrnas (ap , acvatic- n ro. ud, umed); kas (nceoat, tulbure); upa (ru); urda (curent de aer); usku- (ap , acvatic,mltinos); ut- (ap, ru); vair-as (rotitor- n ro. nvrti); varpasas (bulboan, vrtej, volbur); veger-/veker-(igrasie,mbrobonat); veleka (loc de splat); ver- (a scpa, a ni- ro. a vrsa); verza (barier folosit pentru pescuit, zgaz,stavil); zbel-/zibel (strlucire, trznet, lumin cf. lt. ibeti- eg. "shine, sparkle, twinkle"); zburul- (lumin, strlucire); zelmis(vlstar, urma); zenis/zens (nscut, originar din...); zri-/zvri-(animal, bestie); zi- (Dumnezeu, zeu); zilas (gri, grizonat,albastru cf. lt. ilas- eg. "grey"); zilma (verdea , fnea); zum-, zuml-(dragon, arpe n vsl.- ro. zmeu-"dragon", ro.zmeu-"cpcun" n unele basme, cf. lv. smonis- eg. "monster, ogre", lt. mogdra- eg. "cannibal, man-eater");

zvaka (strlucitor, alb- cf. lt. vak- eg. "candle").Raportrile domniilor lor la vechile limbi baltice reconfirm dorina continurii cercetrilor

lingvistice comparate cu limbile baltice moderne prin identificarea cuvintelor aparinnd ad-stratuluiautohton din romn, cu circulaie regional sau generali care sunt greu de decelat ca rezultat aprelungitei convieuiri slavo-romne. Astfel, dac despre trac dispunem de informaii din inscripiide dimensiuni apreciabile i un numr de cuvinte atestate de scrierile antice a cror descifrare este

nc n disput , precum i de cuvinte sau rdcini reconstituite prin efortul unor tracologi deexcepie (desigur, discutabile, pentru c toate informaiile trebuie analizate i re-analizate), despregeto-dactim bine c nu cunoatem aproape mai nimic.

Pentru a ncerca descifrarea misterului limbii tgd., n cele ce urmeaz folosesc expresiile:dacisme latinizate i dacisme slavizate. Prin dacisme latinizate autorul nelege cuvintele autohtonegd. care sub influena unor cuvinte fonetic asemntoare sau simile din latin au suferittransformri de sintez fonetici acumulri de sens, confundndu-se cu latinismele, uneori pn ladisoluie complet , fenomen petrecut n perioada primar a graiurilor latinofone locale aparinnd


8/95


8

convenional proto/str-romnei (pn la migraia slavilor). Totui, pe baza analizelor etimologicecomparate ncercm identificarea acelor cuvinte care, dei au suferit influene, transformrifonetice, modificri de sens nu au fost complet substituite de echivalentul latin. Prin dacismeslavizate se neleg cuvintele care dei iniial au cptat poate un sens marginal sau chiardepreciativ n perioada primar a formrii proto/str-romnei (sec. II-VI), pstrnd poate sensul

iniial doar n afara spaiului de iradiere latinofon, ulterior i ca rezultat al convieurii slavo-romnetimpurii (sec. VI-X) ele s-au ntrit i revigorat, contopindu-se sau adaptndu-se dupcorespondentul slav, pstrnd totui unele particulariti de sens sau/i fonetice care ar conduce laconcluzia c ar putea fi grefe/adaptri slave sau contopiri cu un sau peste un cuvnt autohton.

Unele cuvinte au circulat datorit multilingvismului sau bilingvismului " i" n dublete sau triplete de cuvinte: latin (n italic)- dacic sau/ivechi slav (subliniat), crend i cliee sau expresii de dublete lingvistice care poate ? sunt prezentenc n romn. Acest gen de expresii din perioada multilingvismului sau bilingvismului i au fost adaptate fonetic sau semantic, devenind clieeperpetuate n vorbirea curent (dubletele caracterizeaz etapele de contracie i sintez lingvisticdin intersectarea i suprapunerea a dou limbi sau mai multe limbi n curs de contopire).

Exemple de dublete sau expresii ce ar putea fi dacisme latinizate:"mo btrn" (aro. moae ; sensul "n vrst": ps. mshr/mashar- eg. "elder, leader"; pentru "drept ereditar,

motenire": oss. moj/mojnae- eg. "husband"; lv. muia- eg. "manor, estate", lv. muinieks- eg. "nobleman, noble, squire,

gentleman", cf. ro. moneag. Ciornescu: un lat. anossus- ro. "ncrcat de ani". Vezi cap. 2; pentru btrn: aro. bitrnu cf. lat.vtranus/vetranus, np. brddha /vrddha- eg. "old, feeble, broken- down"; pj. btorher- eg. "elder" sau pj. buddhra- eg. "old",gdl. bodach- eg. "old man, carle" ? Ps. badrng- eg "ugly" este mai apropiat fonetic de ro. i ar putea fi complementar ro. mon dubletul exemplificat, exprimnd decrepitudinea btrneii ? Sau ps. bddah/ bagn- eg. "an old man", ps. bd-r/bd-rn (pl.)- eg. "a master, an employer, a superior" sau ps. bey drang- eg. "without delay".);

"totpoporul" (cf. IE *teuta- eg. "people", lt. tauta- eg. "people, nation", prs. tut- eg. "country, land", lv. tauta- eg."demos, nation, people, country, folk, nationality", gdl. tuath- eg. "peasantry, country people, husbandmen" corespunde i ro.tot i ro. so, il. teuta- eg. "people, a tribe", gdl. pobull- eg. "people, tribe, congregation" ?);

"doarmedus" (lv. dust- eng "sleep");"a jucade bucurie" (lt. digauti- eg. "rejoice, triumph"; lt. diaugsmas- eg. "joy");"btaie de joc" (lat. battalia, lv. izzobot- eg. "deride, satirize, rag, rib, twit, roast"; lat. jocus, lv. jokoties- eg.

"joke, jest, lark", lv. joks- eg. "farce, jock, lark, fun, game", ps. jak wahal- eg. "to talk nonsense, chatter, prattle" ?);"c-i place, cnu-i place" (ro. "de voie, de nevoie"; lat. placere, lv. izplaucts- eg. "forced", lv. izplauct- eg. "force");"supratfoc" (lt. fokusas- eg. "1. focus, 2. trick", lt. fokusininkas- eg. "conjurer, juggler, tricker"; lat. sprre- ro. "a

depi, a ntrece", ps. sipris /suprs- eg. "recommendation, intercession, inducement" ?);"e greu, tare greu" (lat. grevis=gravis, lat. talem; lv. grti- eg. "hard"; ltg. gryui- lv. smagi- eg. "heavily, hard"; np.

grho- eg. "hard, difficult, difficulty, distress"; lv. iegrt- eg. "collapse");

" ud leoarc/ ciuciulete/fleac" (ro. leoarc-"plin de ap, bleac", ro. ud ciuciulete- "a fi ud pn la piele"; irg.fleachadh- eg. "rainwater, a drenching" cf. irg. fliuch- eg. "wet", gdl. fliuch/fliche- eg. "wet", mxg. fliaghey- eg. "rain";vbalt. Lietuvonis/Lytuvonis- eg. "the rain deity", lt. lietingas/lv. lietus i lt. lapias/lv. slapjums, slapj - eg. "wet, rainy", lv.lt- eg. "rain, shower", cf. nume propriu ro. Letea care ar putea fi n conexiune i cu lv. lete- eg. "bar, wood"; ro. ciuciulete= lv.aula- eg. "tegument, shell"+lv. lietus-"wet, rainy", lv. liet- eg. "in the wet"; dar ro. leoarc cf. lt. lauke lapia- eg. "it is wetout of doors", unde lt. lauke- eg. "out of door, outside".);

"beatturt" (lt. beturtis- eg. "indigent, poor person": beat de suprare ?);"ngheatbocn" (ngheat tare; lt. brakinti, lv. brakint- eg. "freeze hard");" rupt de oboseal" (ro. foarte obosit;/eg. flat out;/lt. aptrupti- eg. "become crumbled a little; crumble off", lt.

aptrupinti- eg. " crumble, crumble off");"cuvrfi ndesat" (ro. "din belug, cu prisosin"; lt. viraus- eg. "besides, in addition to, to boot", lt. virum- eg.

"above, over", lat. in-desare);" stele verzi" (se spune cnd cineva primete o lovitur puternic; posibil pierdere sau

contaminare de sens a lt. vaigd- eg. "star" cu lt. aizda- eg. "wound"- "a rni" cf. expresiei lt. mirtama aizda- eg. "fatalwound"+ lt. vertis- eg. "strain after, long to +inf., be dying to+inf."- "lovitur mortal , ran fatal" printr-o confuzie determeni a trecut din lt. aizda n lt. vaigd care a fost tradus ca atare ntr-o prim etap, dup care i lt. vertis i-a pierdutsensul, fiind "lat." ?);

"ia care vrei!" (ro. dup pofta inimii; lv. iekre- eg. "lust, desire", lv. iekrot- eg. "covet, lust"; lat. volere);"afar !" (cu valoare de interjecie: "Iei !"- "Pleac !"- "Du-te !"; lat. ad foras; lv. afra- eg. "hustle; dodge"- "a

mbrnci, a nghionti; a se feri, a se da n lturi"; brt. afo- eg. "quickly");"a se da n lturi" (ps. lr taal- eg. "to refuse admittance, to cease all intercourse". EI);"auzi! " (lv. aiz- eg. "after, abaft, behind, beyond, for, of, with, from, astern of, out of"- "n urma");"ca la mama acas" (lv. mja/ mjas- eg. "home");"mortcopt" (lv. kopt- eg. "groom, tend, foster, attend"- "a ngriji, a ntre ine". EI);"a da bir cu fugiii" (lt. byrti- eg. "fall, pour, run out");"a czut lat" (lv. lauzts- eg. "broken", lv. lauzt- eg. "break, fracture", lv. lauzt k ju- eg. "to fracture ones leg", lat.

latus);


9/95


9

"pn la capt" (lv. kpt- eg. "mount, ascend, climb, rise", lat. capita ?);" cu toii laolalt" (ro. la un loc; lv. laulto draugu- eg. "marital"; lv. laulta draudzene/laultais

draugs- eg. "spouse/ husband");"o, o pe el !" (ro. "cine, sari pe el !" ?; "o": lt. uo- eg. "dog", ht. suwana- eg. "dog" ; "o pe el !": lt. uolis,

uolikas- "salt, sritur", lt. uoliuoti- "a sri");"vi se pare" (ro. rspuns la o acuzaie nedovedit: "nu eu, oricare altul";/eg. not me, every other;/lv. visi prjie- eg.

"all the others, every other", lv. visparastkais- eg. "as common as muck, common or garden", lv. vispr- eg. " generally, all inall, at all");

"adevrul doare" (lt. dora- eg. "morals, honesty" ? EI);" de speriat,< i bagnasul peste tot>" (despre o persoan insistent; lv. izokert- eg. "nose, to ferret out,

to mouse out"- "nas, copoi; a descoperi, a depista, a afla"; lv. izokert, izot- eg. "to smell round, to smell about", ps.spadal or spaal/ spa - eg. "to undo, to unravel, to unfold, to unclose, to unloose, to open the eyes " ? sau ps. spera-kaey- eg. "a poltroon, a low, mean, or miserable fellow, a term of abuse"; lat.expavorere


10/95


10

"glgie" (cu sensul "a se da mare"; lv. galjais- eg. "utmost, uttermost, outside, supreme", lv. galjba- eg."extremeness, extreme, extremity, excess"; n DEX et. nec.);

" bezmetic" (a umbla aiurea, fr scop; lv. bezmrgs- eg. "aimless, driftless, meaningless, objectless,purposeless", lv. baismgs- eg. "fearsome, uncanny, fearful, flagrant", lv. baismgs skats- eg. "fearsome sight"; lat.amphisbeticus ?);

"pe dibuite" (ro. pipind, fr s vad, la ntmplare; lv. daba- eg. "nature, spirit, habit, fibre, kind"; lv. dabjams- eg."gettable, obtainable, procurable, available"; lv. dobj/dobs- eg. "hollow"- "scobit, concav"? A ob ine, a procura n ascuns sauntr-un loc ascuns uznd de simuri ?; n DEX et. nec.);

"p-p" (ro. red zgomotul uor produs de paii cuiva, de mersul n vrful picioarelor; ht. pa- eg. "to swallow"- "a-inbui o emoie, a se stpni; a nghii, a sorbi", ps. pas pasey kawul- eg. "to whisper in the ear, to address in a low voice",ps. pos-posh- eg. "continual or repeated warnings; Take care !");

"deodat " (ro. 1. brusc, subit; 2. n acelai timp, simultan, concomitent; sens 1: lv. draudi- eg."imminence, threat, menace, danger"; sens 2. lv. draudt- eg. "hector, menace, threaten; n expresie: to bluster at");

"gata, bi ?!/ gata treaba ?" (lv. gatavb- eg. "on stand-by"; gdl. theab- eg. "missed doing, nearly did"; ex.: gdl. theabmi tuiteam- eg. "I nearly fell" rarely used in any other tense; gdl. tairbhe- eg. "profit, advantage, usefulness", gdl. treabh-eg. "plough, till the ground", gdl. treabhachas- eg. "husbandry, arable farm");

"ba e gata!" (rspuns la "tot nu-i gata ?"; lt. baigta- eg. "ready, thats all ! ");"mai e cam..." (la ntrebarea: "Ct mai e pn la... ?"; lv. iekams- "before, pending"- "nainte, pn la"; ps. kam- eg.

"adj. chiefly used in composition; less, little, deficient, scanty, seldom, etc");"a gti/a gta" (ro. 1. a isprvi, a sfri; 2. despre mncruri: a prepara, a pregti la foc; 3. a se mbrca frumos,

a se mpodobi; sensuri 1 i 3: lv. gatavot- eg. "make, prepare, groom, fit, do"- "a face, a pregti, a ngriji/ferchezui/dichisi, apotrivi, a svri", ps. gaal/ga - eg. "to gain, to acquire, to win, to get, to realize, to derive, to comeby, to bag, to profit, to turn to profit. 2. To worst, to beat, to check-mate, to nonsuit, etc"; sensuri 1 i 2: arb. gatanj- it. "vt.

preparare");" grea" (ro.: gravid; lv. grta- eg. "gravid, pregnant, big");" greu/greuti " (ro. a ntmpina dificulti; lv. dot- eg. "impart, bestow, give, inflict, render, deliver,

returne", lv. grti- eg. "hard", lv. grtbas- eg. "hardship, privation, difficulty, involvement, trouble, pressure");"nveninat de..." (lv. iekvlint- eg. "enkindle, inflame, kindle, fire, flush", lat. venenum);"este ruinos" (despre un timid care are ceva de comunicat, altcineva l prezint; lv. ierosinos- eg. "proponent,

suggestive", ps. sarm laral- eg. "to have modesty or bashfulness", ps. s arm-nk- eg. "bashful, modest, coy" ? Lat. roseus);"la e! " (lv. ielaist- eg. "admit, usher, run, to let in, to let into");"ei, acu!" (lv. ielgo- eg. "mind you !");"aa nu! " (lv. izsaiot- eg. "unpack, uncase" ?);"te rog!" (lv. ielgt- eg. "invite, bid, ask", lat. rogare. EI);"api cine?"(cnd cineva se gndete la cine s apeleze pentru ajutor, la o persoan din vecintate ?; ltg. apleicne- lv.

apkrtne- eg. "adjacency, environement, vicinage, entourage, neighbourhood, surroundings"; ltg. apleicne- lv. apgabals- eg."district, region, area, county". EI);

"nma nu te gndi c..." (ro. indic restricia, exclusivitatea: nu+mai sau lat. non magis ?; ltg. nmane/atmane- lv.apzia- eg. "sense, consciousness" ? Ps. gundi- eg. "perhaps, by chance".);

"apleac-te asupra..." (lat. applicare; ltg. apleik- lv. apkrt- eg. "round, about"- "de jur mprejur, peste tot". EI);

"a avea ceva asupra sa/asupra sa au venit..." (lat. ad-supra; ltg. atspriekle/atspriekli vn t ?- lv. atmuguriski- eg."aback, backward"- "n/pe spate". EI);"ca lumea!" (lv. laime- eg. "blessedness, happiness, luck, felicity, fortune, blessing, chance, paradise");"ca nelumea!" (ltg. namums- lv. satraukums- eg. "discomposure, disquiet, inquietude, take-on, turn-on, commotion,

fret, unrest, perturbation, agitation, convulsion, disturbance, trepidation, vexation, ferment, pulse, feeling");"numai c, atta c" (lat. non magis, lat. eccum-tantum, ltg. nmane/atmane- lv. apzia- eg. "consciousness, sense"-

"contiin, sens"?);"oare ce s fie?" (cnd cineva vrea s repare ceva sau cnd s-a produs un eveniment nedorit care putea provoca o

pierdere, distrugere; lv. ierce- eg. "appliance, fix-up, gadget, instrument, device, rig, set, facility, contrivance");"ce-ai pit?" (lv. just patiku- eg. "love, fancy, to be fond, to go for, to have a liking"; lv. just nepatiku- eg. "to take an

aversion, to feel an objection", ps. pesal/pes - eg. "to endure, to suffer, to sustain, to bear "; ps. psawul- eg. "to raise, awaken, erect, set upright, stir up, stimulate"; ek. aipatu/ aipatzen- fr. "mentionner,parler de", lat. pati);

"mur-n gur" (ht. muri- eg. "a berry", ht. murijan- eg. "a bunch of grapes");" varz" (lv. varza- eg. "1. crowd, gang; 2. pack"; lv. varkrupis- eg. "spadefoot, garlic toad", lv. varza- eg. "corn,

wart", lat. virdia);"a-i iei nainte" (lat. exire; lv. ieana- eg. "going, walk, walking". EI);

"nu-i aa?" (pentru a obine un accept sau ntrebare retoric; dar i cu scopul de a atrage atenia asupra cuiva sauceva dup o scurt introducere: "e ca lumea !, nu-i aa ?"; lv. iznkana- eg. "come-out, coming-out, appearance"- "a reiei, adeveni clar; apariie");

"n-are cum!" (lv. iznkums- eg. "outcome, upshot, event, offspring, issue, end");"Uite cum ! Cu grij !" (lv. jutgums- eg. "sensitiveness, sensitivity, sensibility, susceptibility, rawness, tenderness,

delicacy". EI);"numai eutiu ct de greu a fost !" (lt. atti- eg. "come tearing along"- "a deveni istovitor, epuizant");"arzi, arzoie/dorin arztoare" (ro. arzoi, arzoaie- "aprins, nfocat"; ltg. aizkorsums- lv. kaisle- eg. "pash, lust,

passion"- "poft trupeasc, dorin, pasiune", ps. r-z- eg. "wish, desire, hope, distress, want"; lat. ardere);


11/95


11

"se ofer careva ?" (vreunul, oarecare, cineva; lv. kareivis- eg. "effective, soldier", lv. kareiv gs- eg. "bellicose,militant, belligerant, martial, soldierly", lv. kareivji- eg. "man, other ranks");

"caui ceart? " (lat. certare; lv. karot- eg. "fight, war, to make/wage war, to be at war", lv. karot js- eg. "fighter");" cai cum..."(lv. kas jums kai?- eg. " whats the matter with you?; whats wrong with you ?");"ca snu..." (dup propoziii negative; lv. kas ne- eg. "but");"a se nciera/ncierare" (din ro. caier/lat. caiulus; lv. kauja- eg. "battle, combat, fight, engagement, action");"a cocoloi" (a rsfa, a rzgia;/eg. to spoil;/lv. kukuoana- eg. "bribery"- "mit, mituire");"a corcoli/corconi" (a rsfa; a trgna; et. nec.; lv. kurkulis- eg. "tadpole"- "mormoloc", lv. kurku i- eg. "spawn"-

"odrasle, plozi; icre");"a pune cuiva cluul n gur" (a mpiedica pe cineva s vorbeasc cf. ro. clu- mototol de crpe introdus n gura unei

persoane pentru a o mpiedica s strige; lv. klusi- eg. "quietly", lv. kluss- eg. "close-lipped, noiseless, quiet, silent, wordless");"a-i crpabuza/mseauadupceva" (a avea mare nevoie de ceva; lat. crepare; lv. krpas- eg. "expectoration, sputa,

sputum". EI),"a fi punga/a ine n pung" (et. nec.; lv. kuis- eg. "stomach, belly, bread-basket , the inner man"-

"stomac, co de pine, om ascuns");"a i se face gurapung" (ro. senzaie de acru; ps. ulga- eg. "a small mouth". EI);"a fi luat de val/a-l lua valul" (lv. aut vau- eg. "wreak, uncork, unleash, exhale, riot; to open the floodgates, to give

way, to give/let loose, to run riot, to give vent", unde eg. wreak- "a-i da fru liber mniei, a-i vrsa mnia, a rzbuna");"Valea!" (ro. Pleac !; Plecai imediat !; lat. vallis; lt. valyti- eg. "clean, brush"- "a cura, a terge, a peria", lt. valus-

eg. "tidy, neat, clean; easily cleaned" sau irg. abhaile- eg. "home", irg. sa bhaile- eg. "at home". EI);" din plin" (ro. din abunden; lat. plenus; ltg. pylnai- lv. daudz- eg. "many, much, considerably;

deal, far, very; great deal , far and away". EI);"mai cu grij/mai potolii-v i voi !" (lv. maigums- eg. "fondness, mildness, clemency, gentleness, tenderness,

geniality, delicacy, mellowness", lv. maigs- eg. "dulcet, clement, gentle, mild, tender, balmy, benign, maidenlike, silky, soft,delicate, kind, melting, mellow, open, soft". EI);"a avea mncri" (lat. manducare; lv. mantkrgs- eg. "grasping, greedy, mercenary, rapacious", lv.

mantkrba- eg. "rapacity, greed, greediness"-" lacom");"cum le vine la ndemn..." (lv. lavna- eg. "avalanche, billow");"Tu o s stai pn mine aici !" (ro. cnd cuiva nu-i convine modul cum altcineva i desfoar activitatea i l d

deoparte ca s-i arate cum se face; lv. pamiens- eg. "modus, manner, method, shift, stroke, touch");"los" (ro. cu lae, fir lung, mios; lv. lcis- eg. "bruin, bear, backwoodsman", lv. lcgs- eg. "bearish, cubbish". EI);"ap lin" (lv. lna upe- eg. "lazy river", lv. lni- eg. "leisurely, slow, slowly, heavily"; lat. lenus/lenis);"a oticlui " (ro. a da unei afirmaii mincinoase aparena de adevr; et. nec. n DEX; lt. tikslumas- eg. "precision,

exactness, accuracy, punctuality", lt. tikslus- eg. "exact, precise, accurate, punctual");"a se cciuli" (ro. a se njosi, ploconi, umili; sg. kaioliavms- lt. kutenimas- eg. "tickling, ticklish"- "a gdila" ?;

sg. kaioliout- lt. kutenti- eg. "tickle", sg. kaiolt- lt. kamuoti- eg. "torment, torture, weary, wear out, tire"- "a sci" ?; sg.kaiolt- lt. varginti- eg. "torment, weary, tired, fatigue, trouble"- "chin, griji, ncurctur, nevoi" ?);

"a fi repezit/a se repezi/la repezeal" (ro. n grab, n prip, nestpnit; 1. sg. repeiuot/ repekoti- lt. eiti rplomis,unde lt. eiti- eg. "walk, move, run", lt. rplomis- eg. "crawling, on all fours"; sg. repekoti- lt. repekenti- eg. "creep, crawl";2. sg. repiea- lt. kas isiskts, nerangus, nevikriai eina- eg. "who move one's leg apart; slow, sluggish, clumsy, awkward"-

"nendemnatic, grosolan, fr tact" ?; ps. apedal/apej/apeg - eg. "to shake, to move, to tremble, to be agitated, towrithe, to toss about, to bob, to wag, to palpitate", ps. apedanah or rapedah orapawul- eg. "1. to agitate, to toss, totumble, to buffet, to wallop; 2. to wag the tongue, to prate, to chatter, to cackle, to jabber, to talk nonsense; 3. to wag ormove the tongue as a horse, etc. when afflicted with a disease to which that animal is liable; 4. to rinse or cleanse "; considerat derivat al ro. repede< lat. rapdus);

"asta !/aceasta !" (sg. t- lt. tai- eg. "here");"pe msurce... " (lv. pamazm- eg. "gradually, bit by bit, bit and by");"e bine pe mta !" (vulgar, rspuns la: "e bine ? "; lv. pamatgs- eg. "deep-minded, detailed, proper, nice, good". Ps.

bey maall- eg. "out of place; adv. improperly". EI);"a fi pe lng" (lv. palga- eg. "auxiliary", unde ro. lng cf. ps. lndey- eg. "below, under, beneath, down". Informativ

ps. ingah- eg. "a female who accompanies and waits on a bride for a few days after marriage, generally a female relation"care conduce poate la ro. lingu- ro. "o persoan obedient , dornic s fac plcere unei persoane cu influen" ? Ps. beyhangm- eg. "untimely" ?);

"pcal " (ps. pah al-mal wa-yal- eg. "to speak one's mind, to speak frankly, to speak without mincing matters"sau ps. al-mal- eg. "unfeigned , unreserved, frank, candid, sincere, free spoken" conduce i la expresia "a fipe cai mari" cu sensul de "a fi susinut, sprijinit". Se spune despre cineva care "s-a ajuns", "i permite s vorbeasc" ? Ps.pahla- eg. "a hero, a champion, a wrestler" ? EI);

"a fi pe cai mari" (ps. pah al-mal wa-yal- eg. "to speak one's mind, to speak frankly, to speak without mincingmatters" sau ps. al-mal- eg. "unfeigned , unreserved, frank, candid, sincere, free spoken". EI);

"pe cale de..." (lv. paklau- eg. "now then");"cum necum" (indiferent cum, vrnd-nevrnd;/eg. willing or unwilling;/ lv. nelikumgs- eg. "illicit, unlawful,

unlicensed, illegal", lv. nelikumba- eg. "illegality, illegitimacy"; ps. km-n-km- eg. "willing or unwilling, nolens volens", ps.wh na-wh or wh ma-wh- eg. "willing or not willing, nolens volens, absolutely, at all events");

"de neiertat" (lv. neieredzt- eg. "abominate, loathe", lv. nerts- eg. "incommodious, inconvenient, embarrassing,uncomfortable, uneasy, unhandy, awkward");

"nemaiauzit" (lv. neaudzints- eg. "uncultured, uneducated, unmanerly, ignorant");"neaprat s..." (lv. neatkargs- eg. "independent, free, autonomic", lv. neatkarg- eg. "on one's own");


12/95


12

"neapreciat" (lv. neapprecties- eg. "to stay single");"ajungem labalamuc !" (exprim dezordinea sau distrugerea prin neglijen, impasivitatea, preteniile exagerate ale

unei persoane; glgie, dezordine, zpceal; corespunde mai bine sg. balamts- lt. nenaudelis- eg. "disadvantage, damage,harm"; sg. balamts- lt. apgavikas- eg. "deceiver, cheat, fraud; swindler, knave" dect lv. balamutgs- eg. "rattlebrained,rattleheaded"- "zpcit, nuc, aiurit, zevzec" care explic sensul propriu al ro. balamuc- "cas de nebuni");

"a-i abatemnia" (sg. abazos- lt. pulkas/kariuomen- eg. "army, forces", ps. abtar- eg. "ruined, spoiled, worthless;dissolute, wanton", ps. abtar kawul- eg. "to spoil, to ruin");

"a lucra curat/a trece pe curat" (eg. accuracy; sg. akrat- eg. lt. tiksliai, i tikrj- eg. "exactly,precisely"; lat. curare);

"acurat" (ro. reg. nv. Tr.: acurat- "tocmai"; sg. akrat- lt. tiksliai- eg. "exactly, precisely");"crud/cruzime" (eg. cruel, cruelty; sg. akrtnos- lt. stiprus/ baisus/ nemonikas- eg. "terrible, horrible, frightful,

fearful, dreadful, awful, scary"; lat. crudus);" se pare c..." (lv. pareot- eg. "predict, pronosticate, prophesy, augur, forecast, foreshadow", lv. parea- eg.

"augural", ps. misl- eg. " simile, parable, saying, example");"pare-se ce bine" (lv. pareizi- eg. "aright, accurately, correctly, right, true, properly, right on", ps. bar-ser- eg.

"apparent, clear, visible, obvious, palpable, manifest, distinct" );"pareaz!" (lt. pareizi ! pareizi !- eg. "hear ! hear !". EI);"pe rnd" (lv. parinde- eg. "footer"- "pieton", poate cu sensul de "la pas". EI);"se furpe rupte" (lv. parpties- eg. "see, to see about"- "a cerceta, a urmri, a fi atent la... ", lv. parpties par- eg.

"to look to, to see to". EI);"e doar una" (lt. tra- eg. "there is only, there are only"; lat. de-hora; EI);" m ignori ?" (lat. ignorare, lv. ignort- eg. "disregard, ignore, defy, disdain, override");"pesemne" (ro. probabil; lt. signum, ltg. pzynums- lv. atzia unde lv. atzinba- eg. "acknowledgement, appreciation,

distinction, recognition"; ps. pamn- " disgrace, regret, sorrow, penitence, repentance, shame" posibil doarcoinciden fonetic);"nite" (lt. nescio quid- ro. "nu tiu ce", ltg. nazcik- lv. dai- eg. "couple, several, a few, some few");"la mineacas" (lv. mtne- eg. "lodging, home", ps. minah- eg. "a house, a dwelling, a place of residence, a mansion";

lt. casa. Ps. kz/ kznah- eg. "the den of a wild beast; a cavern in which men or sheep are lodged in the winter" mai apropiatde ro. cazemat ? EI);

"a fi n gleat" (ro. a fi la ananghie ?;/ps. galat/galatnah - eg. "an error, a mistake, a blunder; wrong,erroneous, mistaken" ? Pentru sensul propriu ro. gleat: ps. altah- eg. "a bag, a haversack, a wallet", ps. jalatah- eg. "akind of hamper or large basket with a cover for keeping grain in");

"s-a ziscu ei" (ro. s-a terminat cu ei ? cnd s-a dat la iveal un plan, o conspiraie; lat. dicere; ps. szis kawul- eg. "toplot, to combine, to get up a conspiracy"; ps. szis - eg. "collusion, combination, confederacy, conspiracy, plot, cabal". EI);

"a spla/tergeputina" (lat. putna ?; ps. pitnah- eg. "sedition, mutiny, mischief, perfidy". EI);"gurmare" (ps.al-mal- eg. "unfeigned , unreserved, frank, candid, sincere, free spoken"; lat. gla

cf. it.,cat. gola, fr. gueule; ps. ulah- eg. "the mouth, orifice, entrance", ps. go-lah- eg. "a mouthful", gdl. gul- eg. "weeping,lamenting");

"a stura pe cineva/sturat" (ps. sawar-kawul- eg. "to vanquish, to give a defeat unto");"a dafata/a da n cstorie"(ro. logodna fetei; gdl. psda- eg. "married", gdl. psadh- eg. "marrying, marriage", ps.

wdah- eg. "a promise, vow, agreement, bargain, assignation, appointment", ps. wdah- eg. "a marriage, a wedding, amarriage festival". Din ps. poate i ro. adunare- eg. "assemblage"- "mulime de oameni" ? Ps. kuj-danah- eg. "betrothing,asking or promise in/of marriage, affiance, betrothment"; ps. kuj-danah kawul- eg. "to affiance, to betroth, to engage");

"a datora"(ps. wdah taal or wdah kawul- eg. "to enter into an agreement, to bargain, to agree, to promise");"ndat" (ps. an-dak/ an-dakah - eg. "little, few, small");"a bate tare/ru tare" (despre fenomenele atmosferice, vnt, ploaie; ps. bad tar/ bad tarah- eg. "worse, bad", ps. bd

lwatal- eg. "to blow as the wind", ps. bd- eg. "wind, air, breeze, gale". EI);"Sdea Domnul/Cum dDomnul/ Cu Domnul" (Ps. sattr- eg. "one who covers, an attribute of God" cf. alb. Zoti

i cf. ro. "s dea..." ? Ps. ud-e- eg. "God",ps. ude jo- eg. "By God! so help me God!" poate cf. ro. "cum d" ?);"Doamne pzete !"(ps. ws, ude di pah zermah or ermah sah- eg. "God bless thee! God be good to thee!

God be merciful to thee! The Lord comfort thee !");"a se arta"(lat. arrectare; ps. pah artah or. pah aratah (W.)- eg. "the first visit of a lover to the house of

his betrothed" ?);"mi bagp**a"(ps. papula or papulah- eg. "spontaneously, of one's own accord or free will, voluntarily" ?);

"mai cevadect" (ps. m-siw- eg. "besides, moreover, save, over and above");"m rog.../ ndruga/hodorog" (ro. a. exprim nencrederea; b. a spune minciuni; c. persoan aflat n stare de

decrepitudine care nu prezint ncredere n ceea ce spune; ps. darog- eg. "a falsehood, a lie, an untruth");

"nu pleca !"(ro. mai stai, o clip !; ps. palak or pilak- eg. "the eyelid; a moment, an instant");"...i ia-l de unde nu-i" (ro. despre cineva absent; ps. yalah- eg. "free, liberated, at large, unrestrained, uncontrolled,

unbridled, unrestricted, disengaged, free and easy, irresponsible, etc.; wandering, vagabond, dissolute", gdl. daonnda- eg."humane, charitable". EI);

"i pe urm ?" (ro. exprim nencrederea privind consecinele unei aciuni; ps. bey urmat- eg. "disgrace", ps. beyurmat- eg. "disgrace, dishonour". EI);

"l plimb decolo-colo" (ps. alr-alr- eg. "gently, slowly, softly" sau ps. kar-r kar-r- eg. "gently, slowly, softly,leisurely". EI);

"se aseamn" (ps. sarah-sam- eg. "equally, in the same manner or degree");


13/95


13

" vr nasul" (ro. cnd se refer la pregtirea mncrii n buctrie; ps. nasa-war- eg. "big-bellied, pot-bellied,a big belly");

"ce-ai aranjat ?" (ps. sah rangah or sangah- eg. "How? in what manner? by what means? in what state orcondition?");

"a veni dehac" (ps. a- eg. "the truth, justice, rectitude, right, equity, just claim, portion, etc.");"faci ca m-ta/exact ca m-ta" (ps. ka-ma/ kaah maah- eg. "exact, similar, precise, resembling, twin,

analogous, allied to, as like as two peas, a chip of the old block, the very image, the picture of, true to nature". EI);"din scurt" (ps. turt- eg. "instantly, immediately, quickly, directly, hastily". EI);"curat sufletete" (ps. karah- eg. "pure, prime, first sort, genuine, unadulterated; honest, sincere, candid"+ps.

ragdaey- "pure, simple, true, unadulterated, unmixed, genuine". EI);"ce se tot cacpe el!" (ro. se spune cnd cineva ezit s ndeplineasc o solicitare, de frica consecinelor ?; ps. kagey

pey- eg. " Bandy-legged, knock- kneed");"femeie uoar" (ps. sarr- eg. "depravity, wickedness, villany, malignancy, evil", ps. -sik- eg. "making love,

courtship, gallantry, the state of being a lover, love, amour");"la comun" (ps. aum/ aumnah- eg. "a tribe, a sect, a people, a nation, a family");"plin de via/ a nviat" (ps. n-wiyt/n-wiytah- eg. "rare, peerless, nonesuch, crack, matchless, tip-top, admirable,

choice");"aci, p-acia/harcea-parcea"(ps. -cey p-cey- eg. "twaddle, nonsense, absurdity, foolish talk, ridiculousness". EI);"a face clbuci"(ps. pc goe- eg. "nonsense, absurdity, folly, rigmarole, inconsistency", ps. pc-goe kawul- eg. "to

talk absurdly or inconsistently" poate sub forma ps. goe pc. EI);"a fi dus cu capul/ a-i lipsi o duz"(ps.dzah- eg. "nonsense, foolish talk, folly, absurdity", ps. dzaey- eg." a talker of

nonsense, a fool, a blockhead, a simpleton, a booby");"a sare cu gura" (ps. sar-guroh- eg. "a leader, a ringleader");

"a se uda tot/toat (ro. a dori intens pe cineva; ps. saud/saudw - eg. "melancholy, madness;love, desire, ambition");

"s-a jurat c..."(ps. rat- eg. "by no means, by no means whatever". EI );"i-a servit o bucat/ doar pocnete din degete i gata !" (ps. puk at swal or kedal- eg. "to be lost ", unde ps. puk- eg. "opportunity, suitable or proper time, turn, juncture, crisis, chance, thenick of time");

"s dea dracu !" (ps. sar dard or sar-i-dard/sar dardnah- eg. "headache, trouble, anxiety", ps. sar dard- eg."vexation, trouble, toil". EI);

"uit-te, mi, unde-arunci!"(gdl. urchair-thuiteamais- eg. "accidental or stray shot".);"a-i face felul " (gdl. fealla- eg. "treachery", gdl. feall-fhalach- eg. "ambuscade" );"putoarea de sor-ta... " (gdl. piuthar/peathraichean- eg. "sister");"pe unde Dumnezeu zace?" (gdl. toimhseachan- eg. "a riddle, enigma");"fel de mncare" (irg. feoil/feola- eg. "meat");"Ce mai e nou ?/ Dracu tie" (irg. aon scal- eg. "any news ?", rspunsul este: irg. diabhal scal- eg. "the devil a

thing- meaning nothing at all" ? EI);"ia-lei du-te" (irg. le do thoil- eg. "please". EI);"...trntete cte una..." (gdl. treuntas/treuntais- eg. "strenght, power")

"mtot freac/f**e la creier/cap" (ro. "m plictisete"; zb. ferat/isk. frut- eg. "ask, he asked"; irg. fiafraigh- eg. "ask",gdl. faighnich- eg. "ask");"aia da treab" (gdl. aitreabh- eg. "building, steading");"a umbla cu sru mna" (gdl. searmonaich- eg. "preach").

Exemple de expresii ce pot fi considerate drept dacisme slavizate:" mlc/ca melcul" (lat. tacere; ro. mlc: vsl. mlati, ch. mlky- eg. "muteness", lv. pamugs- eg.

"softwitted, sheepish, soft" ?; ro. "ca melcul": lv. kurlmmais- eg. "deaf-mute", lv. kurlmms- eg. "deaf-mute, deaf anddumb". EI);

"cu treabpe lngcas" (vsl. trba; lt. troba- eg. "cottage, house, farmhouse");"cu trud" (vsl. trud; lt. trukdymas- eg. "hindrance, setback, interference, delay", lt. trukdyti- eg. "hinder, hamper,

impede, prevent, interfere with...; disturb, trouble; detain, delay, inconvenience", irg. toradh/tortha- eg. "result, fruit" ?);"e maivrstnic" (lt. vyresnis- eg. "elder", sl. vrusta);"srac lipit" (deseori se spune doar srac lipit; lv. laupana- eg. "rapine, robbery, sack, pillage, plunder,

brigandage", lv. laupt- eg. "bereave, bereft, despoil, pillage, plunder, rob, denude, widow, prey", vsl. lpiti, bg, sbc. sirak,zb./isk. shilakh- eg. "poor, needy" );

"sfie pzit de rele!" (lv. iepazt- eg. "to know, to be wise", vsl. paziti);" vedeavrful nasului" (lt. virunos- anat. "bridge of the nose"- "rdcina nasului", sl. vrh);"a i se sui tot sngele nvrful capului" (ltg. vierss- lv. auga- eg. "top, head", sl. vrh);"aidoma ie !" (ro. asemntor;/eg. living, very, all over;/lv. iedom jies tikai- eg. "just imagine !, just fancy !", sl.

vidom- "vizibil");" vzutaievea !" (lv. iedvesmas gars- eg. "daemon"; lv. ietve- eg. "sidewalk, pavement, foot path, walk"; skt.

iva- eg. "as if, like"; bg. jave);"trai pe vtrai" (ro. "via uoar, lipsit de griji"; lt. vtrin- eg. "roofprotecting plank", sg. vtrin- lt. vtrung- eg.

"weathercock, weathervane"- "giruet"; lt. vieta- eg. "place, spot, site"; sbc. vtralj, bg. vatral);" cresta pe rboj" (lv. iegriezt robu- eg. "snick"- "tietur sau cresttur uoar", bg., sbc. rabo);" pe vatr" (expresia ro. "pe vatr" reproduce lv. pavards- eg. "kitchen-range, furnace, hearth, fireplace,

range"; aro. vatra; cf. alb. vatre, h. vatra- eg. "fireplace", arb. vtr- it. "foccolare", sbc. vatra- eg. "fire"; h. vaterca- eg. "foc


14/95


14

mic"; gdl. teallach- eg. "hearth, fire-place, smiths forge", fr. l' tre ?, eg. hearth ?; expresia putea fi "pine la vatr", dar paren conexiune cu lv.);

"e vdit c..." (clar, limpede, evident, dar i cu sensul de "se demonstreaz c..., se dovedete c"; vsl. vaditi; lv.ievadt- eg. "prelude, premise, premiss, precede, initiate, preface, inaugurate, introduce", lv. ievads- eg. "preamble, lead-in,prelude, introduction");

"a se face debasm/bsn" (a exagera, a se face de pomin; vsl. basn; lv. izpausme- eg. "expression, manifestation,utterance, exercise, taint, vent, show; loose"; lv. izpaust- eg. "divulge, betray, expose"; lv. izpaust noslpumu- eg. "to givethe the game away, to give away the show, to tell a secret");

"ap ispitor" (persoan pus s suporte consecinele pentru greelile altora, calchiat dup exemplul biblic; lv.izpauana- eg. "utterance, telling, exposure", n romn pstrat poate o perioad cu sensul de mrturisire?; vsl. spasiti- "amntui"),

"a sluji drepttlmaci" (a interpreta, a tlcui; cm. telma, vsl. tlmaiti, pl. tumaczy , ps. tarjumah- eg. "translation,interpretation" ?; tc. tercme etmek);

"cu tlc" (cu rost, socoteal; lv. tulkot- "a traduce" ?; vsl. tlk);"iscusit/iscoditor, socoate" (vsl. iskusiti, vsl. ischoditi, lv. izsekoana- eg. "espial, tracing", lv. izsekot- eg. "spoor,

retrace, trace, track, deduce, scrutinize, shadow, derive, nose, to be after, to hunt down, to run back, to spy into, to spy on" icf. ro. socot/socoate);

"a nvrti pe aici/a nvrti pe toate prile " (vsl. vrtti, ltg. vrts/ apsavrt- lv. apskatt- eg. "examine,inspect, view, survey, see, visit, do");

"ce tot daivina !? " (vsl. vina; lv. iedod to viai- eg. "give it to her" ? EI);"ia-l iute" (a lua "tare" pe cineva, a obine o confesiune rapid prin intimidare sau apel la sentimentalism; lv. jtami-

eg. "aloud", lv. jtas- eg. "sentiment, emotion, feeling, quick", lv. jtelgs- eg. "namby-pamby, pettish", vsl. ljut);"e vdit lucru" (ro. vdit: evident, demonstrat; demascat; not: explicaia din DEX este seaci nu include fatalismul

prevzut din sensul expresiei; vsl. vaditi; ltg. vuodeit/aizvuodeit- lv. kaitt- eg. "harm, damnify, scathe, blight, malign,prejudice, blast, stab, to do harm");"a fi crpa cuiva" (om fr personalitate, care face ntotdeauna ce i se spune; bg. krpa, sbc. krpa; lv. kalpot- eg.

"serve", lv. kalps- eg. "menial, servant, knave, varlet, retainer, man");"alene" (ro. n ritm ncet, fr grab; vsl. ln; lv. lni- eg. "leisurely, slow, slowly, heavily");"adovedi " (ro. a rezolva, a finaliza, a reui s finalizeze o sarcin grea; sg. davadt- lt. tvarkyti-

eg. "put in good order, order, set/put to rights, regulate; master, manage, control, keep, run; clean, tidy"- "a pune n ordine";vsl. dovesti);

"agoni, prigoni, izgoni" (ro. a alunga; sg. guont- lt. ikeikti- eg. "scold, rail , abuse, curse, damn"; sg. guont-lt. iplsti - eg. "scold, rail , abuse; come/rise to the surface, emerge"; vsl. goniti);

"a ispiti" (ro. a tenta, a momi, a ademeni; sg. ipt- lt. iteti- eg. "soften, grow pulpy"- "a nmuia, a slbi, a cretemoale"; sg. ipt- lt. ibjurti - eg. "deteriorate, become worse; become soft"; vsl. ispytati);

"a fi strivit " (ro. a fi copleit de griji, necazuri, probleme; sg. itrivuot- lt. itverti- eg. "bear, stand,endure, undergo; stand"; vsl. sutryvati);

"a fi rzboinic" (ro. agresiv; tlhar; lupttor; sg. razbainnks- lt. plikas/ niekad jas, unde lt. plikas- eg. "robber,plunderer, burglar, brigand", lt. niekadarys- eg. "idler, loafer, jester, buffoon" ?);

"pe est" (ro. pe ascuns; 1. sg. iekts- lt. iukl- eg. "sweepings, rubbish"- "mizerie, gunoi", ro. poate cu

sensul de a face ceva necurat ?; 2. lv. paslpts- eg. "hidden", sg. slaptuoms- lt. slapia- eg. "secretly, in secret, on the sly"pb. influenat de rs. est- "ase i atenie !" din care se consider c a derivat);"a facezmbre" (ro. a rvni, a jindui; argou: a face scandal; sg. zambriniet- lt. valkiotis- eg. "hang about, lounge

about, roam, rove, loaf"; sg. zambriniet- lt. dykinti - eg. "idle, loaf"; sg. zambrautis- lt. skubiai iekoti- eg. "look/search in hurry"; sg. zambrautis- lt. graibytis - eg. "grope "; pl. zabrze < sl. zonb- "dinte" ?);

"a se face zob" (ro. a se sparge n frme, a se face praf; bg., sbc. zob- "mertic" ?; sg. z bs- lt. smgis- eg. "blow,stroke, thrust, stab, kick, punch, cuff; impact"; ps. jabr- eg. "oppression, violence, strength, force, power" ?);

"cade zpad" (vsl. zapaditi- "a cdea" ?, lv. ieputint- eg. "snow", lv. ieputints- eg. "snowbound", wk. zam- eg."snow"+isk. varf- eg. "snow"; ps. sapak- eg. "a flake of snow, a pellicle" + ps. dal- eg. "to rain, to fall, as snow orhail, to drizzle, to mizzle, to drop, to trickle, to distil", np. turo- eg. "hoarfrost, frost; dew; snow". Contaminare ? EI);

"a se pomeni de...." (ro.: s-a amintit de cineva sau ceva; vsl. pominti; lv. pamant- eg. "espy, note, notice, meet, totake notice, to catch sight, twig");

"nu-i drgudin partea..." (lv. nedraudzgs- eg. "unfriendly"; vsl. drag);"a i se nzri" (ltg. aizarkt/ aizrkt- lv. iekliegties- eg. "to give a cry, to cry out";lv. ne reizi- eg. "never" ?, ps. nar-

eg. "a gift, a present, an offering", ps. nar war-kawul- eg. "to make a present, to present a gift" ? Apropiere fonetic,diferen flagrant semantic. EI Vsl. nazirati);

"obicei/ca de obicei" (ro. deprindere, obinuin; sg. abiajus- lt. prapatimas/protis- eg. "habit"; sg. abiec- lt.

tapetai, unde lt. tapenti- eg. "tread"- "a urma un drum"; bg. obiaj, gdl. bhaist, irg. bas- eg. "habit", gdl. beus- eg. "conduct,habit, behaviour, virtue"; DER: din vsl. uiti- "a nva". Informativ, gdl. treabhachas- eg. "husbandry, arable farm", dc.slavizat ?);

"bietul nostru printe" (cnd se amintete cu respect despre cineva decedat; sg. bieda- lt. nelaim- eg. "misfortune,bad/ill luck", sg. biednos- lt. vargas/neturtingas- eg. "poor, indigent" influenate de vsl. bdn cf.h. bidn- "srac" sau delat. vieto- "trecut, vechi". Ps. bey hes- eg. "for nothing, without reason".);

"a boscorodi " (ro. a vorbi singur, spunnd vorbe nenelese; a mustra mereu pe cineva; a descnta; lv.paskaidrot- eg. "explain, ilustrate", lv. paskaidrojams- eg. "explicable", lv. paskaidrojos- eg. "elucidatory, explanatory,explicative, expositive, illustrative, declaratory"; rut. bozkorditi);


15/95


15

"a da de necaz" (lv. nekas- eg. "fuck-all, naught, nihility, nil, nix, nothing, nought"; bg. nkaz- "nenorocire",sbc. nakaz- "avorton", ceh, nakaz- "epidemie". EI);

"tocmai" (lt. toks- eg. "such"- "de acelai fel, asemntor; aa, asemenea, astfel de"; vsl. tkmu. Rut. tokma,tokmyty posibil din ro.);

"a cloci" (lv. auklt + ltg. oceit ?, unde lv. auklt= ltg. oceit- eg. "incubate, nurse", bg. kloi din bg. klo- ro. "acotcorozi" ?);

"cntecdejale/e dejale" (bocet; lat. canticum, lv. dziesma/dzejolis- eg. "song"; bg. alja- "durere", ps. arar- eg. "1.injury, damage, detriment, loss, ruin. 2. anguish, affliction", ps. all- eg. "abject, mean, base, contemptible, wretched", ps.all kedal- eg. "to become debased, abject, contemptible", hd. jaln- eg. "to burn"- a incinera mortul ? Traco-dacii nungropau, ci incinerau morii. Pentru primul sens, poate iniial un dublet latin-dacic care i-a deviat sensul ulterior, indicndastfel o specie de cntec ?);

"a fi leat cu cineva" (ro. a fi de acceai vrst cu cineva, dar i cu sensul de contingent; sl. lto cf. sl. v lto- ro. "nanul", ps. lo-ya/ lo-yaah or lo-ya-nah - eg. "greatness, largeness, magnitude, size; grandeur, eminence", gdl.lach/laichean - eg. "brood, tribe, generation; set of oars, set of nails");

"rou n obraji/obrjori" (ps. rog jo/ rogah-joah - eg. "well, healthy and strong");"a se da zmeu" (ps. z-ms- eg. "1. trial, proof, essay, examination, experiment. 2. temptation");"vai i amar" ( ps. bey samar- eg. "fruitlessness" ?);"n clipa n care..." (ps. har kalah cih- eg. "whenever");"venic" (ps. har wat- eg. "always, at all times, each time").

Exemple de expresii ce includ cuvinte care sunt atribuite etimologic limbii maghiare, dar existi n alte limbi IE/indo-iraniene (filiera ar putea fi comun: n ro. pe filiersarmatic/agatrs/ossetin jassic, n maghiar pe filier sarmatic/ ossetin jassic ?):

"de/a lua pild" (ro. de model, de exemplu; mg. plda; lv. izpilde- eg. "performance, execution, run", lv. izpild jums-eg. "accomplishment, performance", lv. izpildana- eg. "execution, fulfilment, implementation, performance, put-through,administration, execution"; ps. l- eg. "a word, a speech, a saying", ps. kir-dr- eg. "action, deed, art, business, labour, doingmanner, conduct", ps. kirdr- eg. "the performer of a good action". Ps. l-o-l- eg. "conversation, confabulation, clack,babble, controversy, altercation" poate mai apropiat de ro. pcleal);

"a da/intra buzna" ("a nvli, a se repezi s intre sau s ias", a deranja, a intra oricum i oricnd ?; sensul de anvli: mg. buszma- ro. "bdran" ?, ltg. brzme- lv. drzma- eg. "concourse, crowd, jam, ruck, thick, confluence, crush,hive"?; sensul de a deranja: lv. buinat- eg. "to dishevel, to tousle, to muss up", lt. b sena- eg. "state, condition" ?);

"curgeuvoi" (lat. currere; mg. si?; 1. ht. uwi- eg. "to fill"; 2. sg. vuots- lt. "nelygus, su perokiais, tarpais" undelt. tarpais- eg. "at times, from time to time"; sg. vus- lt. "vikrus, greitas, smarkus, mitrus; taiklus" unde lt. vikrus- eg."nimble, agile, swift; deft, dexterous, skilful", sg. vus reprodus de ro. poate cu sensul de iute?; 3. tocharian suwam- eg. "itis raining", tocharian swase/swese- eg. "rain"; 4. arb. suvl- it. "ondeggiare", arb. suvl- it. "onda, ondata"; 5. lt.srov- eg. "current, stream, torrent; flow"; 6. lt. ovotas- eg. "hollow"- "scobitur , concavitate", ltg. uova- lv. rieva- eg."joggle, rabbet, corrugation, groov, wale"- ro. "jgheab, urm, an");

"a burzului" (mg. borzolni; lt. burzdulis- eg. "fidget" ? EI);"ar" (mg. harcag; lt. ataga- eg. "obstinate, refractory creature"; lt. atagaris- eg. "person doing

everything the wrong, other way/round; obstinate, refractory person", lt. atagarioti- eg. "doing everything the wrong, otherway/round; contradict, thwart, cross", irg. anaccarthach- eg. "stubborn, obstinate, pitiless");" gndul" (a renuna la orice speran; lv. loms- eg. "catch, draught, hale, take, taking"- "a lua"; lv. gandrz-

eg. "much, almost, quasi, wellnigh, narrowly, nearly, nigh, close, little short of" - "a fi aproape de... "; ltg. guods/ guodys- lv.iecere- eg. "conception, contemplation", ps. god- eg. "a doll, a puppet, an image"; skt. cintayati- eg. "he thinks", np.magaja- eg. "brain"; mg. gond ?);

"pe negndite" (lv. negaidti- ltg. nagaidami- eg. "all at once, all of a sudden");"a fi nesbuit" (lv. naaubies- eg. "have no doubt !"; mg. szabadni- "a fi ngduit" ?);"de-o seam/asemenea" (mg. szm ; su. samma- eg. "same", ltg. samrs- lv. attiecba- eg. "relationship, relation,

respect"; skt. samsa- eg. " , compound", lw. hasami- eg. "a clan, a people"; ps. sn- eg . "like, as, similar,etc.; resembling, like" sau ps. ah-sam- eg. "equally, in the same manner or degree" + ps. yek-ham n- eg. "alike,similar, uniform, identical, parallel" poate ca ps. yek- -hamn ?);

"cu srg" (mg. srgs- ro. "grbit"; ltg. sorguot- lv. aizstvt- eg. "defend, vindicate, protect, fight,ward"; ltg. puorsorguot- lv. brdint- eg. "caution, forewarn, alert, warn, admonish, to tip off" ? EI);

"nc" (mg. cenk; ps. tankaey- eg. "1. a babe, a suckling of any animal, a young ox unfit for the plough, a young horsetoo young for the saddle, a colt; 2. unripe, tender, immature, green"; ps. songaey- eg. "a dwarf, a pigmy", ps. songa- eg. "afemale dwarf". Ps. cng- eg. "wide open, unclosed, open, grinning, opening the mouth". EI);

"arc" (mg. szarka ?, lt. arka ?, ps. sar- eg. a kind of hawk or falcon, an eagle");"teleleu" (ro. pierde-var , hoinar;mg. telel, ps. eyl l- eg. "romping, fun, frolic, prank, antic, etc.; dalliance"; ps.eyl l kawul- eg. "to romp, to gambol, to dally, to fondle");

"a-i fi cu bnat" (ro. a se supra, simi jignit, ofensat; indispoziie; mg. bnat; ps. bnah- eg. "pretence, evasion,excuse, pretext, feint, contrivance, affectation");

" lfi" (ro. a sta comod pe ceva, ntinzndu-se n voie; a huzuri, a se rsfa; nv. i reg. a se proslvi;/ sensulde "a sta comod, ntinzndu-se": posibil mg. leffenni- "a blbni, a atrna"; sensul de "a huzuri" i "a se proslvi": ps. lfeykawul or lfey wahal- eg. "to boast, to brag");

" birui" (eg. to defeat;/mg. birni, ps. bey yiraey- eg. "fearless, bold, dauntless");


16/95


16

"chibzuit" (ro. cumpnit;/eg. ponderate;/mg. kpzelni- ro. "a-i imagina", ps. abah- eg. "grasp, gripe , clutch, possession" ?);.

Exemple de expresii ce includ cuvinte care sunt atribuite etimologic limbii turce saupecenegei/cumanei (autohtone ? tot pe filier sarmatic/agatrs/ ossetin jassic ?):

"nu e cazul s i faci dumani" (lv. iekaisis dusms- eg. "ablaze with anger"- "a se aprinde de mnie"; lv. iekaist

dusms- eg. "to bristle up with anger, to bristle to anger" unde lv. dusmas- ltg. dusme- eg. "anger, rage", ps. duxmn/hd.,np. dushman- eg. "enemy", greaca pontic toushman/ toushmanos- eg. "enemy" ?, lat. casus, tc., cm. dman/dmen, alb.,bg., sb. duman. Pare a fi mai degrab un IE satem derivat din dusm- eg. "anger, rage" ? n tc. i cm. pe filier IE-loranatoliene sau sarmatice ?);

"halal ie! " (exclamaie de admiraie, bravo; cm. halal- "licit", tc. i gguz caiz- "licit" cf. MA.-106, lw. halali- eg."pur, clean", lyc. hla- eg. "to glorify", fg. alu- eg. "a priest", ps. l/ lnah - eg. "state, condition, case; affair,business, matter; the present, present time"; n cm. poate pe filiera unei alte limbi IE ? Cu sens peiorativ: ps. halwk- eg."amazed, completely astonished, at a loss what to do" sau ps. alal- eg. "interruption, confusion, disturbance, damage,injury, defect, breach, prejudice". EI: "halal" prezent n arab, turc, limbi indo-iraniene, etc.);

"n-amhabar" (ro. a nu ti nimic, a nu-i psa de ceva; cm., tc., gguz haber- "veste", hd. khabar- eg. "news", np.khabar- eg. "message", np. khabara garnu- eg. "to inform", ps. abar- eg. "a, news, information, intelligence, rumour,report, account"; ht. halugan- eg. "a message", ht. happr- eg. "a price", ht. happaraizzi- eg. "sells", palaic hapari- eg. "tobargain"- "a negocia, a trgui", fg. kavar- eg. "a sacred place", gdl. uabhar- eg. "pride, vainglory, insolence" ? Turc, iranian,arab ? Cuvnt devenit "universal");

"calf" (lucrtor calificat; tc. kalfa din ab. Khalifa- ro. "succesor" ?; ltg. ka vs- lv. kal js- eg. "blacksmith,hammersmith, smith, forger, smithy". EI);

"a fi ctrnit" (din catran=tc. katran ?; lv. ktrs- eg."inactive, indolent, inert, torpid, slow, lukewarm", lv. ktrums-

eg. "inaction, indolence, inertness, torpidity, torpor, inertia, backwardness, heaviness"; lv. kautrs- eg. "self-conscious, self-effacing, timid, timorous, maidenlike, trembly, tremulous, backward", lv. kautrba- eg. "timidity, modesty". EI);

"a mergetiptil" (ro. fr zgomot, cu grij, uor pentru a nu fi auzit; tc. tebdil; lt. tipenti- eg. "tiptoe; take short steps,trip along, mince");

"pici neastmprat" (ro. pici, avorton, strpitur ?: puti; tc. pi- "bastard"; sg. pkis- lt. velniukas/kamuolinis aibas,unde lt. velniukas- eg. "little devil; naughty boy"; lt. kamuolinis aibas- eg. "globe-lightning, fire-ball", friulian piul- eg."small");

"gealat" (aro., mgl. gilat; ro. clu, gde; om voinic i violent;/eg. executioner, cruel person;/tc. cellt/cellad; ps.jallt- eg. "an executioner", ps. jallt-n- eg. "cruel, hard-hearted", ps. jallt-- eg. "the office of executioner; cruelty" ? Alb.elat, bg. delatin);

"geant" (aro. ceant; ro. poet , serviet; tc. canta, bg. anta, ps. camtah/ camtaey - eg. "a beggar's wallet, ahaversack, a bag");

"serdar" (ro.comandant de oaste, mai ales de clrime; boier de rang mijlociu, primul din categoria lui, eful armatei,inspector general al potelor i comunicaiilor;/gdl. saighdear- eg. "soldier", ps. sardr-eg. " a chief, a commander, a headman", ps. sardr- eg. "chiefship, rule, domination, lordship, supremacy", ps. sarwar/ sarwarn - eg. "a leader, a chief, aprincipal", ps. sarwar- eg. "leadership, rule, sway"; ud. sir-dhar/ sir-dhar-eg. "head of a village, quarter, or family, patron,master"; tc. serdr);

"omursuz" (ro. morocnos; lt. urzgus- eg. "querulous, peevish, grumpy"- "crcota , argos, fnos", lt. urgzlus- eg."grumbling, grumpy"; tc. uursuz- "nefericit");

"turcu pltete" (lt. turius- eg."the rich man; the rich, the wealthy" ?. EI);"n ce hal" (tc. hal, ps. sa-kalah- eg. "How? in what manner? by what mode or means?". Deasemenea, ps. l/

lnah - eg. "state, condition, case; affair, business, matter; the present, present time" corespunde i ro. hal- "state,condition" i ro. halal- "licit" i ro. lun- eg. "month". EI);

"a fi tbcit" (pentru sensul figurat: rezistent, nvat cu greutile; gdl. tbhachd- eg. "efficacy, good effect, solidity").

Exemple de expresii ce includ cuvinte care sunt atribuite etimologic elenei sau ngr.:"garage/carage" (ro. a face glume pe socoteala cuiva, a umbla cu pcleli; ngr. karakxa; lv. gara- eg.

"harangue, sharp"- "a ine predici", lv. garastvoklis- eg. "mood, humour, temper, spirit, frame or state of mind");"sigur de el!" (lv. iznesgums- eg. "portliness"- "falnic, impozant, trupe", gdl. spailp- eg. "self conceit, boldness,

self-confidence", gdl. spailpeil- eg. "conceited, self-confident, vainglorious, swaggering"; ngr. sghurosj, aro. siguru);" fric" (eg. fear; ngr. phrik, ps. bey fikr- eg. "thoughtless, contented, tranquil", ps. bey fikr- - eg.

"thoughtlessness, contentedness").Personaje, simboluri din mitologia popular romneasc:austru (vnt secetos care bate n Romnia din sud-vest; lt. Autaras/Autra- eg. "the god of the northeast wind, who

stands at the gates of paradise and lights the way for those going to paradise. His function of shining this beacon makes himsimilar to Aurin; some consider him to be her cousin");

baubau: (var. bordea, borz, cau, Tran. bbluc, Tr. i Buc. bolea; ro. personaj imaginar cu care se sperie copiii mici;gogori;/eg. bugaboo;/lt. baubas, sg. babauis- eg. "bugaboo, bugbear, bogy man"- "gogori, sperietoare, comar, spaim,nluc, fantom, sperietoare", ps. bau/bao/oeal-bau-bau- eg. "a scare-crow, a bugaboo, a bogie to frighten children"; vbalt.Baubas- eg. "an evil spirit with long sear arms, wrinkly fingers, and red eyes"; arb. bab- it. "nel linguaggio infantile:spauracchio, mostro". n rg. bau, sutsilvan baubau, puter-vallader bo: eg. "beetle"- "gndac"; DER indic i ngr. ,calabr., sicil. babbau, gm. Wauwau.);


17/95


17

Cloana/Muma Pdurii (vr jitoare sihastr ce triete n adncul pdurii; lt. Maumas- eg. "spirit of field:bugaboo", lv. Krumu mate, lt. Krmin, curonian Kuris- eg. "a household deity"; vsl. JavBoba- eg. "woman of grain" ? EI);

Dochia (lv. Dekla- eg. "latvian deity of fate; very sympathetic to human life, took care of small children, andgrieved over the birth of a baby who was destined to have an unhappy life", G.M.-198. EI);

Gaia (psri rpitoare asemntoare uliului; i expresia ? pe care unele mame o spun copiilor neastmprai laculcare: "Culc-te ! c te ia Gaia !"; vbalt. Gaila- eg. "a spirit of night, which obsessed people and animals in dreams". EI);

iele (eg. "white-clad beautiful girls, bewitching men with their song and dance"; sbc. vile- eg. "nymphs", prs. Nase lis-eg. "spirit, ghost", lt. siela- eg. "soul, heart", sg. aniuols- lt. "angelas"- "nger", vbalt. Nijol - eg. "wife of Pykuolis and thedaughter of Krmin ", sg. aniuols- lt."angelas"- "nger", ps. au-liy- eg. "the saints, the apostles, the holy". Din aceea i familie cu eg. holy i ps. au-liy ?);

nichiprcea (ro. pop. dracul;/vbalt. Nukirpja- eg. "one of the Governing Goddesses; the godess who cut the cloth oflife" sau mai pb. vbalt. Kerpyius- eg. "a forest god, according to asicki");

Pcal (vbalt. Pykuolis/Pikulas- eg. "the master of the underworld". EI Sau poate o simplificare a expresiei: ps. pahal-mal wa-yal- eg. "to speak one's mind, to speak frankly, to speak without mincing matters");

pricolici (ro. n superstiii- duh ru care ia nfiare de lup; strigoi;/eg. poltergeist;/lt. pikiurna- eg. "spitfire,malicious creature, shrew, vixen", lt. pikius- eg. "devil, deuce", sdv. peckolle- eg. "devil", sg. pkis- lt. "velniukas", vbalt.Prakorimas- eg. "a euphemism of the supreme deity", vbalt. Pykuolis/Pikulas- eg. "the master of the underworld". Dintr-unp(r)ikiul ?);

Samca (spirit necurat, urt i fioros, sub form de femeie goal , despletit i fioroas; lt. emininkas- eg. "thesupreme deity of fertility and agriculture" ? EI);

solomonar (gdl. searmonaich- eg. "preach");vlve (ro. duh, zn, tim; vbalt. Vls- eg. "spirits of dead human beings", lt. vl- eg. "soul", vsl. vluhvu, bg. vlahva.

Ps. wo-waaey- eg. "1. carried away by the wind, the sport of the winds (met.) a traveller. 2. a gossamer", ps. wo-lwatal-

eg. "to blow " ?); Vrncioaia (una dintre Deivs Valdytojos- eg. "Governing Goddesses, were seven sisters goddesses who madegarments from human's lives". Una dintre ele era Verpianioji- eg. "who spun the threads of life". EI).

Toponime i hidronime romneti: Abru (lt. aprdyti- eg. "become rusty"- "ruginiu, roietic"; sg. abrzdielis/abruozdos- lt. paveikslas- eg.

"painting, picture, canavas; picture, scene; image; example, model" ?);Agri (lv. iekrist- eg. "fall"; lv. iegriezums- eg. "kerf, cut-in, incision"; lv. agrs rts- eg."brightening", poate cf.

"brightening power"- "putere de albire" ?);Aita (lv. aita- eg. "sheep, mutton");Alm (lt. almti- eg. "ooze, exude, trickle; run, flow"- "a prelinge, curgere lent");Amar/Hamaradia/Hmradia (lt. amaruotas- eg. "covered with plant-lice", lt. amaruoti- eg. "become, grow

covered with plant-lice"; sg. amaliuot- lt. plepti- eg. "chatter, jabber, prate, twaddle, babble"- "a bolborosi" ?);Arama (lt. apraminti- eg. "calm, quiet; assuage, appease", ps. rm- eg. "slothful, idle; a lover of ease", ps. rm- eg.

"ease, rest, comfort, repose", ps. rmedal- eg. "to be at ease, to become tranquil, quiet");Ard (lt. ardyti- eg. "unravel, unrip; destroy, demolish; break, disturb", lt. ardymas-

eg. "unripping, unravelling; destroying, pulling down; breaking of peace, disturbance", lt. ardytojas- eg. "disturber,

destroyer");Arg (lt. iargas- eg. "with ones leg spread wide", lt. argstyti- eg. " spread ones

legs apart, spread ones feet planted apart; spread wide; step over"-"crcnat, rsfirat". A se vedea i cap. 2);Armeni (lt. armuo- eg. "precipice, abyss, gulf");Arpadia (sg. arpuoti- lt. vtyti- eg. "winnow, fan"- "vnturtoare". EI);Ars/Ar ia (lt. arus- eg. "furious, violent, fierce");Artan (lt. artti- eg. near, close ?);As (lt. aaroti- eg. "water, cry"; lt. aara- eg. "tear");Bab (lt. babaliuoti- eg. "mumble, bable; drivel");Bac (lv. braucjs- eg. "driver, fare, rider, whip, hit-and-run driver", lt. bgikas- eg. "runner");Badu/Bd (lt. bedugn- eg. "precipise, abyss, gulf, chasm"; lt. badas/badautinis- eg. "hunger,

starvation" ?);Bai/Baia Mare/Bi (lt. baisus- eg. "terrible, horrible, frightful, fearful, dreadful, awful, scary");Bah, Buh (ps. bahah- eg. "course, stream, current, flow of a river", gdl.

buinne/buinnachan- eg. "rapid curent, choppy sea". EI );Bahn (lt. baksnoti- eg. "poke smth. into; jab smth. at; stick smth. into; push; elbow"- "care mpinge, care rupe

din mal; cu meandre, coturi, curbe" ?; lt. bakoti- eg. "push in, cram into; wade through mud, walk in the mud"- "a- i croi caleprin noroi" ? Ps. bahah- eg. "course, stream, current, flow of a river", gdl. abhainn/aibhnean or aibhnichean - eg."river, stream" cf. ro. ap, ro. bai/mbia);

Bal/Bl (lt. bala- eg. "marsh, bog, slough");Baldal (lt. balda- eg. "knock, noise"; lt. baldalas- eg. "milk or cream to add to the soup" ? Zgomotos sau nspumat ?);Baldovin (Probabil dintr-un nume propriu; lt. balduonis- eg. "one who gads at night; night reveller");Baran (lt. berankis- eg. "armless; awkward, clumsy"- fr brae secundare sau stingheritor ?);

Barb (lt. barbenimas- eg. "knock, knocking"; lt. barbti- eg. "jingle, clink; mutter, murmur"; lt. barbinti-eg. "knock, clatter, clink");

Barc/Brgu (lt. barkti- eg. "rattle, rumble", lt. bergti- eg. "graw, become dry, barren; ripen; squander,waste");


18/95


18

Beica/Baicu (lt. baiktti- eg. "grow frightful, startled" ?, lt. bejuok- eg. "it is no joke, seriously" ?, lt. beicas- eg. "tech.mordant"- "bai, agent coroziv"- poate un sens mai vechi extensibil i la ruri cu sensul de coroziv, care "muc" din mal ?);

Beg/Bg (lt. bgti- eg. "flow, run", lt. bginti- eg. "make/let smth. flow in stream/jet/spurt");Bel (lt. belstelti- eg. "give a knock, rap", lt. belsti- eg. "knock", lt. belstis- eg. "knock, be naghty");Ber (lt. berti- eg. "strew, scatter; break out");Berz (lt. bergdauti- eg. "be barren, dry"; lt. bergti- eg. "grow, become dry, barren; ripen;

sqaunder, waste");Bet (lt. betikslis- eg. "aimless, idle, pointless");Blid/Bre/Briheni (lt. bridimas- eg. "fording, ford");Brad/Brd (lt. brada- eg. "swampy mud; ford"- "tulbure, noroi mltinos; vad"; sg. braidioti- lt.

braidyti- eg. "wade, ford"; lt. purvbraidyti- eg. "wade in/through mud");Braia (sg. braidioti- lt. braidyti- eg. "wade, ford");Brt/Brat (sg. braukt- lt. vaiuoti- eg. "go, travel", lt. brautis- eg.

"squezze/make/ force one's way through");Bran (lt. branka- eg. "swelling"- "umflat" ? real: "inflamat, buboi"; lt. briauna- eg. "edge, berge; bank, edge"-

"lizier, banc nisip, aluviune"; lt. briaunotas- eg. "cut, faceted"- "ce separ" ?);Breaz/Brecu/Brez (lt. bris/braiioti/brti- eg. "scratch", lt. bergdauti- eg. "be

barren, dry" ?; lt. brazdenti- eg. "rustle; scratch; go/move with a slight rattle; go rustling");Brustur (lt. bruoti- eg. "scratch, walk fast", lt. brungzti- eg. "buzz, drone", lt.

bruzdus- eg. "noisy, fussy, fidgety, bustling");Buc (lt. buksuoti- eg. "skid"- "patin, patinare, alunecare"- ru ce nghea iarna i permite patinarea ?);Bucur (lt. buksyras- eg. "tug, tow-boat; tow-rope"; lt. buksyruoti- eg. "tow, tug".

Ap curgtoare care se traverseaz sau e navigabil cu ambarcaiuni trase cu parme, odgoane de pe mal ?);

Buc (lt. buius- eg. "fishing-basket, creel");Bud (lt.bdas- eg. "disposition, temper, character", lt. bud- eg. "oilstone, whetstone" ?; lt. bdinas-eg. "calamitous, poor", lt. bdoti- eg. "complain to smb. or smth.; lament for/over"- care iese din matci inund des sau rucu praguri i zgomotos ?);

Bughe (lt. bgti- eg. "fear, be frightened "- ap repede ce inund adesea ?);Bulz (lt. burgzti- eg. "rumble, roar, roll, buzz, sing"- "care huruie"; lt. burzdulis- eg. "fidget"- "neastmprat,

zvpiat");Bumbueti (sg. bumbti/bambaliuoti - lt.bambti- eg. "grumble, be peevish, murmur, mutter, growl"; lt.bumbtelti-

eg. "give a bang, crack", lt. bumbt- eg. "bang, crack");Burnaia: (gdl. brn- eg. "fresh water");Bun (gdl. buinne/buinnachan- eg. "rapid curent, choppy sea");But (lt. bti- eg. "stay to long, linger"; lt. btasis- eg. "past"; lt. btinas- eg. "necessary,

indispensable");Canapitea (lt. kanapininkyst- eg. "hemp-growing");Capra (lt. keberiotis- eg. "flounder; climb ; get up "- "agitat; a slta: care crete ?");Cara (lt. karas- eg. "war, warfare", lt. keras- eg. "bush, shrub"- "tuf, arbust, tufi");Carpen (lt. karpyti- eg. "cut, clip, cut out; move"; lt. kerpinis- eg. "lichen, moss");

Cain (lt. kasinti- eg. "dig about, unearth, rake about; geol.: excavate");Clim (lt. klimas- eg. "ferrying, putting across", lt. klimasis- eg. "river crossing");Clin (lt. kelionje- eg. "on ones way, en route", lt. kelion- eg. "trip, travelling, travel");Clmu (lt. kelmas- eg. "stump, stub");Clmiasa/Clmui (lt. kailiamautis- eg. "rod for drying skins/hides"; lt. kelmyn- eg. "stubby place, place

abounding in stubs"; lt. kelmuotumas- eg. "stubbiness; abundance in stubs");Cln (lt. kalnas- eg. "mountain, hill; heap, pile"; lt. kelionje-eg. "on ones way, en route"; lt.kilnoti-

eg. "move, shift; lift, raise, heave"; lt. kilnotis- eg. "heave; move, travel, migrate");Crn (lt. kernoti- eg. "scolde, abuse, rail/inveigh against, call smb., run down, cast slurs upon" sau ps.

k-e- eg. "stony, abounding with stones", ps. k-eah zmakah- eg. "stony ground");Crp/ Crp (lt. karpyti- eg. "cur, clip, cut out; move", lt. kirpti- eg. "cut, clip, shear;

cut out; bite", lt. kirba- eg. "swamp, marsh, quag, quagmire");Ceapa/Ceplea (ps. capah wahal- eg. "to flow, to cover with water, to well");Ciol (ps. caledal- eg."to move, to go, to proceed, to walk, to go off, to pass , to pass ,

to be discharged , to flow, to drive, to blow, to answer, to succeed, to avail, to stand");Ciun (sg. ciongs/ciuongs- lt. skersvjis- "draught, draft"- "curent de aer");Chir/Chiuruul (lt. kirba- eg. "swamp, marsh, quag, quagmire"; lt. kirbti- eg. "move, stir;

swarm, teem with");Chirtaeger (lt. kirtaviet- eg. "cutting area, glade, cleared space; face, slope"); Cost/Co (lt. koti- eg. "strain, filter"- "care strecoar , filtreaz", lt. kotuvas- eg. "strainer, filter";

lt. kusti- eg. "recover, grow stronger; comme off"; sg. kos t/kusuot- lt. gundyti/skatinti/ kalbinti, unde lt. gundyti- eg."entice, allure, tempt, seduce", lt. skatinti/ eg. "induce, prompt, stimulate", lt. kalbinti- eg. "try to persuade smb. + to inf."poate sensul de seductor, fermector, cu frumusee aparte ?);

Cov (lt. kova- eg. "struggle, fight"; sg. kovarnis- lt. kovas- eg. "March"; lt. kovinis- eg. "battle");Crac/Cr (lt. kraikas- eg. "litter"- "murdrie; de-a valma" ?, lt. kraikyti/kreikti- eg.

"scatter, strew, spread"; lt. krioklys- eg. "waterfall, cataract, cascade" ?);


19/95


19

Crai (lt. kreiv- sg. kreivoji- eg. " curve"; lt. kreivis- eg. "curvature, crookedness"; lt. kreivinti- eg."bend, distort");

Criv (lt. kreivis- eg. "curvature, crookedness"; lt. krivl- eg. "village meeting/gathering" ?);Cr (lt. kresnoti- eg. "shake, jolt; trot, go trotting along", lt. krsti- eg. "shake, jolt; search;

manure, dung; sweep, clean"; lt. kratinis- eg. "edge, border"; sg. kresnas- lt. spirgai- eg. "cracklings"- "pritur" ?);Cri (lt. kristi- eg. "fall, drape, drop, to go down"; lt. krioklys- eg. "waterfall, cataract, cascade";

lt. kryius- eg. "cross", lt. krymai- eg. "crosswise", ps. s wlaey- eg. "bigness, stoutness, stalwartness, brawniness,strength");

Cuc (lt. kukti- eg. "bend/bow down");Cucur (lt. kukuris- eg. "back, hump");Cu (lt. kudti/ kugdti/kugdjimas- eg. "whisper");Cump (lt. kumpanosis - eg. "hook-nosed" ?, lt. kumpas- eg. "hooked, bent, crooked, curved"; lt.

kumpti- eg. "grow, become croocked, bent, hooked"; lt. kempin- eg. "spongy", lt. kemptas- eg. "spongy, porous" ?);Cum (lt. ksmas- eg. "suffering" ?);Cvania (lt. kvaiti- eg. "grow, become foolish, silly; giddy", lt. kvaitinti- eg. "make giddy; roam, wander", lt. kvkti-

eg. "whimper, snivel");Dar/Drasca (ps. darah- eg. "a valley between two hills or ranges of mountains, through which a stream

flows; a pass or way between two mountains");Dob (lt. dobiliena- eg. "clover field"; lt. dobti- eg. "beat, hill; kill"; lt. drabstyti- eg. "be sprinkle with,

splash on, over; be spatter with");Drac/Drc/Dr xeni (lt. draikalas- eg. "things scattered about; muddle, mess, mixture"; lt.

draikioti- eg. "mix, muddle; scatter/screw about", lt. draikus- eg. "spreading, scattery", sg. drginti- lt. drkinti- eg."irrigate;moisten, damp, wet");

Drag (lt. drgnti- eg. "grow, become damp, moist, humid"; lt. drkinamasis- eg. "irrigation;moistening, damping, wetting");Dra (lt. drgm/ drgmingumas- eg. "dampness, moisture, humidity");Drg (lt. drgnas- eg. "damp, humide, moist, wet"; lt. drkinamasis- eg.

"irrigation; moistening, damping, wetting");Dreptu (lt. drbtas- eg. "clumsy, coarse"- "grosolan, aspru"; lt. drbti- eg. "throw, hurl, chuck; build of mud, clay;

retort, reply, return, rejoin, blurt out; strike, hit, beat; fall heavily, fall in thick flakes", lt. dreb ti- eg. "quiver, tremble, shake"sau ro. drept);

Drighiu (sg. drginti- lt. drkinti- eg."irrigate; moisten, damp, wet");Drogul (lt. drugys- eg. "fever; butterfly, moth"; lt. drukis- eg. "stout, fat, plump");Drojdia (sg.drsti- lt. drtti- eg. "thicken; get stronger");De (lt. daugti- eg. "incrise, rise, accumulate");Dorn (ps. tarno- eg. "a trough, a gutter, a scupper, a launder, an aqueduct". EI );Dub (lt. dauba- eg. "ravine"; sg. duba- lt. drev- eg. "hollow", lt. dubus- eg. "hollow, concave"; lt. dubti- eg.

"grow/become hollow/sunken; stick, sink");Duc (lt. dkinti- eg. "enrage, infuriate, madden, drive wild", lt. dksoti- eg. "become flat", lt. dkus-

eg. "violent, ungovernable");

Dud (lt. dudenti/dudnoti- eg. "make a slight noise; chatter slowly");Dumbr (lt. dumbravas- eg. "pit"- "cavitate, groap; prpastie, abis" sau rom. dumbrav);Dumitr (lt. dumti- eg. "blow; smoke; rush/speed/tear along");Dung (lt. dunguotis- eg. "gloom, lower, lour"; sg. dunksenti- lt. dunksnoti- eg. "roll/rumble/knock/tap

slightly");Dur (lt. durti- eg. "thrust, stab; ache, hurt, jam; add on, lenghten; tear along"- "a goni");Dua (lt. dis- eg. "blow, stroke"; lt. dsuoti- eg. "breathe heavily; sigh, heave a sigh");Fntn (lt. fontanas- eg. "fountain; gush, spring forth; fount"- "uvoi, torent");Frum (sg. furmuons- lt. virininkas- eg. "head, chief, superior"- poate cu

sensul de colector ?; lat. formosus);Gagu (lt. gaguoti- eg. "cackle");Gala (lt. galuotis- eg. "torment oneself over; take pains/trouble over; play pranks, be up to mischief, be

naughty"; lt. galuoti- eg. "torment; kill, slay");Galben (lt. galabinti- eg. "kill, slay; torment"; lt. gelbjimas- eg. "rescuing, life-saving, helping"; lt. gaivesys-

eg. "refreshing, refreshment", lt. gaivinantis- eg. "vivifying, life-giving", ps. gl-o-bl- eg. "tumult, disturbance, noise, din,uproar, clamour, sound" sau rom. galben);

Gal (lt. galia- eg. "power, might");

Grb (lt. garbana- eg. "curl, lock, ringlet", lt. garbanoti- eg. "wave, curl,frizzle");

Grl (lt. garinti- eg. "evaporate" ?);Gin (lt. gainioti- eg. "drive"; lt. gainiotis- eg. "chase, pursue");Gur (lt. gauruotas/gauruoius- sg. gaur

claudiu dobre- enigmatic a limba a geto-dacilor ed el 2011

Documents