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CU B NG (passive voice)

BI 1

Cu b ng l g ?

Cu b ng l cu m trong ch t khng thc hin hnh ng m

ngc li b tc ng ln bi mt yu t khc

V d:

Ti n ci bnh ( cu ch ng : v ch t "ti" thc hin hnh ng

"n" )

Ci bnh c n bi ti ( cu b ng : v ch t "ci bnh" khng

thc hin hnh ng"n" m n b "ti' n )

Trong ting vit chng ta dch cu b ng l "b" (nu c hi) hoc

"c" ( nu c li)

Khi chng ta hc v passive voice, theo bi bn chng ta s c cc

thy c cho hc mt cng thc khc nhau cho mi th.

V d nh th hin ti n th chng ta c cng thc :

S + is /am /are + P.P

Qa kh n th c :

S + was / were + P.P

C th chng phi cng c ra m nh hng lot cc cng thc ( t ra cng

13 cng thc). Nh vy chng ta rt d qun v hu qu l mi khi lm bi

gp passive voice l li lng tng.

Vy c cng thc no chung cho tt c cc th khng nh ? Cu tr li

l C!

Qua qu trnh nghin cu ti thy tt c cc cng thc trn u c mt

im chung, t ti tm gn li cho ra mt cng thc duy nht ! Nu nm

vng cng thc cc em c th lm c tt c cc loi passive thng thng,

cng thc li n gin. Vy cng thc nh th no m gh gm th?

Mi cc em cng tham kho nh. ( xem hnh v )

Cng thc ny gm 3 bc nh sau: cho d lm cc em nn lm

ngc nh sau:

Trc ht cc em phi tin hnh chn ng t passive, lu khng c

chn HAVE v GO nh. Sau cc em ch vic tin hnh 3 bc chnh sau

y:

1) i ng t chnh ( chn trn) thnh P.P.

2) Thm (BE) vo trc P.P, chia (BE) ging nh ng t cu ch ng.

3) Gia ch t v ng t c g th em xung ht.

Nh vy l xong 3 bc quan trng nht ca cu b ng (trong bc

2 l quan trng nht v hu ht cc em u thng hay b sai bc ny ).

Nm vng 3 bc ny cc em c th lm c ht cc dng b ng thng

thng, cc bc cn li th d hn:

4) Ly tc t ln lm ch t :

Thng thng tc t s nm ngay sau ng t, nu pha sau ng t

c nhiu ch th phi dch ngha xem nhng ch c lin quan nhau

khng, nu c th phi em theo ht, nu khng c lin quan th ch em

1 ch ra u m thi.

5) em ch t ra pha sau thm by :

6) Cc yu t cn li khc th em xung khng thay i

v d minh ha :

Hy i cu sau sang b ng:

Marry will have been doing it by tomorrow.

Chn ng t: xem t ngoi vo ta thy c will (b qua) tip n

l have(b qua , v nh trn ni khng c chn have ), been (ng

nhin l b qua ri), going (cng b qua lun, l do nh have) n doing :

! n y ri chn doing lm ng t chnh)

1) i V => P.P : doing => done

......done..............

2) Thm (be) v chia ging V cu trn : (BE) =>BEING (v ng t

thmING nn be cng thm ING)

......being done..............

3) Gia Marry v doing c 3 ch ta em xung ht (will have been).

.....will have been being done....

4) Tm ch t: sau ng t c ch it , ta em ln u :

It will have been being done....

5) em ch t (Mary) ra pha sau thm by :

It will have been being done by Mary

6) Cc yu t cn li khc th em xung khng thay i

It will have been being done by Mary by tomorrow.

Vy l xong, cc em c theo cc bc m lm khng cn bit n l th g

( y l th tng lai hon thnh tip din). D cha !

Ghi ch:

- Nu c thi gian th phi thi gian cui cu nh

- Nu ch t l : people, something, someone, they th c th b i

(ring cc i t : I ,you, he... th ty theo cu , nu thy khng cn thit

th c th b )

- Nu c no u cu th lm nh bnh thng, xong i sang ph nh

- Nu c tr ng t do, does, did th be s nm ti v tr ca nhng tr

ng t ny

v d:

Did your mother cook the meal?

=> Was the meal cooked by your mother ?

They don't take the book.

=> The book isn't taken.

.

CU B NG (passive voice) BI 2

Nh vy l n y cc em nm cch thc lm cu b ng dng thng

thng ri , by gi chng ta tip tc hc cch lm cu hi nh. i vi cu

hi cc em cn phn ra lm 2 loi : loi cu hi yes/no v loi cu hi c ch

hi (cn gi l WH question)

1) I VI CU HI YES / NO:

Cu hi yes / no l cu hi c ng t t bit hoc tr ng

t do,does,did u cu

Bc 1 :

i sang cu thng

Bc 2:

i sang b ng ( lc ny n tr thnh cu thng, cch i nh hc.)

Bc 3:

i tr li thnh cu hi yes / no

Em no qun cch i sang cu hi yes / no (cu nghi vn) th VO

Y xem nh y cc em phi lm quen vi cm t "i sang cu

thng" ( v thy s dng n trong nhiu cu trc vn phm khc na) .

Cch i sang cu thng nh sau :

Nu cc em bit cch i sang cu nghi vn th cng s bit cch i sang

cu thng: lm ngc li cc bc ca cu nghi vn, c th nh sau:

- Nu c do, does , did u cu th b - chia ng t li cho ng th (da

vo do,does, did )

- Nu c ng t c bit u cu th chuyn ra sau ch t.

V d minh ha 1: ( tr ng t u cu)

Did Mary take it ?

Bc 1 :

i sang cu thng : b did, chia ng t take thnh qu kh v did l du

hiu ca qu kh

=> Mary took it.

Bc 2 :

i sang b ng : lm cc bc nh bi 1

=> It was taken by Mary

Bc 3:

i tr li cu hi nghi vn

=> Was it taken by Mary?

Cc em cng c th lm theo cch th to be vo do,does, did nh "mo"

bi 1

V d minh ha 2: ( ng t c bit u cu)

Is Mary going to take it ?

Bc 1 :

i sang cu thng : chuyn ng t c bit (is) ra sau ch t :

=> Mary is going to take it.

Bc 2 :


=> It is going to be taken by Mary

Bc 3:

i tr li cu hi nghi vn ( em is ra u )

=> Is it going to be taken by Mary ?

2) I VI CU HI C CH HI:

Cch lm cng chia ra cc bc nh dng trn, nhng khc bit nm bc

2 v 3

Bc 1 : i sang cu thng

Bc ny phc tp hn dng 1, lm c bc ny cc em phi bit

chia n lm 3 loi

- Loi ch hi WH lm ch t : ( sau n khng c tr ng

t do,does,did m c ng t + tc t)

What made you sad? (iu g lm bn bun ?)

Who has met you ? (ai gp bn ? )

Loi ny khi i sang cu thng vn gi nguyn hnh thc m khng c

bt c s thay i no

- Loi ch hi WH lm tc t: ( sau n c tr ng t do, does,

did hoc ng t c bit + ch t )

What do you want ?

Who will you meet ?

Khi i sang cu thng s chuyn WH ra sau ng t

- Loi ch hi WH l trng t : l cc ch : when, where, how , why

When did you make it ?

Gi nguyn ch hi , i ging nh dng cu hi yes/no

Bc 2 :


Bc 3:

i tr li cu hi c ch hi ( em WH ra u cu)

V d minh ha:1 ( WH l tc t, c tr ng t)

What did Mary take ?

Bc 1 :

i sang cu thng : C tr ng t did => What l tc t :b did, chia

ng t take thnh qu kh v did l du hiu ca qu kh, em what ra sau

ng t :

=> Mary took what.

Bc 2 :


=> What was taken by Mary

Bc 3:

i tr li cu hi nghi vn : (v lc ny what l ch t ri nn khng c g

thay i na )

=> What was taken by Mary ?

V d minh ha:2 ( WH l tc t, c ng t c bit)

Who can you meet ?

Bc 1 :

i sang cu thng : C ng t c bit can , Who l tc t : chuyn ra

sau ng t meet , you l ch t :chuyn can ra sau ch t you

=> you can meet who.

Bc 2 :


=> Who can be met by you ?

Bc 3:

i tr li cu hi nghi vn : (v lc ny who l ch t ri nn khng c g

thay i na )

=. Who can be met by you ?

V d minh ha:3 ( WH l ch t )

Who took Mary to school ?

Bc 1 :

i sang cu thng : Sau who l ng t + tc t => who l ch t => i

sang cu thng vn gi nguyn hnh thc

=> Who took Mary to school

Bc 2 :


=> Mary was taken to school by who

Bc 3:

i tr li cu hi nghi vn : (v lc ny l cu hi nn who phi u cu )

=> Who was Mary taken to school by ?

Nu By em ra u th who phi i thnh whom:

=> By whom was Mary taken to school ?

CU B NG (passive voice)

BI 3

I VI CU KP :

D vng v cch lm cu n nhng i khi cc em li lng tng khi gp

phi nhng cu c nhiu mnh . Cch lm cng khng kh nu cc em

bit phn tch ra thnh tng cu ring ri lm bnh thng, gi li cc t ni.

V d:

When I came, they were repairing my car.

Nhn vo l thy r rng c 2 mnh , cc em c vic tch chng ra ri lm

b ng tng mnh :

When I came : mnh ny khng i sang b ng c v khng c tc

t

they were repairing my car. lm b ng nh bnh thng => my car was

being repaired

Cui cng ta ni li nh c :

When I came, my car was being repaired

Dng ny suy cho cng cng l cch lm tng cu nh ta hc trn, cn

mt dng na phc tp hn m trong cc bi kim tra cng thng hay cho,

cc em cn lu .

l dng mt ch t lm 2 hnh ng khc nhau, v d : They opened the

door and stole some pictures dng ny cc em cng tch lm 2 phn nhng

nh thm ch t cho phn sau:

They opened the door and they stole some pictures

Lc ny cc em ch vic i sang b ng tng cu ring bit v gi li lin

t and l xong.

=> The door was opened and some pictures were stolen.

NHNG DNG C BIT

BI 4

Cho cc em, trong cc bi 1,2,3 bn trn cc em hc c cng thc

chung ca cc loi b ng c bn, tuy nhin nu gp cc dng c bit th

cc em phi bit s dng cng thc ring cho tng loi. Di y l cc

dng c bit thng gp.

DNG 1: People say that ....

Dng ny cu ch ng ca n c dng sau:

People/ they + say/think/believe... + (that) + S + V + O

Dng ny c 2 cch i sang b ng nh sau: (xem s TI Y )

Cch 1:

- Bc 1: Ly ch t mnh sau em ra u cu

- Bc 2: Thm (be) vo : (be) chia ging ng t say/think....

-Bc 3: Ly ng t say/think.. lm P.P sau (be)

- Bc 4:Ly ng t mnh sau i thnh to INF. ri vit li ht phn

sau ng t ny.

LU :

Nu ng t trong mnh sau trc th so vi say/think.. th bc 4 khng

dng to INF m dng : TO HAVE + P.P

V d1:

People said that he was nice to his friends

- Bc 1: Ly ch t mnh sau em ra u cu (he )

=> He....


Said l qu kh nn (be) chia thnh was

=> He was...


P.P (ct 3) ca said cng l said :

=> He was said..

- Bc 4:Ly ng t mnh sau i thnh to INF. ri vit li ht phn

sau ng t ny.

So snh th 2 mnh , ta thy said v was cng l th qu kh nn i

ng t mnh sau l was thnh to be , vit li phn sau ( nice to his

friends)

=> He was said to be nice to his friends.

V d 2:

People said that he had been nice to his friends

3 bc u lm ging nh v d 1 nhng n bc 4 th ta thy said l qu

kh nhng had been l qu kh hon thnh ( trc th ) nn ta p dng cng

thc to have + P.P ( P.P ca was l been )

=> He was said to have been nice to his friends.

Cch 2:

- Bc 1: Dng IT u cu



- Bc 4: Vit li t ch that n ht cu.

V d:

People said that he was nice to his friends

- Bc 1: - Bc 1: Dng IT u cu

=> It....


Said l qu kh nn (be) chia thnh was

=> It was...


P.P (ct 3) ca said cng l said :

=> It was said...

- Bc 4: Vit li t ch that n ht cu.

=> It was said that he was nice to his friends

Nhn xt:

- Bc 2 v 3 ging nhau c 2 cch

- Cch 2 d hn do khng phi bin i ng t pha sau do khi ngi ta

ku i sang b ng m khng cho sn t u tin th cc em dng cch 2

cho d

CU B NG (passive voice) BI 5 Cho cc em, mt iu quan trng khi lm cu b ng l phi nm 3 yu t

cn bn bin i, l : ch t, ng t v tc t . Cc dng trn, cc

em u d dng tm ra 3 yu t ny. Tuy nhin c nhng cu trogn c

hn 2 ng t th vn chn ng t no i sang p.p v cc ng t

cn li c g thay i khng ? N s lm cc em bi ri. Di y cc em s

c hc v nhng mu nh vy.

DNG 2: Mu V O V

L dng 2 ng t cch nhau bi 1 tc t, ta gi V th nht l V1 v V th

2 l V2, i vi mu ny ta phn lm cc hnh thc sau:

a) Bnh thng khi gp mu VOV ta c vic chn V1 lm b ng nhng

quan trng l :Nu V2 bare.inf. th khi i sang b ng phi i sang to

inf. (tr 1 trng hp duy nht khng i l khi V1 l ng t LET )

V d:

They made me go

=> I was made to go. ( i go nguyn mu thnh to go )

We heard him go out last night

=> He was heard to go out last night.

They let me go.

=> I was let go. ( vn gi nguyn go v V1 l let )

b) Khi V1 l cc ng t ch s thch nh : want, like, dislike, hate... th

cch lm nh sau:

- Chn V2 lm b ng ri lm theo cc bc c bn nh bi 1.

- Ch t v V1 vn gi nguyn, khng c g thay i.

- Nu phn O trong (by O ) trng vi ch t ngoi u cu th b i.

V d:

I hate people laughing at me.

Chn 3 yu t cn bn : S- V- O lm b ng l : people laughing me.

I hate gi nguyn, me cui em ln trc ng t, nhng v n vn ng

sau hate nn phi vit l me

=> I hate me ....

i ng t laughing thnh p.p, thm (be) trc p.p v chia ging ng t

cu trn (thming)

=> I hate me being laughed at. ( by people b )

Me v I trng nhau nn b me :

=> I hate being laughed at.

BI 6 B ng ca cu mnh lnh

Trc ht cc em cng nn bit cch nhn dng ra cu mnh lnh. l cu

khng c ch t, m l ng t nguyn mu ng u cu.

Cng thc: xem s TI Y

- Thm Let u cu

- em tc t cu trn xung

- Thm be vo sau tc t (be nguyn mu khng chia)

- i ng t thnh P.P

- Cc phn cn li (nu c ) vit li ht

V d:

Write your name on the blackboard.

- Thm Let u cu:

Let.....

- em tc t cu trn xung: (your name)

Let your name .....

- Thm be vo sau tc t (be nguyn mu khng chia):

Let your name be.....

- i ng t thnh P.P ( write => written)

Let your name be written.....

- Cc phn cn li vit li ht (on the blackboard )

Let your name be written on the blackboard

CU B NG (passive voice) BI 7

NHNG DNG B NG RING L

Mu 1 :

Mu ny c dng :

It is sb's duty to inf.

=> Sb (be) supposed to inf.

V d:

It's your duty to do this work.

=> You are supposed to do this work.

Mu 3:

Mu ny c dng :

It is impossible to do sth

=> Sth can't be done.

V d:

It is impossible to repair that machine.

=> That machine can't be repaired

Mu 4:

Mu ny c dng :

S + enjoy + Ving + O

=> S + enjoy + O being + P.P

V d:

We enjoy writing letters.

=> We enjoy letters being written.

Mu 5:

Mu ny c dng :

S + recommend / suggest + Ving + O

=> S + recommend / suggest that S + should be p.p

V d:

He recommends building a house.

He recommends that a house should be built

Ghi nh:

Cc ng t dng with thay cho by :

Crowd , fill , cover

V d:

Clouds cover the sky.

=> The sky is covered with clouds

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