prof. ciobanu elena grup Ş colar energetic n r .1 tg-jiu

Prof. Ciobanu ElenaGrup Şcolar Energetic

Nr.1 Tg-Jiu

CLASIFICAREA COMPUŞILOR ORGANICI

www.e-chimie.com

COMPUŞII ORGANICI

Conţin numai C şi H

Conţin C ,H şi O,N,P,S,F,Cl,Br,I

A. HIDROCARBURI

Formula generală: CnH2n+2 unde n≥1CH4 metan CH3 –CH3 etan

ALCANI

A. HIDROCARBURI

CH3 – CH2 – CH3

propan

CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

butan

ALCANI

ALCANICH4 metan

Flacăra metanului

de la aragaz

CH3 – CH2 – CH3

propan

Balon cu propan

CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

butan

Butelii cu butan gaz – încălzirea locuinţei, a apei

manajere

Formula generală:CnH2n unde n≥2

C2H4 etenă

Lampadare din polietilenă

C3H6 propenă

Pungi de plastic din polipropilenă

ALCHENE

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.roenciclopedia.ro/poze-chimie/polietena-polietilena.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.roenciclopedia.ro/polietena-polietilena.htm&usg=__RVv-FMGHwnzz5y3smcAA6KNUDRk=&h=150&w=220&sz=7&hl=ro&start=29&tbnid=qLzt4jc2FFNnOM:&tbnh=73&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dutilizarea%2Betenei%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dro%26sa%3DN%26start%3D20

http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C5%9Fier:Plastiktueten.jpg

Formula generală:CnH2n-2 unde n≥3

C4H6 1,3-butadiena

ALCADIENE

Covoraşe de cauciuc

butadien-stirenic

C5H8 2-metil,1,3-butadienă(izopren)

Saltele din

izopren

CH2CHCCH2

CH3

Cauciuc poliizoprenic

ALCADIENE

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.laubrsport.ro/photos/products/img_0.350674001183529828.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.laubrsport.ro/saltele-izopren.133.12.phtml&usg=__5_ivjmPc4p-I_F5CFnoBTsv0J20=&h=208&w=139&sz=5&hl=ro&start=20&um=1&tbnid=N60JPBlX_a3baM:&tbnh=105&tbnw=70&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dizopren%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Dro%26um%3D1

Formula generală:CnH2n-2 unde n≥2

C2H2 acetilenă(etină)

Tuburi din acetilenă pentru sudura autogenă

ALCHINE

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.valmetproduction.ro/galerie-foto/Linde_acetilena.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.valmetproduction.ro/produse/distributie-linde-gaz/oferta&usg=__ViqhcXNCWa5QdnxZgro3N4hYNVI=&h=240&w=340&sz=22&hl=ro&start=16&um=1&tbnid=x0OsS09IKUQMBM:&tbnh=84&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dacetilena%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Dro%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1

C3H4 propină

ALCHINE

C4H6 butina CH≡C-CH2-CH3 1- butina CH3-C≡C-CH3 2- butina

C10H8 naftalinăC6H6 benzen C12H10 bifenil

ARENEMONONUCLEARE

POLINUCLEARE

Cu nuclee condensate

Cu nuclee izolate

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Naphthalene.png/200px-Naphthalene.png&imgrefurl=http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naftalin%25C4%2583&usg=__YYD685UOV1g6b0_SIoiy7irAm3o=&h=119&w=200&sz=5&hl=ro&start=64&um=1&tbnid=OjlmxgW9gh3aXM:&tbnh=62&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnaftalina%2Butilizare%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dro%26sa%3DN%26start%3D60%26um%3D1

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://chimie2004.3x.ro/HIDROCARBURI/Alchine/benzen.gif&imgrefurl=http://chimie2004.3x.ro/HIDROCARBURI/Alchine/Alchine.html&usg=__v7Edu3MNhHnQgXbOOiraUDtKdpg=&h=46&w=43&sz=1&hl=ro&start=78&um=1&tbnid=5mM3hky7UCjMdM:&tbnh=46&tbnw=43&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbenzen%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dro%26rlz%3D1T4GGLJ_roRO251RO251%26sa%3DN%26start%3D60%26um%3D1

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.webchem.net/images/benzen3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.webchem.net/notes/A2/crs/benzene_problem.htm&usg=__CxH2BgoUJC6xCsVH0JEm8vD8iLI=&h=153&w=192&sz=10&hl=ro&start=2&um=1&tbnid=9pscNclzfJFeTM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=103&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbenzen%26hl%3Dro%26rlz%3D1T4GGLJ_roRO251RO251%26um%3D1

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Benzen_Kalottenmodell.svg/534px-Benzen_Kalottenmodell.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Benzen_Kalottenmodell.svg&usg=__IHlUcw1Vw6yDVP26YYHtOpLdlLI=&h=469&w=534&sz=81&hl=ro&start=4&um=1&tbnid=NcbSl3tAvXogaM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=132&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbenzen%26hl%3Dro%26rlz%3D1T4GGLJ_roRO251RO251%26um%3D1

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bifenyl.svg/200px-Bifenyl.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifenil&usg=__erF_AHXB-zUFVnrZlYaTJf1TVtk=&h=72&w=200&sz=4&hl=ro&start=7&um=1&tbnid=AIAy44mzspAIQM:&tbnh=37&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbifenil%26hl%3Dro%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1

C12H10 antracenC6H5 –CH3 metilbenzen

(toluen)

ARENE

MONONUCLEARE

POLINUCLEARE

Cu nuclee condensate

Cu nuclee izolate

C13H12 difenilmetan

Formula generală:R – X, X=F,Cl,Br,ICH3Cl clorometan clorură de metil

B.DERIVAŢI AI HIDROCARBURILOR

CH2Cl 2diclorometan clorură de metilen

Compresor frigorific

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.constructor.ro/pro_pages/3851/1121701363p2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.constructor.ro/firma_3851_Bucuresti_MARTI_SERVICE_GROUP_srl&usg=__Il0lSzPvKcbAmXNmpCDmtGYOdVI=&h=241&w=66&sz=4&hl=ro&start=98&um=1&tbnid=-34dyOwk-RjyiM:&tbnh=110&tbnw=30&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcloroform%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dro%26sa%3DN%26start%3D80%26um%3D1

CHCl3 triclorometan (cloroform)

Anestezic în amestec cu 1% etanol

CF2Cl2 diclorodifluorometan (Freon 12 sau frigen)

Compresor cu freon

de la frigider

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.wattsmeatmachinery.com.au/images/Chiller-Compressor-freon-Friga-Bohn-RSV-14-27a-4_LRG.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.wattsmeatmachinery.com.au/index.php%3Fmain_page%3Dindex%26cPath%3D8&usg=__aw1gg-_4cYx8a2wOyHfWmZpmcQQ=&h=428&w=640&sz=47&hl=ro&start=8&um=1&tbnid=AszJeuyhRE5iWM:&tbnh=92&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3DFREON%26hl%3Dro%26um%3D1

CF2=CF2 -1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroetena(teflon)

Vase din teflon

B.DERIVAŢI AI HIDROCARBURILOR

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://articles.mercola.com/images/blog/2004.08.09.teflon.jpg&imgrefurl=http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2004/08/25/teflon-chemicals.aspx&usg=__tE5cUBZpjTjnBLl9POdkteBIQOA=&h=220&w=220&sz=6&hl=ro&start=39&um=1&tbnid=j_uvei0z33bTxM:&tbnh=107&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dteflon%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dro%26sa%3DN%26start%3D20%26um%3D1

Formula generală: R – OH

CH3–OHmetanol

Solvent Combustibil

Asupra organismului

In cantităţi mici In cantităţi mari

Dezinfectant :Spirt sanitar

Parfumuri

CH3–CH2-OH-etanol

Băuturi alcoolice

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://thasha.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/174-2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://thasha.wordpress.com/&usg=__pVCx-t3KBY-zkEtiRIFN5OzHP4o=&h=360&w=360&sz=22&hl=ro&start=6&um=1&tbnid=4B_9_Fooq3ftvM:&tbnh=121&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dalcool%2Betilic%2Butiliyari%26hl%3Dro%26um%3D1

Efectele alcoolului asupra organismului

1,2,3-propantriol (glicerina, glicerol)

Săpunuri Creme cosmetice

Medicamente Dinamita

Formula generală:Ar – OH

C6H5 – OH fenol

Uz stomatologic

FENOLFTALEINA

Bachelita

C6H3 – (OH)2 dihidroxibenzen

1,4-dihidroxibenzenhidrochinona

1,2-dihidroxibenzenpirocatehină

1,3-dihidroxibenzenrezorcină

Pirocatehina şi hidrochinona se folosesc ca revelatori fotografici

Dozarea oxigenului din amestecuri de gaze, revelator fotografic

C6H3 – (OH)3 trihidroxibenzen

1,2,3-trihidroxibenzenpirogalol

1,3,5-trihidroxibenzenfloroglucină

Reactiv de

laborator

Formula generală:R – NH2

CH3 – NH2 metilamina

CH3 –CH2- NH2 etilamina

CH3 –NH- CH3 dimetilamina

C6H5 – NH2 fenilamina(anilina)

Coloranţi

Medicamente

Detergenţi

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/it/thumb/d/d7/Anilina_struttura.svg/432px-Anilina_struttura.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anilina_struttura.svg&usg=__AGfQrh57wdtctAJXwFputzLzf40=&h=600&w=432&sz=9&hl=ro&start=5&um=1&tbnid=I-dPbQ2viw3rKM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=97&prev=/images%3Fq%3DANILINA%26hl%3Dro%26um%3D1

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dicts.info/img/ud/aniline.png&imgrefurl=http://www.dicts.info/picture-dictionary.php%3Fw%3Doil&usg=__ghWANY5zpXVHlx0xLrU0jlLPIfE=&h=600&w=537&sz=78&hl=ro&start=14&um=1&tbnid=jL4vKSRpZnjghM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=121&prev=/images%3Fq%3DANILINA%26hl%3Dro%26um%3D1

Formula generală:R – NO2

Trinitrotoluen (T.N.T.)

Dinamită

Explozibil

Trinitroglicerina(TNG)

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Tritol.PNG&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tritol.PNG&usg=__EQIZaPsWJDlVAi-m2GjwqKISZPE=&h=337&w=394&sz=8&hl=ro&start=2&um=1&tbnid=s5se2IogjqeoxM:&tbnh=106&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtrinitrotoluen%26hl%3Dro%26um%3D1

Formula generală:R – CH = O

Fenoplaste, coloranţi, medicamente, industria pielăriei

CH2O metanal(aldehidă formică)

Formol(soluţie40%)

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Aldehyde2.png/100px-Aldehyde2.png&imgrefurl=http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldeidi&usg=__rfgFtpW9ilYRvt-tiHOLJhNGPHQ=&h=94&w=100&sz=4&hl=ro&start=57&um=1&tbnid=hr1zNzN_Yf2mCM:&tbnh=77&tbnw=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dformula%2Bgenerala%2Ba%2BNITRILI%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dro%26sa%3DN%26start%3D40%26um%3D1

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Formaldehyde-2D.png/100px-Formaldehyde-2D.png&imgrefurl=http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formaldehid%25C4%2583&usg=___fU-YtORmOFuAxxrc38GokN48DA=&h=95&w=100&sz=4&hl=ro&start=158&um=1&tbnid=yF-Xe1s9CGINeM:&tbnh=78&tbnw=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dformula%2Bgenerala%2BaCETONE%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dro%26sa%3DN%26start%3D140%26um%3D1

CH3-CH2O etanal(aldehidă acetică)

Acetaldehida este o componentă semnificativă în fumul de tutun, alcool , unele droguri. Este„vinovată” pentru dependența de aceste

substanţe.

Formula generală: R2C = O

Dizolvant pentru

acetilenă, lacuri, vopsele

Propanona (acetona)

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.essentialnails.com/product_images/Medium/IMP_BOWL%3BWarehouse%3BWarehouse.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.essentialnails.com/product/126/imp_bowl/esp/cuenco-para-remojo.html&usg=__JddgIMQC5txZrBmep8jDY1mTizY=&h=250&w=250&sz=9&hl=ro&start=19&um=1&tbnid=Elo9vmOqq7vm9M:&tbnh=111&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dacetona%26hl%3Dro%26um%3D1

http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C5%9Fier:Acetone-structural.png

Formula generală: R-COOH

CH3-COOHAcid etanoic(acetic )

Cristalizat(acid acetic glacial)

Oţet(soluţiile de acid acetic de 5 % până la 18 %. Prepararea aspirinei (acid

acetilsalicilic).

ACIZI CARBOXILICI

http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirin%C4%83

http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C5%9Fier:AceticAcid012.jpg

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Carboxylic-acid.svg/180px-Carboxylic-acid.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_carboxilic&usg=__J2DUqY7F36bG1iPFbwdf0_bZfLE=&h=144&w=180&sz=3&hl=ro&start=1&um=1&tbnid=NQ8m1Q8qYC193M:&tbnh=81&tbnw=101&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dformula%2Bgenerala%2Ba%2BACIZILOR%2BCARBOXILICI%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dro%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1

C6H5-COOHAcid benzoic

E210 (acidul benzoic)- antiseptic folosit pentru conservarea alimentelor si a produselor farmaceutice - se adaugă la băuturi alcoolice, produse de brutărie, brânzeturi, condimente, dulciuri, medicamente.

ACIZI CARBOXILICI

Formula generală:Formula generală:Formula generală:

N C -R

Formula generală: Formula generală:R – COCl

DERIVAŢI AI ACIZILOR CARBOXILICI

ESTERI AMIDE NITRILI

http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%C5%9Fier:Ester.svg

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/3/0/2/30234caa3bb9d964593dd3a3ab42a29b.png&imgrefurl=http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amid%25C4%2583&usg=__GE96RggjOK_VyDAPCY6xVJTJIco=&h=68&w=110&sz=1&hl=ro&start=3&um=1&tbnid=Dx5TvCVNx-W_CM:&tbnh=53&tbnw=85&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dformula%2Bgenerala%2Ba%2BACIZILOR%2BCARBOXILICI%26ndsp%3D20%26hl%3Dro%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/GeneralAcidAnhydride.png/75px-GeneralAcidAnhydride.png&imgrefurl=http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_carboxilic&usg=__Bjz5M_jroj5TGGl00cX1drPuhsc=&h=121&w=75&sz=4&hl=ro&start=4&um=1&tbnid=H6K4Pe92KG5hhM:&tbnh=89&tbnw=55&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dformula%2Bgenerala%2BANHIDRIDE%2BACIDE%26hl%3Dro%26um%3D1

Conţin mai mulţi α-aminoacizi

AMINOACIZI PROTEINE

http://images.google.ro/imgres?imgurl=http://www.bioterapi.ro/aprofundat/index_aprofundat_index_enciclopedic_substanteAminoacizi_MEDIA_1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.bioterapi.ro/aprofundat/index_aprofundat_index_enciclopedic_substanteAminoacizi.html&usg=__ft9vKHTspvfe6heoLG4XgTGk5uU=&h=397&w=596&sz=38&hl=ro&start=1&um=1&tbnid=xxkeNv6_QYJnEM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Daminoacizi%26hl%3Dro%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1

Conţin în moleculă:- O grupare carbonil (aldehidă sau cetonă)- una sau mai multe grupări alcool secundar- una sau două grupări alcool primar

Glucoza Fructoza

ZAHARIDE

,,A gândi înseamnă a practica chimia minţii”

prof. ciobanu elena grup Ş colar energetic n r .1 tg-jiu

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