192386933 evolutia constitutionala a romaniei
TRANSCRIPT
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UNIVERSITATEA „TRANSILVANIA”, BRASOV
FACULTATEA DE DREPT
ISTORIA STATULUI SI DREPTULUI ROMANESC
EVOLUTIA CONSTITUTIONALA
A
ROMANIEI
( 1866 - 1991)
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Evol!"# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # Ro'#%""
A!o* &!+%! El%# TONU
A%l I, # 6
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Evol!"# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # Ro'#%""
„S-a crezut multa vreme in puterea nelimitata a legilor si a reformelor politice.
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Evol!"# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # Ro'#%""
S-a crezut ca este de ajuns sa se voteze o constitutie, ca o tara sa devina un stat
constitutional si sa apra moravuri constutionale. Experienta aceasta s-a dovedit insa,
dezastruasa.”
D"'"!" &!" ( Stiinta naturii )
I0 I%!o+$
D&!"%l Eo", '#" #l& #l $l" 'o+%, # :o&! +!'"%#! + l!# %!
#7'## +!"lo &" l"!#!"lo "%+"v"+#l, %! $o%&!"!"# %#!"%"lo &"
# &!#!lo %#!"o%#l v%#! + "+"l + l#l"!#!, l"!"'"!#!, ;&!"!" &"
+!#! &o$"#l#, "%!$#!, # $' o$l#'# „D$l##!"# +!"lo o'l" &"
$!#!#%l"”+"% .6 #&! 1389 „"!## %&o$o!"# o'l" &%!
&"%l $#4 #l llo l"$ &" #l $o!"" v%lo0” I'l"%"#
#$&!o +4"+#! # "%$l& "% % o$& "%+l%#!, $# % &-# +l#!
%":o' &" #&%"$0
Rvol!"# :#%$4#, +$l#%!# "% 1389 # "%##! o %o# o$# "% "&!o"#
o#%# %"vl#0 A$#&!# # "$, o'ov#%+ o $o%$!""%+"v"+#l"&!# $o%:o'# $#"# "%+"v"+l &! &$ol, "# &o$"!#!#, "'#" &" !#%&:o'#" :%+#'%!#l, $# # ;#lo%#! &" '#$#! 74"o%o'"#
&" &!$!"l $"v"l"4#!"" 'o+%0 A&!:l, "% F#%!#, +# &!##!"#
'o%#>"$#, &%! l#o#! $>#!l +"% 1815 &" 18/, $# "%!o+$ &"&!'l
#l#'%!# "% lo$l $l" 'o%#>"$, "% !"' $ "% Bl"#, Co%&!"!!"# +"% 181
$o"%$"+ $ "%&!### %" 'o%#>"" o"" $# '# # o$l#'#""
"%+%+%!" #$&!" !#"0 P"%! #l! $o%&!"!!"" o% l#o#! "%
$o%+"!""l
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Evol!"# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # Ro'#%""
I%$!"l v"!"" $o%&!"!!"o%#l o'#%&!" o! 7 #&"! "%!-% o"$! +
$o%&!"!!" #"&!o+'o$#!"$# + l# 18/., "%&"#! + "+"l vol!"" :#%$4#,
"% $# o""'# '"$# & o%%!# %! o l"$# #"&!o$#!"$#, "% $#
"# "% Rl#'%!l O#%"$ % #!"$ol $# #!# %"# lo,
7"%+$# %! " # 'l! '#" $o'o+ #%
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Evol!"# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # Ro'#%""
l# :l $# &" #l! %#!"%" o%, # #v! $# o$# :%+#'%!#l#
l#o## %" $o%&!"!!"" o"", $# !#%&%# "% v"#!# &o$"#l# &" ol"!"$#
#!#! !#+"!""l v#loo#& #$'l#! +-# l%l v'"", $#! &" "%$"""l
'o+% &" +'o$#!"$ #l &"&!'lo #l#'%!# = +'o$#!"$ +
$o%+$ &" o#%"4# # &!#!l" &" &o$"!#!""0 P"%$"""l &" "+"l$o%&!"!!"o%#l "%&$"& "% Po$l#'#!"# + l# I&l#4, $# #!&!# "%!## !#"lo
o'#% "% #%+l %#!"%"lo $"v"l"4#! #l Eo", vo 7 &"%!!"4#! "%!-%
o"$! + $o%&!"!!", #l$#!"! + M">#"l @o#l%"$#%, o"$! $
"%$oo#4#, +oo!"v#, &""!l o'#%&$ &" o#%, "% '#!"
$o%&!"!!"o%#l#0
D#!o"!# %o "';#" "%!% &" %:#vo#"l, vol!"# + l# 1858 +"%
!#"l o'#% % # &"! !#%&%# "% v"#!# ol"!"$# &" + &!#! #$&! "+" &"
"%$""" $o%&!"!!"o%#l, !#"l o'#% 7"%+ %vo"! #$$! >o!##"l
'#"lo !" o% $o%$!"4#! & :o'# Co%v%!"" + l# P#"& +"%
18280 P #4# Co%v%!"" + l# P#"&, $# 4"%!#, + :#!, o $o%&!"!!"
v%"!# +"% #:##, & !#%&% %! "'# +#!# "% #$!"$# %o#&!#
$o%&!"!!"o%#l# "%$""l &##!"" !"lo, l '#%+ 7
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Evol!"# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # Ro'#%""
186, "'%# $ $ol#o#!o"" " $" '#" #o"#!" l#o#& % o"$!
o" + :o'# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # T#"lo Ro'#%, $# # :o&! +#$!#! "%
&""!l Co%&!"!!"" F#%$4 + l# 182.0 A$&! o"$! v"4# &o"# &%&""l#
# #!"!""lo +o'%"!ol" &" "%&!"!"# %" &"&!' "$#'#l, "%
$o%&!"!"# %" „$o o%+#!o” &%#!, #l$#!"! #!#! +"% ''" ++!, $#! &" +"% ''" %'"!" &o%#l + $#! +o'%0
S!#!!l +4vol!#!o #l Co%v%!"" +"% 1828, $%o&$! & %'l + „S!#!!l
l" C4#” # :o&! $o%&"+#! + 'l!" #!o" $# 7"%+ „P"'# Co%&!"!!" #
Ro'#%""”, +&" "%$# +"% #'l #$&! &!#!! &l"%"# $o%!"%"!#!# &"
l"!"'"!#!# Co%v%!"" + l# P#"&, $# #'#%# l# :%+#'%!#l# #
Ro'#%""0 A$&! #$! # :o&! #o#! &" l"!"'#!, "'%# $ l# l$!o#l#,
"% '#" 18650 A "%!#! "% v"o# "% "%" 1865, +# $ Al0 I0 C4# # "'"!
#$o+l +"% #!# Co'"&"" #'#+o"lo !"lo ##%!0 S!#!!l
+7%&!, %! "'# +#!# "%$""l #!o%o'"" l"&l#!"v # P"%$"#!lo
U%"!, +o#$ #$!l l '"!# P"%$"#!lo 'o+"7$ l"l $# "v&$
#+'"%"&!#!"# lo "% "%!"o, :## %"$" o "%!v%!" +"% #:##0 S "'"l
S!#!!l" l" C4#, & vo "%"!"# o &" + :o' l"&l#!"v &"
;&+"$!"o%#l, "%! $#* l# %! o#%"4## ;+$#!o#&$# ( "l"
1865), o'l## Co+l" $"v"l o'#% ( +$'" 1862 ) &" Co+l" +
o$+# $"v"l#, l#o## Co+l" %#l &" + o$+# %#l#0 A$&!
#$! l"&l#!"v # #v! $# & "%$"#l# Co+l %#olo%"#% +"% 18/5 &"
o$+# $"v"l# lv!"#%#, +# # :o&! #+#!#! &$"7$l" &""!#l"!#!""
o'#%&!" &" !#+"!""lo %o#&!0
II0 Co%&!"!!"# +"% 1866
C4# #+"$# "% :#" 18660 L# 1 "l" 1866 "%!# "% v"o# %o#
Co%&!"!!"0 P"% #$#&!# Co%&!"!!" Ro'#%"# +v"% 'o%#>" +"!##, "#
!o% &! #+& C#ol L+ov"$ + o>%4oll% = S"'#"%%0 A$&! #$! #
$##!#! :o'# %" #$! "%! 'o%#> &" 4%!#%!# %#!"o%#l#0 Co%&!"!!"#
+"% 1866 # #v! $# 'o+l Co%&!"!!"# l"#%# +"% 181, %# +"%! $l '#"
l"#l +"% #$l 'o'%! "% Eo#0
Co%&!"!!"# +"% 1866 # "'#!"!# "% 8 !"!l" &" #v# 1 + #!"$ol0 S
"%!'"# "%$""l separatiei puterilor in stat , !# l"&l#!"v# #
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Evol!"# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # Ro'#%""
R:"!o l# +!"l o'#%"lo, "% !"!ll II „ D!"l o'#%"lo”, #$#&!#
v+# &" ##%!# $l '#" "'o!#%! &" :%+#'%!#l l"!#!", $' # 7*
l"!#!# $o%&!""%!", &", # "%v#!#'#%!l", # #&o$""" &" "%!%""lo,
+&7"%!#%+, !o!o+#!# "v"l""l &" !"!l"l + %ol! &!#"% ("%$", #:,
#o%)0 E# ##%!#! "%v"ol#"l"!#!# +o'"$"l"l", &$!l $o&o%+%!","%!4"$#%+-& #l"$## %$!"%"" $ 'o#!# &" $o%7&$## #v""0
Co%&!"!!"# + l# 1866 # +o"! 4olv &" ol'# $!#!%"", "%
"%!o+$# %" #!"$ol &$"#l "% $# & '%!"o%# $# +o# „&!#"%"" +
"!" $&!"%” !# o!"% "'#'#%!%"#, &$ol # :o&! + #-" !$" &"
v", l!"'"" 4%!#%+ o '"%o"!#! +&!l + %'o# "% P"%$"#!
&" + # #&"# #&!## "+%!"!#!"" %#!"o%#l0
Co%&!"!!"# o$l#'# "%$""l ""+"!#!"" $o%&!"!!"o%#l, "% &%&l $# #$&!
#$! :%+#'%!#l % !# 7 'o+"7$#! "% l o+"%##, &" %'#" "%
$#'l + v"4", "% $o%:o'"!#! $ :o'#l"!#!"l &!#"l"!0 P%! #$&!
'o!"v # # #v! o +#"l"!#! '#, #'#%#%+ "% v"o# 23 + #%",
'o+"7$# $ "-# :o&! #+& l!"o %&$>"'#%+ = " &%!"#l "%:#!"#0
E&! &!"! :#!l $# #$#&!# $o%&!"!!" # '"!l + # 7 #+& %! "'#
+#!#, "% "&!o"# v"!"" %o#&! &!#!#l, $##$!l indivizibil #l &!#!l" o'#%,
$# + l# #$# +#!# v# !# %'l o7$"#l + Ro'#%"#, #$#&!# "% $o%+"!""l
"% $# !## %o#&!# & #&# "%$# & &4#%"!#!# I'"l" O!o'#%,
$#"# "" l#!# "%$# !"! &" +"% $# :#$# #! %o'"%#l0 I%&$""%+
:o%!"&"$"l "%$""l &v#%"!#!"" %#!"o%#l &" %&$"7$#%+ "% %"$"%
#!"$ol l#!"# + &4#%"!#! :#!# + Po#!#, Co%&!"!!"# +"% 1866 #
4%!#! :o'# ol"!"$o = ;"+"$# + '#%":&!# # "%+%+%!" Ro'#%""
"% l#%l l#!""lo "%!%#!"o%#l0 P"% #$&! #$! :%+#'%!#l, Ro'#%"#
#l"4#4# o #+v##!# +&$>"+ $ $##$! l"#l, 7"%+ "'l &!#!
$o%&!"!!"o%#l #l Eo" + S+ = E&!, "% $o%+"!""l "% $#, Bl#"# % &
%#&$& "%$#, S"# $o%&!"!"# % '"$ &!#! v#l, 'o%#>"# >#&"$# !#"#
"% '# :#'#%!#"lo +"% 1858 & "' #&ol!"&!, "# R&"# !$# +o#
& "%&!"!!"" 'o+%, %"$"+$' & $o%&!"!!"o%#l"&'0
III0 Co%&!"!!"# + l# 19.
A%#l"4#!# "% &$!"v# "&!o"$o = ol"!"$#, Co%&!"!!"# + l# 19., $# "$#, +#
"%!'"#!# "'l +'o$#!"$ #l#'%!# = $o%&!"!!"o%#l0
Co%&!"!!"# +"% 19. '%!"% "% '# #! &!$!# Co%&!"!!"" +"% 1866,
l#%+ &" #+#%$"%+ o &" + "%$""" $# # $o%:"! $##$!l +
'o+%"!#!, $' &" o&""l"!#!# #l# + +'o$#!"4# # &!#!l" &"
&o$"!#!"" o'#%&!" "%!l"$0 I% #$&! &%&, & "'"l #$&!" $o%&!"!!"","%$"""l 4%!#!"v"!#!"", &##!"" !"lo, l#l"!#!"" &" l"!"'"!#!""
8
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Evol!"# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # Ro'#%""
l"lo, $# &" $l "v"%+ &"&!'l l$!"v &" #l "'l" o"!#!"" # :o&!
'l! '#" %#%! l":#! $o'##!"v $ $l $"%& "% #&4#'#%!l +"%
18660 P"% '#, Co%&!"!!"# +"% 19. # $o%&!"!"! % :#$!o %!
+'o$#!"4## &o$"!#!"" o'#%&!"0
Co%!"%!l $o%&!"!!"" $"%+# 18 + #!"$ol, & +o&" + $# +"%
1866 $# #v# 1.8 + #!"$ol0 A :o&! "%lo$"! 'o+"7$#! "%!#l ./
+ #!"$ol, 7"%+ "%$l4 3 #!"$ol %o" + #&'%# # :o&! :o'l#!
# "'"! #+#o&" .2 + #!"$ol, "% !"' + 36 + #!"$ol #l v$>""
Co%&!"!!"" # #'#& %&$>"'#!0 Co%&!"!!"# +"% 19. $"%+#, "% $l 8
!"!l" #l l, &$"!"" :"!o# l# l'%!l $o%&!"!!"v #l &!#!l",
o#%"4## &" :%$!"o%## &"&!'l" l$!o#l, o#%"4## &o$"#l#, #'#!#,
7%#%$"##, #+'"%"&!#!"v#, !$0 E# "%!o+$# o &" + "%$""" +'o$#!"$,
$' # 7* +$l##!" +!"lo &" l"!#!"lo o'#%"lo, :## +o&" +
o""%# !%"$#, l"'# l"", #l"!#!# $!#!%"lo "% :#!# l"",
##%!## o"!#!"" + o"$ %#!#, "%$""l vo!l" %"vl, #l,
+"$!, ol"#!o &" &$!, "%$""l l#l"!#!""0
To! "% Co%&!"!!"# +"% 19. #v' '#" "% +7%"! principiul legalitatii si
suprematiei Constitutiei , $#$", "% #!"$oll 1/ & $"4# „ %'#" C!# +
C#!" "% &$!"%" %"! # +!l + # ;+$# $o%&!"!!"o%#l"!#!# l"lo &"
# +$l## "%#l"$#"l #$l# $# &%! $o%!# Co%&!"!!""”, "% !"' $ "%
$# +"% 1866, %'#" !# l""!o# # $>'#!# "%!!4
Co%&!"!!"#0 P"% '#, "% 19., %o'# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# +!"% lo$l &',
# 7"%+ &"o## !!o l"lo o+"%#0
I% #$#&!# Co%&!"!!" #v' '#" "% :o'l#! principiul suveranitatii
nationale, "% "'l #%+, "% +$l### &!#!l" o'#% $# &!#! %#!"o%#l,
%"!# &" "%+"v"4""l #l $#" !"!o" &! "%#l"%#"l "% "%!+"$!"# $olo%"4#""
!"!o"l" %#!"o%#l $ ol#!"" " !%"$ &!#"% "% +$l##!"# $#
!# ol"!"$# ##!"% %#!"%"", +# $# % o
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Evol!"# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # Ro'#%""
A!o"!#!# &" &!""l 'o%#>"", +v%"! +;# 'l'# # Ro'#%""
"%!"!, #7'#! "% +o'%""l "lo C#ol I &" F+"%#%+, $##!# o #
lov"!# "% #$!l + %%!# # l" C#ol l# $#l"!#!# + "%! 'o&!%"!o #l
$oo#%"0 A$&! %o #$! + %%!# +"% +$'" 19.2, '#%+ &"# $lo
+&$>"& "% 1918 &" 1919, # 4+%$"%#! "%$""l &$$&"%"" !o%l" "% l"%"$oo#!o# +"$!# "% o+"%l + "'o%"!# ##!#&$#, "%&$"& "%
#!"$oll 33 "% Co%&!"!!", #$$%!#%+ #l!## %o!"%"lo $# :o'#
#l!#+#!# "lo%l + &&!"% # 'o%#>"" $o%&!"!!"o%#l0 o$l +-#
%%!##, $#"$""l %" "%! 'o&!%"!o +$# "'l"$"! &" l#
$o'o'"!# #$!l" :%+#'%!#l0 R%%!#%+ l# !o#! %7$""l
Co%&!"!!"o%#l, C#ol, ##! "% #$l 'o'%! "% I!#l"#, & ol"# % & '#"
"%!o#$# "% !## !"' + 1/ #%", &" #!%$" %'#" $ $o%&"'!#'#%!l
&v#%l"0
L# 1 +$'v", Co%&"l" + Coo#%#, #+%#! l# S"%#"#, "l o$l#'# M">#"
"%! 'o&!%"!o0 S& l# vo!, #$!l %%!#"" l" C#ol l# +!"l + "%!
'o&!%"!o # "%!%"! +"% !o!#ll + .5 + vo!#%!", .1 + "l #l %! &"
"l % $o%!#0
I% "#%#" 19.6, "'+"#! +# "%v&!"!# l" M">#", $ !o#! :o'l
$o%&!"!!"o%#l &" l#l, $# "%! 'o&!%"!o, l F+"%#%+, $# '# #
&"!#!"" %o $#!, # #+##! % $o+"$"l l# !&!#'%!l !"%! "% &$! #%#
l# 'o#!# , "% $# l# 'o&!%" l" M">#" !o#! %"l $#
##!"%&# #%# #!%$" l" C#ol0 A$&! #$! #v# '%"# + # "%!#"
&$$&"%# l" M">#", $o%7'#%+ "%$# o+#!#, $>&!"%# "%$>" "% +ol
C#ol0
L# 12 %o"'" 19.3, l F+"%#%+, 'o#0 T"' + !" #%", +"% 19.3,
#%# "% 19/, Ro'#%"# # :o&! $o%+ + R%!#, $#! !"' l M">#" #
"%$# '"%o0
C#ol, "%, "% 19.6, +$"+ & "%!o#$# "% !##0 v%l # :o&! & "%
&"!#!"# + # #l "%! +o# #l!%#!"v* o" '%!"% "%!#%""l"!#!# #$!l"
+"% 5 "#%#" 19.6, C#ol !"%+ ##&#&$# "'+"#! !##, o" #%l#4#
#$l #$! &" % C#ol "% !o#! +!"l $ "" +$ +"% $#l"!#!# l" +
&$$&o #l !o%l", &"-l o$l#'# 0
I% #$l 'o'%! ''"" R%!" "&" +# +'"&"#, l# :l :#$ &" v%l
M#%", + #"$" !"l $o%&!"!!"o%#l "" v"% A+%#"" N#!"o%#l, $# "l
o$l#'# "%!l C#ol0
Rv%"# "% !## # "%!l" C#ol &" $## !o% % # :o&! 4l!#!l
#$!"%"" +"$! # #!"+lo &" o#'%"lo ol"!"$", $" '## lo"$# #
'#%":&!#"" +"&%&"%"lo +"%! #$&! #!"+, # $&!"" !%&"%"" &"
$o%:4"" ol"!"$0 D !o#! #$&!# # o7!#! $ #"l"!#! C#ol, "%!-%
'o'%! >o!##!o #l v"!"" Ro'#%"" "%!l"$0 Mo+l "% $# &-# & $##!$"4" +"%#&!"$ l# 8 "%" 19/ # "%&'%#! o lov"!# +#!# $o%&!"!!"" &"
1/
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Evol!"# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # Ro'#%""
"'l"$"! +'o$#!"" o'#%&!", ##!# + l# 1866 &" #%# #&!#4" "% o$&
vol!"v0
A!##%+ = &" %"" +"% o#'%"" ol"!"$" "'o!#%!", $o$>!#%+ '#%%!
+"% $l"& $ +#!#, 'o%#>l &&! $4 "% ;l o #!o%#, #l$#!"!# #+&# +"% o#'%" v%"!" +"% +"v& #!"+, $#
o## !o! '#" "%!%& "+# o"%!#"" & % "' + #!o"!#! &o%#l#
# l"0 I% #$#&!# "o#+#, Co%&!#%!"% A%!o"#% +v"% &o#%# +
"%$+ # 'o%#>l" &" $l $# "l "'"% $l '#" 'l! #$&!# & o
'o%#>" #!o"!##0
Co%&!"!!"# +"% 198 # :o&! #!"!# "% &$!, "% $#+l %" $o'"!! +
o#'%" ol"!"$" #o"#!" l" C#ol #l II-l#* I&!#! M"$&$, Co%&!#%!"%
A%!o"#%, A'#%+ C#l"%&$, >0 T#!##&$, M0 C#%$"o$ov, l
+&'%#%+ $# „'"%"&! #l $o+"7$#""” I&!#! M"$&$0
Co%&!"!!"# +"% 198 % '#" #&!# #o# %"'"$ +"% v$>"l "%&!"!!""
+'o$#!"$ "%!o+& "% Co%&!"!!""l +"% 1866 &" 19.0 E# "%&'%# #
#$!l" :%+#'%!#l # Co%&!"!!"0 Lov"!# + &!#! # !o! '#" v"+%!#,+o#$ l %
#v# +!l + # #o# o l o+"%##, $ #!#! '#" 'l! o l
:%+#'%!#l#0
No# Co%&!"!!" $o%!"%# 1// + #!"$ol, & +o&" + $l 18 #l
Co%&!"!!"" + l# 19., #v# !o! 8 !"!l", $ #$l#&" +%'"",
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Evol!"# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # Ro'#%""
R"'l #l#'%!# = +'o$#! "%&"!"! "% Co%&!"!!"# +"% 19., &!
"%lo$"! $ "'l 4%!#!"v &"'l, "% $# '"%"&!"" &%! %'"!"
+ , :## $o%&l!## #$o+l #l#'%!l"0
Co%&!"!!"# C#l"&!# $%o#&! &"
+$"4", +"";# + 'o%#>0
S '#" #+$ "'o!#%! "%&!#" #l +!"lo &" l"!#!"lo
$!#!%&!", "% &o"# +#!o""lo &" ol"#!""lo "% +:#vo##+!"lo &" "% "%&!"!"# &#v>"" &" $o%!oll" '#" !%"$
#&# #$!"v"!#!"lo &" $o'o!#'%!l" "%+"v"4"lo, +4vol!##
"'l" v%!"v0
D #&'%#, #$#&" $o%&!"!!", "%!4"$# o!l + #' l# "%!%""l
l"$ "%!o+$# +# $ 'o#!# %! #!%!#!o"" l# v"#!# :#'"l""
#l &" # +'%"!#"lo ol"!"$" v+# "+# $!#!%"" o'#% %!
$" $# & #l#!# %o $oo#!"" '"l"!# &!#"%0 I" '#" #$o+# l"
!# +l"%# + # o'l# +$! $ ! + l, &" "" +#+# "# !#!#! ol"!"$ $ #l! &!#!0
Po$#! +
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8/18/2019 192386933 Evolutia Constitutionala a Romaniei
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Evol!"# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # Ro'#%""
P!# ;+$#!o#&$# # o#%"4#!# "% #l&" 'o+, 7"%+ '%!"%! "%$"""l
o"$!"v"!#!"" &" #l"!#!"" ;&!"!"", "%#'ov""l"!#!"" ;+$#!o"lo, %#'&!$l
l" "% #+'"%"&!## ;&!"!"", "%!+"$!"# $#"" %o $o'"&"" !"%#l
l"0 D"% #$#&!# $#4#, l!# '#%%!# +"%! &"
#+# + F" # +&$>"& $#l# #4"lo, #:"l"lo &" #&"%#!lo ol"!"$
$#%+ o ##&!" "%! Coo#%# &" !##0
R:o'l "'& "% Co%&!"!!"# +"% 198 &-# o+& $ '# #"+"!#!,
#&!:l $# # :o&! "%$>"#! l# 12 "l" 1990 O "'# '#&#, l#!# l# /
'#!" 198, &!#"l# "%7"%!## Co%&"l"l" + Coo#%#, o#% '#%%! &"
&o%#l #l l",
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8/18/2019 192386933 Evolutia Constitutionala a Romaniei
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Evol!"# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # Ro'#%""
I%! 195/ = 1955 &!#!l o'#% % # #v! Co%&!"!!"0 L# . #&!, 1955,
+# "%l#!## "'l" + +"$!#!# # '#ll" Io% A%!o%&$, # :o&!
"% v"o# Co%&!"!!"# +"% 19.0
V0 Co%&!"!!""l "% "'l !o!#l"!# $o'%"&!
Ao+## ol'" $o%&!"!!"o%#l, + $#! P#!"+l Co'%"&!, +#
$$"# !"" ol"!"$, #;!# l# "%!l# 'o+#l"!#!"lo "% $# &-#
$o%&!"!"! &" +v#&"! "%&!"!!""l %ol" "' !o!#l"!#, $" &" l# +&$":##
vol!"" &"%&"o#& &" $o%!#+"$!o"" # #$&!"# & o !'o## &" :'#
l"#l"4#, '#!# #o" + #%l## !!#!# # "%$"#llo &!$!"
$o%o'"$, ol"!"$o = ;"+"$ &" $l!#l $# &-# $l#+"! „&o$"#l"&'l "%
l"!#!”, $ „:#!# '#%#”0 D #l!:l, !o#! "'"l $o'%"&!, "%$#%+
$ $l &ov"!"$, # '#%":&!#! o o$# %! l#o## &" o'l##
$o%&!"!!""lo, $o%&"+#%+-l $# 7"%+ „"+## "'l" !#"&!, "'# $o%&!"!!" # :o&! #+o!#!# "% 196,
v%"'%! $# # '#$#! &:#&"!l "o#+" vol!"o%#, +# % &" #l
l#o#"lo $o%&!"!!"o%#l0 A$#&!# % # +7%"!"v#0 S!#!l +"% Eo#
$o%&!"# &o$"#l"&'l +# 'o+ll &ov"!"$0 I# +"v&l !# #l
$o%&!""" &o$"#l"&'l" "% #$&! !#" !"# $o%$#! ;"+"$ "% #$!
:%+#'%!#l $# $!# „l#l"4##” #$&!" o$&0
I% "o#+# !o!#l"!#"&'l", "% Ro'#%"#, # :o&! l#o#! !" $o%&!"!!"" ( "%
1958, 192. &" 1962), $# '#" v"#"l# "% v"#!# &o$"!#!"" o'#%&!" 7"%+ $# +"%
1962, $# # #'#& "% v"o# % &:! + &$ol, #%# l# v%"'%!l +"%
1989, $# # & $##! "'l" $o'%"&!0 Co%&!"!!""l "o#+" &o$"#l"&!
#v# '%"# + # +ov+" „l#l"!#!#” &" „l"!"'"!#!#”"'l" ol"!"$ +"%
Ro'#%"#, #l& "% '# %o &$!"%" l$!o#l l# $# # #!"$"#!
'#;o"!#!# $!#!%"lo !#""0 P%! #$&! 'o!"v, &$!#%+ ##%! l"l
+'o$#!"" &" l#l"!#!"", "'l ol"!"$ $o'%"&! # &#l"$"!#!, !o!o+#!#
„l"!"'"!#!#” #$&!o#, 4%!#%+ = l $# "%!%"%+ #+4"%# "%+"v"4"lo
:#!# + v#lo"l &" %o'l &o$"#l"&'l", $# $ "-# '"& -&" #l"44
&$o"l o&0 A$&! &o#! + „l"!"'"!#!” # :o&! "%&o!"! + #ll
'#%%! #l "'l" l# % &! + v#lo" &" %o' $ol$!"v"&!, $'
#!"#, #!"+l, %#!"%#, o"!#!# &o$"#l"&!#, '%$# &" "%o## !o!#l# #$lo "%+"v"+#l ( l"!#!#, o"!#!#, +'%"!#!#, $o'!%!# !$0)0
A%#l"4# lo #!&!# :#!l $#, +"%$olo + "':$!"%"l + !>%"$# l"&l#!"v# &"
+ $o%!#+"$!""l "%! !'%"" !"l"4#!", #$&! $o%&!"!!"" # &#&ol"$"!#!
socialul &" # %l";#! "%+"v"+#ll, "+%!"7$#%+ "% 'o+ +l"#! &o$"!#!# $
&!#!l &" #!""%+ = " #$&!"# oll + "%&!'%! l#l + "'% #
+"$!#!"" &" +o'"%#!"" #!"+l" $o'%"&!0 Co%&!"+#! $# 4%!#%+
vointa clasei muncitoare si,ulterior, a poporului, ridicata la rangul de lege
fundamentala de organizare a societatii si statului, $o%&!"!!""l &o$"#l"&! #
4%!#!, !o!o+#!#, "%$"#ll '";lo$ + :#" # '"%!"lo &o$"#l"&! "%
!o#! +o'%""l v"!"" &o$"#l, "%* #l"$## o+"%"" %o'#!"v &o$"#l"&! &"$o%$## oll" $o%+$#!o #l #!"+l" $o'%"&! o'ov## &"
15
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8/18/2019 192386933 Evolutia Constitutionala a Romaniei
15/19
Evol!"# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # Ro'#%""
o!;## "% '";lo#$ &$"#l # o"!#!"" &o$"#l"&! + &!#! &"
$oo#!"&! "'##
&" v#lo"lo &o$"#l"&! + '%$# &" v"#!#, "% %":o'"4## &" &!#%+#+"4##
$o%+"!lo &" #$!"%"lo "%+"v"4"lo $%!#l"&' $o%o'"$, ol"!"$ &"
#+'"%"&!#!"v '#%"l## "%+"v"4"lo "% "%!'+"l !o""lo, "+olo"" &"'#&& = '+"" $o'%"&!, +l#! + !"l"4## '$#%"&'lo "%!'"#!
"%!"'"+#, +&$#;#, :o!# &" :"$#0
A+"$#%+ + l# !#+"!""l +'o$#!"" #l#'%!#, $o%&!"!!""l &o$"#l"&! #
4%!#! :o'# ;"+"$# + &o+o%# # &o$"!#!"" vo"%!" %" &"%
:o! ol"!"$ 4%!#!# + #!"+l $o'%"&!, "+"$#%+ l# #% + "%$""
$o%&!"!!"o%#l 'o%ooll #&ol! #l +$"4"" %" &"% #!"+ ol"!"$ &" :#$#%+
+"% #$!"$# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# % "!#l #l '#%":&!#"lo +"$!#!o"#l #l
v%#%!"lo $o'%"&!"0 El # :o&! l"&"! "% 7%#l + o#%"$"!#!, :$!"v"!#!
&" l"!"'"!#!, %!#%+ #l"4# o #l# &" #+v##!# "%&!"!!"o%#l"4#
#!"o%#l# &" $o%!ol#!# # o$&lo + &$>"'# &o$"#l#, %#%+ :o' +
"'o"l"&' &" $o%&v#!o"&' &o$"#l &" ol"!"$, lo$## "%"!"#!"vlo "%+"v"+#l
&" % %"vl &$#4! #l #&"#!""lo &o$"#l &" "%+"v"+#l "% &o$"!#!#
o'#%#&$#0
VI0 Co%&!"!!"# +"% 1991
P"o#+# +"$!#!"" $o'%"&! & "%$>" "% Ro'#%"# l# .. +$'" 1989, "%
'# vol!"" +$l#%! l# T"'"&o## ( 16 = ./ +$'" 1989),
$o%!"%#!# &" +v#&"!# l# B$&!", o+#!# $ :# $ll" +"$!#!o"#l &"
l## !"" + $#! :o!l +'o$#!"$0 A$&! 'o'%! 4"%!#
"%$!l "%&!##"" +'o$#!"" &" "%&!"!!""lo +'o$#!"$ +# #o# o
;'#!#! + &$ol + "' !o!#l"!# "% Ro'#%"# &" &!#"l"# +!"lo &"
l"!#!"lo :%+#'%!#l #l $!#!%"lo, "%o#! #%# #!%$" + "'l
$o'%"&!0
Rvol!"# +"% 1989 # '#$#!, !o!o+#!#, +4"%!## v$>"lo &!$!"
ol"!"$, ;"+"$ &" $o%o'"$ &o$"#l"&!, +o'"%#! + $%!#l"&',
#!o"!#"&', "o$#!" &" "'o"l"&' &" "%$!l $o%&!"!""" %o :o'
+'o$#!"$, "%!'"#! l#l"!#!, ;&!"!" &" +!#! &o$"#l#, $#
&!"'l4 "%+"v"+l &" "%"!"#!"v# #!"$l## &" ##%!l
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8/18/2019 192386933 Evolutia Constitutionala a Romaniei
16/19
Evol!"# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # Ro'#%""
P"'l #$! "%&!"!!"o%#l #l %o"" !" # :o&! $o'%"$#!l Co%&"l"l" FSN +"% ..
+$'" 19890 I%o!#%!# $o'%"$#!l" 4"+# +"% :#!l $#, +&" +#$!#!
&" l#o#! "% $o%+"!""
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8/18/2019 192386933 Evolutia Constitutionala a Romaniei
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Evol!"# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # Ro'#%""
%'# '"%"' + #l#!o" 4%!" l# %, "% '#, R:%+'l '#
# 7 +$l##! v#l#"l, "%+":%! + %'#l #l#!o"lo, &"%l l$ $#
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8/18/2019 192386933 Evolutia Constitutionala a Romaniei
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Evol!"# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # Ro'#%""
&$"!"" :"!o# l# $o%&!"!"# &" :%$!"o%## #!"+lo &"
:o'#!"%"lo ol"!"$, $#
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Evol!"# $o%&!"!!"o%#l# # Ro'#%""
$o'%"&!, "# "% $# +"% 1962, $# o$l#'# Ro'#%"# $# „l"$#
&o$"#l"&!#”, & $!#
G%$>"# o$&l" + $ol$!"v"4# # #"$l!"" H" + +"&! #
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$o%&!#%"l !o!#l"!# "'& + "'" %+'o$#!"$, '# '#"
+ '#" "%$! & +'o$#!"4#, Ro'#%"# % !# :#$
19