epidemiologia catedra 2.pdf

16
5/18/2018 EpidemiologiaCATEDRA2.pdf-slidepdf.com http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/epidemiologia-catedra-2pdf 1/16 0CPXSTLO -5 CmfabjflildÇ^ v mliÇqf`^p  abp^ira mÖ_if`^ >o[fkoc_l nl[\[di ]c_hn{`c]i _m ch]igjf_ni( n[hni mc _m i\m_lp[]cih[f ]igi _rj_lcg_hn[f* >o[fkoc_l nl[\[di ]c_hn{`c]i _m mom]_jnc\f_ ^_ ji^_l m_l l_\[nc^i i gi^c`c][^i jil fim ho_pim ]ihi]cgc_hnim* @mni hi him ]ih`c_l_ f[ fc\_ln[^ ^_ cahil[l fim ]ihi]cgc_hnim ko_ s[ n_h_gim hc ^_ jimjih_l f[ []]c}h ko_ j[l_]_h _rcacl _h oh gig_hni ^[^i - *  åNcl <omnch =l[^`il^ Ccff( ^cm]olmi ^_f jl_mc^_hn_( Mis[f Ni]c_ns i` H_^c]ch_( -0 ^_ _h_li ^_ -521 G[ _rj_lc_h]c[ _m _m[ ]im[ g[l[pcffim[ ko_ n_ j_lgcn_ l_]ihi]_l oh _llil ]o[h^i po_fp_m [ ]ig_n_lfi . *  åAl[hefch K* Eih_m( f_a_h^[lci bogilcmn[ _mn[^iohc^_hm_ $-5,4)-54,% M_gbqfslp ab ^mobkafw^gb M_pcm[l _f j[j_f ^_ f[ _jc^_gcifia{[ _h f[  jl_p_h]c}h ^_ _h`_lg_^[^_m s ]ihnl[mn[l ^im  jimc\f_m _mnl[n_ac[m ^_ jl_p_h]c}h6 ^clcaclm_ [ alojim ^_ [fni lc_mai ^_ jl_m_hn[l oh[ _h`_lg_^[^ _h ]igj[l[]c}h ]ih ]_hnl[lm_ _h f[ ji\f[]c}h a_h_l[f* ñ ?_`chcl f[ _p[fo[]c}h ^_ lc_maim s ]ig_hn[l _f  j[j_f ^_ f[ _jc^_gcifia{[ _h f[ _p[fo[]c}h ^_ lc_maim( ch]foc^[ f[ g_^c]c}h ^_ f[ _rjimc]c}h* ñ ?_m]lc\cl ]}gi f[ _jc^_gcifia{[ jo_^_ gi^_f[l f[m jif{nc][m ^_ m[fo^ j~\fc][ _h @mn[^im Phc^im jil p{[ do^c]c[f* ñ Kl_m_hn[l f[ l_pcmc}h mcmn_gync][ s _f g_n[[hyfcmcm ]igi b_ll[gc_hn[m j[l[ l_mogcl f[ _pc^_h]c[ _jc^_gcif}ac][ om[^[ j[l[ _f[\il[l jif{nc][m ^_ m[fo^ j~\fc][ s ^_m]lc\cl ]}gi _f m_mai ^_  jo\fc][]c}h jo_^_ [`_]n[l [ [g\im ncjim ^_ _mno^cim* ñ D^_hnc`c][l [faoh[m ^_ f[m jimc\f_m `o_hn_m ^_ ch]_lnc^og\l_ ]o[h^i m_ oncfct[h fim l_mofn[^im ^_ fim _mno^cim _jc^_gcif}ac]im ]igi \[m_ j[l[ _f[\il[l jif{nc][m ^_ m[fo^ j~\fc][* @f jlch]cj[f j[j_f ^_ f[ _jc^_gcifia{[ _m _f ^_ m_lpcl ]igi \[m_ j[l[ _f ^_m[lliffi ^_ jif{nc][m ko_ ch`fos[h mi\l_ f[ m[fo^ bog[h[( ]igi f[ jl_p_h]c}h s _f ]ihnlif ^_ f[m _h`_lg_^[^_m* >igi m_ b[ pcmni _h ][j{nofim [h) n_lcil_m( fim l_mofn[^im ^_ fim _mno^cim _jc^_gcif}ac]im  jo_^_h m_l l_f_p[hn_m n[hni j[l[ fim jli\f_g[m ^_ f[ Ö.,-1* @fm_pc_l @mj[|[( N*G* M_m_lp[^im ni^im fim ^_l_]bim  jly]nc][ ]f{hc][ s ^_ f[ m[fo^ ^_ f[ ]igohc^[^ ]igi j[l[ f[m _mnl[n_ac[m ji\f[]cih[f_m ^_mnch[^[m [ f[ jl_p_h]c}h ^_ _h`_lg_^[^_m s f[ jligi]c}h ^_ f[ m[fo^* >igi m_ ]ig_hn} _h _f ][j{nofi -( f[m [jfc][]cih_m jly]nc][m ^_ f[ _jc^_gcifia{[ [ g_ho^i m_ p_h ]igi [fai n[h ]ihmomn[h]c[f ^_ f[ ^cm]cjfch[ ko_ _mnyh ch]iljil[^[m _h f[ jlijc[ ^_`chc]c}h ^_ _jc^_gcifia{[* ?_m^_ _f johni ^_ pcmn[ bcmn}lc]i( f[m chp_mnca[]cih_m _jc^_gcif}ac][m m_ chc]c[lih j[l[ b[]_l `l_hn_ [ fim ho_pim ^_m[`{im l_f[]cih[^im ]ih f[m _h`_lg_^[^_m bog[h[m s f[ m[fo^  j~\fc][* ?_ b_]bi( oh[ ^_ f[m jlch]cj[f_m `o_hn_m ^_ gi) ncp[]c}h _h f[ _jc^_gcifia{[ _m f[ [jfc][\cfc^[^ ^cl_]n[ ^_ mom l_mofn[^im j[l[ [fcpc[l fim jli\f_g[m ^_ f[ m[fo^ bog[h[* @h _mn_ ][j{nofi m_ jl_m_hn[ oh[ pcmc}h a_h_l[f ^_ [faoh[m ]o_mncih_m s jli\f_g[m l_f[]cih[^im ]ih f[ _jc^_gcifia{[ [ f[ bil[ ^_ [jfc][lf[ j[l[ f[ `ilgof[]c}h s _p[fo[]c}h ^_ jif{nc][m ^_ m[fo^ j~\fc][* CNGBCKGMJMEõ? W NPCTCLAGúL G[ cgjiln[h]c[ ^_ f[ _jc^_gcifia{[ _h f[ jl_p_h]c}h m_ b[ mo\l[s[^i _h p[lcim ^_ fim ][j{nofim [hn_lcil_m* G[ c^_hnc`c][]c}h ^_ f[m ji\f[]cih_m ]ih g[sil lc_mai( f[ ^_) n_lgch[]c}h ^_ f[ ][om[ ^_ mo g[sil lc_mai s _f [hyfcmcm ^_ fim ]imn_m s \_h_`c]cim ^_ _fcgch[l i l_^o]cl f[ _rjimc]c}h [f `[]nil i `[]nil_m ][om[f_m l_koc_l_h oh[ ]igjl_hmc}h ^_ fim ]ih]_jnim _jc^_gcif}ac]im \ymc]im s ^_ f[ jimc\f_ chn_ljl_n[]c}h ^_ fim l_mofn[^im ^_ fim _mno^cim _jc^_gci) f}ac]im* <^_gym( f[ _p[fo[]c}h ^_ f[ mifc^_t ^_ f[ _pc^_h]c[ s f[ c^_hnc`c][]c}h ^_ fim jimc\f_m f{gcn_m ^_ f[m ch`_l_h]c[m 13 /

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  • 0CPXSTLO-5

    Cmfabjflild^vmliqf`^pabp^iram_if`^>o[fkoc_l nl[\[di ]c_hn{`c]i _m ch]igjf_ni( n[hni mc _m i\m_lp[]cih[f ]igi _rj_lcg_hn[f*>o[fkoc_l nl[\[di ]c_hn{`c]i _m mom]_jnc\f_ ^_ ji^_l m_l l_\[nc^i i gi^c`c][^i jil fimho_pim]ihi]cgc_hnim*@mnihihim]ih`c_l_f[fc\_ln[^^_cahil[lfim]ihi]cgc_hnimko_s[n_h_gimhc^_jimjih_lf[[]]c}hko_j[l_]_h_rcacl_hohgig_hni^[^i-*

    Ncligi m_ b[ pcmni _h ][j{nofim [h)n_lcil_m( fim l_mofn[^im ^_ fim _mno^cim _jc^_gcif}ac]imjo_^_hm_ll_f_p[hn_mn[hnij[l[fimjli\f_g[m^_f[

    .,-1* @fm_pc_l @mj[|[( N*G* M_m_lp[^im ni^im fim ^_l_]bim

    jly]nc][ ]f{hc][ s ^_ f[ m[fo^ ^_ f[ ]igohc^[^ ]igi j[l[f[m _mnl[n_ac[m ji\f[]cih[f_m ^_mnch[^[m [ f[ jl_p_h]c}h^_ _h`_lg_^[^_m s f[ jligi]c}h ^_ f[ m[fo^* >igim_ ]ig_hn} _h _f ][j{nofi -( f[m [jfc][]cih_m jly]nc][m^_ f[ _jc^_gcifia{[ [ g_ho^i m_ p_h ]igi [fai n[h]ihmomn[h]c[f ^_ f[ ^cm]cjfch[ ko_ _mnyh ch]iljil[^[m _hf[ jlijc[ ^_`chc]c}h ^_ _jc^_gcifia{[* ?_m^_ _f johni^_ pcmn[ bcmn}lc]i( f[m chp_mnca[]cih_m _jc^_gcif}ac][mm_ chc]c[lih j[l[ b[]_l `l_hn_ [ fim ho_pim ^_m[`{iml_f[]cih[^im ]ih f[m _h`_lg_^[^_m bog[h[m s f[ m[fo^j~\fc][* ?_ b_]bi( oh[ ^_ f[m jlch]cj[f_m `o_hn_m ^_ gi)ncp[]c}h _h f[ _jc^_gcifia{[ _m f[ [jfc][\cfc^[^ ^cl_]n[^_ mom l_mofn[^im j[l[ [fcpc[l fim jli\f_g[m ^_ f[ m[fo^bog[h[* @h _mn_ ][j{nofi m_ jl_m_hn[ oh[ pcmc}h a_h_l[f^_ [faoh[m ]o_mncih_m s jli\f_g[m l_f[]cih[^im ]ih f[_jc^_gcifia{[ [ f[ bil[ ^_ [jfc][lf[ j[l[ f[ `ilgof[]c}hs_p[fo[]c}h^_jif{nc][m^_m[fo^j~\fc][*

    CNGBCKGMJME?WNPCTCLAGLG[ cgjiln[h]c[ ^_ f[ _jc^_gcifia{[ _h f[ jl_p_h]c}h m_b[ mo\l[s[^i _h p[lcim ^_ fim ][j{nofim [hn_lcil_m* G[c^_hnc`c][]c}h ^_ f[m ji\f[]cih_m ]ihg[sil lc_mai( f[ ^_)n_lgch[]c}h^_f[][om[^_mog[sillc_mais_f[hyfcmcm^_fim ]imn_m s \_h_`c]cim ^_ _fcgch[l i l_^o]cl f[ _rjimc]c}h[f `[]nil i `[]nil_m ][om[f_m l_koc_l_h oh[ ]igjl_hmc}h^_ fim ]ih]_jnim _jc^_gcif}ac]im \ymc]im s ^_ f[ jimc\f_chn_ljl_n[]c}h ^_ fim l_mofn[^im ^_ fim _mno^cim _jc^_gci)f}ac]im*

  • 130 Qb``fk1?NJGA?AGLBCJ?CNGBCKGMJME??J?CT?JS?AGLW?JBCQ?PPMJJMBC,,,

    ^_lcp[^[m i ^_ f[ a_h_l[fct[]c}h ^_ fim l_mofn[^im nc_h_hoh[ cgjiln[h]c[ ]lo]c[f* G[ _jc^_gcifia{[ jo_^_ ]ihmc)^_l[lm_(jiln[hni(f[]c_h]c[\ymc][^_f[jl_p_h]c}h*

    G[ jl_aohn[ ^_ ]oyhnim ^[nim _jc^_gcif}ac]im m_h_]_mcn[h j[l[ domnc`c][l oh _m`o_lti ^_ jl_p_h]c}hhi nc_h_ oh[ l_mjo_mn[ `y]cf* ih f[ jl_p_h]c}h m_]oh^[lc[( f[m ]o_mncih_m mih[fai ^c`_l_hn_m* Oi^[p{[ b[s ko_ ]ihmc^_l[l f[ al[p_^[^^_ f[ _h`_lg_^[^ _h ]o_mnc}h* Nch _g\[lai( b[s ko_jl_aohn[lm_( [^_gym( mc _m jimc\f_ ^_n_]n[l f[ _h`_lg_)^[^ [hn_m ^_ fi b[\cno[f g_^c[hn_ _f ]lc\[^i( koz al[^i^_ chp[mcpc^[^ s koz ]imn_ n_h^l{[ _m_ ]lc\[^i( mc oh[j_lmih[ ko_ nc_h_ f[ _h`_lg_^[^ i\nc_h_ [fa~h \_h_`c)]ci mc _f nl[n[gc_hni m_ chc]c[ _h oh _mn[^ci jl_pci [ fib[\cno[f s mc _f ]lc\[^i m_ [mi]c[ [ _`_]nim j_ldo^c]c[f_m*G[ _jc^_gcifia{[ _m( mch ^o^[( oh gzni^i ^_ p[filch][f]of[\f_j[l[l_mifp_lgo]b[m^__mn[m]o_mncih_m*

    Dfdro^ /7+/* ?c[al[g[ ^_ f[ _jc^_gcifia{[ ]fymc][ ^_ fim`[]nil_m^_lc_mai*

    Dfdro^ /7+0, ?c[al[g[ ^_f gi^_fi _jc^_gcif}ac]i [g)jfc[^i ^_ fim `[]nil_m ^_ lc_mai j[l[ ch]focl ^_n_lgch[hn_m ^_ f[_rjimc]c}h( [m{ ]igi fim _`_]nim mi]c[f_m( `[gcfc[l_m( jmc]if}ac]im(_]ih}gc]ims]igohcn[lcim^_f[_h`_lg_^[^*

    Dfdro^ /7+1, ?c[al[g[ ^_f gi^_fi _jc^_gcif}ac]i [gjfc[^i^_ fim `[]nil_m ^_ lc_mai j[l[ ch]focl f[m chn_ll_f[]cih_m ^_ fim`[]nil_mko_^_n_lgch[hf[mom]_jnc\cfc^[^if[pofh_l[\cfc^[^*

    @h fim ~fncgim [|im m_ b[ ^clcac^i al[h [n_h]c}h [[gjfc[l fi ko_ m_ b[ ff[g[^i _f gi^_fi _jc^_gcif}ac]inl[^c]cih[f ^_ `[]nil ^_ lc_mai( _h _f ko_ m_ _rjfil[f[ l_f[]c}h _hnl_ oh `[]nil ch^_j_h^c_hn_( ]igi oh[_rjimc]c}h( s oh `[]nil ^_j_h^c_hn_( ]igi oh l_mofn[^i^_ f[ _h`_lg_^[^ $`ca* -5)-%* N_ b[ moa_lc^i ko_ _mn__h`iko_ ^_\_ [gjfc[lm_ _h ^im ^cl_]]cih_m6 _h jlcg_lfoa[l( ^_\_ ch]focl f[ g_^c]c}h hi m}fi ^_f l_mofn[^i[^p_lmi $f[ jlijc[ _h`_lg_^[^%( mchi n[g\czh ^_ fimcgj[]nim _]ih}gc]im( mi]c[f_m s jmc]if}ac]im ^_lcp[^im^_f l_mofn[^i ^_ f[ _h`_lg_^[^ mi\l_ _f ch^cpc^oi( mo`[gcfc[ s f[ ]igohc^[^7 _h m_aoh^i foa[l( _mny ]f[liko_ f[ _rjimc]c}h [ oh mojo_mni [a_hn_ ][om[f hi mo_f_^cmnlc\oclm_ ^_ g[h_l[ ohc`ilg_ _h oh[ ji\f[]c}h* Kiln[hni( m_ ^_\_h [h[fct[l fim `[]nil_m ko_ ^_n_lgch[hmc oh[ j_lmih[ ko_^[ _rjo_mn[ mc f[ jl_p_h]c}h m_ p[[ \[m[l _h f[ l_^o]]c}h ^_ f[ _rjimc]c}h $`ca* -5).%*@f gi^_fi ]igjf_ni _m [~h gym ]igjf_di( ]igi m_p_ _h f[ `caol[ -5)/6 f[ l_f[]c}h _mny ch`fo_h]c[^[ jilKL[LYTPUHU[LZ KL SH Z\ZJLW[PIPSPKHK ^_f ch^cpc^oi [ f[_rjimc]c}h( ]igi `[]nil_m a_hznc]im( dohni ]ih f[m ch)`fo_h]c[m [g\c_hn[f_m s mi]c[f_m*

  • @fm_pc_l*A

    ini]ijc[lmch[onilct[]c}h_moh^_fcni*

    A^mqril/7Cmfabjflild^vmliqf`^pabp^iram_if`^ 131

    SNCJMLEQKMICPQF?TC?

    MLC+GL+RUMAF?LACMD BWGLENPMK

    QKMIGLE+PCJ?RCBBGQC?QC,

    WK7RN6NNRN@McaGR%JJLCTCPC}gi _f ]lcn_lci ^_ p[fil[]c}h jo_^_ ch`focl _hf[ j_l]_j]c}h ^_f lc_mai s f[ pifohn[^ ^_ []no[l^_ oh[ j_lmih[* $N* F_ff_s* -554 N[h ?c_aiPhcihOlc\oh_*>ijf_sI_qmN_lpc]_*%

    ^_ _mj_l[l ko_ n[f_m ^_]cmcih_m n[g\czh m_ ]cg_hn[lyh _hoh[ m}fc^[ \[m_ ^_ _pc^_h]c[ ]c_hn{`c][ jlijil]cih[^[ jilf[_jc^_gcifia{[sinl[m^cm]cjfch[ml_f_p[hn_m*

    @m cgjiln[hn_ ^cmnchaocl _hnl_ f[m _rjimc]cih_m TH%JYV HTIPLU[HSLZ s TPJYV HTIPLU[HSLZ& G[m _rjimc]cih_mg[]li[g\c_hn[f_m mih f[m ko_ [`_]n[h [ ji\f[]ci)h_m i ]igohc^[^_m _hn_l[m( ]igi f[ ]ihn[gch[]c}h[ngim`zlc][* G[m _rjimc]cih_m gc]li[g\c_hn[f_m mihfim `[]nil_m [g\c_hn[f_m ko_ [`_]n[h [ oh ch^cpc^oi_mj_]{`c]i( ]igi f[ ^c_n[( _f n[\[kocmgi s _f ]ihmogi^_ [f]ibif* ?_m^_ _f johni ^_ pcmn[ ^_ f[ jl_p_h]c}h(fim `[]nil_m g[]li[g\c_hn[f_m mih gym `y]cf_m ^_ ]ih)nlif[l s gi^c`c][l _h go]bim [mj_]nim( s[ ko_ _mni m_jo_^_ fial[l g_^c[hn_ f[ f_acmf[]c}h s f[m hilg[ncp[m$j* _d*( _mn[\f_]c_h^i hilg[m g_^ci[g\c_hn[f_m j[l[fim ]ihn[gch[hn_m%* Kil _f ]ihnl[lci( f[ gi^c`c][]c}h ^_`[]nil_m gc]li[g\c_hn[f_m ^_j_h^_ ^_ f[ gi^c`c][]c}h^_ fim by\cnim s ^_f _mncfi ^_ pc^[ ch^cpc^o[f_m( fi ko_ [g_ho^ijf[hn_[^c`c]ofn[^_mgo]big[sil_m*

  • 132 Qb``fk1?NJGA?AGLBCJ?CNGBCKGMJME??J?CT?JS?AGLW?JBCQ?PPMJJMBC,,,

    //7/07/17/27,04,14,24

    @ Nobpfk^oqbof^ipfpqif`^&jjFd'

    Dfdro^ /7+3,

  • @fm_pc_l*A

    ini]ijc[lmch[onilct[]c}h_moh^_fcni*

    A^mqril/7Cmfabjflild^vmliqf`^pabp^iram_if`^ 133

    ^cmnlc\o]c}h ^_ f[ jl_mc}h [ln_lc[f mcmn}fc][ _h /03*534p[lih_m ko_ `o_lih mig_nc^im [ ]lc\[^i _h _f _h)m[si ]f{hc]i Hofncjf_ Mcme A[]nil Dhn_lp_hncih Olc[f$HMADO%*

    @h f[ `caol[ -5)1= m_ go_mnl[ _f lc_mai ^_ giln[fc^[^jil l_mj_]ni [ f[ jl_mc}h [ln_lc[f mcmn}fc][ _h _mn_aloji7 _f lc_mai [og_hn[ ^_ `ilg[ ]ihmn[hn_ ]ih _fch]l_g_hni ^_ f[ jl_mc}h [ln_lc[f* G[m j_lmih[m ]ihoh[ jl_mc}h [ln_lc[f [ j[lncl ^_ -4, ggCa n_h{[h 1(21p_]_m gym lc_mai ^_ giln[fc^[^ jil ko_ [ko_ff[m]os[ jl_mc}h [ln_lc[f _l[ g_hil ^_ --, ggCa* @h f[`caol[ -5)1> m_ go_mnl[h fim jil]_hn[d_m ^_ _r]_mi ^_giln[fc^[^ jil ^_\c^i [ f[ bcj_ln_hmc}h _h ][^[hcp_f ^_ jl_mc}h [ln_lc[f* $G[m j_lmih[m ]ih oh[ jl_mc}h[ln_lc[f g_hil ^_ --, ggCa m_ ^_`ch_h ]igi ]ih oh_r]_mi ^_ giln[fc^[^ hofi*%

  • 134 Qb``fk1?NJGA?AGLBCJ?CNGBCKGMJME??J?CT?JS?AGLW?JBCQ?PPMJJMBC,,,

    ^_m[lliff[l _ cgjf_g_hn[l fim g_^cim h_]_m[lcim j[l[mo jl_p_h]c}h $jlcg[lc[%* Mim_ ff_a} [ f[ mcaoc_hn_]ih]fomc}h6

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    A^mqril/7Cmfabjflild^vmliqf`^pabp^iram_if`^ 143

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  • 144 Qb``fk1?NJGA?AGLBCJ?CNGBCKGMJME??J?CT?JS?AGLW?JBCQ?PPMJJMBC,,,

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