lectia 6 verbul notiuni introductive

7/23/2019 Lectia 6 Verbul Notiuni Introductive

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Lecia 6 Verbul Notiuni introductive.

Verbul exprima ideea existentei sau a actiunii intr-o propozitie.

Ex.:I ama student.

The studentspassedall their courses.

6.1. Cele 4 forme verbale

Terminatiile formelor din limba engleza sunt foarte usor de tinut minte. Exista 4 forme verbale

de baza. Limba engleza formeaza timpurile verbale cu ajutorul verbelor auxiliare, spre

deosebire de limba romana, unde timpurile verbale se formeaza cu ajutorul desinentelor. e

remarcat ca in limba engleza nu exista o forma verbala speciala pentru viitor.

!ele 4 forme verbale de baza sunt importante deoarece cu aceste forme si cu ajutorul verbelor

auxiliare se formeaza timpurile in limba engleza:

Numele

verbului

Forma de

baza

Forma de

trecut

Participiul

prezent

Participiul

trecut

to work" can or!.

" or!." or!ed. " am or!in".

" #ave

or!ed.

to write" can rite.

" rite." rote. " am ritin".

" #ave

ritten.

Cele mai frecvent folosite verbe nere"ulate

$rmatorul tabel reproducele cele mai frecvente verbe neregulate in patru forme verbale

reprezentative:

%orma de baza, adica infinitivul: to fly

&ersoana """ singular a timpului prezent: he flies

&ersoana """ singular a trecutului: he flew

&articipiul trecut: he has flown

#ase FormPresent $%ird

PersonPast Past Participle

arise

bebear

begin

bite

blo'

brea(

bring

bu)

catc#

c#oose

come

creep

dive

arises

isbears

begins

bites

blo's

brea(s

brings

bu)s

catc#es

c#ooses

comes

creeps

dives

arose

'as*'erebore

began

bit

ble'

bro(e

broug#t

boug#t

caug#t

c#ose

came

crept

dived*dove

arisen

beenborne

begun

bitten*bit

blo'n

bro(en

broug#t

boug#t

caug#t

c#osen

come

crept

dived


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do

drag

dra'

dream

drin(

drive

dro'neat

fall

fig#t

fl)

forget

forgive

freeze

get

give

go

gro'

#ang

#ide

(no'

la)

lead

lie

lig#t

lose

prove

ridering

rise

run

see

see(

set

s#a(e

sing

sin(

sit

spea(spring

steal

sting

stri(e

s'ear

s'im

s'ing

ta(e

tear

t#ro'

uses'a(e

'ear

does

drags

dra's

dreams

drin(s

drives

dro'nseats

falls

fig#ts

flies

forgets

forgives

freezes

gets

gives

goes

gro's

#angs

#ides

(no's

la)s

leads

lies

lig#ts

loses

proves

ridesrings

rises

runs

sees

see(s

sets

s#a(es

sings

sin(s

sits

spea(ssprings

steals

stings

stri(es

s'ears

s'ims

s'ings

ta(es

tears

t#ro's

used'a(es

'ears

did

dragged

dre'

dreamed*dreamt

dran(

drove

dro'nedate

fell

foug#t

fle'

forgot

forgave

froze

got

gave

'ent

gre'

#ung

#id

(ne'

laid

led

la)

lit

lost

proved

roderang

rose

ran

sa'

soug#t

set

s#oo(

sang

san(

sat

spo(esprang

stole

stung

struc(

s'ore

s'am

s'ung

too(

tore

t#re'

used'o(e*'a(ed

'ore

done

dragged

dra'n

dreamt

drun(

driven

dro'nedeaten

fallen

foug#t

flo'n

forgotten

forgiven

frozen

got*gotten

given

gone

gro'n

#ung

#idden

(no'n

laid

led

lain

lit

lost

proved*proven

riddenrung

risen

run

seen

soug#t

set

s#a(en

sung

sun(

sat

spo(ensprung

stolen

stung

struc(

s'orn

s'um

s'ung

ta(en

torn

t#ro'n

used'o(en*'a(ed*'o(e

'orn


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'rite 'rites 'rote 'ritten

6.&. Verbele auxiliare ' be, have, do

Verbele auxiliare be, have, dose utilizeaza in formarea timpurilor verbale, a formelor negative

si interogative.Ex.:He is planning to get married soon.

I haven't seen Peter since last night.

Be, ca auxiliar, este folosit pentru a forma aspectul continuu, in combinatie cu participiul

prezent.

Ex.:He isliving in Germany.

Be, +mpreuna cu participiul trecut formeaza diateza pasiva

Ex.: These cars are made in Japan.

Havein combinatie cu participiul trecut formeaza timpurile perfecte.Ex.:I have changed my mind.

I wish you had met Guy.

&rezentul perfect continuu, trecutul perfect continuu sunt formate cu ambele auxiliare besi

have:

Ex.:He has been woring very hard recently.

!he did not now how long she had been lying there.

Besi havese folosesc de asemenea ca auxiliare pentru a forma propozitii negative si

interogative cu timpurile continue si perfecte.

Ex.:He isn't going. Hasn't she seen it yet"

uxiliarul dose foloseste pentru a forma negativul si interogativul prezentului sau trecutului

simplu.

Ex.:He doesn't thin he can come to the party.

#o you lie her new haircut"

uxiliarul dose poate folosi cu verbe principale: do, have.

Ex.:He didn't do his homewor.

He doesn't have any money.

"n propozitii afirmative, dose foloseste doar pentru evidentiere sau contrast.

Ex.: " do feel sorr) for oger.

u se foloseste niciodata auxiliarul docu verbul to be.

/ingura exceptie este imperativul:

#on't be stupid$

#o be a god boy and sit still$

6.(. )odul


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)odul verbalse refera la una dintre cele trei atitudini pe care le poate avea un vorbitor fata de

continutul mesajului exprimat.

)odul indicativ, prezent in majoritatea frazelor de pe aceasta pagina, se foloseste pentru a face

o afirmatie sau a pune o intrebare.

)odul imperativse foloseste pentru a da instructiuni, ordine, directive, sugestii cu caracterpronuntat.

Ex.: Get your homewor done before you watch television tonight.

Please include cash payment with your order form. Get out of town$

/e observa ca nu exista nici un subiect in aceste propozitii. &ronumele you0singular sau plural1

este subiectul implicit al propozitiilor imperative. 2ajoritatea propozitiilor imperative vor avea

deci subiectul la persoana "".

Exceptie: constructie imperativa care include un subiect la persoana "

Ex.:%et's &or %et us wor on these things together.

)odul sub*onctivse foloseste in propozitiile subordonate in urmatoarele scopuri:

3. expresia unei dorinte

5. fraze conditionale care incep cu ifsi exprima o conditie ireala

6. fraze introduse prin as ifsau as thoughsi descriu speculatii sau conditii ireale

4. fraze introduse prin thatsi care exprima cereri, sugestii, solicitari.

Ex.: !he wishes her boyfriend were here.

If Juan were more aggressive, he'd be a better hocey player.

(e would have passed if we had studied harder.

He acted as if he were guilty.

I re)uested that he be present at the hearing.

/ubjonctivul nu este un mod important in limba engleza cum este in alte limbi, de exemplu in

franceza sau spaniola. "n multe situatii care in alte limbi cer subjonctivul, in limba engleza sunt

folosite formele numeroaselor verbe auxiliarele.

6.4. Verbele frazale

7 alta particularitate a limbii engleze o reprezinta verbele frazale. Verbele frazale sunt formate

dintr-un verb si un alt cuvant, de obicei o prepozitie. Ele au luat nastere in vorbirea de zi cu zi.

Verbele frazale au sensuri mai greu de g#icit la prima vedere si pot avea mai multe astfel de

intelesuri, de multe ori diferite. Te exemplu, to come outare 38 intelesuri diferite9

Verbele pot fi combinate cu propozitii sau alte cuvinte pentru a obtine noi entitati.

Ex.:stand out, stand up, stand in, stand off, stand by, stand fast, stand pat, stand down, stand

against, stand for.

2ai mult, verbul si prepozitia sa par a nu avea nici o legatura in contextul respectiv

Ex.:*ill this out$ *ill out this form.0a completa un formular1

Three mased gunmen held up the !ecurity +an this afternoon.0a jefui1

ou left out the part about the police chase down -sylum -venue.0a omite1 The lawyers looed over the papers carefully before )uestioning the witness.0a examina1


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7 lista sumara a celor mai folosite verbe frazale, insotite de o scurta explicatie si un exemplu,

poate fi gasita la: #ttp:**'ebster.commnet.edu*grammar*p#rasals.#tm.

1. Completeaza cu besau havela formele verbale potrivite+!wans large birds / almost 0 feet tall. They log necs. !ome

swans very tame. They often come near people for food. *emales

usually about si1 babies which are called cygnets. 2ygnets

grey in colour and very small wings but when they are fully grown they large

and strong wings and white in colour. !wans can live to be 03.

&. Completeaza verbele frazale in propozitiile de mai *os+hung up, came to, catch on, eat out, put on, tal over, get by, turned down, find out,

show up

He tried to his 4acet before his tie was tied.

5y family was able to on very little money when I was young.

The detective vowed to who the murderer was before the case went to trial.

(henever we get tired of cooing, we at our favorite Italian restaurant.

2arlos on his sister because he was so tired of listening to her whining on the

phone.

Tashonda was astonished that she was for the counselor's position.

The committee promised that the celebrity would at the big event.

(hen he , his wallet and bie were nowhere to be found.

Professor *arbman promised to the e1am after she returned the results.

Terri was able to to the most comple1 problems in calculus before anyone else.
http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/phrasals.htmhttp://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/phrasals.htm

lectia 6 verbul notiuni introductive

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