comert

1. Intrebare

2. "CONLINEBILL 2000" standard form has 3 boxes markes with (*). By filling in those boxes the bill of lading becomes a

"charterers' bill of lading" 0 owners are relieved from responsibility for inland transportation 0 the

bill of lading becomes a "through bill of lading" 1 the bill of lading becomes a "shipped bill of lading" 0

3. A "clean" bill of lading is a bill of lading issued in accordance with requirements of a Letter of credit and which is

always accepted by the banks. 0 bill of lading which bears no superimposed clauses or notations which expresely

declare the defective condition or contradicts the quantity, weight or number (as the case may be) of the cargo. 1

bill of lading which bears superimposed clauses or notations which expresely declare the defective condition or

contradicts the quantity, weight or number (as the case may be) of the cargo. 0 bill of lading which is issued in

accordance with requirements of the charterparty and with instructions from shippers, charterers and receivers 0

4. A bareboat chartered ship is employed on a time charter and a subsequent voyage charter. Which of the below is the

party responsible for vessels seaworthiness Head owner 0 bareboat charterer 1 time charterer 0

voyage charterer 0

5. A bill of lading can accomplish his fuction of document of title if the carrier accurately describe the quantity and

condition of the cargo on loading 1 guarantee that the cargo will be delivered in the same condition as on

loading 0 deliver the cargo without delay 0 do not deliver the cargo without presentation of original bill

of lading 1

6. A bill of lading function as a receipt of the freight if expression "freight prepaid" is included in the bill of lading 1

expression "freight payable as per charterparty" is included in the bill of lading 0 expression "freight

pre payable" is included in the bill of lading 0 expression "freight to be paid" is included in the bill of lading 0

7. A bill of lading issued "to order", without naming any other person or firm, has to be first indorsed by: the charterer

0 the notify party 0 the shipper 1 the receiver 0

8. A cargo can be considered delivered on discharging from the vessel 0 after the cargo has been stored in a terminal

belonging to the stevedoring company 0 on handing it over to the consignee or his receiver 1 after the

cargo pass ship's rail at discharging port 0

9. A charter-party is a document setting down rights and obligations of shipowner and bill of lading holder 0

shipowner and charterer 1 shipowner and shipper 0 shipowners and receiver 0

10. A loaded bulk carrier receives a call for assisance from a vessel that has suffered a major engine breakdown in mid

Atlantic. Which of the below should be the bulk carrier master's considerationd before offering a tow? whether

contract of carriage gives his vessel the liberty to tow 1 whether sufficient bunker is on board 1 wether the

value of the vessel requesting the tow, plus her cargo, if any, is likely to be enough value to merit a salvage service 1

none of the above, since master is under an obligation to reply to a call for assitance 0

11. A loading or discharging port for a vessel employed on a voyage charter must be a safe port always 0 on

nomination 1 on charterparty date 0 at the time the vessel arrives 0

12. A master had inspected a parcel of iron rods in coils and found some rusty. Nonetheless, he negligently failed to instruct

the the mate to clause the mate's receipts accordingly and shippers presented for signature "clean on board" bills of

lading. Under these circumstances: the master is entitled to sign bills of lading with remarks 0 the master is

entitled to show that cargo is not clean 0 the master is obliged to sign "clean on board" bills of lading 1

the master can ask for an independent survey and his decision is final 0

13. A notice of readiness indicating that the vessel will be ready to load in 2 hours from the moment it is tendered: can

be a valid notice of readiness 0 can be a valid notice of readiness if this is the custom of the port 0 is not

a valid notice readiness 1 can be a valid notice of readiness if it is sent during holiday 0

14. A ship employed by a port charterparty can be considered an arrived ship: once the ship is within port limits or at usual

waiting place or where she is ordered by port authorities 1 once the ship is anchored in the road of nominated

port and is ready in al respects to start loading or discharging operations 0 only when the ship is within fiscal,

commercial and administrative limits of the port mentioned in the ch/p 0 only when the ship is withing port

limits and is at immediate and effective disposal of the charterers 0

15. A ship employed on a berth charterparty can be considered an arrived ship: once she is in all respects ready for berthing

0 once she is alongside at nominated berth 1 once she drops anchor within the port limits 0

once her notice of readiness is accepted 0

16. A ship has discharged a cargo of coal and is about to sail. If the shipowners are still owed freight, how can their lien on the

cargo be exercised after she has sailed? Ship's agent can keep constructive possesion of the coal in a storage area

hired for that purpose until the freight is paid, the cost beeing for the shipowners' account 0 Ship's agent can take

property of the coal and keep in a storage area hired for that purpose until the freight is paid or sell it 0

Master has to instruct the receivers to keep the cargo on the quay and not to sell it before owners confirt that

their claim for freight has been settled in full 0 Ship's agent can keep constructive possesion of the coal in a storage

area hired for that purpose until the freight is paid, the cost beeing for the consignee's account 1

17. A ship has on board two cargoes covered by two different charterparties and one of them is overstowing the other. On

arrival at the discharging port master tenders in the same time two notices of readiness and discharging commence with

the cargo loaded on top. In respect of the cargo understowed can be said that: laytime will start imediately the

cargo becomes free for discharging 0 laytime will start on commencement of discharging operation 1

laytime will start as per ch/p, depending on time notice was readiness was tendered 0 laytime will start in

the same time for both cargoes 0

18. A ship is employed on a berth charperty and a proper WIBON clause is incorporated. On arrival at loading port the

intended berth was free, but due to fog vessel was unable to proceed to that berth for 3 days. Under these circumstances

when the ship can be considered an arrived ship? on arriving at usual waiting place, waiting for berthing 0 once

the vessel is at the intended berth 1 once vessel has pilot on board 0 imediately the berth is accesssible 0


intended berth was not free and anyhow due to fog vessel would have been unable to proceed to that berth for 3 days,

even if she was free. Under these circumstances when the ship can be considered an arrived ship? on arriving at usual

waiting place, waiting for berthing 1 once the vessel is at the intended berth 0 once vessel has pilot

on board 0 imediately the berth is accesssible 0


intended berth was not free and she eventualy became free two days after vessels arrival. Shortly after the berth became

available, navigation was suspended due to fog and vessel had to wait three days before she was berthed. Under these

circumstances: Laytime started after master tendered notice of readiness on vessel's berthing at intended berth and was

running continously up to the end of loading or discharging operation. 0 Laytime started as per ch/p, after

master properly tendered notice of readiness and it was not interrupted by any event up the completion of loading or

discharging operation 0 Laytime started as per ch/p after master properly tendered notice of readiness on arrival at

usual waiting place and it was only interrupted for vessels shifting from anchorage to the loading or discharging berth

0 Laytime started as per ch/p, after master properly tendered notice of readiness on arrival at usual waiting

place and it was interrupted once the berth became free and restarted after the vessel was berthed. 1

21. A ship needs some urgent spare parts and require help from a ship belonging to the same shipowner which is in the same

region at sea. The spare parts can only be delivered if the two ships come one close to the other. Under these

circumstances it is always good to help ships belonging to the same owners and operation can go forward without any

approval from the underwriters 0 the operation can only be carried out if the charterers of the vessel

deviating from the usual navigation route approve deviation 0 it is forbiden to carry out this operation without

prior approval from the underwriters 1 this operation can be done at owners risk and expenses and there is no

need for any approval from the insurance company 0

22. A ship was due to load at two very sentitive cargoes: onion and chocolate, and due to limited space in holds she loaded

both cargoes in the same hold. Due to smell, chocolate arrived in a damaged condition at discharging port and charterers

considered that the vessel was not seaworthy. In which of the below situations will charterers claim succed on grounds of

unseaworthiness? if chocolate was loading before onion 0 if onion was loaded before chocolate 1 if

chocolate and onion were loading in the same time 0 in both situations 0

23. A ship with a deadweight cargo capacity of 10,800 tons is employed to load ""min/max 10,000/11000 mts steel plates".

Under these circumstances charterer is under an obligation to load 10.500 metric tons 0 9500 metric tons

0 10,000 metric tons 0 10,800 metric tons 1

24. A ship with a deadweight cargo capacity of 10,800 tons is employed to load "10,000 mts steel plates 5pct molchop". Under

these circumstances charterer is under an obligation to load 10.500 metric tons 0 9500 metric tons 1

10,000 metric tons 0 10,800 metric tons 0

25. A ship with a deadweight cargo capacity of 10,800 tons is employed to load "10,000 mts steel plates 5pct moloo". Under

these circumstances charterer is under an obligation to load 10.500 metric tons 1 9500 metric tons 0

10,000 metric tons 0 10,800 metric tons 0

26. A ship with cargo on board is drifting without engine power in mid ocean and master is requesting towage. Would this

action be considered a General Average Act? Yes, this action can be considered General Average, as sooner or later

vessel may be in danger 1 No, this action can not be considered General Average as there is no immediate

danger 0 This action can be considered general average only if weather forecast is not favourable 0 No,

this action can not be considered general average as it is owners fault that engine is not working 0

27. A ship with deadweight cargo capacity of 32,800 metric tons has loaded 32.500 metric tons and no cargo is available.

Under these circumstances master is required to issue a dead freight letter if vessel was employed on expression

31,000 metric tons 5% moloo 1 31,000 metric tons 5 pct molchop 0 min/max 32,000/33,000

metric tons 1 33,000 metric tons 5% lchop 0

28. A ship with deadweight cargo capacity of 35,000 metric tons has loaded 32.500 metric tons and no further cargo is

available. Under these circumstances master is required to issue a dead freight letter if vessel was employed on

expression 31,000 metric tons 5 percent more or less in owners option 1 34,000 metric tons 5 percent more or

less in charterers option 0 min/max 33,000 metric tons 1 min/max 32,000/33,000 metric tons 1

29. A shipowner pay his expenses in EUROs and he enters into a time charter agreement with hire payable in USD. When do

you think the owner should include in to the charter-party a clause against currency fluctuations? When it is expected

that exchange rate between euro and usd will increase 1 When it is expected that exchange rate between

euro and usd will decrease 0 When it is expected that exchange rate between euro and usd will remain the same

0 Never, as usualy the currency fluctuations can not be predicted with enough accuracy 0

30. A through bill of lading is a document which provides evidence of a contract of carriage from one place to another in

separate stages of which at least one is road transit 0 a document which provides evidence of a contract of

carriage from one place to another in separate stages of which at least one is sea transit 1 a document which

provides evidence of a contract of carriage from one place to another with the same vessel or by the same carrier 0

a contract of carriage from one place to another in separate stages of which at least one is sea transit 0

31. A time charter for one single voyage is known as Round Trip Charter 0 Trip Charter 1 Time Charter

for one voyage 0 Head Charter 0

32. A valid notice of readiness is clearly mentioning that the ship is an arrived ship 1 the ship is seaworthy from

technical point of view 0 the ship is in every way ready to start loading or discharging 1 the ship will be ready

to start loading or discharging before berthing 0

33. A veesel is employed to load a cargo from berth 35 at Constanta port and that berth is not free on vessels arrival. If

charterparty is including the expression "weather in berth or not", master is entitled to tender NOR once the vessel is

within commercial, administrative or fiscal area of Constanta port 1 once the vessel is berthed at berth 35 0

once the vessel has pilot on board and is on her way to berth 35 0 once the the vessel arrives at usual

waiting place or where port authorities instruct her to wait 1

34. A veesel is entitled to tender NOR if: repairs are underway for hatchcover of hold number 2 0 repairs of

main engine are under way 1 minor repairs have to be made in each hold 0 discharging is finished and

cleaning is under way 0

35. A vessel employed into a time charter contract is considered off-hire if vessel proceed to shelter due to bad

weather 0 ship's cranes are out of order and they are required for loading 1 on sailing vessel has

no chief mate and she is not allowed to sail 1 repairs at main engine are carried out during loading operation 0

36. A vessel employed on condition SSHEX EIU, arrives at loading port on a Friday late evening and laytime starts as from

Monday morning. If during weeked work is carried out, then actual time used will count only if there is a special

provision that time used before commencement of laytime will count 1 actual time used will never count as

Saturdays, Sundays and holidays are excluded from laytime if work is carried out during this period 0 actual time

used will only count if shippers agree to change loading conditions from EIU to UU 0 master is allowed not to start

loading operation, unless shippers confirm that actual time used will count as laytime 0

37. A vessel employed to load 5000 metric tons steel plates 5 % molchop is described in a charter-party as having a DWCC of

5250 metric tons. If on the way to the loading port the price of the bunker is better than market price the owners

are entitled to take as much bunker as they want if the vessel is able to load minimum 4750 metric tons of cargo 0

the owners are not entitled to bunker the vessel if after bunkering vessel's cargo capacity is below 5250 mts 1

the owners are entitled to bunker the vessel only if bunker on board is not enough for safe completion of the

present voyage 0 the owners can take as much bunker as they want if vessel's cargo capacity is between 4750 and

5250 metric tons and charterers are informed about this before commencement of loading 0

38. A vessel is employed for loading a cargo from "one safe port Galatzi" and due to congestion port authorities order the

vessel to drop anchor at Sulina bar and wait for a free berth. Under these circumstances the vessel is arrived ship once

the vessel drops anchor at Sulina road 1 once the vessel is berthed at loading or discharging berth 0 once

the vessel arrives at Galatzi road 0 once the vessel enter the administrative, fiscal and commercial area of

Galatzi port 0

39. A vessel is employed for loading, under the same charterparty, from two ports for discharging at three ports. If the

charperparty is silent on procedure for tendering Notice of readiness then master is under an obligation to tender

Notice of Readiness only at first loading port 1 master is under an obligation to tender Notice of Readiness at all

ports of call 1 master is under an obligation to tender Notice of Readiness at all loading ports 0

master is under an obligation to tender Notice of Readiness at first loading and first discharging port 0

40. A vessel is employed on a lumpsum basis and due to an excepted peril one third of the cargo is lost during the voyage.

What is the freight charterer has to pay? Charterer has to pay only two thirds of the agreed lumpsum freight 0

Charterer has to pay agreed lumpsum freight 1 Charterer can compensate the freight to be paid with value

of lost cargo 0 Charerer will ask for arbitration before paying any freight 0

41. A vessel is employed under a voyage charter which clearly stipulates that only clean cargo is to be loaded. On arrival at

loading port master submit to the shippers a letter with his preliminary remarks and a notice of protest stating that only

clean cargo has to be loaded. Shippers accept all master's remarks and insist that all cargo be loaded. Under these

circumstances the master should load all the cargo as long as shippers accept on the bill of lading all master's remarks

about cargo condition 1 the master should load only clean cargo in order to avoid breaching charter-party terms

and conditions 0 the master should ask for charterers permission to load all cargo and has to insist on a letter of

indemnity 0 the master should ask for P&I correspondent advise and his decision is final and master has to

follow it 0

42. A vessel is fixed to load 3000 metric tons with a loading rate of 1000 metric tons per weather working days SSHEX EIU

(Time from Friday 17.00 hours up to Monday 08.00 hours not to count even if used). Laytime starts on Thurdays at 14.00

hours and loading is completed on Saturday at 17:00 hours. If despatch agreed is USD 4000 per day or pro rata for all time

saved what would be the total despatch payble to the charterers? 14,000 USD 1 12,000 USD 0 7,500

USD 0 10,000 USD 0

43. A vessel is fixed to load 3000 metric tons with a loading rate of 1000 metric tons per weather working days SSHEX EIU

(Time from Friday 17.00 hours up to Monday 08.00 hours not to count even if used). Laytime starts on Thurdays at 14.00

hours and loading is completed on Saturday at 17:00 hours. If despatch agreed is USD 4000 per day or pro rata for for

working time saved what would be the total despatch payble to the charterers? 14,000 USD 0 10,000 USD

0 7,500 USD 1 12,000 USD 0

44. A vessel with 3 holds and 5 hatches (each of the holds 2 and 3 have two hatches) has to load 12000 metric tons and after

completion of loading cargo distribution per hold is as follows: H1:3500 metric tons; H2:4900 metric tons; H3:4600 metric

tons. If loading rate is 500 metric tons per hatch per weather working day, laytime allowed is 4 days 19 hours 12 minutes

1 4 days 21 hours 36 minutes 0 4 days 19 hours 0 4 days 19 hours 10 minutes 0



tons. If loading rate is 500 metric tons per hatch per weather working day, laytime allowed is: 10 days 0 6

days 1 5 days 19 hours 12 minutes 0 6 days 12 hours 0



tons. If loading rate is 500 metric tons per working hatch per weather working day, laytime allowed is: 6 days 0

5 days 19 hours 12 minutes 1 11 days 14 hours 24 minutes 0 5 days 19 hours 0

47. A vessel with various cargoes on board including 5 containers on deck collides with a tanker. During collission 2 containers

slip into the sea and there is cargo damage at hold number 1. In order to avoid sinking the master decide to run aground

and during the manouevre another container is jettisoned and the vessel loose the starboard anchor. After grounding

temporar repairs are carried out and vessel proceed to a refuge port where she is docked. Under these circumstances

below expenses and sacrifices are considered general averagethe two containers lost lost durin collision 0 cargo

damage to hold number 1 0 temporrar repairs while aground 1 lost anchor 1

48. A vessel with various cargoes on board including 5 containers on deck collides with a tanker. During collission 2 containers

slip into the sea and there is cargo damage at hold number 1. In order to avoid sinking the master decide to run aground

and during the manouevre another container is jettisoned and the vessel loose the starboard anchor. After grounding

temporar repairs are carried out and vessel proceed to a refuge port where she is docked. Under these circumstances

below expenses and sacrifices are considered particular average container jettisoned 0 cargo damage to hold

number one 1 temporary repairs t the ship 0 the 2 containers lost during collision 1

49. Abrevierea "1 GSPB AAAA" inserata intr-un contract de navlosire inseamna: Ca nava va opera intr-un singur port si o

singura dana, portul si dana sa fie accesibile in momentul sosirii navei la operare 0 Nava va opera intr-un port si

dana sigura nedepasind pe durata stationarii pescajul maxim permis 0 Nava va opera fara costuri suplimentare intr-

un port si o dana sigura, portul fiind tot timpul accesibil iar nava sa ramana in stare de plutire tot timpul 1

50. According to Hague rules the carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and discharge the

goods carried. In this context, do the words "properly and carefully" imply the same degree of care as exercising due

diligence? Yes - the same degree of care 0 No - a greater degree of care. 1 No - a lower degree of care

0 can not be said as it depends on particular circumstances of the case 0

51. According to Hague rules"ship" means any vessel used in the carriage of goods 0 any vessel used in the

carriage ofgoods or passengers by sea 0 any vessel used in the carriage of goods and passengers by sea 1

any vessel used in the carriage of goods by sea, rivers, lakes 0

52. According to Hague Visby Rules the carrier is entitled to deviate from the usual route for saving life or property at sea

1 for attempting to save life or property at sea 1 for any reasonable purpose 1 for any kind

of repairs 0

53. According to Hague Visby Rules the carrier is entitled to limit his liability for loss or damage to the cargo to 666,67

Special Drawing Rights per package or 2 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram at carriers option 0 666,67

Special Drawing Rights per package or 2 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the higher 1

666,67 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the lowerr

0 835 Special Drawing Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the

higher 0

54. According to Hamburg rules the carrier is able to limit his liability for delay in delivery of the cargo to an amount

equivalent to two times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not exceeding the total freight payable under the

contract of carriage of goods by sea. 0 to an amount equivalent to two and a half times the freight payable for the

goods delayed, but not exceeding the total freight payable under the respective voyage 0 to an amount

equivalent to two and a half times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not exceeding the total freight payable

under the contract of carriage of goods by sea. 1 to an amount equivalent to two and a half times the freight

payable for the goods delayed, but not exceeding one half of total freight payable under the contract of carriage of goods

by sea. 0

55. According to Hamburg rules the carrier is entitled to carry cargo on deck if such carriage is in accordance with an

agreement with the shipper 1 if it is clearly mentioned on the bill of lading that cargo is carried on deck 0

if such carriage is required by statutory rules or regulations 1 if such carriage is in accordance with the

usage of the particular trade 1

56. According to Hamburg rules the carrier is entitled to limit his liability for loss or damage to the cargo to 835 Special

Drawing Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram at carriers option 0 835 Special Drawing

Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the higher 1 835 Special Drawing

Rights per package or 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram, which ever if the lower 0 835 Special Drawing

Rights per package or in carriers' option 2,5 Special Drawing Rights per kilogram 0

57. According to Hamburg rules, the signature on the bill of lading may be: in handwriting, printed in facsimile,

perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other mechanical or electronic means, if not inconsistent with the law of

the country the cargo is loaded from. 0 in handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or

made by any other mechanical or electronic means, if not inconsistent with the law of the country cargo is delivered to.

0 in handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other mechanical or

electronic means, if not inconsistent with the law of the country the bill of lading is issued 1 in handwriting,

printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other mechanical or electronic means, if not

inconsistent with the law of the country the shipowner is registered 0

58. According to VOYLAYRULES 93 "clear days" shall mean that the day on which the notice is given and the day on

which the laytime expires are not included in the laytime calculations even if work is carried out during these days 0

consecutive days commencing at 0000 hours on the day on which a notice is given and ending at 2400 hours on the

last of the number of days stipulated. 0 consecutive days commencing at 0000 hours on the day following that on

which a notice is given and ending at 2400 hours on the last of the number of days stipulated. 1 consecutive

days commencing from the hour NOR was tendered and ending after number of days stipulated in the text of te laytime

clause in the charterparty 0

59. According to VOYLAYRULES 93 despatch for all time saved should mean that despatch money shall be payable from the

time of completion of loading or discharging to the departure of the vessel including periods excepted from laytime 0

despatch money shall be payable from the time of pilot boarding for departure at load or discharge ports to the

expiry of laytime including periods excepted from laytime 0 despatch money shall be payable from the time of

completion of loading or discharging to the the expiry of laytime including periods excepted from laytime 1

despatch money shall be payable from the time of completion of loading or discharging to the the expiry of

laytime excluding periods excepted from laytime 0

60. According to Voylayrules 93 the word "Demurrage" shall mean a variable daily amount payable to the owner in

respect of delay to the vessel beyond the laytime, for which the owner is not responsible 0 an agreed amount

payable to the owner in respect of berthing delay for which the owner is not responsible 0 an agreed amount

payable to the owner in respect of delay to the vessel beyond the laytime, for which the owner is not responsible 1

an agreed amount payable to the owners in respect of not loading the vessel within the laytime, for which the

charterer is not responsible 0

61. According to Voylayrules93 "reversible laytime" shall mean an option given to the charterer to compensate any time

saved at loading or discharging port with any time excess time used at discharging or at loading port 0 an option

given to the charterer to use discharging terms and conditions at loading port and loading terms and conditions at

discharging port in order to reduce demurrage 0 that separate calculations are to be made for loading and

discharging and that any time saved in one operation is to be set off against any excess time used in the other 0

an option given to the charterer to add together the time allowed for loading and discharging and to calculate

laytime as they are a single operation 1

62. According to VOYLAYRULES93 "weather working days" shall mean a working day of 24 consecutive hours except for

any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel or would have prevented it, had work been in

progress. 1 a working day or part of' a working day during which it is or, if the vessel is still waiting for her

turn, it would he possible to load/discharge the cargo without interference due to the weather. If such interference occurs

(or would have occurred if work had been in progress), there shall be excluded from the laytime a period calculated by

reference to the ratio which the duration of the interference bears to the time which would have or could have been

worked but for the interference. 0 a working day of 24 consecutive hours including any time when weather

prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel or would have prevented it, had work been in progress. 0 a

working day or part of' a working day during which it is or it would be, if vessel is waiting for her turn, impossible to

load/discharge the cargo due to the weather 0

63. According to VOYLAYRULES93 "working days, weather permiting" shall mean a working day of 24 consecutive hours

except for any time when weather would have prevented the loading or discharging of the vessel 0 a working day

of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel 1 a

working day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel

or would have prevented it, had work been in progress. 0 a day of 24 consecutive hours except for any time

when weather prevents the loading or discharging of the vessel 0

64. According with Cancelling Clause of Gencon 94 standard form should the owners anticipate that, despite the exercise of

due diligence, the vessel will not be ready to load by the cancelling date, they shall notify the charterers thereof without

delay stating the expected date of the vessel readiness to load and asking whether charterers will exercise their option for

cancelling the charter-party or agree a new cancelling date. Such option must be declared by the charterers within 48

running hours after the old cancelling date 0 within 48 running hours after the receipt of the owners notice 1

within 48 working hours after the receipt of the owners notice 0 within 48 running hours before

cancelling date 0

65. According with Cancelling clause of Gencon 94 standard form should the vessel not be ready to load (whether in berth or

not) on the cancelling date the charterers should have the option of cancelling the charterparty 1 the owners

should have the option of cancelling the charter-party 0 the charterers should nominate a new cancelling date

acceptable to the owners 0 the owners should stop the vessel and wait for a new cancelling date 0

66. According with deviation clause from GENCON 94 the vessel has the liberty to call at any port or ports in any order, for

reasonable purpose, to sail without pilots, to tow and/or assist Vessels in all situations, and also to deviate for the

purpose of saving life 0 has the liberty to call at any port or ports in any order, for any purpose, to sail without

pilots, to tow and/or assist Vessels in all situations, and also to deviate for the purpose of saving life and/or property.

1 has to get charterers approval before calling at any port or ports in any order, sailing without pilots,

towing and/or assisting Vessels in all situations, and also deviating for the purpose of saving life and/or property. 0

is under an obligation to call at any port or ports charterers instruct her to proceed, in any order, for any purpose,

to sail without pilots, to tow and/or assist Vessels in all situations, and also to deviate for the purpose of saving life

and/or property. 0

67. According with Gencon 94 standard form laytime shall commence at 14.00 hours, if notice of readiness is given up to

and including 12.00 hours, and at 08.00 hours next working day if notice given during office hours after 12.00 hours. 0

at 13.00 hours, if notice of readiness is given during stevdoring company office hours , and at 06.00 hours next

working day if notice given outside office hours 0 at 13.00 hours, if notice of readiness is given up to and

including 12.00 hours, and at 06.00 hours next working day if notice given during office hours after 12.00 hours. 1

at 13.00 hours, if notice of readiness is accepted up to and including 12.00 hours, and at 06.00 hours next working

day if notice accepted during office hours after 12.00 hours. 0

68. According with Gencon 94 standard form the cargo shall be brought into holds, loaded, stowed and/or trimmed, tallied,

lashed and/or secured and taken from the holds and discharged by the owners, free of any risk, liability and expense

whatsoever to the charterers 0 the shippers or receivers, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the

owners 0 the charterers, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the owners 1 either the

charterers or the owners, free of any risk, liability and expense whatsoever to the other party 0

69. According with Gencon 94 standard form the freight is paybale on highest between intaken or delivered quantity 0

intaken quantity 1 delivered quantity 0 lowest between intaken or delivery quantity 0

70. According with Gencon 94 standard form, if the charterers do not reply within 48 runnig hours after the receipt of owners

notice of missing the cancelling date, the charter-party is deemed to be ammended and the new cancellind date is the

seventh day after the date the notice was sent 0 the seventh day after the new readiness stated in the

owners notification 1 the seventh day after the expiration of the 48 runnig hours allowed for charterers to

declare their option 0 the seventh day after the cancelling date missed by the vessel 0

71. According with Hague Rules definition of "goods" includes ? goods, wares, merchandises and articles of any kind

whatsoever, except live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage is stated as being carried on deck and is so

carried 1 goods, wares, merchandises and articles of any kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo which by

the charterparty the owners have the liberty to carry on deck at their option 0 goods, wares, merchandises and

passengers of any kind whatsoever, except live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage is stated as being

carried on deck and is so carried 0 goods, wares, merchandises and articles of any kind whatsoever, except

live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage the owners have liberty to carry on deck 0

72. According with Lien clause from Gencon 94 standard form the owners shall have a lien on cargo and on all subfreights

payable in respect of the cargo for freight, deadfreight, demurrage, claims for damages and for all other ammounts

due under the charterparty including costs of recovering same 1 freight, deadfreight, demurrage and

damages for detention 0 freight, deadfreight, demurrage, claims for damages, cargo contribution to general average

and for expenses incurred by the shipowner in protecting the cargo 0 freight, deadfreight, demurrage, claims for

damages and for all other ammounts due under the charterparty excluding costs of recovering same 0

73. According with VOYLAYRULES 93 the word "berth" shall meanthe place where loading or discharging operation are

normally carried out, even if at anchorage or at buoy 0 the specific place within a port where the vessel is to load or

discharge 1 the specific place within or outside a port where the vessel is to load or discharge 0 the

place of loading or discharging nominated in a charterparty 0

74. According with VOYLAYRULES 93 the word "port" shall mean a well defined area, within which vessels load or discharge

cargo whether at berths, anchorages, buoys, or the like, and which is situated within commercial, fiscal and administrative

area of a port authority 0 an area, within which vessels load or discharge cargo whether at berths,

anchorages, buoys, or the like, and shall also include the usual places where vessels wait for their turn or are ordered or

obliged to wait for their turn situated a reasonable distance from that area 0 an area, within which vessels load or

discharge cargo whether at berths, anchorages, buoys, or the like, and shall not include the usual places where vessels

wait for their turn or are ordered or obliged to wait for their turn no matter the distance from that area 0 an

area, within which vessels load or discharge cargo whether at berths, anchorages, buoys, or the like, and shall also include

the usual places where vessels wait for their turn or are ordered or obliged to wait for their turn no matter the distance

from that area 1

75. Acording to Hague Rules, the carrier is discharged from all liability in respect of loss or damage to the cargo unless suit is

brought within one year after delivery of the goods 1 unless claim is made within one year after delivery of the

goods 0 unless suit is brought within one year after discharge of the goods 0 unless suit is brought within

one year after date when the goods should have been delivered. 1

76. Acording to Hamburg rules, the carrier is not entitled to the benefit of the limitation of liability if it is proved that the loss,

damage or delay in delivery of the cargo resulted from an act or omission of the carrier done with the intent to

cause such loss, damage or delay 1 resulted from negligence or omission of the carrier or his servants done

without intent to cause such loss, damage or delay 0 resulted from an act or omission of the carrier done without

knowledge that such loss, damage or delay would probably result. 0 resulted from an act or omission of the

carrier done with knowledge that such loss, damage or delay would probably result. 1

77. Acording with common law a vessel is seaworthy if she is fit to both ordinary and extraordinary perils of the sea 0

fit to perform the voyage under good weather conditions 0 fit to encounter the ordinary perils of the

sea 1 fit to encounter any extraordinar perils of the sea 0

78. Acreditivul se defineste ca: Forma a creditului documentar, prin care o banca comerciala, in baza unui contract incheiat

cu clientul sau, I-si ia obligatia de a plati o suma de bani beneficiarului indicat, pana la termenul stabilit, in schimbul unor

documente comerciale indicate in avizul de deschidere a acreditivului 1 Forma a incasoului documentar prin care

clientul transmite bancii sale documente care atesta indeplinirea obligatiilor care I-au revenit in baza unui contract

comercial, documente pentru care banca primitoare le remite spre incasare unor banci corespondente dupa ce aceasta

solicita contravaloarea lor 0 Forma de plata in comertul international utilizata de clientii unei banci pentru

derularea unui contract international de vanzare 0

79. After one of the set of original bills of lading is presented to the master and delivery is made in exchange of this bill, what

happens to the other bills in the set they may still be presented to the master for delivery 0 they become null and

void 1 they are still valid and can be used to transfer the property in the goods 0 they are destroyed

by the master 0

80. Although at common law oral Notice of Readiness is acceptable, almost always the charterparty privides for tendering

NOR in writing. In this context "in writing" shall mean certain visibly expressed form of reproducing words and should be

limited to standard forms, letters, telex, fax, cable and e-mail if same are acceptable by legislation of flag state 0

any visibly expressed form of reproducing words; the medium of transmission shall include electronic

communications such as radio communications, telecommunications and VHF 0 any visibly expressed form of

reproducing words; the medium of transmission shall include electronic communications such as radio communications

and telecommunications. 1 only hand signed and stamped documents are acceptable as in this way there is a

clear and unquestionable proof that they are not false notices send on behalf of the master by the owners 0

81. Andosarea unui conosament se poate face: in alb 1 in gol 0 in plin 1 in gri 0

82. Are the shipowners of a time chartered vessel entitled to put lien on a cargo carried by the vessel under a voyage charter

for non payment of hire? The shipowners are entitled to put lien on cargo as they have all the rights to recover the

hire 0 The shipowners have no right to put lien on cargoes carried by the vessel, as voyage charterer most

probably paid all freight to time charter 1 The shipowners are entitled to put lien on cargo as by the time

charter they usually have the right to recover any subfreights due to time charterer 0 The shipowners are entitled

not to discharge the cargo before they are paid the hire in full 0

83. Are the vessels required by law to be H&M or P&I insured? Yes, owners are under a common law obligation to have

H&M and P&I insurance 0 Owners are under an obligation to have only H&M insurance 0 Owners are

under an obligation to have only P&I insurance 0 Owners are under no obligation to have H&M and/or P&I

insurance 1

84. Armatorul este indreptatit sa primeasca navlu fara deduceri daca marfurile sosesc la destinatie usor avariate 1

atat de avariate incat s-au pierdut calitatea de bunuri comerciale 0 doar o parte din marfuri sosesc la

destinatie 0 doar o parte din marfuri sosesc la destinatie si nava a fost angajata pentru navlu lumpsum 1

85. As a general rule, damages resulting from a collision between two ships are covered: 100 % by H&M insurers 0

80% by H & M insurers and 20% by P&I insurers 0 75% by H & M insurers and 25% by P&I insurers

1 25% by H & M insurers and 75% by P&I insurers 0

86. As a general rule, the bill of lading has to be issued to the owner of the cargo 0 the exporter or freight forwarder

0 the person in possesion of mate's receipt 1 the person a charterparty has been made with 0

87. Assessment of premium for a H&M insurance can iniatially be divided into below distinct two elements the total loss

element 1 the general average element 0 the salvage element 0 the particular average

element 1

88. Assuming that a Notice of Readiness is accepted by a charterer or his agent, when will laytime commence if caharterparty

contain a Notice of Readiness clause ? once the Notice of Readiness is accepted 0 according with charterparty

stipulations 1 once the Notice of Readiness is given 0 once loading commences 0

89. Atunci cind intr-un contract de navlosire se inscrie cuvintul about cu privire la viteza navei: viteza medie a navei pe

durata voiajului trebuie sa fie egala cu viteza inscrisa in contract 0 viteza medie a navei pe durata voiajului

poate sa fie mai redusa cu 0,5 Noduri decit viteza inscrisa in contract 1 viteza medie a navei poate fi mai mare sau

mai mica decit cea inscrisa in contract cu pana la 1 Nod 0 viteza navei trebuie nu fie nici un moment mai

redusa decit viteza inscrisa in contract 0

90. Atunci cind se vorbeste despre " starea si conditia aparenta" a marfurilor se are in vedere calitatea marfurilor 0

se are invedere si ambalajul marfii 1 se are in vedere aspectul exterior al marfii 1 se are in

vedere atit aspectul exterior al marfii cit si continutul coletelor 0

91. Banca nu accepta plata unui conosament care se prezinta la incasare mai tarziu de : 12 zile dupa emitere 0 20 de

zile dupa emitere 0 21 de zile dupa emitere 1

92. Bancile accepta la plata conosamentele care mentioneaza ca "navlul a fost platit anticipat" ? Nu 0 Nu, fara

acordul primitorului marfii 0 Da 1

93. Bancile accepta la plata un conosament care are inscris un alt loc de preluare a marfurilor decat portul de incarcare ?

Nu 0 Da 1 Da,dar numai cu acordul carausului 0

94. Bancile accepta la plata un conosament care are mentionat ca expeditor o alta persoana decat beneficiarul acreditivului ?

Da 1 Nu 0 Da, cu acordul navlositorului 0

95. Bancile accepta la plata un conosament care are o data de emitere posterioara datei de valabilitate stipulata in acreditiv ?

Nu 1 Da, cu acordul carausului 0 Da 0

96. Based on how the box "consignee" of a bill of lading is filled in, bills of lading can be classified as: Bearer Bills of Lading

1 Order Bills of Lading 1 Straight Bills of Lading 1 Liner Bills of Lading 0

97. Before proceeding on a voyage, the master of a time chartered vessel decides to disregard charterers orders as to the

specific course of the voyage and to follow a route which he considers preferable. Under these circumstances: the

master is entitled to proceed like this, as the master is the one deciding about all navigation aspects 0 the master is

entitled to proceed like this, as he is the one responsible for the safety of the ship/crew and cargo 0 the master

has to follow charterers orders, as they reffer to the commercial operation of the vessel 1 the master has to

follow always charterers orders in a time charter otherwise, vessel will be placed off-hire 0

98. Bunurile fungibile sunt acele bunuri care: Au unele calitati intrinseci care nu le permit inlocuirea unora cu altele 0

Se pot schimba unele cu altele raportul de echivalenta stabilindu-se prin cantarire, numarare, masurare 1

Au valoarea stabilita la bursa de valori sau pe alte piete de valori mobiliare legal recunoscute 0

99. By including a demurrage clause in a charterparty charterers interests are satisfied as even if he fail to load the vessel

in time agreed they are allowed to complete loading in exchange of a fixed penalty 1 owners interests are satisfied

as if the vessel delays more than the charterparty provides for, they are allowed to a daily compensation 1 only

owners interests are satisfied as they are not loosing anything while charterers are paying more money 0 only

charterers interests are satisfied as owners may loose next employment due to charterers failure to load in time 0

100. Can a time charterer have a master dismissed? the charterparty always give the time charterer the power

to change the master 0 the charterparty may require owners to investigate complains by charterers regarding the

master, and replace him if required 1 the time charterers have no right to claim anything against the master,

since he is employed and paid by the shipowners 0 the time charterers can replace the master with another

one if they pay for his salary 0

101. Can there be General Average where a time chartered ship is in ballast? Only if the the charterer has some

hire to pay 0 No, since there is no cargo on board there is not a common adventure 0 Depends on

the circumstances an accident occurs in 0 Yes, since bunker is owned by the time charterers 1

102. Can there be General Average where a voyage chartered ship is in ballast? No, since there is no other party with

property at risk 1 Depends on the circumstances an accident occurs 0 Yes, if vessel is deliberely

grounded to save her from total loss 0 Yes, if all conditions of a general average are met 0

103. Cand decade carausul din dreptul la limitarea raspunderii conform rregulilor de la Hamburg : Cand pierderea,

avarierea sau intarzierea livrarii a rezultat dintr-o actiune de omisiune comisa cu intentie; 1 Cand pierderea,

avarierea sau interzierea in livrare a rezultat din culpa comandantului; 0 Cand pierderea, avarierea sau

intarzierea in livrare a rezultat din forta majora ; 0

104. Cand este indreptatit armatorul sa retraga o nava din "BARE BOAT"? Cand disponent owner-ul are intarzieri

repetate in plata chiriei 0 Cand nu a fost platita chiria la termenii prevazuti in contract si la notificarile

armatorului in legatura cu acest fapt navlositorul a continuat sa nu-si onoreze principala obligatie 1 Cand

comandantul navei nu este multumit de prestatia disponent owner-ului si face cunoscut acest lucru armatorului 0

105. Cand este preferata modalitatea de plata prin credit documentar fata de incaso documentar? Platile

efectuate prin credit documentar sunt mai accesibile participantilor la contractul de vanzare internationala 0

Creditul documentar prin acreditiv este in avantajul vanzatorului 0 Creditul documentar fata de incaso-

ul documentar nu are nevoie de garantii de depozitare pana la efectuarea platilor fapt ce genereaza riscuri in plus 1

106. Cand o nava este in "time charter" si navlositorul este nemultumit de prestatia comandantului poate sa:

Schimbe imediat comandantul 0 Sa informeze armatorul care prompt va investiga cele reclamate si in caz ca

le gaseste intemeiate va proceda in consecinta 1 Sa adopte masuri administrative impotriva comandantului si

apoi sa-l informeze pe armator despre acest lucru 0

107. Cand se admit "scrisori de garantie" in legatura cu cantitatea si/sau starea si conditia aparenta a marfurilor

incarcate? Nu se admit astfel de scrisori. O astfel de fapta constituie o frauda maritima 1 Cand continutul unei astfel de

scrisori a fost garantat de catre o banca reputabila 0 Cand se primeste ordin scris din partea navlositorilor 0

108. Cand se aplica Regulile York-Anvers? Se vor aplica obligatoriu tuturor conosamentelor indiferent daca au sau nu

inclusa o clauza in acest sens 0 Se vor aplica numai daca partile au prevazut expres acest lucru in contractul de

navlosire sau in conosament 1 Se vor aplica numai la cererea uneia dintre partile implicate in avaria comuna 0

109. Cand se considera o nava sosita? Momentul cand o nava se considera sosita intr-un port trebuie explicit si

fara posibilitati de interpretare (inserat in contract) 1 Cand o nava a sosit in port, a acostat si ia fost acceptat

notice-ul 0 Cand o nava a ancorat in rada unui port 0

110. Cand se poate exercita de catre armator "dreptul de retentie" pe marfa pentru neplata chiriei pentru o nava in

"time-charter"? Pentru neplata chiriei armatorul nu are dreptul de retentie asupra marfurilor, el fiind un tert in

contractul de navlosire 1 Dreptul de retentie se poate exercita dupa ce armatorul a trimis navlositorului preavizarile

necesare 0 Dreptul de retentie al armatorului pentru neplata chiriei se poate exercita in primul port de

operare fara precizari prealabile 0

111. Cand sunt necesare operatiuni de amarare, asigurare, fardare, cine suporta costul lor in transportul de linie? Costul

unor astfel de operatiuni este suportat de navlositor 0 Amararea, asigurarea si /sau fardarea este ceruta de

armator, costul fiind suportat tot de el 1 Costul este suportat atat de armator cat si de navlositor in proportii egale 0

112. Cand trebuie sa se semneze la nava ordinul de incarcare? Poate sosi oricand dar nu dupa terminarea incarcarii

0 Inainte de inceperea incarcarii 1 Nu are importanta momentul cu conditia ca marfurile sa fie in buna

stare 0

113. Caracterul de extraneitate al unui contract de vanzare internationala este dat de: Desfasurarea contractului

intre parteneri din tari diferite marfa urmand a trece una sau mai multe frontiere, iese de sub incidenta unui sistem de

drept national 1 Inserare in contract a unor clauze standard care se utilizeaza in contracte indiferent de tara unde se

desfasoara contractul 0 Trecerea marfi peste granita mai multor tari si supunerea contractului dispozitiilor Camerei

de Comert International de la Paris 0

114. Care a fost solutia adoptata pentru a depasi o parte din problemele ce pot aparea din amendarea clauzelor

standard: Au fost interzise amendamentele 0 Amendamentele se fac doar de catre specialisti 0

Unele clauze sunt prezentate in mai multe variante standard 1

115. Care a fost una din cele doua revolutii tehnice din transportul maritim in ultima jumatate a secolului XX?

Inlocuirea motoarelor cu abur cu motoare diesel? 0 Introducerea paletizarii si containerizarii? 1

Cresterea capacitatii de transport a navelor? 0

116. Care a fost una din cele doua revolutii tehnice din transportul maritim in ultima jumatate a secolului XX?

Cresterea numarului de nave pe plan mondial? 0 Dezvoltarea infrastructurilor portuare? 0

Dezvoltarea transportului de marfuri in vrac? 1

117. Care din urmatoarele afirmatii sunt corecte? Transportul maritim costier se afla in competitie cu transportul

feroviar si transportul rutier 1 Transportul maritim costier nu se afla in competitie cu transportul feroviar si

transportul rutier 0 Transportul maritim costier este parte integranta a sistemului de transport feroviar 0

118. Care din urmatoarele aspecte trebuie sa faca parte din clauza de determinare a cantitatii de marfa intr-un contract

de vanzare cumparare internationala? Locul si momentul determinarii cantitatii de marfa 1 Modul de transport

al marfii 0 Persoana care va stabili cantitatea de marfa 0

119. Care din urmatoarele cheltuieli sunt suportate de armator in cazul contractului de navlosire pe timp?

Cheltuieli de asigurare H&M+P&I 1 Cheltuieli cu combustibilul 0 Cheltuieli portuare 0

120. Care din urmatoarele cheltuieli sunt suportate de navlositor in cazul contractului de navlosire pe timp?

Cheltuieli de asigurare H&M si P&I 0 Cheltuieli cu combustibilul 1 Cheltuieli cu echipajul 0

121. Care din urmatoarele clauze pot fi considerate ca fiind subintelese intr-un contract de navlosire pe voiaj?

Clauza referitoare la plata navlului 0 clauza referitoare la buna stare de navigabilitate 1 clauza

referitoare la devierea navei de la ruta uzuala de navigatie 1 clauza referitoare la nominarea porturilor de

descarcare 0

122. Care din urmatoarele conditii de livrare se folosesc foarte des in transportul maritim? CPT; DEQ 0

FOB; CIF 1 DDP; DDU 0

123. Care din urmatoarele grupe de nave poate fi considerata ca fiind Panamax? 35-75,000 twd 0 45.000-

90.000 twd 0 50-80,000twd 1

124. Care din urmatoarele modalitati de stabilire a staliilor se incadreaza in categoria staliilor fixe? 5 total

weather working day 1 400 metric tons per working hatch per weather working day 0 Customary despach 0

125. Care din urmatoarele modalitati de stabilire a staliilor se incadreaza in stalii nedefinite? 500 metric tons per

hatch per day 0 laydays as per custom of port 1 10 clear days 0

126. Care din urmatoarele obligatii ale armatorului pot fi considerate ca fiind subintelese intr-un contract de navlosire:

obligatia de a prezenta nava in timp util in portul de incarcare 0 obligatia de a depune diligenta cuvenita

pentru a pune la dispozitia navlositorului o nava in buna stare de navigabilitate 1 obligata de a acorda grija

cuvenita marfurilor pe toata perioada cat acestea se afla in custodia sa 1 obligatia de a efectua voiajul intr-o

perioada de timp rezonabila 1

127. Care din urmatoarele riscuri formeaza obiectul asigurarii P&I: amenzi 1 responsabilitati fata de marfa 1

pierderea navei 0 fransizele avariei particulare 1

128. Care dintre urmatoarele afirmatii este in discordanta cu prevederile Institute Waranties Limits? in unele zone

ale globului navigatia este permisa tot timpul anului 0 in unele zone ale globului navigatia este interzisa tot timpul

anului 0 In unele zone ale globului navigatia este permisa o parte din an si este interzisa in restul anului 0

in orice zona a globului navigatia este permisa cel putin o parte dintr-un an 1

129. Care dintre urmatoarele lucruri trebuie sa le faca un comandant care considera ca nava sa este apta de a incarca o

anumita marfa si cu toate acestea ea este refuzata in mod nejustificat de mai multe ori de surveyor: Sa curete magaziile

de atatea ori de cate spune surveyor-ul 0 Sa aiba in vedere ca actioneaza doar in numele armatorului si sa

incerce sa-l apere cit de mult poate 1 Sa inainteze o scrisoare de protest navlositorului 1

130. Care dintre urmatoarele modalitati de stabilire a staliilor se incadreaza in categoria staliilor determinabile? 4000

metric tons per day 1 8 running days 0 1000 metric tons per hatch per day 1

131. Care dintre urmatoarele particularitati poate fi considerata ca fiind o particularitate a transportului maritim de

linie armatorii sunt obligati sa accepte spre incarcare toate marfurile ce satisfac conditiile minimale cu privire la

cantitate si volum 1 nivelul tarifelor de transport fluctueaza frecvent in functie evolutia pietei navlurilor 0

cheltuielile de incarcare si descarcare sunt incluse in pretul de transport 1 pentru procurarea marfurilor

folosesc brokeri 0

132. Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului? Pe unitatea de greutate (navlul pe

tona) 1 Navlul calculat in functie de durata voiajului 0 Navlul se poate calcula functie de tipul de contract

de navlosire utilizat 0

133. Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului? Functie de modalitatea de angajare

0 Navlul calculat pe unitatea de volum 1 Functie de dorintele armatorului 0

134. Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului? Navlul se poate calcula conform

dorintelor navlositorului 0 Navlul se stabileste conform pietei de valori mobiliare 0 Navlul se poate

calcula pe colet 1

135. Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului? Navlul se poate calcula global pe

intreaga nava (LUMPSUM) 1 Navlul conform ratei indicate de BIMCO 0 Navlul se poate calcula

conform intelegerilor internationale 0

136. Care dintre urmatoarele poate fi considerata o forma de stabilire a navlului? Prin referinta la Word Scale 1

Prin referinta Word Bulk Scale 0 Prin referinta la Baltic Freight Future Exchange 0

137. Care este al cincilea caz de neaplicare a regulilor de la Haga : Nu se aplica "transporturilor terestre";1 Nu se

aplica transporturilor combinate; 0 Nu se aplica transporturilor pe apa; 0

138. Care este al doilea caz de neaplicare a regulilor de la Haga : Transporturilor cu caracter obisnuit 0

Transporturilor de marfuri periculoase; 0 Transporturilor cu caracter exceptional; 1

139. Care este al treilea caz de neaplicare a regulilor de la Haga : Regulile nu se aplica "cabotajului national"; 1

Regulile nu se aplica "cabotajului international"; 0 Regulile nu se aplica unui transport dintr-un port apartinand

unei tari care a aderat la regulile de la Haga intr-un port apartinand unei tari care nu a aderat la aceste reguli; 0

140. Care este continutul dosarului de avarie comuna ? Protestul de mare, lista avariilor, raportul de constatare a

bunei stari de navigabilitate a navei 0 Documente pentru determinarea cauzelor avariei, pentru determinarea

avariilor, pentru determinarea cheltuielilor, pentru determinarea contributiei 1 Fotografii ale navei inainte si

dupa incident, marturii ale mebrilor echipajului, documente contestatoare eliberate de autoritatile portuare vizitate de

nava dupa avarie 0

141. Care este diferenta dintre conditiile de livrare FOB si CIF din punct de vedere al momentului in care riscurile trec de

la vanzator la cumparator? in conditia de livrare FOB riscurile trec de la vanzator la cumparator in momentul in care

marfurile trec peste copastia navei in portul de incarcare pe cand in cazul conditiei CIF riscurile trec la momentul in care

nava a ajuns in portul de descarcare 0 in conditia de livrare FOB riscurile trec de la vanzator la cumparator in

momentul in care marfurile strec peste copastia navei in portul de incarcare pe cand in cazul conditiei CIF riscurile trec la

momentul in care marfa trece peste copastia navei in portul de descarcare 0 in conditia de livrare FOB riscurile

trec de la vanzator la cumparator in momentul in care marfurile trec peste copastia navei in portul de incarcare pe cand in

cazul conditiei CIF riscurile trec in momentul in care marfa a fost preluata de primitor 0 nu exista nici un fel de

diferenta 1

142. Care este diferenta intre un conosament si un "MULTIDOC"? MULTIDOC-ul nu are functia de titlu de credit

reprezentativ 0 Conosamentul insoteste marfurile numai in transportul pe mare pe cand "MULTIDOC-ul" insoteste

marfa si pe transportul rutier si/sau feroviar 1 Nu exista diferente intre aceste doua documente 0

143. Care este documentul utilizat in contractul multimodal care indeplineste functiile conosamentului "MULTIDOC"

1 SEA-WAYBILL 0 GEN-NAYBILL 0

144. Care este explicatia urmatoarei expresii prescurtata uzual in contractele de navlosire "SHEX"? In stalii se

include toate zilele lucrate din saptamana 0 In stalii nu se include zilele de duminica si zilele de sarbatori legale

1 In stalii se include zilele de duminica si sarbatori legale 0

145. Care este explicatia urmatoarei expresii prescurtata uzuala in contractele de navlosire "EIU"? Timpul exceptat

folosit va fi contat la jumatate din timpul folosit 0 Daca operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcare se desfasoara

in perioadele excluse de timp acestea nu se vor conta ca stalii 1 Daca operatiunile de incarcare sau descarcare se

desfasoara in perioadele excluse de timp acestea vor conta ca stalii 0

146. Care este explicatia urmatoarei expresii prescurtata uzuala in contractele de navlosire "SHINC"? In stalii se

includ toate zilele lucrate din saptamana 0 In stalii se includ zilele de duminica si sarbatori legale 1 In

stalii nu se includ zilele de duminica si sarbatori legale 0

147. Care este explicatia urmatoarei expresii prescurtata uzuala in contractele de navlosire "UU"? Timpul efectiv lucrat,

dupa inceperea staliilor, in perioade exceptate se va conta ca timp de stalii 1 Timpul efectiv lucrat, dupa inceperea

staliilor, in perioade exceptate nu va conta ca timp de stalii 0 Timpul efectiv lucrat dupa inceperea staliilor va fi

contat ca stalii numai daca prevede uzul portului 0

148. Care este intelesul clauzei "rye terms" cu privire la calitatea marfii? Conform aceste clauze cumparatorul poate

pretinde vanzatorului o bonificatie, daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu corespunde cu calitatea prevazuta in

contract 1 Conform acestei clauze cumparatorul poate refuza marfa daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu

corespunde cu calitatea prevazuta in contract 0 Conform acestei clauze cumparatorul accepta marfa asa cum este 0

149. Care este intelesul clauzei "sound delivered" cu privire la calitatea marfii? Conform aceste clauze cumparatorul

poate pretinde vanzatorului o bonificatie, daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu corespunde cu calitatea prevazuta in



150. Care este intelesul clauzei "tel quel" cu privire la calitatea marfii? Conform aceste clauze cumparatorul poate

pretinde vanzatorului o bonificatie, daca starea calitativa la sosirea marfii nu corespunde cu calitatea prevazuta in



151. Care este intelesul cuvantului about in cazul in care se foloseste la inscrierea in contract a capacitatii de

incarcare a navei sau a capacitatii volumetrice: in orice imprejurare inseamna ca se se considera acceptabila o

toleranta pozitiva sau negativa de 5% 0 in orice imprejurare inseamna ca se se considera acceptabila o toleranta

pozitiva sau negativa de 10% 0 intelesul acestui cuvant depinde de marimea navei, insa in general se considera

acceptabila o toleranta pozitiva sau negativa de 5 % 1 doar pentru navele mici, inseamna ca se considera

acceptabila o oarecare toleranta pozitiva sau negativa 0

152. Care este interpretarea urmatoarei prescurtari uzuala in contracte de navlosire "Wibon"? Conform acestei

expresii timpul de stalii va conta numai din momentul in care nava se afla in dana acceptata de incarcatori la operare

0 conform acestei expresii timpul de stalii va incepe sa curga numai dupa o inspectie a navlositorului care va

declara nava apta chiar daca nava se afla la dana sau nu 0 Conform acestei expresii timpul de stalii va incepe a

se conta chiar daca dana de incarcare/descarcare mentionata in contract nu este disponibila. 1

153. Care este interpretarea urmatoarei prescurtari uzuala in contracte de navlosire "wiccon"? Conform acestei

expresii nava este considerata apta de incarcare/descarcare numai daca formalitatile vamale au fost efectuate 0

Conform acestei expresii nava poate inainta NOR indiferent daca a obtinut sau nu libera practica 0 Conform

acestei expresii nava poate inainta NOR indiferent de faptul ca s-au incheiat sau nu formalitatile vamale 1

154. Care este interpretarea urmatoarei prescurtari uzuala in contracte de navlosire "Wifpon"? Conform acestei

expresii nava este considerata sosita si poate transmite NOR numai daca a obtinut libera practica 0 Conform

acestei expresii nava este considerata apta pentru incarcare numai dupa ce a obtinut libera practica 0 Conform

acestei expresii nava poate inainta NOR indiferent daca a obtinut sau nu libera practica 1

155. Care este interpretarea urmatoarei prescurtari uzuala in contracte de navlosire "Wipon"? Conform acestei

expresii nava va fi considerata sosita si timpul de stalii poate incepe sa curga doar daca nava este in port 0

Conform acestei expresii nava poate transmite NOR imediat dupa sosire la orice loc uzual de asteptare din port

sau din afara portului 1 Conform acestei expresii nava poate transmite NOR numai daca este in limitele legale,

administrative si fiscale ale portului 0

156. Care este modalitatea de angajare a navei cand costul operatiunilor de incarcare si descarcare sunt in contul

navlositorului? Angajarea LINNER TERMS 0 Angajarea FI/LO 0 Angajarea FIO 1

157. Care este modalitatea de angajare a navei in care costul operatiunilor de incarcare si descarcare este in contul

armatorului? LINNER TERMS 1 FIOST 0 FIOS (LASHING, SECURING, DUNNAGED) 0

158. Care este modalitatea de plata a chiriei pentru o nava in time/charter? Chiria se plateste anticipat la fiecare

15 sau 30 zile conform prevederilor contractuale 1 Chiria se plateste la fiecare sfarsit de luna pentru luna in

curs 0 Chiria se plateste de catre navlositor ori de cate ori solicita armatorul 0

159. Care este momentul inceperii staliilor potrivit clauzei "Timpul de stalii" din contractul GENCON 1994 ?

Staliile pentru incarcare si descarcare vor incepe la orele 12.00 daca NOR este dat pina la orele 08.00 in

urmatoarea zi lucratoare daca NOR este dat dupa orele 18.00. 0 Staliile pentru incarcare si descarcare vor incepe la

ora 14.00 daca NOR este dat inainte de prinz si la ora 08.00 in urmatoarea zi lucratoare daca NOR este dat in timpul orelor

de birou de dupa amiaza. 0 Staliile pentru incarcare si descarcare vor incepe la ora 13.00 daca NOR este dat

inainte de prinz si la ora 06.00 in urmatoarea zi lucratoare daca NOR este dat in timpul orelor de birou de dupa amiaza.

1

160. Care este norma de incarcare in transportul cu navele de linie? In conditiile de linie navele opereaza "atat

de repede cat nava poate incarca/descarca" 1 Navele opereaza conform capacitatii de operare a portului unde

incarca sau descarca 0 Nava va opera conform normei de incarcare, descarcare inscrisa in contract 0

161. Care este numele de cod pentru contractele de inchiriere a navei nude? WELCON 0 MERSEYCON

0 BARECON 1

162. Care este particularitatea conosamentului "CONLINEBILL 2000"? Este un conosament care se foloseste numai

in transportul multimodal 0 Acest tip de conosament nu se mai foloseste fiind retras din "FORMS OF APPROVED

DOCUMENTS" 0 Contine trei rubrici (cu 2 asterix-uri) care odata completate transforma acest conosament in

THROUGH BILL OF LADING 1

163. Care este primul caz de neaplicare a regulilor de la Haga : Regulile de la Haga nu se aplica contractelor pe baza

de conosamente; 0 Regulile de la Haga nu se aplica contractelor pe baza de Charter Party; 1

Regulile nu se aplica contractelor pe baza de Charter Party cand se emit comasamente 0

164. Care este principala caracteristica a unui TIME/CHARTER? Nava ramane tot timpul si din toate punctele de

vedere in subordinea navlositorului 0 Nava este subordonata navlositorului numai in ceea ce priveste asigurarea

unei bune stari de navigabilitate pe toata perioada de inchiriere 0 Gestionarea comerciala a navei este in

sarcina navlositorului in limitele prevederilor contractuale 1

165. Care este procedura de indeplinit la neplata chiriei? Daca navlositorul nu s-a achitat la termenul prevazut prin

contract de principala obligatie de a plati chiria armatorul este dator sa-l instiinteze despre acest lucru si sa astepte pina la

expirarea perioadei de gratie, iar daca navlositorul nu plateste sa rezilieze contractul 1 Armatorul are dreptul sa

astepte 10 zile consecutiv fata de termenii prevazuti in contract dupa care se aplica procedura legala de reziliere a

contractului 0 Daca navlositorul nu plateste chiria in avans la termeni prevazuti in contract, armatorul va notifica

de cel putin 3 ori navlositorul si daca acesta nu a platit dupa aceste notificari poate sa rezilieze contractul 0

166. Care este procedura pe care o indeplineste armatorul unei nave in "time-charter" cand navlositorul nu plateste

chiria stabilita prin contract. Armatorul va rezilia imediat fara proceduri prealabile contractul si va retrage nava din

"time-charter" 0 Dupa preavizarile necesare, armatorul va duce pe cheltuiala lui marfa la destinatie, va intocmi un

"statement" cu documente justificative pentru toate cheltuielile facute in locul navlositorului si va recurge la arbitraj

1 Armatorul va tine raspunzator navlositorul si va duce marfurile la destinatie pe cheltuiala lui 0

167. Care este regimul juridic al cuvintelor radiate ale unui contract de navlosire? Ele se iau in considerare atunci cand

una dintre parti poate dovedi ca s-au radit din greseala 0 Ele se considera ca si cand nu ar fi existat si nu se iau

in considerare in nici o imprejurare 0 Ele se considera ca si cand nu ar fi existat si se iau in considerare doar in

situatia in care fara ele una sau mai multe clauze nu ar avea sens 1

168. Care este relatia intre continutul conosamentului si prevederile acreditivului? Intre elementele cuprinse in

conosament si prevederile acreditivului trebuie sa fie o perfecta concordanta, orice nepotrivire putand da nastere la

amanarea sau chiar la refuzul platii de catre banca 1 Intre elementele cuprinse in conosament si prevederile

acreditivului nu trebuie sa fie nici o legatura, cel din urma reflectand modalitati de plata ale contractului de vanzare

internationala 0 Intre elementele cuprinse in conosament si prevederile acreditivului trebuie sa fie o oarecare

concordanta, dar se permit si variatii ale conosamentului de la continutul acreditivului daca acestea sunt in favoarea

vinzatorului 0

169. Care este semnificatia angajarii BSS 0/0 D/A-ul in portul/porturile de incarcare si descarcare este suportat

de navlositor 1 D/A-ul in porturile de incarcare sau descarcare este suportat de navlositor 0 D/A-ul in

porturile de incarcare/descarcare este suportat in proportii egale de armator/navlositor 0

170. Care este semnificatia angajarii BSS 1/1? Un port de incarcare, unul de descarcare D/A-ul va fi suportat de

navlositor 0 Un port de incarcare un port de descarcare D/A-ul va fi suportat de armator 1 La incarcare

D/A-ul va fi suportat de armator iar la descarcare de navlositor 0

171. Care este semnificatia clauzei CIF? Obliga pe armatorul navei pe care se incarca marfurile sa suporte

cheltuielile de incarcare, descarcare si asigurare a marfii. 0 Clauza se regaseste in contractele comerciale de

vinzare internationala, stabilind ca in pretul marfii se include navlul si asigurarea. 1 Obliga pe vinzator sa suporte

toate cheltuielile legate de livrarea marfurilor pina in portul de descarcare. 0

172. Care este semnificatia clauzei LINNER TERMS intalnita in contractele de navlosire? Toate cheltuielile de

incarcare, descarcare, stivuire si amarare a marfurilor cad in sarcina armatorului. 1 Cheltuielile legate de

incarcarea si descarcarea marfurilor sint in sarcina navlositorului. 0 "Vinzatorul marfurilor va suporta toate

cheltuielile legate de incarcarea si descarcarea lor." 0

173. Care este semnificatia clauzelor FIO, FIOS, FIOT dintr-un Ch/P? Prezenta acestor clauze intr-un contract de

navlosire obliga pe navlositor sa suporte cheltuielile de incarcare stivuire si rujare a marfurilor, iar pe armator sa suporte

cheltuielile de descarcare. 0 Inserarea acestor clauze pune in sarcina armatorului toate cheltuielile de incarcare,

stivuire si amarare a marfurilor. 0 Toate cheltuielile de incarcare, descarcare stivuire si/sau rujare a marfurilor

vor fi in contul navlositorului. 1

174. Care este semnificatia expresiei "indiferent daca este in dana sau nu" (WHETHER IN BERTH OR NOT)?

Inseamna ca daca dana de incarcare sau descarcare nu este disponibila la sosirea navei, nava poate transmite NOR

in momentul in care ajunge in orice loc uzual de asteptare si timpul de stalii va incepe sa curga in conformitate cu

prevederile contractului de navlosire. Timpul de stalii sau contrastalii se va intrerupe in momentul in care dana devine

disponibila si va reincepe atunci cind nava este gata de incarcare sau descarcare in dana. 1 Staliile vor incepe sa

curga indiferent daca nava este in dana sau nu. 0 Inseamna ca daca dana de incarcare sau descarcare nu este

disponibila la sosirea navei, nava poate transmite NOR in momentul in care ajunge in orice loc uzual de asteptare si timpul

de stalii va incepe sa curga in conformitate cu prevederile contractului de navlosire. Timpul de stalii sau contrastalii nu se

va intrerupe in momentul in care dana devine disponibila ci se va conta pina la finaliyarea operatiunilor de incarcare sau

descarcare. 0

175. Care este semnificatia expresiei "stalii reversibile"? Navlositorul are optiunea de a aduna timpul de stalii alocat

pentru incarcare cu cel alocat pentru descarcare si apoi poate efectua calculele 1 Se vor face calcule separate

pentru incarcare si descarcare si perioada de timp folosita peste timpul alocat in cazul uneia dintre operatiuni poate fi

compensata cu orice perioada de timp salvata in cazul celeilalte operatiuni 0 Se vor face calcule separate pentru

timpul alocat incarcarii si descarcarii 0

176. Care este semnificatia expresiei "to average laytime"? Navlositorul are optiunea de a aduna timpul de stalii alocat

pentru incarcare cu cel alocat pentru descarcare si apoi poate efectua calculele 0 Se vor face calcule separate

pentru timpul alocat incarcarii si descarcarii 0 Se vor face calcule separate pentru incarcare si descarcare si

perioada de timp folosita peste timpul alocat in cazul uneia dintre operatiuni poate fi compensata cu orice perioada de

timp salvata in cazul celeilalte operatiuni 1

177. Care este socotita "regula de aur" a comertului international pe mare? Export CIF, import CIF 0

Import FOB, export CIF 1 Import CFR, export FOB 0

178. Care reguli reglementeaza avaria comuna? Regulile de la Hamburg 0 Regulile de la Haga si Haga-Visby

0 Regulile York-Anvers 1

179. Care sint expresiile referitoare la costul operatiunilor de incarcare, descarcare si stivuire care se regasesc intr-un

contract de navlosire? FOB, CIF, FIOS si LINNER TERMS. 0 FIO, FIOS, FIOT, FILO, LIFO, LILO 1 C

AND F, FOB, FIOS, FIOL. 0

180. Care sint obiectivele asigurarii P & I ? Asigurarea marfurilor transportate, corpului navei si a anumitor

responsbilitati ale armatorilor atunci cind acestia sunt considerati vinovati pentru pierderi si avarii 0 asigurarea

raspunderilor armatorului cu privire la corpul navei si la marfurile transportate. 0 asigurarea armatorilor

impotriva responsabilitatilo legale, contractuale, extracontractuale si a altor responsabilitati ale armatorilor. 1

181. Care sint obligatiile carausului inainte de inceperea calatoriei conform regulilor de la Haga ? Punerea navei in

buna stare de navigabilitate : armarea, echiparea si aprovizionarea in mod corespunzator a navei si curatarea hambarelor

si/sau a altor spatii ale navei unde urmeaza sa se incarce marfuri pentru transport. 1 Punerea navei in buna stare

de navigabilitate legala si contractuala. 0 Amararea, echiparea si aprovizionarea corespunzatoare a navei :

curatarea hambarelor si/sau a puntilor navei. 0

182. Care sint obligatiile carausului inainte si la inceperea calatoriei conform regulilor de la Haga ? Carausul va depune

toate diligentele rezonabile pentru angajare si incarcare unor marfuri corespunzatoare din toate punctele de vedere.

0 Carausul va depune toate diligentele rezonabile pentru punerea navei in buna stare de navigabilitate si

armarea, echiparea si aprovizionarea navei in mod convenabil. 1 Carausul va insarcina pe navlositori cu

pregatirea navei pentru calatorie cu tot ce este necesar conform conventiilor internationale in vigoare. 0

183. Care sint uzantele uniforme internationale referitoare la conditiile de livrare a marfurilor in contractul comercial

de vinzare internationala? Regulile de la Haga. 0 INCOTERMS, RAFTD si Regulile de la Hamburg. 0

INCOTERMS si RAFTD 1

184. Care sunt caracteristicile avariei particulare? Sa egalizeze pierderile provocate cu intentia de a le face rezonabile

fata de toate partile interesate, sa-i dea Comandantului libertatea de actiune in incercarea de a salva nava sau marfurile

aflate in pericol 0 Accidentul este consecinta unui pericol maritim, a fortei majore sau a viciului propriu al

navei, vicii ale incarcaturii, daunele si cheltuielile se refera numai la nava sau numai la incarcatura 1 Daunele si

cheltuielile se refera numai la nava sau numai la incarcatura, clauza "New Jason" face ca o avarie particulara produsa din

neglijenta Comandantului sa devina avarie comuna 0

185. Care sunt cele mai uzuale clauze inserate in conosament cu privire la plata navlului? In conosament nu se inscriu

clauze cu privire la plata navlului 0 Cele mai uzuale clauze cu privire la plata navlului inserate in conosament

sunt: "FREIGHT PREPAID", "FREIGHT PAYABLE AS PER CH/P" 1 Cele mai uzuale clauze cu privire la plata navlului

inserate in conosament sunt: "FREIGHT PREPAYABLE", "FREIGHT PAYABLE AS PER AGREEMENT" 0

186. Care sunt cerintele pe care trebuie sa le indeplineasca ambalajul marfii? Sa fie usor, rezistent, estetic 1

Sa fie originar, vizibil 0 Sa fie usor, estetic, originar 0

187. Care sunt clauzele inscrise in conosament care limiteaza raspunderea armatorului fara a transforma conosamentul

in "FOUL"? Clauzele referitoare la descrierea marfii 0 Clauza "se spune de catre incarcator ca ar contine"

1 Clauze referitoare la modalitatea de plata a navlului 0

188. Care sunt clauzele inscrise in conosament care limiteaza responsabilitatile armatorului fara a transforma

conosamentul in "FOUL"? Clauzele referitoare la costul operatiunilor de incarcare/descarcare 0 Clauzele

referitoare la responsabilitatile armatorului 0 Clauzele "incarcat in stare si conditie aparent buna" 1

189. Care sunt clauzele inscrise in conosament, care limiteaza responsabilitatea armatorului fara a transforma

conosamentul in "FOUL"? Clauza"greutatea, masura, marcajul, numarul, calitatea, continutul si valoarea

necunoscuta" 1 Clauza referitoare la modalitatea de semnare a conosamentului 0 Clauzele referitoare

la porturile de incarcare/descarcare 0

190. Care sunt clauzele referitoare la "DESPATCH"care pot fi inserate intr-un contract de navlosire DESTACH-ul se va

calcula conform normelor portuare 0 Clauzele: DHDATSBE si DHDWTSBE 0 DHDATSBE, DHDWTSBE,

FDBE 1

191. Care sunt conditiile ce trebuie indeplinite pentru ca staliile sa conteze? Nava sa fie sosita, nava sa fie gata de

operare inainte de inaintarea NOR, notice of readiness sa fie inaintat 1 Nava sa fie in dana, NOR inaintat, nava in

libera practica 0 Nava sa fie in port sau dana, NOR inaintat, libera practica obtinuta 0

192. Care sunt conditiile de livrare conform INCOTERMS 2000 incluse in grupa "F"? FOB,FAS,FIOS,FCR 0

FIOT, FOT, FAS 0 FOB, FAS, FCA 1

193. Care sunt conditiile de livrare, conform INCOTERMS 2000, incluse in grupa "C"? CFR,CIF,CIP,CPT 1

C&F, CIF, CPT 0 CIF, CFO, CAF 0

194. Care sunt conditiile de livrare, conform INCOTERMS 2000, incluse in grupa "D"? DEQ, DEP, DDU, DDP 0

DES, DDU,DAF, DNP 0 DAF, DDU, DDP, DES, DEQ 1

195. Care sunt conditiile pe care o nava trebuie sa le indeplineasca pentru ca staliile sa inceapa sa curga? Nava sa fie

sosita si gata din toate punctele de vedere pentru operatiuni 0 Nava sa fie acostata si NOR-ul acceptat 0

Nava sa fie sosita si sa fie gata din toate punctele de vedere pentru operatiuni si sa existe o notificare scrisa ca cele

doua conditii au fost indeplinite 1

196. Care sunt conventiile internationale ale caror cerinte trebuie satisfacute de o nava pentru a fi in "buna stare de

navigabilitate"? BIMCO si IMO 0 BIMCO, IMO si SOLAS 0 SOLAS, LOAD LINE, ILO si MARPOL 1

197. Care sunt documentele mentionate in contractul de vinzare/cumparare internationala, ce implica transport

maritim, care stabilesc cantitatea de marfa expediata? Scrisoarea de trasura maritima - seaway bill 1

Conosamentul 1 Chitanta maritima 0 Factura comerciala 0 Declaratia vamala 0

198. Care sunt factorii care pot influenta valoarea navlului? Durata staliilor si clauzele de intrerupere a curgerii

staliilor 1 Distanta dintre porturi 1 Gradul de dotare al navei 0

199. Care sunt factorii care pot influenta valoarea navlului? Tipul de contract de navlosire utilizat 0 Tipul

de conosament utilizat 0 Natura marfurilor 1

200. Care sunt functiile conosamentului? dovada a preluarii marfurilor spre transport, dovada a existentei

contractului de transport si titlu de valoare reprezentativ al marfii 1 Functie paralela cu contractul de transport,

poate fi utilizat ca singur document de transport, titlu probatoriu, titlu de credit reprezentativ 0 Atesta

existenta contractului de transport, mijloc de transfer al dreptului de proprietate asupra marfii 0

201. Care sunt functiile principale ale marcajului unei

comert

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