7/31/2019 Statul romn modern ntre anii

1/3

Vqhqt` uibn biadun nqud hnoo834?"8?83

Atw udzi`tohad `h 8313, oaddh wuonfowh`, aon wtnfq ad zdadud wi`oqof, fhud h wuobhq n Wuonfowhqd h jivqhfddh ad tnoud o ad h`onodud `h biad`t` dtuiwdhn ad biaduno{hud. W`hntuo`d tnoinoqo`iu ht jivq udatvdnv hwuihwd `h {dui n tubh Quhqhqt`to ad `h Eh`qh @obhn, aonqud Utvoh o Wihuqh, n tubh futohWuonfowhqd`d o woduadht#udvqunmdht/ htqiniboh onqdun.Bibdnqt` iwiuqtnh jivq ahq ad finqdsqt` onqdunhoinh` aon hnt` 8346, fna o{etfndqd u{eiot` Fuobdoo.Utvoh dvqd njunq o dswhnvotndh do n Eh`fhno iwuoq. Wuonfowhqd`d onqu n hqdnoh bhuo`iu wtqduo, n tubhFinzdnodo ad `h Whuov#8343/. @o vd hvomtu wuiqdfoh fi`dfqoz h hfdvqiuh, wuiqdfqiuhqt` utvdvf joonan`qtuhq.Hnt` 834? udwud{onq tnh aonqud fd`d bho udwud{dnqhqozd wduoihad h`d bhqtuoqoo wi`oqofd uibndqo. ntubh tniu hatnuo ha"cif, hqq n Bi`aizh, fq o n huh Uibndhvf, dvqd h`dv fh aibn H`dshnaut OihnFt{h. Ate`h h`dmdud nt nf`fh wudzdaduo`d Finzdnodo, wuon tubhud tnoudh Wuonfowhqd`iu dvqd udftnivftqwd w`hn onqdunhoinh`, ado vt{duhnoqhqdh iqibhn finqonth.

Aibnoh `to Ft{hzh hatfd i vduod ad biaojofuo fhud ziu udjiubh jhh wi`oqof, dfinibof o vifoh` huo`iu Uibnd. Wuobd`d bvtuo `thqd ad aibn ziu tno vduzofoo`d wte`ofd h`d Bi`aizdo o uoo Uibndqo.Vte Ft{h zh hfoinh tn mtzdun `oeduh` finatv ad Lim`nofdhnt. Udjiubd`d `thqd ad Ft{h"Lim`nofdhntvd ziu hsh hqq wd w`hnt` habonovquhqoz, fq o wd fd` fozo`. Vd d`heiudh{ fiat` fozo` o fiat` wdnh` adonvwouhod nhwi`dinohn. Vd hei`dqd dueoh o vd hw`of udjiubh hmuhu#ad i bhud obw`ofhod vifoh`/. Tnhaonqud fd`d bho finquizduvhqd udjiubd h`d `to Ft{h, wd `nm fdh hmuhu, finqdvqhq ad hadwoo ftudnqt`tofinvduzhqiu, dvqd vdft`huo{hudh hzduo`iu bnvqoudqo. Ndbt`tboq ad `dmov`hqoz, aibnt` ao{i`z Hatnhudh`h 81 bho 83:1. Fddh fd tubdh{ vd wihqd onqoqt`h audwq i aibnod htqiuoqhu. Wuibt`m i nitFinvqoqtod#Vqhqtq/, Vqhqtqt` Ad{zi`qqiu h` Finzdnodo ad `h Whuov, fhud udj`dfq ndbt`tboudh `to Ft{hjh ad hatnuo`d udwud{dnqhqozd, atfna hvqjd` `h i vteiuainhud h `dmov`hqozt`to. n fd`d aon tub udmobt`htqiuoqhu atfd `h ndbt`tboudh finvduzhqiuo`iu o `oeduh`o`iu uhaofh`o fhud vd mutwdh{ n binvqutihvhfih`ood. Wd ahqh ad 56 jdeuthuod 83:: Ft{h dvqd n`qtuhq ad `h wtqdud.n `onoo bhuo, aibnoh `to Ft{h h udwud{dnqhq tn whv bhkiu wdnqut Wuonfowhqd`d Tnoqd, i ad{uafonhud aonfi`hwvt` jhnhuoiq o i jhha nit h uo`iu Uibnd odoqd ad vte wuiqdfqiuhqt` utvdvf. Udjiubd`d hw`ofhqddatfhodo, vnqoo, vduzofoo`iu wte`ofd, quhnvjiubuo`d bhkiud n vqhuqtuo`d vifoh`d, qihqd hfdvqdh ht bwonvvqhqt` uibn vwud h`onodudh dtuiwdhn, vwud biaduno{hud, vwud bhqtuoqhqd.Atwadquinhudh `to H`dshnaut Oihn Ft{h whuqoad`d wi`oqofd vd iuodnqdh{, wdnqut hatfdudh wd quin, vwudwuonfowo vquono. Wuobhwuiwtndud h jivq jftq `to Jo`ow ad J`hnauh, hwio, atw udjt{t` hfdvqtoh, quint` hjivq ijduoq `to Fhui` ad Cicdn{i``dun.Hnt` 83:: dvqd hnt` zdnouoo wd quin h `to Fhui`. Aibnoh hfdvqtoh adetqdh{ wuon haiwqhudh tndo nioFinvqoqtoo ad fqud Whu`hbdnq, Finvqoqtod fhud wtnd eh{d`d binhucodo finvqoqtoinh`d n Uibnoh. @oboqh

wuduimhqozd`d aibnoqiut`to `h fd`d h`d tnto binhuc finvqoqtoinh`, fudh finaooo`d wdnqut h`dmdudh tntomtzdun udwud{dnqhqoz, vqowt`h udvwinvheo`oqhqdh bonoquo`iu wdnqut hfotno`d `iu o nqudh wuonfowot` vdwhuuoowtqduo`iu n vqhq. Hfdhvq Finvqoqtod hzdh v ubn n zomihud wn n 8?56.

n wuobh whuqd h aibnodo, Fhui` finvi`oadh{ onvqoqtoo`d vqhqt`to. n 83== Uibnoh onqu n u{eiobwiquozh Wiuoo, h`qtuo ad Utvoh. Ado quhqhqozd`d ft hut` wudzdadht ntbho hfiuahudh ad `oedu qudfdudhubhqd`iu utvdqo wd qduoqiuot` Uibnodo, hfdvqdh tubna v udvwdfqd `oeduqhqdh o onqdmuoqhqdh qduoqiuoh`,voqthoh ad `h vta ad Atnud vd nutqdqd wdnqut Utvoh. Audwq tubhud hubhqd`d uibnd vd h`qtu fd`iu

7/31/2019 Statul romn modern ntre anii

2/3

utvdqo vte fibhnah vtwudb h `to Fhui`. Uibnoh o ftfdudqd hvqjd` onadwdnadnh o utwd `dmqtuo`d advt{duhnoqhqd ft Wihuqh. n hnt` 8338 o vd hfiua qoq`t` ad udmd `to Fhui` O.Fdh ad h aith whuqdh aibnodo `to Fhui` O h jivq tnh jhziuheo` biaduno{uoo uoo. Vd onquiatfd uiqhqozhmtzdunhbdnqh` n hnt` 83?4, bvtu fhud zh hatfd vqheo`oqhqdh wi`oqof. Wd w`hn dsqdun, wudvqomot`Uibnodo fudqd, bho h`dv n tubh obw`ofuoo hfdvqdoh n u{eihod`d eh`fhnofd#8?85"8?86/, dsdufoqnat"o

hvqjd` ui`t` ad dfco`oeut. Fhui` O vdbndh{ n vdfudq quhqhqt` ft Htvqui"Tnmhuoh#8336/, ft hfdvq wuo`dkUibnoh hzna wivoeo`oqhqdh ad h vtvond fht{h Quhnvo`zhnodo wd `nm Ftuqdh ad `h Zodnh.T`qobd`d bvtuo`thqd ad Fhui` O ht jivq fd`d n `dmqtu ft hqoqtaondh Uibnodo jh ad o{etfnoudh u{eiot`to#8?81/,Finvo`ot` ad Fiuihn haiwqna ndtquh`oqhqdh.Tubht` `to Fhui` O, udmd`d Jduaonhna, h finqonthq bvtuo`d nhonqht`to vt wuozona biaduno{hudh oad{zi`qhudh vqhqt`to Uibn. Uibnoh vd finjutnq o ft i voqthod ad`ofhq, wuozona u{eiot` fhud adziuhDtuiwh. Duh ndzioq v jhf i h`dmdud. n Whuqoat` Finvduzhqiu v"ht jiubhq 1 mutwuo, ft iwonoo aojduoqd.Mutwhudh finatv ad Qoqt Bhoiudvft o H`dshnaut Bhumco`ibhn vd wuintnh wdnqut ndtquh`oqhqd o wdnqutbdnondudh etnd`iu ud`hoo ft Mdubhnoh o Htvqui"Tnmhuoh. Mutwhudh finatv ad Nofi`hd Jo`owdvftvtvondh onquhudh n u{eio bwiquozh Wtqduo`iu Fdnquh`d. Mutwhudh jiubhq n ktut` `to Qhld Oindvftvtvondh onquhudh n u{eio h`qtuo ad Hnqhnqh, ohu mutwhudh finatv ad Wdqud W. Fhuw vtvondh onquhudh nu{eio h`qtuo ad Wtqduo`d Fdnquh`d. Whuqoat` Nhoinh` @oeduh` v"h iuodnqhq wiquozoq wtnfqt`to ad zdadudvtvontq ad wuddaonqd`d whuqoat`to Oind` Euqohnt, h futo oaddfdnquh` duh `dmhq ad nqudmoudh nhoinh`.@h 81 htmtvq, 8?8: Uibnoh adf`huh u{eio Htvqui"Tnmhuodo. Ft {dfd {o`d nhonqd Oin O.F. Euqohntvdbnh finzdnoo`d wi`oqofd o bo`oqhud fhud vqheo`dht finaooo`d onquuoo Uibnodo n u{eio, ad whuqdhHnqhnqdo. Atw 5 hno ad u{eio, ft ntbduihvd ud{ovqdnd duiofd, ft ntbduihvd woduaduo o ft udzi`tohei`dzof ad `h 8?8= fhud nvdbnh odoudh Utvodo#fd` bho obwiuqhnq h`ohq aon dvqt` Dtuiwdo, vonmtut` fcohu(/aon u{eio tn hn bho qu{ot, wuon vdbnhudh wfoo ad `h Eudvq"@oqizvl, voqthoh hubhqd`iu uibnd duhfuoqof,joona `owvoq ad vwuokon bo`oqhu#atw fd iwuovd ijdnvozh mdubhn wuon `twqd`d naukoqd ad `h Buqo,Budqo o Ioqt{/. Dzdnobdnqd`d ad wd juinqt` ad zdvq ht vfcobehq vihuqh Uibnodo. H`ohoo ht {aunofoqijdnvozh mdubhn jonh` aon ot`od 8?83, ohu n niuat` Oqh`odo ht udvwonv hubhqd`d htvqui"tnmhud o ht ie`omhq

Htvqui"Tnmhuoh v nfcdod tn hubovqoot. @h 8 adfdbeuod, 8?83 udmd`d Jduaonhna onquh n jutnqdh hubhqdo nEtftudqo.Wuonqu"tn u{eio ad 5 hno, ft obdnvd vhfuojofoo ibdndqo, Uibnoh udtdh v o bw`ondhvf oadh`t`nhoinh`; BHUDH TNOUD. @h 8 adfdbeuod 8?83 v"ht wtv eh{d`d vqhqt`to nhoinh` tnoqhu uibn, wuontnoudh wuizonfoo`iu uibndqo hj`hqd vte aibonhod vquon. @h 5= bhuqod 8?83, Vjhqt` uoo ziqh tnoudhEhvhuheodo ft Uibnoh. @h 55 hwuo`od udmd`d Jduaonhna vdbnh adfudqt` ad wuibt`mhud h Hfqt`to TnouooEhvhuheodo ft Uibnoh. @h 53 niodbeuod 8?83 ht nfdwtq `tfuuo`d Finmudvt`to Mdnduh` h` Etfizondo.Wuddaonqd`d Finmudvt`to, Ohnft J`inaiu h ahq foqoud Biotnoo wuon fhud vd ciquhTnoudh ndfinaooinhq o

wdnqut zdfod h Etfizondo, n zdfco`d do ciqhud, ft Udmhqt` Uibnodo.. n Quhnvo`zhnoh, Hatnhudh ad `h8 adfdbeuod 8?83 h jivq advfcov ad fqud Mcdiumcd Wiw ad Evdqo, ohu Ud{i`toh Tnouoo h jivq

wud{dnqhq ad Zhvo`d Mi`ao.Udjiubd`d aon hnoo 8?8="8?56ht vfcobehq n fcow uhaofh` zdfco`d vqutfqtuo vifoh`d o wi`oqofd,ana nhqdud tndo Uibnoo nio. n 8?8= udmd`d Jduaonhna h vdbnhq adfudqt` wuozona udjiubhhmuhu o wd fd` udjduoqiu `h hei`oudh vovqdbt`to d`dfqiuh` fdn{oqhu o onquiatfdudh ziqt`to tnozduvh`.

H`dshnaut B. Vqiohn,F`hvh h SOO"h A

7/31/2019 Statul romn modern ntre anii

3/3