131396724 verbul in limba engleza

8/13/2019 131396724 Verbul in Limba Engleza

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Past tense simple

Past Tense, aspectul simplu, desemneaz un eveniment definit care a avut loc pe axa trecutului (evenimentul este amintit n momentul prezent).

Verbe regulate

Marca timpului Past Tense simplu este, laverbele regulateED

Particulariti ortografice ale terminaieiED

a) consoana final a formei de infinitiv sedubleaz cnd vocala care o precede estescurt i accentuat

b) verbele terminate n -Yprecedat deconsoan l schimb n -I

c) verbele terminate n -Eadaug doar -D

i) Consoana final se dubleaz la ctevaverbe, dei silaba final nu este accentuatii) La verbe terminate n -IC, se dubleaz

n CKiii) Verbele terminate n -Ldubleazaceast consoan, indiferent de accent

We listenedto the concert last night. (Amascultat concertul asear).

study - studied move - moved

Verbe neregulate(categorii)

1.burn-burnt-burntlearn-learnt-learntlend-lent-lentspend-spent-spent

2. creep-crept-creptleave-left-leftbuy-bought-boughtcatch-caught-caught

3. cast-cast-casthit-hit-hitshut-shut-shutwet-wet-wet

4. meet-met-methang-hung-hungwin-won-wonsit-sat-sat

5. mow-mowed-mown/mowedsow-sowed-sown/sowedswell-swelled-swollen/swelled

6. wear-wore-worngrow-grew-growngive-gave-givenwrite-wrote-written

7. begin-began-begunsing-sang-sungcome-came-comego-went-gone

arise arose arisen a se ridica pay paid paid a plati

(a)wake(n) (a)woke (a)woken a se trezi put put put a punebe was been a fi read read read a citibear bore borne a purta rid rid rid a scpa de, a se descotorosibeat beat beaten a bate ride rode ridden a calari

become became became a deveni ring rang rung a suna

begin began begun a incepe rise rose risen a rasari, a se ridica

bend bent bent a se ndoi run ran run a fugibid bid bid a ruga, a porunci saw sawed sawn a taia cu fierastraul

bind bound bound a lega say said said a pune


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bite bit bitten a musca see sawed seen a vedea

bleed bled bled a sangera seek sought sought a cauta

blow blew blown a sufla,a bate sell sold sold a vinde

break broke broken a sparge send sent sent a trimite

breed bred bred a creste,a educa set set set a pune

bring brought brought a aduce sew sewed sewn\sewed a coase

build built built a construi shake shook shaken a scutura, a tremuraburn burnt burnt a arde shear sheared shorn\sheared a tunde oiburst burst burst a izbucni, a nvli, a crpa shed shed shed a vrsa (lacrimi, snge)

buy bought bought a cumpara shine shone shone a straluci

cast cast cast a arunca shoe shod shod a potcovi

catch caught caught a prinde shoot shot shot a impusca

choose chose chosen a alege show showed shown a arata

cling clung clung a se agata shrink shrank shrunka se micsora, a se strange, a

se scoroji

come came come a ven shut shut shut a inchide

cost cost cost a costa sing sang sung a canta

creep crept crept a se tr, a se furia sink sank sunk a (se) scufunda

cut cut cut a se taia sit sat sat a sta, a sedea

deal dealt dealt a trata, a se ocupa de slay slew slain a ucidedig dug dug a sapa sleep slept slept a dormi

do did done a face sling slung slung a arunca

draw drew drawn a desena, a trage slit slit slit a (se) crapa

dream dreamt dreamt a visa smell smelt smelt a mirosi

drink drank drunk a bea sow sowed sown a semana

drive drove driven a conduce o masina speak spoke spoken a vorbi

dwell dwelt dwelt a locui speed sped sped a grabi, a acceleraeat ate eaten a manca spell spelt spelt a ortografia

fall fell fallen a cadea spend spent spent a cheltui, a petrece

feed fed fed a hrani spill spilt spilt a varsa

feel felt felt a (se) simti spin spun spun a toarce

fight fought fought a (se) lupta spit spat spat a scuipa

find found found a gasi split split split a despica

flee flung flung a fugi, a se refugia spoil spoilt spoilt a rasfata

fling flung flung a arunca spread spread spread a (se) intinde

fly flew flown a zbura spring sprang sprung a izvori, a sari


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forbid forbad forbidden a interzice stand stood stood a sta in picioare

forget forgot forgotten a uita steal stole stolen a fura

forgive forgave forgiven a ierta stick stuck stuck a lipi

freeze froze frozen a ingheta sting stung stung a intepa

get got got a primi, a obine stink stunk stunk a mirosi urat

give gave given a da stew strewed strewn a presara

go went gone a merge stride strode strode a mergecu pasi mari

grind ground ground a macina strike struck struck a lovi

grow grew grown a creste string strung strung a insira pe o ata

hang hung hung a atarna strive strove striven a nazui

have had had a avea sweat sweat sweat a transpira

hear heard heard a auzi swear swore sworn a jura, a injura

hide hid hidden a ascunde sweep swept swept a matura

hit hit hit a lovi swell swelled swollen a se umfla

hold held held a tine swim swam swum a inota

hurt hurt hurt a lovi, a rni, a durea swing swang swung a legana

keep kept kept a tine,a pastre take took taken a lua

kneel knelt knelt a inghenunchia teach taught taught a invata,a preda

knit knit knit a tricota tear tore torn a rupe,a sfasia

know knew known a sti,a cunoaste tell told told a spune, a povesti

lay laid laid a pune, a aseza think thought thought a (se) gandi

lead led led a conduce thrive throve thriven a prospera

lean leant leant a se apleca, a se sprijini throw throve thriven a arunca

leap leapt leapt a sari thrust thrust thrust a infige

learn learnt learnt a invata thread trod trodden a calca

leave left left a pleca, a lasa understand understood understood a intelege

lend lent lent a imprumuta wear wore worn a purta

let let let a lasa, a permite weave wove woven a tese

light lit lit a aprinde wed wed wed a (se) cununa

lie lay lain a zacea, a se afla weep wept wept a plange

lose lost lost a pierde wet wet wet a uda

make made made a face win won won a castiga

mean meant meant a insemna wind wound wound a rasuci

mow mowed mown a cosi wring wrung wrung a stoarce

write wrote written a scrie


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2) In propoziii subordonate prin:a) Prezent, n vorbirea indirect (dup un verb trecut):

Ex. He told me he was ill.

b) Viitor, n propoziiile temporale, cnd verbul din principal este la un timp trecutEx. He said he would bring me the book when he came to me place. Mi-a spus c-mi va aduce cartea cnd m va vizita.


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vorbire. temporal introdus de since poate fiexprimat:i) printr-un verb la Past Tense, cnd sespecific momentul iniial al perioadeiii) printr-un verb la Present Perfect, cndcele dou aciuni sunt paralele.

(vezi ntrebuinrile 1,2,4,6) i nu la unacare continui n momentul vorbirii:

- cea ncheiat, petrecut n trecut ntr-unmoment de timp nedefinit, decinespecificat - prinperfectul compus

He has been here for half an hour.He has lived in Bucharest ten years. He has studied English since thebeginning of the school year.i) Ive lived in Bucharest since my parentscame to live here. I last met you.ii) It hasnt stopped raining since Ive beenin this town. I have never come across myfriends since Ive stayed in this hotel.

He has lived in Bucharest (some time inhis life; he may live there again, but he isnot living there now).He has studied English (some time in thepast, so the knows it, but he is notstudying it now).

He has stayed in this hotel. A stat n acesthotel.He has stayed in this hotel for a week. Stn acest hotel de o sptmn.

6) Present Perfect poate exprima o aciune caracteristic, repetat n trecut,prezent i poate i n viitor.

Aceast ntrebuinare este marcat de adverbe de frecven ca: often(adesea),always(totdeauna), never(niciodat), sometimes(uneori) etc.:

7) n propoziii subordonate temporale sau condiionale, Present Perfect estefolosit pentru a reda o aciune anterioar aciunii din propoziia principal, cnd

aceasta este exprimat printr-un verb la imperativ, indicativ prezent sau viitor.He has performed in public. (A interpretat n public.)He has often performed in public. (A interpretat deseori n public.)

Ring me up when you have finished. (Telefoneaz-mi cnd ai terminat.)He will help me if he has finished his own work. (M va ajuta dac-i va fi terminattreaba lui)


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Participiul trecut se traduce de obicei n limba romn printr-un participiu sau printr-o propoziie subordonat:Ex. He looked at the clerk bent over the papers. Privi la funcionarul aplecat peste hrtii.

The preparations for the birthda part completed I ent o t to b a birthda cook D p ce am terminat pregtirile pentr ani ersare am ieit s c mpr n tort


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The preparations for the birthday party completed, I went out to buy a birthday cook. Dup ce am terminat pregtirile pentru aniversare, am ieit s cumpr un tort

Conjugarea verbului CALL

Timpul Diateza activ Diateza pasiv

Aspectul simplu Aspectul continuu Aspectul simplu Aspectul continuu

Indicativul prezent I call I am calling I am called I am being called

Perfectul prezent I have called I have been calling I have been called -

Past Tense I called I was calling I was called I was being called

Mai mult ca perfect I had called I had been calling I had been called -

Viitorul apropiat I am going to call I am going to be calling I am going to be called -Viitorul simplu I shall/will call I shall/ will be calling I shall/will be called -

Viitorul perfectI shall/ will havecalled

I shall/will have been calling I shall/will have been called -

SubjonctivulI call I shouldcall etc.

I be calling I should becalling etc.

I be called I should be calledetc.

-

Condiionalul prezentI should/ wouldcall

I should/would be calling I should/would be called. -

Condiionalultrecut

I should/would have called

I should/wouldhave been calling

I should/wouldhave been called

-

ImperativulLet me call!Call !

Let me be calling!Be calling !

Let me be called!Be called !

-

Infinitivul prezent call be calling be called -

Infinitivul perfect have called have been calling have been called -

Participiul prezent iGerund calling - being called -Participiul i Gerund-ulperfect

having called - having been called -

Participiul trecut called - called -

Verbele auxiliare (Auxiliary Verbs)


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Verbele auxiliare au urmtoarele caracterisitici:1) sunt golite de sens lexical: I shall leave after he comes. Voi pleca dup ce vine el.

Not: Unele verbe auxiliare (will/would, shall/should, may/might) pot fi folosite i ca verbe modale:Ex. You should see this film. Trebuie s vezi filmul acesta.

Alte verbe auxiliare pot fi folosite i ca verbe noionale, avnd un sens lexical propriu n anumite contexte:Ex. I have a book. Am o carte. Do this translation, please, will you. F te rog aceast traducere.

2) ndeplinesc funcia de marca categoriilor gramaticale de diatez, mod, timp, persoani numr la verbele pe care le nsoesc:Ex. She was offered flowers. I s-au oferit flori.

3)nlocuiesc verbele noionalen rspunsurile scurte i ntrebrile disjunctive (la fel ca i verbele modale):Ex. A: Do you like this book ? B: Yes, I do.

He has written a good composition, hasnt he ?

4) din punct de vedere al pronunrii i ortografiei, verbele auxiliare apar adesea sub forme reduse, contrase, ele fiind de obicei neaccentuate n vorbire. Folosirea formelor contraseeste caracteristic vorbirii curente i exprimrii familiare n scris.Not:Unele forme contrase sunt caracteristice exprimrii dialectale sau vorbirii necultivate.Ex. He aint no fool (= He is no fool) El nu e prost deloc.Ele apar ca forme incorecte din punct de vedre gramatical n raport cu limba standard.

Forme contraseconstau n scrutarea verbelor auxiliare la forma afirmativ i a negaiei notla forma negativ:Ex. Ive got a book.

I havent got a book.O form contras poate avea mai multe valori:Ex. Hes come = He has come.

Hes here = He is here.Formele contrase ale verbelor auxiliare i modale (la afirmativ i la negativ cu adverbul not contras) sunt urmtoarele:

Forma contras n loc de Forma contras n loc de

ve(Ive, youve etc.) have havent have nots(hes etc.) is hadnt had not

d 1) had isnt is not2) should arent are not3) would wasnt was not

m(Im) am werent were notre(youre etc.) are shant shall notll(Ill, youll etc.) shall, will shouldnt should notdont do not wont will notdoesnt does not wouldnt would notdidnt did not darent dare not

cant can not neednt need notcouldnt could not lets let usmustnt must not lemme aint let me, am not

Atenie!Formele contrase ale verbelor auxiliare la afirmativ nu pot fi folosite:a) n rspunsurile scurte: Has he got a new bicycle ? Yes he has


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a) n rspunsurile scurte: Has he got a new bicycle ? Yes, he has.b) n propoziii interogative: Shall we go to cinema ? Where did he go?c) n partea final a ntrebrilor disjunctivale: He wasnt there, was he?d) cnd sunt accentuate, pentru subliniere: He was at the conference. I did see him there.

BE, was/were, been (a fi).Verbul BE (Past Tense: was, were, / Participiul trecut: been) apare n structura:

Aspectului continuu (be + participiul prezent) Diateza pasiva (be + participiul trecut):Diateza activ Diateza pasiv

Infinitive be reading be readPresent: He is reading It is being read. It is readPast: He was reading It was being read. It was read

Future: He will be reading It will be read.Conditional He would be reading It would be readInfinitive Perfect Have been reading have been readPresent Perfect He had been reading It has been readPast Perfect It had been readFuture Perfect He will have been reading It will have been readConditional Perfect He would have been reading. It would have been read.Gerund: being readPerfect Gerund having been read

Have, had, had (a avea)

Verbul HAVE ( Past Tense: had / Participiul trecut: had), apare, att la diateza activ, ct i la cea pasiv, n structura formelor perfecte:

Aspectului simplu (have + participiul prezent)Diateza activ Diateza pasiv

Infinitive Perfect Have read Have been readPresent Perfect He has read It has been read

Past Perfect He had read It had been readFuture Perfect He will have read It will have been readConditional Perfect We would have read It would have been readPerfect Gerund Having read Having been read

Shall, should

Shall Should apare: La ambele diateze n structura timpurilor viitoare modul indicativ i ale timpurilor modului condiional la persoana I singular i plural; la toate persoanele


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Shall, Shouldapare: La ambele diateze, n structura timpurilor viitoare, modul indicativ i ale timpurilor modului condiional, la persoana I singular i plural; la toate persoanele,pentru formarea subjonctivului analitic.

Diateza activ Diateza pasiv Subjonctivului analiticFuture I shall give I shall be given

Future Perfect I shall have given I shall have been givenConditional I should give I should be given Its strange that they should be here nowConditional Perfect I should have given I should have been given Its strange that they should have been here.Future in the Past I said I should do it

Will, would

Will, wouldintr n componena acelorai forme verbale ca i shall, should(viitor i condiional), la persoanele a II-a i a III-a singular i plural, iar n vorbire, i la persoana Isingular i plural:

Diateza activ Diateza pasivFuture He will give He will be givenFuture Perfect He will have given He will have been givenConditional He would give He would be givenConditional Perfect He would have given He would have been givenFuture in the Past He said be would do it

May, might

May, might apare n structura subjonctivului analitic, folosit mai ales n propoziiile circumstaniale de scop:Ex. Hurry up, so that we may arrive in time. Grbete-te ca s ajungem la timp.

They hurried so that they might arrive in time. S-au grbit ca s ajung la timp.

Letapare n structura imperativului, persoana I i a III-a singular i plural:

Ex. Let me think ! Let us think !Let him think ! Let them think !

Do, does

a) Do, does ( Past Tense did), intr n alctuirea formei interogative i negative a verbelor noionale la timpul Present Simple, respectiv Past Tense Simple:Ex. Do you live in this town? Locuieti n acest ora?

Does he work here? Lucreaz aici?Did he attend this school? A urmat aceast coal?

I dont like it. He doesnt understand. They didnt go.


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He demanded we should come the next day. A cerut s venim a doua zi.

- la unele forme care le lipsesc, verbele modale sunt nlocuite de perifraze modale, de anumite construcii cu sens modal (Modal Equivalents):


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can - be able to;must - have to;may - be allowed to/permitted to

Ex. Present: You may go now. Poi / Ai voie s pleci acum.Past Tense: He was allowed go to. I s-a permis / dat voie s plece.Past Perfect: He had been allowed to go out and play before they left. I se permisese s ias afar s se joace nainte ca ei s plece.

b) nu primesc Sla persoana a III-a singular (cu excepia lui be to i have to):Ex. He must see this play. Trebuie s vad aceast pies.

c) formeaz interogativul i negativul fr ajutorul auxiliarului do/did (cu excepia lui have to):Ex. Must you do this? Trebuie s faci asta?

She cannot swim. Nu tie s noate.Do you have to type that report ? Trebuie s dactilografiezi raportul?

d) sunt urmate de infinitivul scurtal verbelor noionale (cu excepia lui be to, have to, ought to):Ex. She can cook. tie s gteasc.

He has to get up early every day. Trebuie s se scoale devreme n fiecare zi.

Cnd sunt urmate de infinitivul prezent, verbele modale se refer la o aciune prezent sau viitoare:Ex. He might be there now. S-ar putea ca el s fie acolo acum.

She might come later. Ea s-ar putea s vin mai trziu.

Cnd sunt urmate de infinitivul perfect, aciunea exprimat de verbul noional are un caracter trecut, de anterioritate:Ex. He might have been here before we arrived. S-ar putea s fi fost aici nainte s sosim noi.

e) pe plan sintactic, verbele modale defective alctuiesc un predicat verbal compus mpreun cu un alt verb la infinitiv:Ex. You can buy a TV-set in instalments. Poi s cumperi un televizor n rate.

n cadrul predicatului verbal compus, verbele modale ndeplinesc o funcie dubl:. funcia gramatical de marc a timpului:

Ex. He can skate now. tie s patineze acum.He could skate when he was a child. tia s patineze cnd era copil.

. funcia lexical de exprimare a modalitii:Ex. She can type. tie s bat la main.

You neednt type this. Nu este nevoie s bai asta la main.

CAN / COULD

Caneste folosit pentru toate persoanele la indicativ prezent.

Couldeste folosit pentru toate persoanele la Past Tense i subjonctiv-condiional.Can/could poate exprima:1) capacitatea (fizic sau intelectual) de efectuare a unei aciuni:


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MAY/MIGHT

Mayeste folosit la toate persoanele cu valoare de indicativ prezent i viitor.


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y p p Mighteste folosit pentru toate persoanele cu valoare de condiional i subjonctiv.Mighteste ntrebuinat cu valoare de Past Tense doar n vorbirea indirectEx. It may rain later

He said it might rain later.

Mayeste folosit:1) pentru a cere sau a acorda permisiunea (mai oficial dect can):Ex. May I go? Pot s plec?

You may go. Poi s pleci.

Forma negativ de neacordare a permisiunii de may not, rar maynt:Ex. A: May I go out? B: No, you may not.

Must not (musnt)este folosit pentru a exprima interdicia, mai ales n regulamente, instruciuni:Ex. You mustnt walk on the grass. Nu clcai pe iarb.

Echivalentul modal pentru exprimarea permisiunii este be allowed to / be permitted to:Ex. He was allowed to go. I s-a permis/I s-a dat voie s plece.

He was permitted to go. I s-a permis/I s-a dat voie s plece.

2) May/mightpoate exprima o cerere, o rugminte politicoas (may este mai politicos i oficial dect can/could). Folosirea lui mightn acest sens indic un grad de nesiguran maimare dect may (cu privire la rspuns).Ex. May I use your phone? mi dai voie s dau telefon?

Might I use your phone? A putea s dau un telefon?

3) May/might + infinitivul prezentexprim o posibilitate prezent sau viitoare (n sau dup momentul vorbirii):Ex. He may come today. Se poate s vin azi.

He might come tomorrow. S-ar putea s vin mine.

Might este folosit:a) pentru a exprima o posibilitate mai ndeprtat (s-ar putea...)

b) dup un verb trecut, n vorbirea indirect:

Ex. He said he might come.c) n fraze coninnd subordonate condiionale:Ex. If you shouted, he might hear you. Dac ai striga, s-ar putea s te aud.La forma interogativi negativ, mayexprimnd posibilitatea este nlocuit de construciile do you think + prezent / viitor sau be likely + infinitiv:Ex. Do you think hell come today? Crezi c o s vin astzi?

Is he likely to come today? Crezi c o s vin astzi?

May/might + infinitivul perfecteste folosit pentru a exprima o speculaie despre o aciune trecut:Ex. He may have arrived. Se poate s fi sosit.

He might have arrived. S-ar putea s fi sosit.

4) Might mai este folosit:


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Not:n propoziiile interogative, folosirea lui needn locul luimustarat v vorbitorul se ateapt la un rspuns negativ:Ex. A: Need I wash the dishes ? (I hope not.)


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Atenie ! Need i neednt sunt urmate de infinitivul scurt. Celelalte forme sunt urmate de infinitivul lung:Ex. You neednt have bought two loaves of bread. Ive bought a loaf myself.

Not: Need poate fi folosit i ca verb principal, nsemnnd nevoia:Ex. He needs help. Are nevoie de ajutor.

Did she need the dictionary ? A avut nevoie de dicionar ?

2) Must poate exprima i deducia logic:Ex. She must be at home. She left an hour ago.

Deducia negativ se exprim cu ajutorul lui cannot/cant + infinitivulprezent al verbului to be:Ex. She left ten minutes ago, she cant be at home now.

Must + infinitivulperfect exprim o deducie logic (n prezent) despre o aciune trecut:Ex. Shes got a ten in her term paper. She must have worked very hard.

Deducie logic negativ se exprim cu ajutorul lui cant/couldnt + infinitivul perfect:Ex. She cant have baked this pie. She cant cook.

She couldnt have baked this pie. She cant cook.

n vorbirea indirect se folosete must sau have to dup caz, dup un verb declarativ la un timp trecut:Ex. She said she would have to leave early in the morning (obligaie).

We thought she must be ill. Am crezut c este bolnav (deducie logic).

SHALL/SHOULD

Shalleste folosit:1) pentru a exprima obligaie, n stil oficial - acte, regulamente, etc. la persoana a II-a i a III-a:Ex. The seller shall supply the spare parts in due time. Vnztorul va furniza piesele de schimb n timp util. Vnztorul este obligat s furnizeze piesele de schimb n timp util.

2) Shall este folosit n propoziii interogative, la persoana I singular sau plural:a) pentru a cere un sfat, o sugestie, un ordin:Ex. Where shall we put the flowers? Unde s punem florile?

Shall we go to the cinema tonight? (Ce spui), mergem la cinema disear?What shall I do? Ce trebuie s fac?

b) pentru a face o ofert:Ex. Shall I help you? S te ajut?

Shouldeste folosit pentru a exprima:

1) obligaia, necesitatea logicde nfptuire a unei aciuni, de obicei sub form de sfat de ctre vorbitor:Ex. The book is very interesting. You should read it. Cartea e foarte interesant. Ar trebui s-o citeti.

He shouldnt tell lies. N-ar trebui s mint.


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5) o cerere sau rugminte(pe un ton politicos, dar mai autoritar dect would):Ex. Will you sign the register ? V rog s semnai n registru.


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6) o intenie spontan, nepremeditat, n momentul vorbirii la persoana I (de obicei contras n ll):Ex. A: Im thirsty. B: Ill fetch you a glass of water. A: Mi-e sete. B: S-i aduc un pahar cu ap.

Willdevine wouldsau infinitiv n vorbirea indirect, n funcie se sens:Wouldeste folosit:1) pentru a exprima o cerere, o rugminte politicoas:Ex. Would you do me favour? Vrei s-mi facei un serviciu?

Would you do me a favour? V rog s-mi facei un serviciu?

Not: Would likeeste de obicei folosit n locul lui want, fiind o form de exprimare mai politicoasEx: I would like to talk to the manager. I want to talk to the manager. A dori s vorbesc cu directorul.

Would you like to talk to him now? Dorii sa vorbiti cu el acum?

2) Ca forma de Past Tense a lui will, woud este folosit pentru a exprima:a) intenia(n vorbire indirect):Ex. I said, I will help her. I said I would help her.

b) intenia negativ(refuzul):Ex. Present: He wont help me. Nu vrea s m ajute.

Past tense: He wouldnt help me. Nu voia s m ajute.

c) insistena, hotrrea de a efectua o aciune n trecut:

Ex. He would keep silent for hours, no metter what arguments I used.

d) o activitate repetat, un obicei n trecut (would frecventativ):Ex. She would wait for me in front of the school gates.

3) Would este folosit i pentru a exprima probabilitatea:Ex. That would be their car. Probabil c aceea este maina lor. (Aceea trebuie s fie maina lor).

Atenie! Would + rather/sooner + infinitivulscurt este folosit pentru a exprimapreferina:

Ex. I would rather listen to the concert than see the film. I d sooner listen to the concert than see the film. A prefera s ascult concertul dect s vd filmul.

USED TO

Used toeste folosit doar la Past Tense, pentru a exprima:1) o aciune repetat, un obicei trecut, care nu mai este practicat n prezent:Ex. I used to swim in the Olt river when I was a child, but I dont do this any longer. Obinuiam s not n Olt cnd eram copil, dar acum nu mai not.

2) o aciune repetat, un obicei trecut, care mai este practicat i n prezent:Ex. They used to spend their holidays in the mountains. (Its very likely they still do it.).

Atenie!1. Used to poate fi nlocuit de would la sensul 2). Would este frecvent:


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