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Commercial Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems GE 2.5xlTechincal description and data

1 IntroductionThe intention of this document is to technically describe the basic features of the

Wind Turbine Generator System GE 2.5xl.

2 Saety De!icesAll safety devices comply with

! "#$ E$ 2%& ' Safety distances to prevent dan(er )ones from bein( reached by theupper limbs! "#$ E$ *++ ' Safety distances to prevent dan(er )ones from bein( reached by thelower limbs

All control elements can be easily and safely reached and have been clearlyidentified and secured a(ainst unintentional actuation.

2.1 Saety "arnessThe safety harness is used to secure persons durin( ascent to and descent from

the nacelle of the WTGS and when carryin( out wor, in areas where there is a fallin(ha)ard.

2.2 Tra!ellin# Saety "oo$To(ether with the safety harness- the travellin( safety hoo, constitutes a safety

device for ascentdescent via the ladder inside the tower.

2.% &ire Extin#uishersTwo fire extin(uishers are available in the WTGS. /ne fire extin(uisher ismounted on the down tower assembly in the tower base- the other one on the top box inthe nacelle.

2.' &irst (id )oxA 0irst Aid box is located in the nacelle of the WTGS for the treatment of minor

in1uries.

2.5 Emer#ency ExitThe wind turbine (enerator system is provided with an emer(ency exit system

consistin( of an emer(ency descendin( device. The emer(ency exit consists of a hatchlocated at the bac, of the nacelle.

% Desi#n GuidelinesThe desi(n of the system is based on the followin( (uidelines+. #E 3+ &44 ' Wind Turbine Generator Systems2. "#t 6German #nstitute for onstruction Technolo(y7 ' (uideline for wind

ener(y (enerator systems 6issued 244&78. Germanischer 9loyd ' Guideline for the certification of wind ener(y (enerator

systems 6issued 24487&. "#$ E$ 5484* 6issued :arch 24457

Guidelines + and 2 define the wind and ambient conditions for determinin( thetotal load as a result of the aerodynamic- dynamic and static loadin( of the system. The


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Germanischer 9loyd (uideline 6no. 87 is used for the component;specific desi(n.Guideline no. & defines occupational safety for wind turbine (enerator systems.


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0i(. & $acelle

The mechanical structure of the WTGS is based on the concept of the modulardrive train. @ere the rotor is supported independently of the (earbox at 2 points. Themain (earbox is connected to the rotor shaft by a simple flan(e connection. The mainshaft is allowed to rotate throu(h the use of one or more bearin(s. The (enerator is

located in the rear of the nacelle.

'.1 +otorThe rotor refers to the assembly of the blades- plus the hub and the pitch drive

controls- not includin( the shaft.

'.1.1 )ladesThe blades may be provided with special mar,in(s 6blade paintwor,7 for visibility

durin( daytime in accordance with the re=uirements. The blade desi(n meets the(uidelines of Germanischer 9loyd. The blade is protected a(ainst li(htnin( by means ofa multiple;receptor system

'.1.2 ,itch System or +otor Speed and ,o-er ControlThree pitch drives and pitch control systems are used to control the blade pitch.The overall pitch an(le ran(e extends from 4 to %4. As the wind speed

increases- the blade an(le of the rotor blades is ad1usted in such a way that an optimumener(y yield is obtained with minimum loadin(. /nce nominal power has been reachedand if the wind speed continues to increase- the power input of the rotor is limited torated power by further ad1ustment of the pitch an(le. To perform bra,in( operations- theblades are moved to the featherin( position at a speed defined in the controller.

'.1.% "ub

The hub connects the three rotor blades to the main shaft of the mechanical drivetrain. The hub is connected to the rotor shaft by means of a flan(ed connection usin(bolts.


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'.2 *echanical Dri!e Train'.2.1 *ain )earin# and *ain )earin# "ousin#earin(s are installed in the top part of the cast base frame.

'.2.2 *ain Gearbox

The main (earbox of the wind turbine (enerator system converts the ener(y ofthe rotor from low speed and hi(h tor=ue on the input side of the (earbox to hi(h speedand low tor=ue on the (enerator side. The rotor shaft and the main (earbox areconnected by a special flan(e system. An oil cooler system is employed to ,eep the oiltemperature within desi(n limits.

'.2.% )ra$e System#n normal operation- the WTGS is bra,ed by ad1ustin( the blades towards the

featherin( position. /nly 2 blades need to be ad1usted to decelerate the WTGS safelyinto the idlin( mode.

The wind turbine (enerator system is e=uipped with an active hydraulic dis,

bra,e which is mounted on the hi(h;speed shaft. This bra,e system is only used tosupport emer(ency bra,in( of the WTGS- a manual stop- a complete shutdown of theWTGS and a shutdown durin( maintenance wor,.

'.2.' +otor oc$The rotor loc, must be en(a(ed for certain ,inds of installation and maintenance

wor,. 0orexample, entering the rotor hub without applying the rotor lock is strictly forbidden.

'.2.5 Couplin#The (earbox and (enerator are supported in elastic structure;borne;noise

insulation elements. As a result- axial and radial displacements could arise. These arecompensated for by the couplin( between the (earbox and (enerator with simultaneoustransmission of the tor=ue.

'.% /acelle'.%.1 )ase &rameA base frame provides support for the (enerator and the (earbox- and rests on

the tower so it can be rotated via the yaw bearin(.

'.%.2 0a- SystemThe yaw bearin( is desi(ned as a four;point contact bearin( with a toothed outer

race. The bearin( is installed between the nacelle and the tower top and enables thetop of the WTGS to be completely turned around the tower axis to enable the orientationof the rotor to the wind to be corrected. :ultiple yaw drives are installed on the baseframe of the WTGS and en(a(e in the teeth of the yaw bearin( with their output pinion.

'.%.% /acelle EnclosureThe nacelle enclosure consists of several parts and is manufactured from (lass

fiber reinforced plastic. The li(htin( system for the interior is installed on the nacelleenclosure. There is also a hatch with a transparent cover at the front part of the roof ofthe nacelle enclosure. The hub and the blades can be accessed via the nose cone byclimbin( onto the nacelle throu(h this hatch.


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'.%.' /acelle Enclosure CraneTo facilitate maintenance wor, in the nacelle- a brid(e crane is inte(rated in the

nacelle enclosure. The crane can be moved over the entire len(th of the nacelle. Toolsand spare parts can be lifted from the tower base and passed into the nacelle throu(hthe hatch in the rear section of the enclosure by means of an electrically operatedwinch. A short chain hoist- which is suspended from the crane trolley- is used to

manipulate the components inside the nacelle.

'.%.5 Wind speed measurement euipmentThe wind speed measurement e=uipment consists of two wind vanes and two

anemometers which are mounted on a steel mast on the nacelle. The steel mast alsoacts as a li(htnin( conductor.

'.%. "a3ard )eacon4 bstruction i#htThe wind turbine (enerator systems are 6optionally7 e=uipped with the re=uisite

si(nal devices and beacon systems in accordance with the local re(ulations.

'.' Electrical System'.'.1 Electrical Coni#uration

The electrical confi(uration of the GE 2.5xl is shown in the followin( dia(ram

0i(. 5 Electrical confi(uration of the GE 2.5xl


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'.'.2 GeneratorThe (enerator is located in the nacelle and is driven via the mechanical drive

train. #t is executed as a permanent ma(net (enerator. A volta(e source convertersupplies the (enerated power to the (rid. The electricalmechanical system of the drivetrain is fully decoupled from the (rid.

'.'.% Con!erter SystemThe fre=uency converter system is accommodated in cabinets 6protection class

#B5&7 in the base of the tower.

'.'.' *edium 6olta#e S-itch GearThe WTGS can be disconnected from the (rid by means of the medium;volta(e

switch (ear. The WTGS is supplied with a minimum of 2 fields- 8 field optional.

'.'.5 *edium76olta#e TransormerThe medium;volta(e transformer transforms the output volta(e of the converter

to the respective medium volta(e level of the (rid 66+4,C- 24,C- and 84,C standard- upto 83,C maximum7.

'.'. Saety SystemThe safety chain is a hard;wired monitorin( loop which is hi(her ran,in( than the

system mana(ement computer. rea, contacts of sensors and external monitorin(e=uipment are connected in series in this loop.#n addition to the safety chain- the WTGS is e=uipped with a hard;wired emer(ency stopcircuit which is activated by pressin( one of the emer(ency stop switches in the WTGS.

'.'.8 WTGS Control System

The controller is e=uipped with software which was specially developed for itsapplication and controls the WTGS and its systems by sensor input si(nals andout(oin( control si(nals. The operator communicates with the controller via the SA"Asystem.

'.5 i#htnin# protectionThe wind turbine is e=uipped with li(htnin( protection systems which have the

tas, of divertin( the li(htnin( currents arisin( from li(htnin( stri,es and the ener(yassociated with the li(htnin( into the (round in a controlled manner.

The turbine is e=uipped with receptors- e.(. on the blades- that receive the

li(htnin( current and divert it throu(h predefined paths within the turbine to the (round.Sensitive electrical components have li(htnin( arresters or sur(e arresters installed toprevent dama(e from volta(e sur(e.

'. To-er and &oundation Systems'..1 To-ersThe WTGS has a tubular steel tower- the individual tower sections are e=uipped

with suitable assembly platforms- ladder systems with travellin( safety hoo,components- li(htin( systems to "#$ and emer(ency li(htin( systems.

As an option- the WTGS can be e=uipped with an elevator- which in accordancewith the wei(ht desi(n limits can convey persons from the tower base to the nacelle and

vice versa.


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'..2 &oundationsThe purpose of the wind turbine foundation is to carry the structural loads from

the wind turbine 6e.(. aerodynamic loads7 to the (round. The desi(n of the foundationwill depend on the (eotechnical conditions 6i.e. soil7. Typical foundations are of (ravitytype or pile type dependin( on the (round conditions. The foundation shall be desi(nedto resist extreme and fati(ue loads produced by the wind turbine.

5 En!ironmentally "a3ardous Substances and Emission ,rotectionThe manufacturerDs instructions and safety data sheets with re(ard to stora(e-

handlin(- use and disposal must be complied with when handlin( (reases- oils andother chemical substances.

5.1 il Collection SystemsAny lea,a(e oil is collected in the bottom part of the nacelle enclosure. The

WTGS is also e=uipped with a series of smaller oil collection systems for individualWTGS components.

Desi#n imits

"esi(n (uideline and wind class+44 m hub hei(ht "#t W ##- #E T ###a*5 m and ?5 m hub hei(ht "#t W ##- #E ##b- #E ###aFotor diameter +44 mut;in wind speed 8.4 msut;out wind speed 25 msFated power output 6at mediumvolta(e level7

2.5 :W

:inimum ambient temperatureoperation survival perGermanischer 9loyd WindEner(ieGmb@ Guideline for the ertificationof Wind Turbines- edition 2448wsupplement 244&

; +5 ; 24

:aximum ambient temperatureoperation

> &4

:inimum humidity 5 (mH:aximum number of (rid;induceddisconnections per year

84

:aximum altitude with no deratin(6altitude above sea level plus hubhei(ht7

/ote 0or installations above +444m- capability allows for normaloperation up to the limits per "#$ #E3448&;+ Fotatin( electricalmachines. 0or installations above+444 m isolation distances ofmedium volta(e terminals are alsoaffected.

+444 m

8 To-er

Type: Tubular steel tower

Hub height: 100 m, 8 m, ! m


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9 0a- System

"aw rate: 0. #$sec

: +otor

"iameter +44 m$umber of rotor blades 8Swept area ?*5& m2Fotor speed ran(e 5 ' +& min;+Fotational direction loc,wise loo,in( downwind:aximum speed of the bladetips

?8.3 ms

/rientation


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15 Con!erter System

Type Colta(e source converterFated volta(e- line side 3%4 C >;+4 JFated fre=uency 54 @) 34 @)cos 4.%5 inductive to capacitive

6standard7 4.%4 inductive to

capacitive 6optional7Brotection class of the electronics #B5&


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Technical DocumentationWind Turbine Generator Systems GE (ll Turbine Types

Technical description and speciicationWindControl

Windarm Control System

1 IntroductionGEDs Wind/$TF/9 system re(ulates a wind power plantDs volta(e and power

in real time and is able to ma,e a wind power plant operate more li,e a conventionalpower plant. The system is capable of controllin( reactive power to the (rid when it isneeded- re(ulatin( system volta(e- stabili)in( wea, (rids- and controllin( the maximum:W output of the wind power plant.

GE provides a simple inte(rated system of CAF control by utili)in( the dynamicCAF capability inherent in GEKs variable speed turbines as the main CAF sourceLunli,e other systems that may re=uire add;on capacitors or CAF compensators.

Additionally- GEDs Wind/$TF/9 system can seamlessly inte(rate capacitor ban,s if(reater CAF capability is re=uired at the wind plant 6or windfarmM a term usedinterchan(eably in this document7.

GEDs Wind/$TF/9 system also controls the power output of the wind plant byutili)in( the variable speed technolo(y employed by the full line of GEDs wind turbines.

Each turbine maintains precise tor=ue and pitch re(ulation- controllin( power andspeed durin( chan(in( wind and (rid conditions.

onventional power plants include (overnor droop- controlled rates of chan(edurin( power setpoint chan(es- and controlled shutdownstartup routines. TheWind/$TF/9 system also provides such functions and satisfies many emer(in( (ridcode re=uirements related to wind plant power response.

Wind/$TF/9 features include! :aximum power limits! Bower;fre=uency droop! Bower ramp rate limits! ontrolled Startupshutdown! #nte(rated capacitorreactor ban, control! 9ine drop and volta(e droop compensation

2 General &unctional DescriptionWind/$TF/9 6formerly ,nown as W0:S ' Windfarm :ana(ement System7 is

the standard GE windfarm control system for supportin( windfarm volta(e- power factorand real power 6:W7 output control to meet utility (rid electrical re=uirements. Thesystem supports all current GE turbines and applies to all (lobal mar,et re(ions 654 @)and 34 @)7.

The description of functions and specifications in this document are onlyapplicable to the free;standin( Wind/$TF/9 cabinet. Some functions described inthis document may be optional and not included with a specific pro1ect or Windfarm. Anoverview of the Wind/$TF/9 system is provided in 0i(ure +. A description of thevarious Wind/$TF/9 system optional features and functions is presented in Section8.

The Wind/$TF/9 system is desi(ned to interface with each WTG located in

the Windfarm for re(ulatin( system volta(e- system power factor and real 6active7 power6curtailment- ramp rates and fre=uency droop (overnor control7 for the entire wind plant.


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#n the standard floor mount cabinet- a SA"A B acts as the user operator interfacefor the Wind/$TF/9 for access to the Wind/$TF/9 parameters- control settin(sand messa(in(. The SA"A B- ,eyboard and monitor are inte(rated into theWind/$TF/9 cabinet.

#f properly confi(ured- the Wind/$TF/9 system parameters- control settin(sand messa(in( can also be accessed from the primary windfarm SA"A system

operator console- both locally and remotely. The SA"A user interface screens that aretypically provided allow an operator to view and ad1ust primary system parameters andsettin(s as well as view the current real time data from the Wind/$TF/9 System.

Authori)ed service personnel can modify the system confi(uration parametersthrou(h either the SA"A system interface or the inte(rated ,eyboard monitor.

The Wind/$TF/9 system communicates with each WTG located in thewindfarm and is a closed loop control system that reads the actual Windfarm electricalparameters 6volta(e- reactive power and :W output7 at the point of interconnect 6orlocation of Ts and BTs used by Wind/$TF/97 and ad1usts the individual WTGDsparameters to affect the overall windfarm parameters towards its setpoints. Afreestandin( cabinet- typically located in the windfarm substation- is used to house all of

the electrical e=uipment and controls.The Wind/$TF/9 system will typically receive either a power factor or volta(e

command setpoint from the windfarm operator throu(h a SA"A interface or from theutility throu(h a si(nal interface from the utility FT< in the substation. TheWind/$TF/9 system will perform a closed loop control on the utility command andissue commands over the Ethernet Windfarm 9A$ to each WTG.

The Wind/$TF/9 system is desi(ned with the capability to coordinate andcontrol fixed reactor and capacitor ban,s when the total CAF re=uirements for the farmcannot be supplied entirely by the reactive capability of the wind turbines themselves

The Wind/$TF/9 system is also capable of performin( powercontrolcurtailment for the Windfarm. The net power is measured at the substation busand compared to a reference utili)in( a closed loop B# control. The Wind/$TF/9system issues a maximum power command to each wind turbine in the wind plant. Theindividual WTGs will limit their power produced to the power command received fromthe Wind/$TF/9 system.

The Wind/$TF/9 system can also limit the rate of chan(e in power over aspecified time interval usin( a ramp rate limiter. The ramp rate limiter is not part of thepower control re(ulator and operates independently of the power re(ulator. The ramprate limiter issues a common maximum ramp rate command to all turbines. The turbineswill follow these ramp rates when they are active. The system will hold the power levelat the maximum ramp rate until sufficient time has elapsed such that the ramp rate of

the wind plant is below the confi(ured settin( for the ramp rate and the output powermay be increased.The system can be confi(ured to control the windfarm power output based upon

the (rid fre=uency. This function is similar to droop control in a conventional (eneratorin which power output can be increased if the (rid fre=uency decreases below nominaland in which the power output can be decreased if the (rid fre=uency increases abovenominal. $/TE Feserve power needs to be maintained to provide increase powercapability.

The GE wind plant SA"A system 6WindSA"A7- usually located in the /N:buildin(- is typically used as the operator interface to the Wind/$TF/9 system. TheWindSA"A system will typically have an interface screen that can be used to enter

power factor setpoint- volta(e setpoint- and windfarm :W power setpoint. #n addition- itallows the operator to to((le between either of the two re(ulation modes 6volta(e or


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power factor7. The SA"A systemDs Wind/$TF/9 screen also displays the mainelectrical parameters of the wind plant.

Figure 1: WindCONTROL Overview

/ption 0unction "escription"ynamic CAF ontrol Colta(e Bower

0actor ontrolThis function is used for windfarm volta(e and powerfactor control. The system can only operate in onemode at any one time. The operatin( mode can bechan(ed throu(h a SA"A screen interface or via adi(ital si(nal from the utilityDs FT


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Bower ontrol 6urtailment7 Standard Bowerontrol

The system can control the power output6me(awatts7 produced by the windfarm. #n thisapplication the (rid operator will typically desire thatthe windfarm total :W output be reduced because ofa system or transmission constraint. The (ridoperator may send the :W reduction setpoint to theWind/$TF/9 system throu(h a discrete si(nal

from the utility FT


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Technical Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems GE (llTurbinbe Types

Technical DescriptionWindarm SC(D( Systems

(bbre!iation ist

SA"A ' Supervisory ontrol and "ata Ac=uisitionW0:S ' Wind 0arm :ana(ement System 6a,a OWind/$TF/97WTG ' Wind Turbine Generator/B ' /le for Brocess ontrol"s ' ompact "iscsSP9 ' Structured Puery 9an(ua(eB ' Bersonal omputer/N: ' /perations and :aintenance


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2 System erin#s0or very small windfarms- a customer may elect to not install any wind plant level

SA"A and may elect to communicate to each individual WTG independently. 0or allothers- the GE windfarm SA"A offerin(s are comprised of three standard pac,a(es.

2.1 /o Windarm e!el SC(D(

0or very small windfarms- typically limited to windfarms of one to four WTGs-customers may elect to not install any windfarm level SA"A system and rely only onthe limited SA"A functionality incorporated into each WTG for WTG monitorin( andcontrol.

Femote monitorin( of WTG real;time operational data must be done byestablishin( a communication connection 6typically via telephone7 to each individualWTG. WTG control 6start- stop- reset7 must be manually done by customer at eachWTG individually or can be done remotely in the same manner. WTG alarms are sentout by each individual WTG over itDs telephone connection.

@istorical data such as fault records- operational hours- and production will alsoneed to be retrieved from each WTG manually by establishin( a communication

connection 6typically via telephone7 to each individual WTG. There are no par, levelreports of any type.

2.2 WindSC(D( I < =)asic SC(D( System>The 9evel # asic SA"A System is desi(ned for customers who want only basic

wind par, level functionality from their windfarm SA"A system- primarily for/perations and :aintenance purposes or who will be usin( a third;party SA"Asystem for wind plant level user interface and reportin(.

This system provides basic user interface for real time view of the wind par,includin( turbines and other supplied systems such as Wind/$TF/9 6W0:S7 andGE :etmasts. #t provides a basic par,;wide overview with the ability to connect directlyto each system 6WTG- Windontrol or GE :etmast SA"A7 for details. The systemincludes a cabinet mounted ,eyboard and monitor. This system supports basic alarmin(and reports. #ncluded are a color in,1et printer and three OFemote CiewerQ "s with hardto,ens and "on(les 6installation performed by customer on own computer7.

Standard options for the WindSA"A # pac,a(e include Simple :essa(in(System 6S:S7 ustomer Femote Alarm $otification.

2.% WindSC(D( II < =Enhanced SC(D( ,ac$a#e>The 9evel ## Enhanced SA"A System is desi(ned for customers who want the

benefits of a system with comprehensive wind plant level user interface screens-

advanced data manipulation and alarmin( functions and an inte(rated wind plant levelSP9 database that facilitates comprehensive wind plant level reportin(.This systemDs :icrosoft Structured Puery 9an(ua(e 6SP97 historical database

supports stora(e of +2 months of operational data. #n addition to the inte(rated SA"ACiewer software- included is one des,top B with SA"A viewer and hard to,en. Alsoincluded are a color in,1et printer and three SA"A Femote Ciewer Software "s and

"on(les 6installation performed by customer on own computer7.The systemDs software modules supports advanced alarmin( and reportin(.Standard options for WindSA"A ## pac,a(e include /B Server System and

Global Bositionin( System 6GBS7 Time Synchroni)ation system.


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2.' WindSC(D( III < =Enterprise SC(D( ,ac$a#e>The 9evel ### Enterprise SA"A System pac,a(e is confi(ured for customers

who want the functions to facilitate extended interconnectivity and interoperability withother systems. This system builds upon the 9evel ## Enhanced SA"A system byincludin( the /B Server System and Global Bositionin( System 6GBS7 TimeSynchroni)ation system plusM

! Extended


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% System (rchitecture

%.1 !er!ie-The GE Ener(y WindSA"A System is desi(ned to be flexible in desi(n

architecture in order to support the broad re=uirements of different applications and

address the varyin( parameters of wind plant monitorin(- control- visuali)ation andreportin(. The system desi(n supports expansion to facilitate the addition of incrementalwind farm assets such as additional WTGDs- meteorolo(ical masts- Windontrol windpar, mana(ement system- andor Substation


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cabinet located in the substation or operations buildin(- the system contains networ,switches- rac, mounted servers- an inte(rated ,eyboard monitor- a


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! GE will utili)e Sin(le :ode fiber within the windfarm networ, as default. :ulti'mode cable will be used on an exception basis.

! Brovide the fiber optic switches for GE wind farm networ,- patch panels andpatch cables for each turbine controller- :etmast SA"A cabinet 654 @) mar,ets7 andin the wind plant SA"A and Wind/$TF/9 system cabinets.

! Brovide the fiber optic cable inserts that are pre;installed inside the patchpanels.

! Brovide communications drawin( showin( path of fiber optic connectionsthrou(hout the wind farm.

'.2 Sin#le *ode &iber ptic Cable Speciication

! The cable should feature standard %+25 Sin(le :ode fiber.! The core tube should include +2 strands of fiber as minimum. #t should feature

a hi(h bandwidth and should be desi(ned for outside plant applications- under(roundduct or direct burial.

! 0iber optic cable that includes a steel core- which typically is used in overheadruns- cannot be installed inside a WTG. 0iber optic cable used inside the WTG should$/T contain any metallic materials due to re=uirement for isolation of volta(etransients.

! The fiber optic cable should at a minimum comply with the characteristic in thetable below

0iber /ptic Type Sin(le :ode0iber =uantity +20iber diameter %+25 :icrons:aximum attenuation 4.& +844 nm d,m

4.8 +554 nm d,m

'.% Wind &arm Cable Distance Desi#n +euirements

! Sin(le mode E%+25m fiber optic cables are used for distances up to 24,m6+2.& miles7 between transmitter and receiver. Special e=uipment is re=uired if distance(reater than 24 ,m 6+2.& miles7 with no intermediate splices and are not included in thestandard scope of supply.

! The customer is responsible for informin( GE if distances exceed 24,m 6+2.&miles7 so the appropriate hardware can be provided at an additional cost to the

customer.

With technolo(y centers of excellence in the


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The double;bearin(main shaft also improves overall drivetrain reliability andimproves (earbox lifetime predictability. Additionally- a full power converter separatesthe (enerator and (earbox from the (rid- allowin( them to remain essentially unaffectedby transient (rid loads. This uni=ue system desi(n results in robust and reliable powerconversion. The main bearin(s remain well lubricated even under severe conditions dueto (rease lubrication- which unli,e oil- re=uires no heatin( at low ambient temperatures

in order to ,eep its lubricatin( properties.The hub desi(n contains an inte(rally cast web in the blade root openin(-

providin( hi(h stiffness to the hub assembly. @i(her stiffness results in less deflection ofthe hub- and therefore less loads on the components mounted to the hub.onse=uently- stresses on the pitch bearin( and pitch drive are reduced si(nificantlywhen compared to conventional desi(ns.

The 2.5 :W wind turbine is desi(ned accordin( to our "esi(n for Feliability6"0F7 methodolo(y.

"0F starts with the definition of reliability (oals and the environmental conditionsin which the wind turbine components must operate. The reliability tar(ets are thenbro,en down to component levelmodels that are developed to predict reliability.

A ,ey step in the "0F process is validatin( desi(n assumptions on bothcomponent levels and system levels. "ifferent types of testin( are used for validation-

includin( climate chamber testin(- compliance testin( and @i(hly Accelerated 9ifeTestin( 6@A9T7. @A9T is a very efficient tool to flush;out desi(n flaws rapidly. #n the


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test- components are sub1ected to loads of the entire desi(n life- but in a very short timeframe.

The next step is field validation. The 2.5:Wdesi(n was validated with more thanfour years and 544-444 hours of operatin( experience. After extensive field validation-one turbine was decommissioned so that our en(ineers could teardown andinspect all of the ma1or components.

The last step of the "0F methodol(y is production auditin(.Where validation is focused on ensurin( that the desi(n is free of flaws- the

production audit is focused on ensurin( that each unit is delivered with consistent=uality by understandin( the impact of manufacturin( variability.


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Technical Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems GE 2.5 7 5; "3 ? ; "3

1 General Inormation

The GE 2.5 is a three bladed- variable pitch- variable speed- full conversion WindTurbine Generator System 6WTGS7.

2 +ated Data%ated &ower '00 k(%ated )oltage *+0 )Tolerances of grid oltage

- 1 to - '0 for 0.1 s- 10 to - 1 for 1 s/$- 10 continuous

/ 10 to / 1 for 10 min/ 1 to ' for 10 s/ ' to 0 for 1 s

2re3uency Tolerance -$/ '. H4 continuous -$/ H4 for 10 seconds

2re3uency 5rift %ate ' H4$second%ated 6urrent '0+7 cos &hi at %ated &ower &ower factor can be ad9usted between 0.+ 0.+

optional; oer/excited and 0.+ 0.+ optional;under/excited at any power output up to '00k(.

%ated (ind


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' &lic$erA full;si)e fre=uency converter renders the GE 2.5 WTGS speed;variable. The

rotor blades are controlled by a fail;safe sin(le blade control which reduces theperiodical tor=ue fluctuations- which are caused by the tower wa,e effect.

The followin( values have been obtained throu(h a measurement conducted

accordin( to #E 3+&44;2+. "eviations from these values are possible

$etwor, #mpedanceBhase An(le- V,

84 54 ?4 *5

Annual Avera(e WindSpeed- va 6ms7

0lic,er oefficient- c6V,- va7

va 3.4 ms 2.5 2.3 2.% 8.4va ?.5 ms 2.5 2.3 2.% 8.+va *.5 ms 2.5 2.3 2.% 8.+va +4.4 ms 2.5 2.? 2.% 8.+

Table 8 0lic,er0lic,er;relevant phase an(le f ;X,

5 S-itchin# ,roceduresThe GE 2.5 does not have any si(nificant in;rush current ,max#max#nG+

6parameter as per #E 3+&44;2+7.

"armonics4 Inter7"armonics and "i#her &reuencies at Continuous peration"ue to the use of an #GT converter- no si(nificant harmonics are expected.

8 6olta#e Control

Colta(e at the turbine level may not exceed a certain value.Grid monitorin( in the turbine ensures that the volta(e does not exceed a setlimit. #t is installed on the 3%4 C side and can be sealed.

A volta(e;dependent power control steps in at a certain value- say > 5.5 J of therated volta(e. #t wor,s by chan(in( the power factor value (radually to 4.% ind. #f thevolta(e continues to rise- the active power from the turbine is (radually reduced- usin(the pitch system. The volta(e upper limit is thus not exceeded. This control can beimplemented at two different volta(e levels

! 9C side- simple implementation/ptionally available

! :C side- measurement point in the turbine transformer station.

! :C@C at the point of interconnection 6Wind 0arm level7 usin( Windontrol

9 Transormer Data or Connection o GE 2.5 to *edium "i#h 6olta#e Grid

Fated power 2*44 ,CA@i(h;volta(e ratin( utility volta(e dependent9ow;volta(e ratin( 3%4 C

onnection symbol

"yn5 or "yn++- starpoint(roundedThe transformer is mountedinside the tower.

Fel. short circuit volta(e 3 J


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: ,o-er Demand o the Wind Turbine Generator System @WTGSA GE 2.5 75; "3 ?; "3

Bower consumers of the wind turbine (enerator system are amon( others theheatin(- yaw drive- controls- li(htin( and hydraulic pump. The maximum power demandis 54 ,W when all consumers operate simultaneously.

The annual ener(y re=uirement at a site with an avera(e wind speed is 5.444 to+2.444 IWha.

The official power curves ta,e this power consumption into account. /nce theturbine is in operation it covers its own consumption.

1; +eacti!e ,o-erA cos 6power factor7 and a CAF specification can be selected between for the

reactive power of the GE 2.5. The power factor of the GE 2.5 can be set from 4.%5inductive 6optional 4.%7 and 4.%5 capacitive 6optional 4.%7. The CAF specificationprovides the option of a Wind0ree Feactive Bower function. This means that the turbine

can also ma,e reactive power 6up to +24* ,CAF7 available as a volta(e bufferin( durin(a calmstron( winds.

0i(. + CAF urve

11 ,o-er &actor Correction De!iceapacitors for the compensation of reactive power are not necessary.

12 Grid *onitorin#

The turbine is e=uipped with a line protection relay the tri((er values of whichcan be set to cap + in compliance with the utility company specifications and within theapplicable limits.


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1% ,o-er +eduction (ccordin# to the Grid &reuencyAn internal or external 6option Windontrol7 reduction of the power output

accordin( to the (rid fre=uency can be ad1usted via parameters.

1' )eha!ior in the E!ent o &aults in the Grid -ith the ptions @6+TB6+TA"urin( a volta(e drop down to +5J of the rated (rid volta(e- relatin( to a :C (rid

from +4 to 83 ,C- the turbine stays online. #n the present example the turbine staysonline for ?24 ms if the volta(e drops down to +5JM or it stays online up to +4 s if thevolta(e drops down to *4J. This allows the volta(e to be supported in an appropriatemanner. /ther values within these limits are possible. See Appendix.

This function is optional.

0i(. 2 The WTG is not disconnected from the (rid above the delineated time curves of the phase;to;phase volta(e.


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,o-er re#ulation pitch re(ulatedwith variable speed

peratin# dataFated power 2-444 ,Wut;in wind speed & msFated wind speed +3 ms

ut;out wind speed 25 msWind lass #E #A/peratin( temperature standard ran(e

;24 to &4low temperature option;84 to &4

+otorFotor diameter *4 mSwept area 5-42? m2$ominal revolutions +3.? rpm/perational interval +4.*;+%.+ rpm

Air bra,e full blade featherin( with8 pitch cylinders

To-erType tubular steel tower @ub hei(hts 34 m- 3? m- ?* m- *4 m and +44 m

GeneratorType &;pole asynchronous with

variable speed$ominal output 2-444 ,W/perational data 54 @)34 @) 3%4 C

Gearbox

Type 8;sta(e planetaryhelical*ain dimensions

)lade9en(th 8% m:ax. chord 8.5 mlade 3-544 ,(/acelle@ei(ht for transport & m@ei(ht installed6includin( oolerTopY7 5.& m

9en(th +4.& mWidth 8.& mWei(ht 3% metric tonnes"ub:ax. diameter 8.8 m:ax. width & m9en(th &.2 mWei(ht +* metric tonnesTo-er34 m 6#E #A7Wei(ht +8? metric tonnes

3? m 6#E ##A7Wei(ht ++3 metric tonnes?* m 6#E #A7


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Wei(ht +58 metric tonnes*4 m 6#E ##A7Wei(ht +&* metric tonnes+44 m 6"it ##7Wei(ht +%* metric tonnes


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+otor"iameter 52 mArea swept 2-+2& m2$ominal revolutions 23 rpm/perational interval +&.4;8+.& rpm$umber of blades 8

Bower re(ulation Bitch/ptispeedZAir bra,e 0ull blade pitch

To-er@ub hei(ht && m- &% m- 55 m- 35 m- ?& m

perational dataut; in wind speed & ms$ominal wind speed +3 msut;out wind speed 25 ms

GeneratorType Asynchronous with /ptispeedZ$ominal output *54 ,W

/perational data 54 @)34 @) 3%4 CGearbox

Type + planet step 2;step- parallel axle (earsControl

Type :icroprocessor;based monitorin( of allturbine functions as well as /ptiSpeedZoutput re(ulation and /ptiTipZ pitchre(ulation of the blades.

Wei#ht$acelle 22 tFotor +4 t

Towers@ub hei(ht #E #A #E ##A "#t ## "#t ###

&& m &5 t ; ; ;&% m 54 t ; ; 54 t55 m 34 t 34 t ; ;35 m ?5 t ; ; ?5 t?& m ; ; %5 t ;


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eficienta unui parc eolian

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