psihologia sectelor

12
7/26/2019 Psihologia sectelor http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/psihologia-sectelor 1/12 MINISTERUL EDUCAŢIEI ŞI CERCETĂRII ŞTIINŢIFICE UNIVERSITATEA „1 DECEMBRIE 1918”, ALBA IULIA FACULTATEA DE TEOLOGIE ORTODOXĂ TEOLOGIE PASTORALĂ PSIHOLOGIA SECTELOR Coo!o"#$o% P& D!& A'()#"!* T(o+# S$*!("$%  S'#-* M#.*/ Introducere ALBA IULIA 2016

Upload: marius-slabu

Post on 01-Mar-2018

213 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Psihologia sectelor

7/26/2019 Psihologia sectelor

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/psihologia-sectelor 1/12

MINISTERUL EDUCAŢIEI ŞI CERCETĂRII ŞTIINŢIFICEUNIVERSITATEA „1 DECEMBRIE 1918”, ALBA IULIA

FACULTATEA DE TEOLOGIE ORTODOXĂ

TEOLOGIE PASTORALĂ

PSIHOLOGIA SECTELOR 

Coo!o"#$o%P& D!& A'()#"!* T(o+# S$*!("$%

  S'#-* M#.*/

Introducere

ALBA IULIA

2016

Page 2: Psihologia sectelor

7/26/2019 Psihologia sectelor

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/psihologia-sectelor 2/12

P( 18 "o.(+-.( 1908, "o* /*$( *"/(2(3( o#+("., #!( . #. /(3$(. T(+'*'ț

Poo*'*., /4#* /."*3./ 5" 3#!*' *"(. 3((+o".. -.2#(& S(3$# (# 3o"!*/ !( #/$o*' 6.+

6o"(/, 3#( # +*.$ #'$*. !( #!( .. /.&ț

T(+'*' Poo*'*. # 7o/$ o /(3$ 5"$(+(.#$ 5" S#" F#"3./3o 5" **' #"*'*. 19 . #ș

#$#/ "*+(o . #!( .& P( #$*"3., 6.+ 6o"(/ oo:!*.# $o'(#" # ."$(#/.#', .# #!( .. /. 5.ș ț ț ț

#*$#* ( /+#"., 5. ;"(#* . '( </(#* *"(o. 'o3*. !( +*"3& P( +/* 3( o<#".2# .# /#ș ț

3( $(#, 6o"(/ # 5"3(*$ / ($."! $o$ +#. +*'$ !(:o$#+("$ . /**"(( #!( .'o /.&ș ș ț

D."3o'o !( .+#<."(# /# *-'.3 !( '.!( /..$*#' 7o#$( .*-.$ !( #!( ., #/$o*' 6o"(/ț

# 5"3(*$ /4 . 3o"/$*.#/3 5" 3#!*' /(3$(. .+#<."(# *"*. M(/.#, :(".$ 3# o -."(3*:="$#( 5"ș

+.'o3*' o#+(".'o& E' .4# !($(+."#$ ( #!( .. /. /4' :("((2( . / . /( 5"3;."( 5" 3#!*'ț ș

*"o .$*#'*. $o$ +#. /o7./$.3#$(&

S(3$# # 5"3(*$ /4. 5"<.o(2( $o$ +#. +*'$ ( 'o3*.$o.. !." S#" F#"3./3o& R*!('(

3('o #3o'# . 73(#* #(' '# #*$o.$ ., .# $("/.*"(# # #$."/ *"3$*' 3*'+."#"$ 3="! 6o"(/ț ț

#+("." # / o- ." 3*/$o!.# #/*# *"*. -.( (' !( /# ( #"., 5" 3.*!# oo2. .(. *!('o #3(/$*.#&ț ț ț ș ț

P(!.3#$o*' # /.+ .$ 3 2.'('( /(3$(. /#'( /*"$ "*+#$(, !( #3((# # ;o$=$ / /( +*$(ț

5+(*" 3* #o#( o +.( !( #!( ., 5" G*>#"#, A+(.3# !( S*!& A3o'o, .2o'# . 5" *"<'#ț ț

5"3o"*#$ !( +'# $."., #* 3o"/$*.$ # (2#(# 6o"(/$o?"&ș ș

S(3$# # $.$ 5" ('#$.: o-/3*.$#$( =" 5" 18 "o.(+-.( 1908 3="! *" <* !( --# .,ț

3#( :("./( / 3(3($(2( #3$.:.$#$(# /(3$(., #* 7o/$ *3. . ( 3="! 5"3(3#* / /(#/3ș

# (2+="$*' 3* *" #:.o", #'$*. !( 3= .:# #!( .&ș ț ț

Co":."/ 3 :# 7. #(/$#$ . *!(3#$ *-'.3 ("$* *3.!((, . 3 !($ (2*'$#$ T(+'*'ș ș

Poo*'*. /( :# /$."<(, 6.+ 6o"(/ # 3*$#$ / 3o"$o'(2( /7= .$*' /(3$(.& A #!*"#$ 5"$(#<#ș

3o+*".$#$( 5" **' '*. . # 3(*$ 7.(3(. (/o#"( / /( /."*3.! 5"$4*" #3$ *".7.3#$ !(ș

#*$o!./$*<((&

P.+*' /*"/ # 7o/$ <(/$*' *"(. 7(+(. $."(( 3#( /4# #o.#$ 3#'+ !( -o'*' 3*o$#: 3* #o+ !( 3 *". . .4# #!+."./$#$ 3o.'*'*. (. o !o2 . #o. # '*#$ (# 5"/ . o !o2,ș ș ș ș

!* 3#( /4#* # (2#$ ( 3=+ . #* +*.$ #+="!o. !* 3o":*'/.. 3#( #* !*#$ #$* +."*$(&ș ș

A* *+#$ 3* ;o$=( #' ..&ț

D( . 3= .:# !."$( #!( .. '*. 6o"(/ #* (7(#$ / 7*< 5" 'o3 / /( /**" . #' . 3= .:#ș ț ț ș ț ț

('#$(#2 3 #* (7*2#$ / .# o$#:#, /*#:.( *.$o.. /*/ ." 3 +#(# +#o.$#$( # 3('o "o*ț ț

/*$( *"/(2(3( o#+(". 3#( #* +*.$ #* 73*$4o 5" o!."( . !( -*":o.(&ș

$..'( !(/( #3(/$ (:(".+("$ #* o3#$ o '*+( 5"$(#<& T('(:.2.*"(# . 2.#('( #*Ș ș ș7*".2#$ o #:#'#" !( (o$#(, $(o.. . #"#'.2(& T.+ !( 2.'( 5"$(<., 3o":(/# .# $*$*o (#ș ș ț

2

Page 3: Psihologia sectelor

7/26/2019 Psihologia sectelor

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/psihologia-sectelor 3/12

+#3#$ !( 5"$(-. !(/( ."3.!("$% C= . +o . #* +#. </.$@ " 7o"!, 3( 73(#* (. $o3+#. 5"ț ț

A+(.3# !( S*!@ E/$( #$=$ !( <(* !( 3(2*$& C( .4# !($(+."#$ / 7#3 #/$#@

D#& C( .4# !($(+."#$ / 7#3 #/$#@ 4 .#$ 5"$(-#(# 3.$.3& C*+ *$(+ +o$.:# #3(/$(

#3$( #-/o'*$ o3#"$( !( /**"((@ C*+ /( o#$( o- ."( 3o"$o'*' $o$#' #' +." .. *+#"(ș ț ț @ . +#.Ș

#'(/, 3( /( 5"$=+' 5" +."$(# #3('o o#+(". 3#( #*"< /4 . *+(2( '.!(*' =" '# +o#$(@ș

P." #3(#/$ '*3#(, :o+ 5"3(3# / #7'+ /*"/*. '# #3(/$( 5"$(-. . / !(/'* .+ș ș

5"$4o o#(3#( +/* $#."('( +#".*'..&

L*3#(# (/$( 5+ .$ 5" !o* +#. 3#.$o'(& P.+*' 3#.$o', "*+.$ Po3(/*' !(ț

."7'*(" #(, !(/3.( 3('( $(. 3o+o"("$( 3#( #'3$*.(/3 #3(/$ o3(/, 3* ()(+'( -#2#$( (ț

/$*!..'( *"o o#+(". !( $.." & D." #' !o.'(# 3#.$o' :o+ #7'# ."7o+# .. !(/( 7('*' 3*+ș ț ț

'.!(.. /(3$('o o- ." 3o"$o'*' #/*# +." .. *"*. o+&ț ț

Procesul de influen areț

3

Page 4: Psihologia sectelor

7/26/2019 Psihologia sectelor

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/psihologia-sectelor 4/12

S$*!.((# +(3#"./+('o !( +#".*'#( #$=$ '# ".:(' ."!.:.!*#', 3=$ . '# ".:('*' *"o ș

+#. <**. !( o#+(". # #$#$ 3 o3(/*' !( ."7'*(" #( #( $(. . ."3.#'(ț ț %

+o!.7.3#(# 3o+o$#+("$*'*., ."$(<#(# 5"$4*" <* . ."!*3((# /("$.+("$*'*. !( /**"((ș

"(3o"!. .o"#$ 7# !( o #*$o.$#$(&ț ț

E)(.+("$('( !." !o+(".*' /.;o'o<.(. /o3.#'( #* !(+o"/$#$ 3, 5" 3('( +#. +*'$(

3#2*., #$*"3. 3="! *" ."!.:.! (/$( "(:o.$ / /*"! *"(. #"*+.$( /.$*# .. /o3.#'(, ('ț

(#3 .o"(#2 !." (7'(), 3o"7o+ ."7o+# .(. #3*+*'#$( 5" /*-3o" $.("$*' /*& A3 .o"="!ț ț ș ț

#/*# /*-3o" $.("$*'*., +#".*'#$o.. (* (/3 / o- ." #o#( 5"$o$!(#*"# (#3 ..'( !o.$(ș ș ț ț

!." #$(# o#+(".'o, 7 3# #3( $.# /4 . !(# /(#+# 3 /*"$ ."7'*(" # .&ș ș ț ț

P("$* o 5" ('(<(( +#. -*" # 3('o $(. . #'( o3(/*'*. !( ."7'*(" #( (/$(ț ț ț

"(3(/# (2("$#(# *"o ()(.+("$( 7o#$( /.+'(, !# 3* o ('(:#" #-/o'*$&ț

" /$*!.((# $(;".3.'o !( +o!.7.3#( /*-$.' # 3o+o$#+("$*'*., 7 3# 3(' +#".*'#$

/4 . !(# /(#+#, *" <* !( 3(3($$o. .4# ."/$*.$ ( /$*!(" .. *"(. 3'#/( !( /.;o'o<.( /ș ț

()(.+("$(2( +($o!# ( o.*' 'o o7(/o& A/$7(', 5" $.+ 3( o7(/o*' 5 . ."(# 3*/*'ș ț

+. 3="!*4/( /( #$(# /$="< # 3'#/(., /$*!(" .. 2=+-(#* . (#* +*'$ +#. #$(" . '# /*/('(ș ț ș ț

'*.& " +o+("$*' 5" 3#( o7(/o*' /( !('#/# 3$( #$(# !(#$ # 3'#/(., /$*!(" .. (#*ț

 '.3$./. ., ..$# . /#* "(#$(" .& D* +#. +*'$( 3*/*., o7(/o*' # 5"3(*$ / (7(( !o# ț ț ț

 #$(# /$="< # 3'#/(. ("$* #4 . ."( 3*/*.'(, .# 3=$(:# 2.'( +#. $=2.* /4# o-. "*.$ /ș ț ș

:o-(#/3 /.."$ '(( !( (($('( !." /$="<# 3'#/(.&

"/ #/(3$*' (/(" .#' *+(#2 .+(!.#$& C;.# . !* 3( /$*!(" .. #* (:(".$ '#ț ș ț

3o+o$#+("$*' 'o "o+#', o7(/o*' # 3o"$."*#$ /4 . ." 3*/*.'( !o# 5" #$(# /$="< #ș ț

3'#/(.&& "$(-#$ !( o#+(".. !( $.." !(/( 3o+o$#+("$*' /*, # (#3 .o"$ o#(3*+ 3*ș ț ț

..$#(, /*/ ."="! 3 # # (!# (' !."$o$!(#*"#, 3 #3('# (# /$.'*' /* (/o"#', 3 "* . /( (#ț ș

!('o3 3.*!#$ /4 . ." ('(<(.'( (2(+#$ !( (($('( !." #$(# /$="< # 3'#/(.& " +o! 3'# ('ș ț

"* 3o" $.("$.2# 7#$*' 3 # 7o/$ 5"7'*(" #$ !( o3*' /$*!(" .'o '*.ș ț ț 1&

Co"3'*2.# ()(.+("$*'*. ##$ 3 "("*+#$( 3##3$(./$.3. 3o+o$#+("$#'( 5. /*"$ ."!*/(*"(. (/o#"( 5" *+# (/.*".. ()(3.$#$( (+#"("$ #/*# /# !( 3(. !." *, !( $#!. ..,ț

o-.3(.*., *$."(&

" #3(/$ +o! #*"<(+ '# 3(# !(4# !o*# 3##3$(./$.3 # o3(/*'*. !( ."7'*(" #(, 3(# #ț

."$(<.. $o$#'( # *"(. (/o#"( 5"$4*" <*&&

U" ()(+'* 3#( !(+o"/$(#2 3=$ !( *$(".3 . /*-$.', (/$( ."7'*(" # (<*'.'o ș ț

<**'*. #/*# *"(. (/o#"( 5' ((2."$ *"*' !."$( (./o#!('( /(.#'*'*. !( $('(:.2.*"(

1 Bo<!#" F.3(#3 , Tehnici de manipulare, B*3*( $., E!.$*# N(+.#, 1, #<& 10ș

4

Page 5: Psihologia sectelor

7/26/2019 Psihologia sectelor

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/psihologia-sectelor 5/12

„C#+(# #/3*"/”& O<#".2#$o.. #* $.+./ *" <* !( 3= .:# 3($ (". / ."$( 5" '.7$*' *"(.ț ț

."/$.$* .. . /4' o3*( 5" # # 7(' 5"3=$ / "* +#. 7.( 'o3 5"*"$* !(3=$ ("$* o /."<*ț ș ș

 (/o#", #o. / /$(# 3* /#$('( '# * ( $o$ $.+*' !('#/.. #/3("/o*'*.& D* $(+."#(#ș

##"#+("$*'*., 3#+(# #/3*"/ # 5"(<./$#$ 3o+o$#+("$*' (/o#"('o ."o3("$( 3#( ."$#*

5" '.7$, #'$*. !( <**' +#".*'#$o.'o&

L# 5"3(*$, 7.(3#( (/o#" (# :.2.-.' /*."/ !( 3o+o$#+("$*' "(o-. "*.$ #'ș

3('o !."*"$*, +#".7(/$# o /$#( #33("$*#$ !( !./3o"7o$, /( #<.$#, 5"3(3# / +=", $o$* .,ș

3* 7# # '# * , #o. /( 5"$o3(# 5"$4o #$(, $o$ +#. +*'$, .# '# !(/$."# .( (# #o#(ț ș ț

5"$o$!(#*"# 3* /#$('( '# * , '# 7(' 3# $o . 3(.'#' .& "$4*" /."<* 3#2, *" $=" /4# #<.$#$ș ț ț

 (+#"("$, !# # (2./$#$ (o.3 !( # /( /**"( (<*'.. !( <*& D* 3( # .( .$ !." #/3("/o,ș

/$#(# !( $("/.*"( 5. (# #$=$ !( +#( 5"3=$ # /.+ .$ "(:o.# /4 . #."! o .<#ț ș ț &

Co"3'*2..'( #3(/$*. ()(.+("$ /3o$ 5" (:.!(" (7.3.(" # *"(. #'$( #+( !( ."7'*(" #( !(/ț ț ț

5"$='".$ 5" o<#+('( /(3$('o% ."3..*' !o:(2.. /o3.#'(& A3(/$ ."3..* /*/ ."( 3 *"*'ț

!."$( +.'o#3('( ( 3#( '( 7o'o/.+ ("$* # /$#-.'. 3( o#$( 7. 3o"/.!(#$ 3o(3$ (/$( / #7'+

3( 3(! #' . o#+(". 3 (/$( 3o(3$& P(3((+ *" 3o+o$#+("$ 3# 7.."! 3o(3$ 5"$4o #"*+.$ț

/.$*# .( 5" +/*# 5" 3#( 5. :(!(+ . ( #' .. 3 o3(!(#2 '# 7('& C* #$=$ +#. +*'$, #$*"3.ț ș ț

3="! /*"$(+ "(/.<*. ( "o., 3="! /.$*# .# (/$( "(3'# /#* #+-.<*, 3="! !o+"( $(ț ș

."3($.$*!."(#, (/$( +#. o-#-.' / "( *.$+ 5" * . / #33($+ #3 .*".'( #'$o# 3# 7.."!ș ț

3o(3$(&

" .:." # /**"(.. 7# !( #*$o.$ ., # $(.# 3o+o"("$ # o3(/*'*. !( ."7'*(" #(, 3('(ț ț ț ț

+#. ('o3:("$( /*"$ ()(.+("$('( '*. S$#"'(> M.'<#+& C# o 3o"3'*2.( .+o$#"$ # /$*!..'o 

/#'(, "* $(-*.( *.$#$ 3 M.'<#+ /3.#% „E/(" # /**"(.. 3o"/$ 5" 7#$*' 3 o (/o#" #*"<(ț

/ /( 3(#! ( /."( 5"/ . 3# 7.."! *" ."/$*+("$ #' 5"!('."... !o." ('o . o!."('o *"(. #'$(ș ț ș

 (/o#"(& D($ *+#(, "* /( +#. 3o"/.!( (/o"/#-.' !( o..'( /#'( #3 .*".”ț &

E7(3$('( #3(/$*. o3(/ !( ."7'*(" #( !*3, $($#$, '# /**"((# $o$#' # (/o#"(. !(o#(3(ț

+#".*'#$o.. (* (/3 5" 3('( !." *+ / *" /$=".( ( 3o+o$#+("$*', <="!.(# .ș ș

/("$.+("$('( o+*'*.&

Controlul total asupra individului

2 I-.!(+, #<& 18

3 Ro-($ C.#'!.". , Psihologia persuasiunii, B*3*( $., E!.$*# B*/."(// T(3; I"$("#$.o"#' P(//,ș

, #<& 1

4 Bo<!#" F.3(#3, o& 3.$&, #<& 19

5

Page 6: Psihologia sectelor

7/26/2019 Psihologia sectelor

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/psihologia-sectelor 6/12

C="! :o-.+ !(/( 3o"$o'*' $o$#' #/*# *"*. o+ "( (7(.+ '# 3o"$o'*' $o$#' #/*#

+o!*'*. /* !( <="!.(, #/*# 3o+o$#+("$*'*. . #/*# /("$.+("$('o /#'(&ș

E/(" # 3o"$o'*'*. $o$#' #/*# *"*. ."!.:.! #( 5" :(!(( #"*'#(# /("$.+("$*'*. !(ț

."!(("!(" # #3(/$*.#, /("$.+("$ 3( '4# *$(# 5+."<( / <="!(#/3, /4 . 3((2( o.*'ț ș

/./$(+ !( :#'o. . / .# !(3.2.. !( *"*' /."<*& P("$* 3# +."$(# o#+(".'o / 7.( */ /*-ș

3o"$o' $o$#', $(-*.( 3# (. / /( /.+$ 3*7*"!# . 5" #"o".+#$*' +#/('o !( +#"(:, / 7.(ț

 (+#"("$ !(("!(" . !( /./$(+*' !( <="!.( #' <**'*. !." 3#( 7#3 #$( . / /( /**"ț ș

."/$."3$.: *"(. #*$o.$ .&ț

"#."$( !( /$*!.((# 3('o $(. 3o+o"("$( #'( (7o+.. 3o+'($( # *"(. (/o#"(,

(/$( "(3(/# ."$o!*3((# *"*. "o* 3o"3($, #"*+( !./o"#" # 3o<".$.:&ț

R("*+.$*' /.;o'o< /o3.#', L(o" F(/$."<(, # 73*$ "*+(o#/( /$*!.. !(/( 3o"7'.3$*'

."$(.o 3( ##( #$*"3. 3="! *" # .o"#+("$, o $.( /#* *" #3$ !( 3o+o$#+("$ :."( 5"ț

oo2. .( 3* 3('('#'$( !o*& I!("$.$#$(# *"*. (/o#"( (/$( 7o+#$ !." 5+-."#(# #+o".o#/ #ț

<="!..., /("$.+("$('o . #3 .*".'o /#'(& O+*' o#$( /*o$# "*+#. !./3(#" ('( +."o( 5"$(ș ț ț

3('( $(. 3o+o"("$( #'( .!("$.$ .. '*.& " +o+("$*' 3="! ##( o !./3(#" +#o, o+*'ț ț

#( o /("2# .( 7o#$( *$(".3 !( !./3o"7o$, 3((# 3( ((2."$ț disonan a cognitivăț &

"$o$!(#*"# 3="! "( (/$( 7o#+(, +="3+, ("$* # "( /#$./7#3( #3(#/$ "(:o.(

7.2.o'o<.3& "$o$!(#*"# 3="! "( (/$( /($(, 5"3(3+ / -(+ 3(:#& L# 7(', 5"$o$!(#*"# 3="!

(/.+ .+ *" #"*+.$ !./3o"7o$ /.;.3, 5"3(3+ /4' (!*3(+ /#* 3;.# /4' #".;.'+& P("$* #ț

7. 3##-.'. !( #3(/$ '*3*, F(/$."<( "( o7( *" ()(+'* <("(#' 5" 3o"3'*2..'( /$*!.*'*. /*%

„D#3 *"(. (/o#"( . /( +o!.7.3 #3$('( 3o+o$#+("$#'(, #$*"3. <="!.(# . /("$.+("$('(ș

/#'( /( :o +o!.7.3# 5" /("/*' +.".+#'.2.. !./o"#" (.”ț &

C* #'$( 3*:."$(, 5"$o$!(#*"# 3="! *"(. (/o#"( 5. (/$( ."!*/ /3;.+-#(# *"(.# !"$(

3('( $(. 3o+o"("$( #'( .!("$.$ .. /#'(, (' . '( :# +o!.7.3# ."/$."3$.: ( 3('('#'$( !o*, ("$*ț ș

# "* +#. #:(# /("2# .# #3*$ !( !./3o"7o$ /.;.3&ț

P("$* # 5" ('(<( 3=$ +#. -."( +(3#"./+*' !(3'#" #$ !( !./o"#" # 3o<".$.:, /( .+*"(ț ș ț

/ !+ 3=$(:# ()(+'( /.+'( !." :.# # "o#/$ 3o$.!.#"&ț

S "( .+#<."+ 3 7.(3#( !."$( "o. #:(+ o-.3(.*' 7*+#$*'*.& " *+# 3.$...

#:($./+("$('o .:."! "o3.:.$#$(# #3(/$*. :.3.*, .:."! #$# 5"#'$ !( 3#"3( *'+o"# 5"

="!*' 7*+$o.'o, 5"$( o-.3(.*' !( # 7*+# . <="!.(# "o#/$ ##( *" 3o"7'.3$& M."$(# "( :#ș

/*<(# 7#$*' 3 !#3 :o+ 3o"$."*# / 7*++ ()./$ ./3*' o$(" .#' !( # !(2:o'$# 3#"3( /#*ț

!( # "( .3o/. 3* #'$( o-'(+( <#:( !( /"$#$(, ()./$="!, # # 3*+ #+ /*/, *" 3o"7'.3$ș

5 I-.!(+, #<& 19

6

Page 7: Psihologia sectelor

7/26/2019 Psihologia sectelor

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/psihologia-sectelor 7/12

5"$( 3((# 3( 7#3(+ . 3((# 3( <="!.+& P("$* # /3# !( #3(/$ 3o"7'.3$, #:(+ !o* :#.#"$(%ș

o. ("*" + '# #3(/$ :.3.*, o. "( #!#$+ <="!.(# #3(/$*. 3o+o$#+("$, 5" /("/*' </...ț

*"o */$.7.3.& D( 3('( +#. +*'$( o. /*"$(+ $("$# . / o$+ ("$* 3(# !(4# !o*# :#.#"$ .ț ș

#*"<(+ / "( /*"(+ 3, !( 7#$, /$#$./$.3.'( .:."! 3#"3(*' "* /*"$ 3o":."<$o#(, /#* 3

:o+ 7. 7(. . !( (.3o' !#3 7*++ .<. 3* 7.'$*, o. :o+ </. ()(+'( */$.7.3#$.:( !(ț ț

<("*'% Uite-l i pe nea Ion, are nouăzeci de ani, fumează câte un pachet de igări pe zi de laș ț 

 pai pe ani i n-are nici pe naibaș ș &&&D#3 #!#$#(# <="!... "* (/$( /*7.3.("$, :o+ 5"3(3# /

"( #!#$+ . /("$.+("$('(, 7.."! 7(+ 3o":." . 3 o .<# "( :# o!*3( #$=$ !( +*'$ '3((ș ș ț

5"3=$ +(.$ / "( /#3.7.3+ 3(:# $.+ !." :.# ("$* (#& P("$* 3(. 3#( "* 7*+(#2, #3(/$(ț

 */$.7.3. # /$*.!(& D# ("$* 7*+$o. ('( !(:." 3o":."<(. !( "(5":."/& . $o3+#. (Ș

3(#(# *"o #/(+("(# 3o":."<(. /( -#2(#2 /$#$(<.# *-'.3.$# # +#.'o 3o+#"..

 o!*3$o#( !( .<.&ț

S 5"3(3+ *" #'$ ()(+'* +#. /.+'*& S "( .+#<."+ 3 :(+ / "( 3*++ o

+# ."& D* +#. +*'$( :.2.$( ." +#<#2."('( /(3.#'.2#$(, "( !(3.!(+ / 3*++ *"ș

#"*+.$ +o!('& D* 3( #+ '$.$ +# ."#, 5" /*-3o"/$.("$*' "o/$* ##( o 3o"$#!.3 .( 5"$(ș ț

#3$*' !( 3*+#( ( 3#( $o3+#. '4#+ (7(3$*#$ . <="!*' 3 #+ 7. *$*$ </. 3(:# +#. -*",ș

o. /("$.+("$*' 3 #'$( +o!('( # 7. $o$* . +#. 7*+o#/(& T($#$, ("$* # !.+."*# (7(3$*'ș

!./o"#" (., :o+ #*"<( / 3(!(+ 3 +# ."# ( 3#( #+ 3*+#$4o (/$( 3(# +#. 7*+o#/ .ț ș ș

3(# +#. (7o+#"$& C;.# !#3 o (/o#" #o.#$ # 5"3(3# / "( !(+o"/$(2( 3

#'(<((# # 7o/$ <( .$, "o. "*4' :o+ #/3*'$# /#* :o+ 3*$# #<*+("$( ." 3#( /4.ș

!(+o"/$+ 3 +o!('*' 3*+#$ !( "o. (/$( 3(' +#. -*"& D#3 #<*+("$('( "* /$#* 5"

 .3.o#(, :o+ *"( ."$(:(" .# (/o#"(. #o.#$(, (:.!("$, ( /(#+# .":.!.(.&ț

C# o 3o"3'*2.(, $(-*.( / /*-'.".(+ 7#$*' 3, !#$o.$ 7("o+("*'*. !( !./o"#" ț

3o<".$.:, o- ."((# 3o"$o'*'*. $o$#' #/*# *"*. o+ "* (/$( 3o"!. .o"#$ !( ()(3.$#(#ț ț

 (/.*".'o, 3* #3((# . ."$("/.$#$(, . #/*# <="!... o+*'*., . #/*# /("$.+("$('o '*., .ș ș ș ș

#/*# 3o+o$#+("$*'*. /*& A/$7(', '.!(.. /(3$('o o$ #3 .o"# !o# #/*# *"(.# !."$( 3('(ț

$(. 3o+o"("$( #'( .!("$.$ .. *"(. (/o#"(, 3('('#'$( !o* +o!.7.3="!*4/( !( '# /."( 5"ț

7*"3 .( !( 3(# /3;.+-#$& C* #'$( 3*:."$(, +#( $.. 5" +#".*'#( o:o#3 5" +o! ."$(" .o"#$ț ș ț

!./o"#" ( 3o<".$.:(, ("$* # 7#3( +*'$ +#. (7.3.("$ . +#. #.! o3(/*' !( ."7'*(" #(&ț ș ț

O!#$ /$*!.#$ .+o$#" # 7("o+("*'*. !( !./o"#" , / (:(".+ '# #"#'.2#(# 3('o ț ț

$(. .'o". #. o- ."(.. 3o"$o'*'*. $o$#' #/*# *"(. (/o#"(% 3o"$o'*' 3o+o$#+("$*'*.,ț

3o"$o'*' <="!... . 3o"$o'*' (+o ..'o /#* /("$.+("$('o&ș ț

Controlul comportamentului /( (7( '# 3o"$o'*' (#'.$ .. 7.2.3( 5" 3#( $.( $( o (/o#"&ț ș

" #3(/$ /("/, 3o"!*3$o.. /(3$('o /( #)(#2 #/*# $.*'*. !( 'o3*." #' (/o#"(., # 7('*'*.ț

7

Page 8: Psihologia sectelor

7/26/2019 Psihologia sectelor

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/psihologia-sectelor 8/12

5" 3#( #3(#/$# /( 5+-#3, # "*+*'*. +(!.* #' o('o !( /o+", # 7('*'*. +*"3.. ( 3#( o

 (/$(#2, . 5" <("(#', #/*# $*$*o #3 .*".'o (.&ș ț

P.+*' #/ 5' 3o"/$.$*.( #'3$*.(# *"*. o<#+ 2.'".3 7o#$( /$.3$, :#'#-.' ("$* $o .ț

+(+-.. <**'*.& " 7.(3#( 2., o.3( #3$.:.$#$( !( 5"!o3$."#( . 5"!('.".( # *"o .$*#'*.ș

#( #'o3#$ *" #"*+.$ ."$(:#' !( $.+& F.(3(. (/o#"( . /( !#* /#3.". /(3.7.3(, # 3o 

(2o':#( 5. o3* 3(# +#. +#( #$( # $.+*'*.& " 3#!*' /(3$('o !./$*3$.:(, o+*' #(

5"$o$!(#*"# 3(:# !( 73*$& E' "* /( o#$( #-#$( !( '# (<*'. ("$* 3 $.( 3 (/$( #/.-.' !(ș

 (!(#/&

" *"('( /(3$( ()$(+./$(, o#+(".. /*"$ #!* . =" 5" 7#2# *"(. !(("!(" ( $o$#'( 7# ș ț ț

!( '.!(.& E. /*"$ "(:o. . / 3(# (+./.*"(# ("$* #-/o'*$ o.3(& T(-*.( / 3(# -#".ț

 ("$* #*$o-*2, ("$* ;#."(, ("$* # *$(# !# *" $('(7o" *!('o, ("$* # /( !*3( '# !o3$o 

($3& F.(3#( o !." :.# (/$( !(!.3#$ ("$* *" #"*+.$ '*3*, 3o"7o+ ."!.3# ..'o '.!(.'o ț ț

/#* 3* #o-#(# 'o& P("$* # (:.$# +#".7(/$.'( !( ."/*-o!o"#(, o#+(".. /*"$ #!* . 5"$4oș

/$#( !( !(("!(" 7."#"3.# 7# !( '.!(*' 'o& " #3(/$ 7(', !#3 "* /( /**" o!."('o .ț ț ș

(<*'#+("$('o, (. "* +#. #* #"/( !( /*#:.( *.( 7.2.3&ș ț

O #'$ +($o! !( !($(+."#( # 3o+o$#+("$*'*. (/$( .+*"((# *"o (<*'. 3#( /4'

/$.+*'(2( ( ."!.:.! / /( ."$(<(2( <**'*., / "* #.- /("2# .# *"(. .!("$.$ . o.., 3( '4# ț ț

 *$(# .+."<( /( ().+#(# *"o o.".. (/o"#'(& " 3#!*' /(3$('o, o#+(".. /*"$ * . /ș

+"="3( 5+(*", / '*3(2( 5+(*", / #.- 3=$ +#. +*'$( 5"$='".. !( <* . 3;.# /ș

!o#+ 5" +#. !o+.$o#( 3o+*"(& A/$7(', ."!.:.!*#'./+*' (/$( !(/3*##$ 3* o.3( ( &ț

" *"('( /(3$(, #!( .. /*"$ /** . +*'$o .$*#'*. 3#( #* 3# /3o 3(#(# *"*. #"*+.$ț ș

<(" !( 3o+o$#+("$, 3#(, !( #/(+("(#, #$#<( !* /."( (7o+#(# <="!... . #ș

/("$.+("$('o& U" 7o/$ +(+-* #' /(3$(. MOON 5 . #+."$( $( 3 =" . o-.3(.*. o.("$#'(ș ș ș

+."o( (3*+ !(/3' #$*' '# ."$#(# 5"$*4" 3("$* !( +(!.$# .(, 5"<("*"3;((# .ț ț ș

 '(33.*".'( 5" 7# # 3('o +#. 5" :=/$ 5' 73(#* / /( /.+$ !(o/(-.$ !( (/$*' '*+.., / #.- *"ț

/("$.+("$ !( ('#)#( . +*' *+.( !( /."(&ș ț

L.!(.. 3#./+#$.3. #. /(3$('o /*"$ 3o" $.(" . 3 "* o$ 3o"$o'# <="!*.'( #/3*"/( #'(ș ț

#!( .'o& D# $.* 7o#$( -."( 3*+ / '( 3o+#"!( 3o+o$#+("$*', ("$* 3# <="!.(# .ț ș ș

(+o ..'( / /( 3o"7o+(2( !( '# /."( #3(/$*.#&ț

Controlul gândirii /( (7( '# 5"!o3$."#(# o#+(".'o 5"$4o +#".( o7*"!, 5"3=$

(. / #33($( "(3o"!. .o"#$ .!(o'o<.# <**'*., / #!o$( 5" +o! "o+#' "o*' '.+-# . / 5 .ț ș ș

7o+(2( (7'()*' !( # (/."<( o.3( <="! ($*-#$o& P("$* # /( /.+ . +(+-* 7.!(' #' *"(.ț

/(3$(, o+*' #*"<( / 5 . +#".*'(2( 3;.# o.# <="!.(&ș

8

Page 9: Psihologia sectelor

7/26/2019 Psihologia sectelor

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/psihologia-sectelor 9/12

Co"!*3$o.. /(3$('o 3((#2 5"$o$!(#*"# *" '.+-# o.* <**'*., #'3$*.$ !."

3*:."$( . ()(/.. /(3.7.3(, ("$* 3 '.+-#*' *"( '# !./o2. .# <="!... /.+-o'*.'( 3* 3#(ș ț

#3(#/$# o((#2& " #3(/$ 7(', 3o"$o'="! '.+-#*', /( o#$( 3o"$o'# . <="!.(#& M#o.$#$(#ș

/.$*# ..'o /*"$ 3o"!("/#$( . (!*/( '# /.+'( 3'. (( :(-#'(, 3( #$#< !* ('( 7o+#(# *"o ț ș ș

3'. (( !( <="!.(&ș

C'. (('( :(-#'( . 3('( !( <="!.( #* o'*' !( #4. /(## ( +(+-.. /(3$('o !( (/$*'ș ș

'*+..& P." #3$.3#(# *"*. '.+-# o.*, /(3$#" .. /( /.+$ /*(.o., #'( . . o/(/o. #.ț ș ș

#!(:*'*. #-/o'*$& " #3('# . $.+, 3'. (('( :(-#'( #* o'*' . !( #4. !(*$# ( "o.. :(". .&ș ș ș ț

A3( $.# #* .+(/.# 3 /(3$#" .. #* #*"/ '# o 5" ('(<(( /*(.o# # 7("o+("('o :.( .., 3ș ț ț ț

 ("$* # !(:(". '# 7(' 3# (. $(-*.( #3*/( ". $( $($( .". .#$.3(, 3#( / !(/3;.! "o. o . #'(ș ț ț

3*"o# $(.. . 3 :o 7. "(3(/#. #". 5"$(<. ("$* # #*"<( '# #!(:*' #-/o'*$& " (#'.$#$(,ș ș

5": ="! '.+-#*' /(3$(. . #$.3.="! '# .$*#'*.'( .". .#$.3(, 5"3($o.. :o 5": # *" /."<* ț ș ț ț

'*3*% 3*+ / "* <="!(#/3& E. :o 5": # 3 #!(:#$# 3*"o# $(( 5"/(#+" 3(!." # $o$#' 5"ț ș ț

.!(o'o<.# /(3$(.&

O #'$ 3o+o"("$ .+o$#"$ # 3o"$o'*'*. <="!... (/$( 7o+#(# (7'()('o +("$#'(

#'( ."!.:.!*'*. !( # (/."<( o.3( <="! 3#( /4# o*"( .!(o'o<.(.& "$o$!(#*"# !o3$."# .ș

3o"!*3$o*' /*"$ +#. (/*/ !( o.3( 5"!o.#'& Po3(/*' ."!*3(.. *"o #/$7(' !( (7'()(

+("$#'( #( +#. +*'$( ($#(& " .+# 7#2 /( #'.3 "(<#(# $o$#' # .!(.'o ."3o(3$( .ș

3("2*#(# !#/$.3 # ."7o+# ..'o :(".$( !." ()$(.o& T($#$, o+*' #*"<( 5" /.$*# .# !( #4 .ț ț ș

7o+# (' 5"/* . *" "o* +o! !( <="!.(& Ao. "* :# +#. <="!., 3. :# 3*$# +((* */$.7.3.ș

 ("$* 3((# 3( /( ."$=+' 5" **' '*.&

 N(*$." # #!( .'o !( # # .o"# 3o(3$ 5. .:(#2 !( /..$ 3.$.3, #!.3 !( 3##3.$#$(#ț ț ț

!( # !./$."<( #!(:*' !( (o#(, !( # 7o+*'# o *!(3#$ (3./& 6*!(3 .'( ( 3#( '( #33($ț

"* /*"$ !(3=$ *!(3 . .+*/(, ".3.o!#$ *!(3 . ('#-o#$( . /$*3$*#$( !( (.&ț ț ș

C(#(# (7'()('o +("$#'( #( !($ ."$ #!*3((# o#+(".'o 5" /.$*# .# !( # (/."<( !." /$#$ț ț

o.3( .!(( 3#( :."( 5" 3o"$#!.3 .( 3* !o3$."# /(3$(., o.3( 3.$.3 '# #!(/# '.!(.'o /#* #ț

<**'*.& A3(/$( $.*. !( o#+(". +#.o"($( :o 7. ."3##-.'. / # .o"(2( 3* !($# #(, /ț ș

(:#'*(2( . / ."$(($(2( o-.(3$.: /.$*# ..'( /o3.#'(& R.<.!.$#$(# <="!... 'o 5. :# 5+.(!.3# /ș ț

/( #"<("(2( 3;.# . 5" 3(' +#. -#"#' /3;.+- !( o."..& C((# 3( (/$( +#. <#: (/$( 7#$*' 3ș

/(3$#" .. :o 7. '# 7(' !( 7(+ 3o":." . 3 $o . 3(. 3#( "* #* #3('(# . .!(. 3# (. '( /*"$ț ș ț ș

!* +#". !( +o#$(&ș

6 G*/$#:( L( Bo" , Psihologia mul imilor ț  , B*3*( $., E!.$*# ANTET XX PRESS, , #<& ș

9

Page 10: Psihologia sectelor

7/26/2019 Psihologia sectelor

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/psihologia-sectelor 10/12

A/(+("(# (7'()( +("$#'( !( 5"'$*#( # o.3*. <="! *, # o.3(. 5"!o.('. /#*

."3($.$*!.". ((2."$ 3(# +#. !.(3$ 3#'( !( # *( *" o+ !( (#'.$#$(& P("$* (' !o3$."#

<**'*. :# 7. (7(3$, 3o"!*3$o.. :o 7. (7(3 ., .# $o#$( '*3*.'( ('( 3( . /( :o 5"$=+'#ț

:o 7. "*+#. !." :."# '*.&

Controlul sentimentelor  (/**"( +#".*'#(# (+o ..'o *"*. o+ . (/$="<((#ț ș

3=$ +#. +*'$ o/.-.' # /(3$*'*. /* /("$.+("$#'& V."o: .# . 7.3# /*"$ !o* ."/$*+("$(ț ș

#-/o'*$ "(3(/#( ("$* # ."( o#+(".. /*- 3o"$o'& M#".*'#(# /("$.+("$*'*. !( :."o: .( !ț ț

3('( +#. -*"( (2*'$#$( ("$* 3*7*"!#(# '*. 5" #"o".+#$, !# . ("$* ."!*3((# /**"(..ș

"(3o"!. .o"#$( 7# !( #*$o.$ .&ț ț ț

" 3#!*' /(3$('o, /( 3o"$o'(#2 7o#$( ."$("/ o#+(".. ." :."# /o3.#'& A3(#/$#

3o"/$ 5" 3*'#-.'.2#(# <("(#' # o#+(".'o ("$* $o#$( ('('( ()./$("$( 5" /o3.($#$(& P."

."!*3((# #3(/$*. /("$.+("$ !( :."o: .(, o+*' (/$( !($(+."#$ /4 . +.".+#'.2(2( o..'(ț ș

/#'( o-'(+( . ."3($.$*!.". . / "* +#. !(# #$(" .( 5"!o.('.'o '# #!(/# 3('o 3#( 5' 3o"!*3&ș ș ț

S( #*"<(, #/$7(', '# -'#+#(# #!( .'o ("$* $o#$( ('('( !." /o3.($#$(, 3;.# . ("$* 3('(ț ș

.o$($.3(& E. /*"$ 73* . /*"2$o. ("$* $o#$( 3#$('( o+("...& B."(5" ('(/, 3# /4 . /('(ț ț ș

<( ('.'(, $(-*.( / 3(#! ."$("/ 5" '.!(*' 'o /..$*#', 3#( '( #!*3( .($#(# =" '# *+&ș

F.3# (/$( *" #'$ /("$.+("$ *$.'.2#$ ( /3# '#< ("$* +#".*'#(# #!( .'o *"(.ț

/(3$(& O#+(".. /*"$ #:($.2# . (+#"("$ #/*# (.3o'*'*. ((2("$#$ !( 7o ('( !." ()$(.o,ț ț

3#( #3 .o"(#2 3o"$."** ("$* # !(2+(+-# . # !./$*<( /(3$#, #3(/$( 7o ( 7.."!, 5" 3('( +#.ț ș ț

+*'$( 3#2*., #*$o.$ .'( /$#$*'*. /#* /'*.$o.. !.#:o'*'*.& O+*' $(-*.( +(" ."*$ (+#"("$ț ț

5"$4o /$#( !( 7.3, ("$* # "* #:(# $.+ / <="!(#/3&

A'$( !o* /("$.+("$( *$.'.2#$( ."$("/ !( +#".*'#$o. /*"$ 'o.#'.$#$(# . !(:o$#+("$*'&ș

U" *.# /./$(+ !( o#<#"! (/$( */ 5" +. 3#( ("$* #4' 7#3( ( o+ /4 . 3#"#'.2(2(ș ș ș

/("$.+("$('( "(<#$.:( "*+#. 3$( 3(. !." #7## <**'*.& N* (/$( #!+./ ".3.o 3.$.3 '#

#!(/# !o3$."(. /#* # '.!(.'o, 3. !o# '# #!(/# 3('o 3#( #* 3o"3( .. o$.:".3( <*..& D(ț

#/(+("(#, #*$o3.$.3# (/$( 5"3*##$ !o# ("$* -'#+#(# o.3(. $("!." ( !( "(/**"((ț

7# !( .!(o'o<.( /#* 7# !( 5"!(+"*.'( 3o"!*3$o.'o& P("$* 5"3*##(# /("$.+("$*'*. !(ț ț

3*7*"!#( 5" #"o".+#$, 3( #$#<( !* /."( o-(!.(" # "(3o"!. .o"#$ 7# !( #*$o.$ .,ț ț ț ț

o#+(".. /*"$ 5": # . / "* /( +#. (o3*( !( (. 5" . ., !( "(:o.'( . #/.# ..'( 'o 7.( $., 3.ț ț ș ș ș ț ș

"*+#. !( 3((# 3( (/$( -*" . 3o(3$ ("$* 5"$(<*' <*&ș

D( o .+o$#" !(o/(-.$ ("$* 3o"$o'*' $o$#' #/*# /$*3$*.. (+o .o"#'( # o+*'*.ț ț

(/$( +#".*'#(# ('# ..'o ."$((/o"#'( #'( #3(/$*.#& Co"!*3$o.. /(3$('o *+(/3ț

!.(3 .o"#(# #!( .'o /( *" #"*+( <(" !( .($("., '( ."o3*'(#2 "(3(/.$#$(# (:.$.. 3('o ț ț

10

Page 11: Psihologia sectelor

7/26/2019 Psihologia sectelor

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/psihologia-sectelor 11/12

3* 3o"3( .. !.7(.$( !( #'( 'o, 5. #"<("(#2 5" #3$.:.$ . ("$*2.#/$( !( <*, -#2#$( 5" /(3.#'ț ț

 ( 5"!('.".(# o!."('o :(".$( !( '# 3o"!*3$o.&

Co"$o'*' ('# ..'o ."$((/o"#'( #( o 3o+o"("$ ##$(, #"*+( 3o"$o'*' :.( ..ț ț

/()*#'(& Co"$o'*' ('# ..'o /()*#'( (/$( #3$.3#$ 5" 7o#$( +*'$( /(3$(& " *"('( !."$( ('(,ț

#!( .'o '( (/$( .+*/ *" (<.+ $o$#' !( #-/$."(" & P("$* # *$(# (2./$#, (. $(-*.( /4 .ț ț ș

</(#/3 o (o3*#( (+#"("$, #3(#/$# 7.."!, 3(' +#. #!(/(#, !(/7 *#(# *"o +*"3.ș

()$("*#"$(, 5" 7o'o/*' /(3$(.& " #'$( <**., /(3$#" .. /*"$ 5"!(+"# . /( o :.# /()*#'ț ț ț

7("($.3, /( #!(:#$( o<.. . (:(/.*".& " #+-('( 3#2*., #!( .. !(:." $o$ +#.ș ț

!(("!(" . !( /$.'*' !( :.# #' <**'*., .# 3o"$o'*' #/*# /$.. 'o (+o .o"#'( #*"<( oț ț ț

#+ (!*$#-.' 5" +=.".'( 3o"!*3$o*'*. /(3$(.&

D# o#$( 3(# +#. *$(".3 $(;".3 *$.'.2#$ 5" o- ."((# *"*. 3o"$o' $o$#' #/*#ț

/("$.+("$('o *"*. o+ (/$( ."o3*'#(# /#.+(. 7# !( /.(# <**'*.& O+*' (/$( o-. "*.$ț ș

3* o $o$#' !(("!(" 7# !( 3o+*".$#$(# !." 3#( 7#3( #$(& E' $(-*.( / /( /.+$ 5"ț ț

/.<*#" "*+#. 5" 3#!*' <**'*.& P(+#"("$ . /( /*"( 3, 5" 3#2*' /... 3o+*".$ .., :#ț ț

+="( 7 ##(, /( :# 5+-o'":., :# 7. (/(3*$#$ !( 3(. !." #7#, :# 7. *3./ /#* 3;.# /(

:# /."*3.!(& " *"('( /(3$(, #!( .. #*"< / #.- #!(:#$( (#3 .. !( #".3 "*+#. '# <="!*'ț ț

 '(3..% $#"/.(, -$.'( .".+.. /( #33('((#2, .# /*-3o" $.("$*' '( $#"/+.$( o !o." ș ț

."$("/ !( # (/."<( #3(#/$ .!((&

A #!#, ." 7#$*' 3 /( +o!.7.3 *"# !."$( 3o+o"("$('( .!("$.$ .. ."!.:.!*#'(, 7.(ș ț

3o+o$#+("$*', 7.( <="!.(#, 7.( /("$.+("$('(, 3# *+#( # 7("o+("*'*. !( !./o"#" ț

3o<".$.:(, 3('('#'$( !o* /( :o #!#$# 3o(/*"2$o&

" 3('( +#. +*'$( 3#2*. 5"/, +#( $.. 5" +#".*'#( #3 .o"(#2 5" ##'(' #/*#ș ț

$*$*o 3('o $(. 3o+o"("$(, #/$7(' 5"3=$ 7.(3#( +o!.7.3#( # *"(.# !."$( ('( / :." .+(!.#$

5" 5"$=+."#(# 3('o'#'$( !o*& A/$7(', (7.3.(" # 5" o- ."((# *"*. 3o"$o' $o$#' #/*#ț ț

."!.:.!*'*. (/$( +#).+

11

Page 12: Psihologia sectelor

7/26/2019 Psihologia sectelor

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/psihologia-sectelor 12/12

Concluzii

M#".*'#(# o#+(".'o ((2."$ o#$( 3(# +#. /(3.7.3 . +#. <#: -o#' #ș

/o3.($ .'o !( #/$2.& T(;".3.'( !( +#".*'#( /( (7(3 .o"(#2 +((* 5" '#-o#$o#('(ț ț

/(3$('o ('.<.o#/(, 3o"3o+.$("$ 3* o<(/*' $(;"o'o<.(. ."7o+# .o"#'( . !( 3o+*".3#(&ț ș

A3(/$( /(3$( o7.$ !." '." !( 3o"!. ..'( 7#:o#-.'( "o* #*$( 5" 3o+*".$ .'( /o3.#'(,ț ț#"*+( .2o'#(# ."!.:.!*'*., *((# '*. /.;o'o<.3 !( ()$(.o . .:#(# '*. !( ."7o+# ..ș ț

#*$("$.3(, O+*' 5"3(( / "* +#. o#$ 7o+*'# # .o"#+("$( o.., 3. !o# / '( (o!*3ț

 ( #'( #'$o#, ( #'( '.!(*'*. /#* /'o<#"*.'( /o3.($ .. !." 3#( 7#3( #$(& C* $.+*', #3(/$ o+ț

"* +#. o#$( ()#+."# 3.$.3 3((# 3( 3(!(, /*"( /#* 7#3(, .# #3(/$# (/$( 5"3(*$*' /7= .$*'*.ș

/* /..$*#'& C(' (<$.$ ("$* # 7. +#".*'#$ !(:."( !." o+ o *"(#'$, o- #' *"o ."$((/( .ș

.!(. !( 3#(, 5" (#'.$#$(, (/$( /$."&

 N.+("., =" #/$2., "* # *$*$ ()'.3# 5" +o! /#$./73$o +($o!('( 7o'o/.$( !(

(:(("!*' 6.+ 6o"(/, #3(/$ ##"o.3 /(!*3$o, 3#( 5" $.+*.'( /#'( !( <'o.( /4# -*3*#$ !(

5"3(!((# +*'$o (/o"#'.$ . o'.$.3(, ("$* #4 . 7(+(3# !./3.o'.. 5" # # +/*, 5"3=$ /ț ș ș

7.( <#$# / +o# ("$* ('& S4# :o-.$ !( 7#/3."# .# /$#".( ( 3#( o ()(3.$# #/*#ț

+*' .+.'o, !( +#".*'#(# /()*#' !( 3#( /( 7o'o/(#, !( 5"!o3$."#(, +#'$#$. 7.2.3( .ț ș

 .:# .*". #'.+("$#(, !# +./$(*' 3o"$."* / +="& C($ (/$( 3 5" 2.'('( !( 5"3(*$ #'(ț

T(+'*'*. oo#('o, +#// +(!.# 5' (2("$# ( 6.+ 6o"(/ 3# ( o „7.<* '(<("!#”, 3#(

!./*"(# !( „o 7o 3o"/.!(#-.'” 5" :.# # o'.$.3& A-.# 5" /*+-('( 2.'( 7."#'( #'( !."#/$.(.ț ț

/#'( # !(:(".$ „!(/3(.(#$*' !." G*>#"#”&

12