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Dunarea de Jos University, Galati

The Faculty of History, Philosophy and Theology

Specialisation - Sociology

SUICIDE

Name:Elena Dnil

Coordinator: Diana Popa


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MOTTO: Those who havent known terrible furies have

no idea about suicide, which is a mad fury phenomenon.(Emil Cioran)

Definition: Suicide is any death case which results directly orindirectly from a positive or negative act which is carried out by

the victim himself/herself who knows what the result would be.

(Emile Durkheim)

Suicide is the act of desperation of a person who doesnt want

to live any more.


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Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) was a French philosopher and

sociologist, founder of French school of sociology.

The Suicide (Le suicide, 1897)the third important work

of Durkheim, due to the themethe rise of suicide rate

towards the end of the 19thcentury.


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he first chapter- Suicide and the psychopathicmoods, showsthe influence the extra-social causes may have upon suicides.

In his work Durkheim speaks about four types of suicides:

a) The maniacal suicide appears because of hallucinations or

delirious conceptions.

b) The melancholic suicideappears when the patient isdepressed or sad and (s)he does not value his/her relationships

with the people and things around him/her.


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c) The obsessive suicidehas no particular reason, but the

patient has a very strong desire to die.

d) The impulsive or automaticsuicide just like the obsessivesuicide, it is characterized by lack of motivation but it appears

suddenly and the patient cannot resist it.


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he second chapter- Suicide and the normal psychologicalmoods. Race. Heredity, refers to the way race influences

suicides.

Race is a group of people with common features which arehereditary. The facts clearly show that if the number ofsuicides of a people is bigger than the number of suicides of

another people is due to the level of civilization and not to therace of the respective people.

When we talk about families with a high suicide rate, it often

happens to be identical with one another, that is they occur atthe same age and in the same way. To conclude, we cannotrefer to heredity as being the tendency which appears only atadulthood and accentuates itself while ageing.


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he third chapter- Suicide and cosmic factors, Durkheimemphasizes two cosmic factors which might influence suicide:

climate and temperature.

Some studies show that the order of seasons from the suicidal

point of view is : summer, spring, autumn, winter.

There is no connection between temperature and suicide,

because in different countries with the same temperature in a

certain period of time, the number of suicides is totally

different.

Also, the daylight may favor suicide because the businesses

and the social life are more intense.


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The fourth chapter Immitation, takes into account apsychologic factor, which is considered to be a very importantone.

Immitation may occur among persons with no social

connection.

In conclusion, immitation is not an original factor of suicide,only with some exceptions.


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When referring to the social causes and the social types, theauthor describes the following types of suicides: the selfish

suicide, the altruist suicide andanomic suicide.

The selfish suicidehas more factors such as: religion, family

and society.

The altruistic suicide occurs because the society makes people

too dependent on it.

The anomic suicideis caused by any lack of balance and thus a

person takes his/he life easier when the social structure suffers

important changes.


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Statistics show that:

widow(er)s commit suicide more frequently than married

people but less frequent than unmarried people;

too early marriages have a more severe influence on suicide,

especially for men;

after 20, married people commit suicide less frequently than

the unmarried people.


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Conclusion To sum up, the act of committing suicide is indeed a crime

which has several factors that make us better understand the

reasons for making people choose this.

To many people suicide seems the easiest choice, sometimes

even the spare situation, but it is not the solution to any

problem, no matter how difficult it may seem.


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Bibliography: Durkheim, Emile, Le suicide, Iasi, 1993, Institutul European;

Zamfir, Ctlin & Vlsceanu, Lazr, Dicionar de Sociologie,

Ed. Babei, Bucuresti, 1998.


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