UNIUNEA EUROPEAN

Fondul Social European GUVERNUL ROMNIEIMinisterul Dezvoltrii Regionale

i Administraiei Publice Instrumente Structurale

2007-2013

Proiect cofinanat din Fondul Social European prin Programul Operaional Dezvoltarea Capacitii Administrative 2007 2013

Axa prioritar 1: mbuntiri de structur i proces ale managementului ciclului de politici publice

Domeniul major de intervenie: 1.3 mbuntirea eficacitii organizaionale

Operaiunea: Module de pregtire n domenii ca achiziiile publice, ECDL, limbi strine, dezvoltarea de proiecte, licitarea i managementul proiectelor etc.

Titlul proiectului: mbuntirea eficacitii organizaionale a administraiei publice locale i a instituiilor deconcentrate din jud. Alba prin furnizarea de programe de instruire pentru dezvoltarea i perfecionarea abilitilor de comunicare n sfera public i comunicare n limba strin ale angajailor, cu scopul atingerii unor cerine i standarde impuse de Uniunea EuropeanContract PODCA: 402 / 24.10.2013

Cod SMIS: 22763Beneficiar: Universitatea 1 Decembrie 1918 din Alba IuliaSUPORT DE CURSLIMBA ENGLEZ NIVEL MEDIU

GABRIEL BRBULE

ALBA IULIA2014 Acest material a fost elaborat n cadrul proiectului mbuntirea eficacitii organizaionale a adminsitraiei publice locale i a instituiilor deconcentrate din jud. Alba prin furnizarea de programe de instruire pentru dezvoltarea i perfecionarea abilitilor de comunicare n sfera public i comunicare n limba strin ale angajailor, cu scopul atingerii unor cerine i standarde impuse de Uniunea European, proiect cofinanat din Fondul Social European prin Programul Operaional Dezvoltarea Capacitii Administrative 2007 2013.

CUPRINS11.THE NOUN AND THE ARTICLE

92.THE ADJECTIVE

112.1.Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

173.THE ADJECTIVE/ THE NOUN

213.1.Place of adverbs/ adjectives

244.THE ADJECTIVE; THE PRONOUN

255.THE VERB

255.1.Present Continuous; Social English

285.2.Present Perfect

306.MODAL VERBS

337.BIBLIOGRAFIE

1. THE NOUN AND THE ARTICLE1. Fill in the blanks in the sentences, using an appropriate noun with the same root as the verb in italics:

1. Life has been transformed since the beginning of the century. Life has undergone a . 2. He organized the conference extremely well. The was excellent. 3. He announced the date of the election. Did you hear the? 4. He would do better to persuade him. is more effective than force. 5. Please sign this form. I need your . 6. You must encourage him. He needs . 7. You have arranged the furniture very well. I like the of the furniture. 8. He arranged everything connected with the meeting. He made the for the meeting. 9. Letters and parcels are not delivered on Sundays. There are no on Sundays. 10. He suddenly realized he had been tricked. The that he had been tricked came suddenly. I need your help to realize this plan. Your help is necessary for the of this plan. 11. He emphasized the need for good pronunciation. He placed great on good pronunciation. 12. I admire his patience. I am full of for his patience. 13. British people consume a lot of sweets. Sweet is very high in Britain. 14. He annoyed the passers-by. He caused the passers-by .

2. Complete the sentences below using an article + a noun that is associated with the underlined noun:

1. We went into shops which had absolutely nothing on . 2. You shouldnt ask a question if you already know . 3. Ive never taught a class where are so noisy. 4. It was a lovely house but were too steep for old people. 5. In a test should not be too difficult or too easy. 6. Its a newspaper where arent covered with pictures. 7. Im not surprised you cant walk in those shoes, are much too high. 8. Before you go on a long journey in your car, check to make sure have enough air in them. 9. I bought the radio in a sale. had been slashed by 50%. 10. Whats the point in buying an expensive television if isnt clear?

3. Discuss the use of the article in the following examples. Give the plural forms of the underlined nouns:

1. A stream is a small river. 2. An undertaker was arrested for drunken driving. 3. The best pet for a child is a dog. 4. If you dont like public transport, you should get a car. 5. A dog is sitting listening to a record-player. 6. You can never trust a politician. 7. A car isnt the best way to travel in a city.

4. In some of the sentences below both the noun groups are possible; in others only one is correct. Decide where you can use both and where only one is possible:

1. Im thirsty; lets go to a pub/ the pub. 2. Nowadays a hairdressers/ the hairdressers is a place where both men and women can have a haircut. 3. Dont forget, youre going to a doctors/ the doctors today. 4. I need some stamps; where can I find a post office/ the post office? 5. Our fear of a dentists/ the dentists starts when we are children. 6. Its such a small village; you wouldnt expect it to have a school/ the school.

5. Choose the appropriate form in the examples below:

A. 1. Lithuanian borders were set up in the spring/ in spring. 2. In summer/ a summer its hot but in winter/ a winter its very cold. 3. During a day/ the day it was very hectic but at the night/ a night it was desolate. 4. What are you doing after lunch on Tuesday/ a Tuesday? 5. Past/ the past is forgotten. 6. It was summer/ a summer of intense heat. 7. Air force relief flights continue in a morning/ the morning. 8. I did a lot of work in Hamburg in eighties/ the eighties. 9. Do you suffer from malaria/ a malaria? 10. I get fed up when I have cold/ a cold because my nose goes bright red. 11. What is the best treatment for flu/ the flu? 12. I took some aspirin for headache/ a headache. 13. Leukaemia is cancer/ a cancer of the blood. 14. Dont sit in a draught or youll catch chill/ a chill. 15. I hope I havent caught hepatitis/ a hepatitis.

B. 1. After a while. Maria came in, her hair/ the hair freshly combed. 2. Bess kissed her on her cheek/ the cheek. 3. The Baron leaned forward and looked her in the face/ her face. 4. He put his hand/ the hand on the shoulder/ her shoulder. 5. She slipped her arm/ the arm under his and gave him a nudge. 6. The General had a pistol in the hand/ his hand. 7. He could have shot me in the foot/ my foot.

Decide whether you can leave out the in the following examples:

1. He became the chairman of the company. 2. Mrs Jacobs is the head of two departments. 3. They made him the leader of the gang. 4. Im going to meet the director of the club. 5. Mr J.Benn, the owner of the shop, made no comment. 6. Hes been the captain for the last six matches. 7. I was the manager for only six weeks before the company went bankrupt.. 8. They made the President sign the document. 9. She was the Queen for only a hundred days. 10. I was the best man at the wedding.

7. Complete the following sentences, using the words in brackets in the right order:

1. Have you ever met? (stupid/ so/ boy/ a). 2. I dont think Ive ever read .. . (a/ such/ essay/ brilliant). 3. It was just . to miss. (good/ a/ too/ chance). 4. Do you realise it is? (a/ task/ what/ difficult) 5. I just dont know that is. (possibility/ likely/ how/ a) 6. We mustnt ignore . As this. (a/ as/ threat/ serious).

8. Make seven complete (and sensible) sentences by matching the following beginnings and endings:

1.The slower you eat,a. the greater the likelihood of meeting someone with whom you have

2. the further it is from the sun,b. the shorter the length of time youll be able to keep doing it

3. The wider your circle of friends,c. the longer the baking time.

4. The stronger the walls of a horses shoe,d. the more you will think you have eaten.

5. he larger the biscuit,e. the slower it travels.

6. he lower the power of the satellite signal,f. the fewer the nails needed to hold the shoe in place.

7. The more intense the exercise,g. the larger the dish diameter required.

9. Fill in the article where necessary:

A. They advanced into hall, went from table to table, scooping each plate clean, gathering up cold chips, tasty cod-shells of yellow batter, or crusts of bread and butter. Neither spoke, and whole operation went on in silence. man digging into pile of steaming fish and chips stared at Bert, who was composed enough to take up vinegar bottle and sprinkle it over what was in his hand, giving impression either that he worked in place collecting scraps like this, or that this was form of super-cheap meal served by caf to unobtrusive waifs and tramps. Bert cleared another table, glancing now and again at chatting waitresses nearby. blonde-dyed heavily painted woman passed Brian half cup of still hot tea, which he drank too slowly for job he was out with Bert to do. He set cup down, and man who had seen him drink tea covered his meal protectively. Brian had never done this before, might normally have been afraid to come into caf and play locust to its cast-off food, but he was too surprised at finding such edible nutriment set out plainly for getting to worry about who was looking on.

(Allan Sillitoe, Key to the Door)

B. In England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, English is language predominantly spoken. In Wales, however, Welsh, a form of British Celtic is first language of majority of population in most of western counties. Manx and Cornish varieties of Celtic are no longer effectively living languages, although, in Isle of Man, Manx is used in addition to English for certain official pronouncements. English is spoken throughout Channel Islands, but Norman French patois is still also spoken there by some people. French is still official language of Jersey.

10. Complete the following sentences with a noun formed from the multi-word verbs in columns A and B:

A. comeB. over1. Most plane crashes occur during ..or landing.

break

take off

up2. At the age of 35 Frank Haggler made a last night, and regained the heavyweight

championships of the world at Wembley Stadium.

cut back3. Shall we eat out tonight or get a Chinese ?

hold

build down

away4. If you have a while driving on a motorway, it can be very expensive to get your car repaired.

5. in teaching staff have meant that the student-teacher ration has increased

6. There was a .. on the Underground yesterday because of a temporary power failure

7. The City pages of daily newspapers are full of stories about company mergers and

8.Before the war broke out, there was a steady of tension, as each side accused the other of

atrocities

1. Fill the gaps with suitable nouns from the list below:

ABSTRACT NOUNS:

adventure, atmosphere, business, confidence, death, education, environment, experience, failure, fear, history, imagination, industry, kindness, knowledge, life, love, philosophy, pleasure, success, thought:

MASS NOUNS:

butter, cheese, coffee, juice, metal, milk, pasta, plastic, poison, soup, sugar, tea, wine, wood.

1. A thorough .of English is required. 2. It was an unforgettable . 3. The journey was a great . 4. Oak is a harder .. than pine. 5. She had a thrilling . . 6. It was a great .. to meet them. 7. He has a very vivid . . 8. The trip was an utter 9. This is a very salty 10. Cheddar is a very tasty . 11. He has a great .of music. 12. Id like a strong black please.

2. Substitute the correct paired phrases for the underlined definitions in the sentences below:

e.g. Hes the kind of person who will change his mind a dozen times before making a decision. Answer: chop and change.Trial and error

short and sweet

by and large

sick and tiredchop and change

touch and go

few and far betweenhit and miss

safe and soundblack and blue

1. Im fed up with your noise! 2. Sunny days are rare in January. 3. If you want your letter to be published in the newspaper,, keep it concise. 4. The only way to learn something is by experimenting. 5. There are very few strict rules about English grammar. 6. I slipped on the ice yesterday and now my bottom is badly bruised. 7. Its doubtful whether Simon will pass his final exam next week. 8. His performance as an actor is very unpredictable - sometimes hes brilliant, other times hes awful. 9. On the whole, it has been a successful conference. 10. While their mothers were telephoning each other frantically at four in the morning, the two girls were alive and unharmed at the house of a friend.

3. Match the expressions on the left to their definitions on the right:

to put your foot in it

to have doubts about a decision youve made

to pull sones leg

to be difficult to control

to have/ get cold feet about smthto be difficult to control

to put your feet up

to be useful

to twist sone round your little fingerto be very good at

to keep your fingers crossed

to have hardly enough to live on

to come in handy

to tease someone

to be a dab hand at

to relax

to be a handful

to hope things will turn out right

to live from hand to mouth

to cause embarrassment by saying sthg inappropriate

4. Put each of the collectives in its correct sentence:

a mine of information / a load of rubbish / a clash of cultures / a breath of fresh air / a flash of inspiration / a flood of tears / a battle of wits / a round of applause / a wink of sleep (not get) / a sea of faces / a piece of cake (to be colloquial) / a bag of nerves

1. You can ask Tim anything, he seems to have a tremendous amount of knowledge. He is . 2. Most of what you watch on TV these days is . I dont know why we bother to pay the licence fee any more. 3. On hearing that she had been rejected by the drama school, she spent the evening in . 4. Seeing a MacDonalds in the middle of Beijing seemed to me . . 5. After boring old Mr Atkins, the new head teacher is .. . 6. When he stood on the platform in order to give his first-ever public speech, he almost fainted when he saw .looking expectantly at him. 7. Someone next door was playing heavy metal music all night long. I didnt get .. . 8. While I was sitting in the bath last night, the solution to our problem came to me in .. . 9. Cambridge Proficiency? No problem, its .., he boasted. 10. Some of the discussion programmes on TV are quite entertaining, especially when you get good speakers who have opposing views. It very often turns into . 11. Could we have for our most marvellous speaker? She really kept up absorbed for the whole evening. 12. He chain smokes, never sits still and is always giving little coughs. He really . .

5. Match the expressions with their definitions:

Lets call it a day

well before deadline

He left on the dot of 6.00

a disastrous day

You can stay here for the time being

spontaneously

She goes to bed in the early hours.

Give pleasure

we decided on the sour of the moment

at 3 a.m. or 4 a.m.

Some good news can make my day

just before its too late

I like to arrive at the airport in good timeat exactly that time

It was just one of those days

very quickly/ soon

Hell be here in no time (at all)

finish what were doing

She left the building in the nick of time

temporarily

6. Here are some adjectives which have similar meanings. Fill in the gaps with suitable nouns:

1. a light summer coata pale facea bright sunny daya colourless liquid

2. a famous..a well-knowna notorious..an infamous.a distinguished.

3. an extensivea longa wide..

a broad

4. an old

an elderly..an ancient..an old-fashioned.

5. a new..

a modernan up-to-date..a recent..a fresh..

6. a considerable.a major.a strong

an importanta significant a vital.

7. an insignificant.A minor.A small

a little..an essential

8. a strange.An unusuala rare

a peculiar..an uncommon

7. Re-write the sentences on the left using one of the similes on the right:

1. She is very forgetful.

- money like water.

2. She ran very fast.

- like a bomb.

3. She slept very deeply.

- like a sieve.

4. She didnt fit with the others.

- like a bull in a china shop.

5. She is very wasteful with money.

- like a log.

6. Her car goes fast, despite its age.

- like a fish out of water.

7. Shes always knocking things over.

- like a bat out of hell

8. She only weighs 45 kgs.

- as dead as a dodo

9. The village has no life after 8.00 p.m.

- as light as a feather

8. Match the words in column A to their pairs in Column B, then find the correct definition of the phrase, in Column C:

Column A

Column B

Column C

aches and

outs

exact data

down and

out

various activities or topics

ins and

goings

a person who lives on the streets

odds and

pains

all the details of a situation

pros and

downs

several minor health problems

give and

ends

advantages and disadvantages

peace and

parcel

a tingling feeling in your limbs

this and

take

tranquillity

ups and

figures

the busy activity at a scene

pins and

cons

good times and bad times

part and

that

a variety of different items

comings and

quiet

an essential component (of a problem)

facts and

needles

concessions on both sides

2. THE ADJECTIVE1. monosilabice: comparativ de superioritate

superlativ

cold

colder (than)

the coldest

gay

gayer

the gayest

big

bigger

the biggest

Today it is colder than yesterday.

2. bisilabice terminate n -er, -y, -ow, -le:

clever

cleverer

the cleverest

happy

happier

the happiest

narrow

narrower

the narrowest

humble

humblerthe humblest

bisilabice cu alte terminatii:

intense

more intense (than)the most intense

3. cu mai multe silabe:

beautifulmore beautiful the most beautiful

comparativ de inferioritate: less + adj. than: it is less cold than yesterday

comparativ de egalitate: as + adj. + as:

it is as cold as yesterday

adjective / adverbe neregulate

much

more

the most

many

little

less

the least

few

good

better

the best

bad/ ill

worse

the worst

old

older

the oldest

elder

the eldest

She is older than her brother. His elder sister is 24.

My elder sister is 4 years older than me.

far

farther

the farthest (n spatiu)

further

the furthest (n timp)

late

later

the latest (cel mai recent/ trziu/ nou)

the latter (ultimul din doi)the last (ultimul din serie)

near

nearer

the nearest (cel mai apropiat)

the next (imediat urmtorul)

2.1. DEGREES OF COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

1. Use the right form of the adjectives in brackets:

The (long) the speech is, the (tedious) it is.

The (stormy) the weather, the (dangerous) the trip.

The (eager) the child, the (intricate) the question he asks.

Her words are becoming (sharp).

Dont count on him to do it. He is getting (tired).

Her voice was growing (loud).

2. Do the same thing for the following examples:

The (near) station is Calea Victoriei.

Johns (late) novel was a (good) seller and for sure it wont be his (late) one.

Her (old) brother is called Jim.

We were in a hurry to catch the (late) bus.

Which is (old) of the two?

They got down to business without (far) delay.

I saw him meet her at the (far)end of the street.

I shall need (far) help with this.

3. Translate:

Lucrul cel mai simplu e sa trimiti un bilet.

Care dintre ei e mai bun la franceza?

Ia-o pe poteca cea mai ingusta.

Erai mai ocupat decat mine la vremea aceea?

Ana e cea mai timida perietena a fiicei noastre.

Pare sa fie mai putin frig decat anul trecut pe vremea asta.

Hotelul acela era si mai elegant.

4. Give the right form of the adjective, then combine it with the appropriate noun in the right column:

eg. it has no taste tasteless a tasteless meal

it has no life

it has no trees

it has no use

she has no job

she has no mother

she has no hat

valley

body

rag

child

woman

girl

city

5. Give the same meaning, using compound adjectives:

eg. a text long of two paragraphs a two-paragraph-long text

a girl having fair hair a fair-haired girl

a tree old of two centuries

a child of three years

the rain of last week

a man having broad shoulders

a man having fishy eyes

a girl having an empty head

a table covered with cloth

a vase having many colours

a house with three corners

a person with straight hair

a teacher that has an open mind

a person that has the heart of a lion

6. Do the same thing for the following examples:

eg. an animal like a cat

a cat-like animal

a pallor like that of death

an atmosphere like that of home

a neck like that of a swan

a speed like that of a rocket

a smell like that of the forest

a noise like comparable with that of a rocket

7. Make up four meaningful sentences:

will, quarter, to, he, than, come, eight, past, later?

appointment, is, time, past, the, four, the, next, half.

due, is, past, two, train, the, latest, twenty, at.

missing, nineteen, page, is, chapter, in, three.

8. Use appropriate modal verbs and those between brackets to rephrase the following sentences:

eg. Mary understands English very well (speak).She can speak English very well.

The boy is late for school (hurry).

The girl doesnt have to wait any longer (go in).

I am waiting for a letter (receive).

She is angry with you (speak).

We spent all our money last week (borrow).

Dick and Tom are thinking of a trip to the Apuseni mountains (go).

The manager has no time to read the letters today (read).

3. THE ADJECTIVE/ THE NOUN

1. Discuss the differences in meaning between the words in italics:

1. She has a talking parrot.

Have you heard her parrot talking?

2. She is an old friend.

My friend is quite old.

3. All the people concerned were there.

All the concerned people were there.4. It wasnt a proper meeting.

The meeting proper began at 9.5. The members of the staff present.

The present members of the staff.6. Is he the person responsible?

Is he a responsible person?7. I have a friend living in London.

She has no living relatives.8. He is a complete idiot.

The complete meal cost a mere L5.9. The film has an involved plot.

The actors involved were unconvincing.2. Adjectives placed after a verb, NOT before a noun: afloat, afraid, alight, alike, alive, aloft, alone, asleep, awake, well, unwell, ill, content;

Are you .yet?

The fire isnt .yet.

Shh! The baby is .. in its cot.

I dont feel very .

Dont leave the baby ..all night.Her two sisters look .. .

Adjectival expressions normally placed after a noun: galore, manqu, elect, present (=attending), proper (=itself);

There was food .at the party.The manager .takes office next month.

He is an artist .

Adjectival constructions placed after a noun, rather than before it: concerned (=affected), responsible (=doer), involved (=included), imaginable (after a superlative);

All the people have been notified.That was the most disgusting meal !

Adjectival expressions used after/ before a noun: affected, available, required, suggested, obtainable;

All the people ..have complained./ All the people complained.

Work expands to take up the time .. / the .time.

Insert suitable adjectives:

1. Do you have all the ingredients?

7. I object to his rudeness.

2. Dont forget to follow the guidelines.

8. The people have all been arrested.

3. Never wake a baby.

9. In the sale there were bargains.

4. Id love a glass of lemonade.

10. Can I try one of those cakes?

5. She is the nicest person.

11. Some of the people fell asleep.

6. The meeting began promptly.

12. It seems to me that he is a fool.

3. Here are the first words of some common two-word compound nouns. What are the second words? In some cases there may be several possibilities.

inverted..general..mineral.air-traffic.

priceone-parent.current .stainless

travellers ..compact exclamation..ten-pound .

swimming .skating .deliveryjumble ..

chain ..clearance ..wastepaper public

4. anti- (opposed to), pro- (supporting), pre- (before), super- (greater than usual), half-, re- (again), un- (reverse action), over- (too much), under- (too little), out- (more than), self- (by/for itself), co- (together), counter- (against), ex- (former), semi- (half), sub- (below)

Fill the gaps in these sentences with suitable forms of the words in italics:

1. Its an .to say that a change of leader will solve all our problems. Simple. 2. The minister was accused of the number of unemployed. Estimate. 3. The ..members wereby the moderate union members. Strike/ vote. 4. It may be .to force them into making a decision, and if you upset them theyre likely to . Produce/ react. 5. Foreign-language films may be sudden or shown with . Title. 6. Magazines devoting page after page to reports on the lives of the and ..usually.more serious magazines. Rich/ star/ sell. 7. You neednt refer to the manual: the use of the camera is. Explain. 8. Thebegan after the troops received a signal. Attack/ arrange. 9. He..his to turn up at the .party. expect/ wife/ Christmas. 10. He went out into the snow and .later looking. . appear/ frozen.

5. Choose the word that best completes each of the sentences:

1. Many species of animals and plants today are dangerous/ endangered/ precarious/ risky/ under danger.

2. Modern farm animals and crops are the result of centuries of selective breeding/ cultivation/ education/ mating/ reproduction.

3. Much of our knowledge about evolution comes from the study of artefacts/ fossils/ relics/ ruins/ tracks.

4. My friend is a keen amateur natural historian/ naturalist/ naturist/ nationalist.

5. There are over 850,000 named colonies/ families/ species/ styles/ varieties of insects on this planet.

6. Rabbits and mice are amphibians/ carnivores/ marsupials/ rodents.

7. Crocodiles and alligators are crustaceans/ herbivores/ mammals/ reptiles.

8. The oak and the beech are bushes/ coniferous trees/ deciduous trees.

9. Crows and vultures are parasites/ predators/ scavengers/ scroungers, living on carrion.

10. The lioness lay in wait for her game/ lunch/ prey/ target/ victim.

11. Rats, mice and cockroaches are usually considered to be cuddly/ mischievous/ pets/ vermin/ weeds.

12. Cattle and chickens are domestic/ domesticated/ house-broken/ obedient/ tame/ wild animals.

13. Your cat has scratched me with its claws/ fangs/ hoofs/ nails/ paws/ pincers/ whiskers.

14. We all admired the parrots beautiful bark/ coat/ fleece/ fur/ hide/ plumage.

15. Many insects, such as wasps and ants, use their aerials/ antlers/ feelers/ horns/ whiskers to touch objects.

16. A caterpillar/ chrysalis/ maggot/ moth/ snake/ worm hatches from an egg laid by a butterfly.

17. We saw a huge crowd/ flock/ herd/ pack/ shoal/ swarm of birds through our binoculars.

18. The champions/ leaves/ lichen/ mushrooms/ toadstool that weve gathered in the woods will taste delicious fried in butter.

19. Squirrels and rabbits are amiable/ courteous/ delicious/ elegant/ endearing/ extravagant/ fierce little creatures.

6. Match the words in the lists below together:

basket, bucket, bunch, carafe, cup, flight, flock, gust,

ofbeans, bother, bread, cake, cards, cattle, herd, item, jug, loaf, pack, pair, piece, pot, puff, range,

equipment, flowers, fruit, helpers, hills, sack, school, slice, spoonful, spot, team, tin/ can, tube

honey, luggage, milk, potatoes, sheep,

smoke, socks, stairs, sugar, tea, tights,

toothpaste, tweezers, water, wind, wine,

whales.

7. Match the two halves of these idiomatic expressions:

muscular - Hes as strong as

healthy - Shes as fit as

a bata horse/ an ox

short-sighted - Shes as blind as

tough - Shes as hard as

a cucumbera mouse

hard of hearing - Hes as deaf as

crazy - Hes as mad as

a feather

nails

stupid - Shes as thick as

attractive - She looks as pretty as

a fiddle

a picture

unemotional - Hes as cool as

well-behaved - They were as good asgold

a post

self-effacinquiet as very slim - Shes as light as

two short planksa hatter

drink too much - He drinks like

the wind

drive fast - She drove like

cat and dog

have a row - They fought like

a sieve

run fast - She ran like

a fish

sleep well - I slept like

a house on fire

forgetful - I have a memory like

wildfire

extravagant - He spends money like

like water

swim well - He swims like

a log

be good friends - We got on like

the wind

very quickly - The news spread like

a bat out of hell

8. Match the words with their synonyms below:

amazed, annoyed, clever, confused, cured, depressed, determined, different, disappointed, dull, encouraged, exciting, frightened, glad, respected, revolting, shocked, upset, worried, worrying;

admired, anxious, astonished, better, bewildered, delighted, despondent, disgusting, disillusioned, distressed, disturbing, diverse, dreary, heartened, horrified, indignant, persistent, scared, talented, thrilling.

3.1. PLACE OF ADVERBS/ ADJECTIVES

1. Compare:

1. Tricia only wants to help.

Only Peter wants to help.

2. Paul just doesnt like flying.

Olivia doesnt just like flying,

3. Pam doesnt really feel well.

Jack doesnt feel really well.

Anne doesnt feel really well.

4. Tony and Jane still arent married.Still, Sue and Rob arent married.

Olivia and Paul arent still married, are they?

5. I dont particularly want to see Lisa.I particularly dont want to see Lisa.

6. I enjoy eating normally.I normally enjoy eating. Normally, I enjoy eating.

7. Carefully, I lifted the lid.I carefully lifted the lid. I lifted the lid carefully.

2. Use some of the following constructions:again and againall the time

every so often

from time to time

many times

most of the timeonce a week

once in a while

once every 4 yearsover and over againseveral times

twice a day

at the moment

at one time

every day

before breakfast

before long

a fortnight ago

in a moment

in the past

the following weekthe previous daywithin the hourin the evening

The Olympics take place . Ive warned you. to take care. I dont have the information , so Ill call you back.. . I agree to what she says, but .. we dont see eye to eye.

3. Match up the verbs and phrases:a. to answer

to a letter

b. to call

a letter/ the phone

c. to contact

someone a letter

d. to drop

someone a line

e. to get

someone on the phone

f. to give

somebody by phone/ by post

g. to keep

someone a ring

h. to reply

someone a story

i. to tell

through to some one on the phone

4. Use the right adjective:

astonishingastonishedautomaticautomatedchildish childlike stylish

stylistic economicaleconomic heartbreaking heartbrokenidealistic idealised

legible

readablepoisonedpoisonoussatisfactorysatisfying

1. Dont pick those mushrooms, theyre 2. She was.. when she was picked for the team. 3. This camera has.. exposure and focusing. 4. The characters in this film arent realistic, theyre.. . 5. He always dresses in a way. 6. Small cars are more .. than powerful ones. 7. He was when his wife left him. 8. Im afraid his work is only. . 9. Your signature is barely. . 10. Dont be so ., its only a game!

5. Rewrite the sentences:He takes an umbrella with him everywhere.Wherever..

It doesnt matter when you arrive.

You can ..

You did something that was very rude.What.

They just need somebody to help them.All.

He made a very impressive speech.

What

He was astonished by her confidence.

What

6. Change the sentences as in the model:ex. What annoys me is intolerance. Intolerance is what annoys me.

What I need is a friend to lend a helping hand. All I need is a friend

It doesnt matter whether he gets here in time or not. Whether or not he gets here in time doesnt matter.

Whatever she does seems to be successful.

Wherever he goes he makes friends easily.

Whoever Jane meets, they admire her.

7. Discuss the difference:

She has a talking parrot.

Have you heard the parrot talking?

She is an old friend.

My friend is quite old.

It wasnt a proper meeting.

The meeting proper began at 9.

The members of staff present.

The present members of staff.

Is he the person responsible?

Is he a responsible person?

I have a friend living in London.She has no living relatives.

He is a complete idiot.

The complete meal cost L5.

She has an elder brother.

Her brother is elderly.

8. We particularly enjoyed our holiday. We highly enjoyed our holiday. We very much enjoyed our holiday. We quite enjoyed our holiday. The weather was rather cold. The weather was quite cold The weather was utterly cold. The weather was bitterly cold. The food was absolutely perfect. The food was almost perfect.4. THE ADJECTIVE; THE PRONOUN

1. Use a few (cteva), few (putine), a lot of (o multime de):

At night there are .. people in the street. Last night I found .. open restaurants. I saw .. dogs in that yard. Dont worry, there are books to read. On a cloudy day there are . stars in the sky.

2. Use much / many:

They have got .. luggage. Two or three friends doesnt mean .. friends. He gives her advice but little helped. This child hasnt got energy. Does she know .. French? Do you receive letters? Is there . traffic in your district?

3. Make sentences using the given words:

ex. I am too tired to walk.

The table is easy enough to move.

book - difficult/ easy - to read

suitcase - heavy/ light - to carry

tea - cold - to drink

your shoes - wet - to put on

4. Form sentences using make and as as possible:

ex. life - happy We want to make our life as happy as possible.

room - warm

play - successful

dress - elegant

exercise - easy

machine - safe

tour - interesting

5. Use who (cine, care), whose (a/al/ai/ale cui), to whom (cui), whom (pe cine):

We dont know the man has come. We dont know that house is. I dont remember . he asked for advice. They dont like the worker helped them. He wants to know . we invited to dinner. Tell them . that book is. She doesnt care you give the prize.

6. Ask questions:

ex. Whose is this car? Its mine.

that house - ours

this newspaper - hers

that umbrella - yours

that large flat - theirs

this contract - his

that note-book - mine

7. Use something, somebody, somewhere, sometimes:

We must do to help them. . it is difficult to make the right decision. Where is the letter? I saw it ., but I dont remember where exactly. There is .. waiting for you in the hall. There may be .. more important than this matter.

5. THE VERB

5.1. Present Continuous; Social English

Read the following text:

Hello! My name is Rob Fellows. I come from Dundee, a town on the east coast of Scotland, but I am a student at Durham University, in the north of England. Im studying French and German, and I can speak the languages quite well. I also know a little Spanish, so I can speak four languages. Im enjoying the course a lot, but its very hard work! I live in Durham Castle, because the Castle is part of the University, with about thirty other students. The course started two years ago, ad Im in my third year. After the course Im going to work in France, but I dont know where yet.

Ask questions about Rob, using he/his:

a. ----------- come from?

b. What ------------ studying?

c. How many --------------- speak?

d. Is ------------ enjoying -------------?

e. ------------------ live?

f. ------------------ live with?

g. ------------------ course start?

h. What ---------------- after the course?

Match the questions and the answers:

1. Where were you born?

a. By bus.

2. Are you married?

b. Im a teacher.

3. What do you do?

c. Three.

4. How many children do you have?d. In Australia.

5. How far is from Dundee to Durham?e. Because I need it for my job.

6. How do you come to school?

f. About 120 miles.

7. Why are you learning English?

g. No, Im single.

Decide which is the correct verb form:

a. Maria comes/ is coming from Spain.

b. She speaks/ is speaking French, Spanish and English.

c. Today she wears/ is wearing jeans and a T-shirt.

d. She smokes/ is smoking twenty cigarettes a day.

e. She doesnt smoke/ isnt smoking now. She is in class.

Ask and answer the following questions:

a. Do you smoke? If you do, how many cigarettes do you smoke a day?

Are you smoking now?

b. Does your teacher smoke? Is he/ she smoking now?

c. Do you wear glasses? Are you wearing glasses now?

d. What are you wearing? What is your colleague wearing?

1. Match a line in column A with a line in column B:

A. B.

Could you fill it up, please?

Yes, Ill take the price off as well.

How would you like it?

Just one moment. Ill look it up.

Its a present. Could you gift-wrap it, please? Shall I check the oil, too?

Two lagers, please.

Would you drop me near the station?

Could you tell me where to get off?

Could I have three tens and the rest in five?

Could you tell me the code for Paris?

Halves of pints?

Ill give you a lift if you like.

Yes, Ill give you a shout.

2. Write a sentence about the people:

CountryPeople

adjective

Italy

Italian

Italian

The Italians make good cars.

GermanyGerman

German

Brazil

Brazilian

Brazilian

Spain

Spaniard

Spanish

HollandDutchman/ the DutchDutch

Turkey

Turk

Turkish

SwedenSwede

Swedish

ScotlandScot/ ScotsmanScottish

3. Make a dialogue using the following suggestions:

B. Answer the phone.

A. Say who you are. Ask how A is.

B. Reply.

A. Ask what B is doing tonight. Invite her/ him to go out for a meal.

B. You cant tonight. Say what you are going to do.

A. Suggest tomorrow night.

B. You cant. Say why. Suggest some time next week.

A. You cant. Youre going away on business. Suggest Saturday evening.

B. Agree.

A.+ B. Arrange a time and a place to meet.

A. + B. Say goodbye.

4. Ask suitable questions for the following answers:

a. There are three pictures on the wall.How many

b. Jane lives near the railway station.Where

c. Everybody knows the right answer.Who

d. Our friends arrive tomorrow.

When

e. We are coming next week, by car.How

5.2. Present Perfect

simple: have/ has + IIIrd form ex. we have been, he has come, you have played

continuous: have/ has been + -ing ex. we have been playing, she has been waiting

interogativ:

ex. have you been? negativ: have not + IIIrd form ex. they havent come1. exprim o actiune trecut, atunci cnd nu este precizat momentul cnd a fost efectuat:

I have met Mary.

2. exprim o actiune trecut raportat la momentul prezent; se foloseste cu urmtoarele adverbe:

always

We have always spent our winter holidays in the mountains.

often/ seldomThey have often/ seldom travelled abroad.

never

They have never been here (before).just

Tom has just arrived.

already

He has already read that book.

recentlyWe have recently been there.

so far

So far we have received five letters.

We have received five letters so far.Yet (-,?)They havent returned yet. Have they come yet?

3. exprim o actiune nceput n trecut si care contiunu si n prezent:

since

They have lived here since 1993/ last April.

for

They have lived here for six years/ several weeks.

forma continu arat c actiunea a nceput n trecut si s-a efectuat fr ntrerupere pn n prezent: I have been writing letters all day long. (I am still writing)

forma simpl arat c actiunea trecut este n prezent ncheiat:

I have written three letters. (I have finished them)

4. exprim actiuni trecute (momentul actiunii este neprecizat) efectuate de persoane care sunt n viat:Jane has written two novels so far.

- n caz contrar se foloseste Past Tense: Shakespeare wrote 37 plays.

5. exprim o actiune trecut ncheiat, dar care are rezultate n prezent:

I have bought a new car. (you can see my new car in the garage)

- n toate cazurile n afar de 3, dac momentul actiunii trecute este precizat se foloseste Past Tense:

Last year we spent our winter holidays in the mountains.

They travelled abroad in their childhood.

They werent here three years ago.

Tom arrived ten minutes ago.

They read that book last summer.

We received three letters the other day.

They didnt return at five.

I bought a new car two weeks ago.

6. MODAL VERBS

1. Fill in the blanks with could or be able to:

When the coach plunged into the river, only the driver get out. He was as strong as a horse: he ..work all day and dance all night. I mumble a few Hungarian words. She . reach the shore before she collapsed. I type when I was sixteen. you walk after the accident or did they have to carry you? Although a long way from the door, they .. get out very quickly. The man asked me the way, but as he . only speak Italian, I help him.

2. Use must, have to or have got to:

must - obligation imposed by the speaker;

have to - obligation imposed by external authority/ habitual necessity;

have got to - urgency/ limited obligation

You .. read this book. Its really excellent. Pupils wear uniforms at school. Why did she say she wouldnt come to the cinema tonight? She . write a composition. She .. attend a meeting once a month. She has caught a cold and she . leave earlier than usual. Why are you in such a hurry? I .. be at the station at 5 oclock, as my friend is arriving from the country today.

3. Use mustnt or neednt:

Passengers .. climb into a moving vehicle. They hurry, its only six. He . pour her any more beer. She has had too much of it already. You take your umbrella, it isnt going to rain. You come in your car, you can use mine. You smoke in the nursery, its bad for the child. Zoo notice: Visitors feed the animals. Shall I ask Mary? No, you , I know the answer myself.

4. Change the sentences, using I would rather/ I had better + short infinitive:

ex. I prefer to have tea than coffee.

I d rather have tea than coffee.

It will be better if I tell the truth.

Id better tell them the truth.

He prefers to watch television than go to the theatre. It will be better if he sees a doctor at once. It is advisable for her to spend more time in the library. I prefer not to sit up so late. It will be better for you to come home earlier. My old uncle prefers to live in the country than in the town. It is advisable that I phone Irene myself. She prefers to see a good film than to go to the opera.

5. Replaced the italicized words by used to + infinitive or to be used to + -ing:

At their age they are not accustomed to working three hours at a stretch. John was in the habit of running for half an hour every day. Usually they went to the university by bus. He always had a cup of coffee after lunch. Students usually turned in rather late. Before I went into hospital I was in the habit of smoking twenty cigarettes a day. I am not accustomed to speak in this way.

6. Use modal verbs to express the idea of necessity, possibility, obligation etc.:

ex. The possibility of somebodys arrival soon He may come soon.

The necessity to finish hes work.

A polite request to have somebodys paper for a minute.

A prohibition against smoking in the waiting-room.

Somebodys ability to speak four foreign languages.

The possibility of fine weather.

The possibility that somebody has fallen ill.

The necessity to start early in the morning.

Helens ability to have baked a good cake if she had had all the necessary ingredients.

The possibility of having spent the holidays abroad.

7. Rewrite the sentences, using must:

Probably it was already late. I am sure you are cold. They are not here, Im sure they are at the restaurant. She has probably worked very hard to be promoted. Im sure he has worked here for 20 years at least. I feel sure Mary is at home, theres light in her kitchen. The Browns are not early risers, I am sure they are still sleeping. Probably they have changed the programme, this piece was not announced.

8. Use wont or wouldnt:

I expected him to be reasonable, but he listen to me. I want to give him a chance, but he .. take it. She wanted to come, but her employer let her. I wanted to leave, but they hear of it. No matter how hard I try, this engine . start. Can you lend me your pen? Mine .. write

7. BIBLIOGRAFIE

Adamson, Donald. 1997. Practice Your Conjunctions and Linkers. Londra: Longman

Alexander, L.G. 1990. English Grammar Practice. Essex: Longman

Close, R. A. 1969. Prepositions. London: Longman

Budai, Laszlo. 1997. Gramatica engleza. Teorie si exercitii. Bucuresti:Teora.

Hall, Eugene. 1995. Building English Sentences. Adverbul. Bucuresti: Teora.

Leech, Geoffrey. 1997. English Grammar and Usage. Essex: Longman.

Mackenzie, M. D. Munro. 1972. Using English Essential Tenses. London: Evans Brothers

Misztal, Mariusz. 1996. Test Your English Grammar. Bucuresti: Teora

Murphy, Raymond. 1994. English Grammar in Use. Cambridge University Press

Schibsbye, Knud. 1978. A Modern English Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Thomson, A.J.; Martinet, A.V. 1997. A Practical English Grammar. Exercises. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Vince, Michael. 1994. Advance Language Practice. Oxford: Heinemann English Language Teaching.

Watcyn-Jones, Peter; Allsop, Jake. 1990. Test Your Prepositions. London: Penguin Books.

Zdrenghea, Mihai M.; Greere, Anca L. A Practical English Grammar. 1997. Cluj-Napoca

Coninutul acestui material nu reprezint n mod obligatoriu poziia oficial a Uniunii Europene sau a Guvernului Romniei

Titlul proiectului: mbuntirea eficacitii organizaionale a administraiei publice locale i a instituiilor deconcentrate din jud. Alba prin furnizarea de programe de instruire pentru dezvoltarea i perfecionarea abilitilor de comunicare n sfera public i comunicare n limba strin ale angajailor, cu scopul atingerii unor cerine i standarde impuse de Uniunea European, Cod SMIS 22763.Editorul materialului: Universitatea 1 Decembrie 1918 din Alba IuliaData publicrii: 28.02.2014

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