PRODUSUL INTERN BRUT (PIB) PIB�H[SULP �YDORDUHD�EUXW ��GH�SLD �D�SURGXF LHL�ILQDOH�GH�EXQXUL�úL�VHUYLFLL�RE LQXW �vQWU-un

DQ�GH�DJHQ LL�HFRQRPLFL�DXWRKWRQL�úL�VWU LQL�FDUH�vúL�GHVI úRDU �DFWLYLWDWHD�vQ�LQWHULRUXO� ULL� a) Metoda de produF LH��PHWRGD�YDORULL�DG XJDWH�

iii CIPBVAB −= , unde:

iVAB - YDORDUHD�DG XJDW �EUXW �FUHDW �vQ�VHFWRUXO�i �OD�SUH XULOH�GH�ED] ��

iPB - SURGXF LD�JOREDO �EUXW �vQ�VHFWRUXO�i;

iCI - consumul intermediar din sectorul i.

3ULQ�vQVXPDUHD�YDORULORU�DG XJDWH�EUXWH�FUHDWH�vQ�VHFWRDUHOH�VDX�UDPXULOH�HFRQRPLHL�VH�RE LQH�

YDORDUHD�DG XJDW �EUXW �OD�QLYHOXO�HFRQRPLHL�

∑= iVABVAB

9DORDUHD� DG XJDW � EUXW � VH� H[SULP � OD� SUH XULOH� GH� ED] � �SUH XULOH� IDFWRULORU��� FDUH� LQFOXG�

VXEYHQ LLOH�SH�SURGXV�GDU�H[FOXG�LPSR]LWHOH�SH�SURGXV�úL�WD[D�SH�YDORDUHD�DG XJDW ��

Indicatori macroeconomici de rezultate

3HQWUX�D�RE LQH�PIB,�FDUH�VH�H[SULP �OD�SUH XULOH�SLH HL��VH�IRORVHúWH�UHOD LD�

SPTVIPVABPIB −++= , unde: VAB - YDORDUHD�DG XJDW �EUXW ��OD�SUH XULOH�GH�ED] �� IP - LPSR]LWH�SH�SURGXV�LQFOXVLY�WD[D�SH�YDORDUH�DG XJDW � TV - taxe vamale; SP - VXEYHQ LL�SH�SURGXV�úL�SHQWUX�LPSRUW�

b) Metoda cheltuielilor� �PHWRGD� XWLOL] ULL� ILQDOH�� SUHVXSXQH� HYLGHQ LHUHD� FKHOWXLHOLORU�SHQWUX�EXQXULOH�úL�VHUYLFLLOH�ILQDOH�vQ�IXQF LH�GH�GHVWLQD LD�DFHVWRUD��FRQVXPXO�SRSXOD LHL�(CP��� FRQVXPXO� DGPLQLVWUD LHL� �CA��� IRUPDUHD� EUXW � GH� FDSLWDO� �FBC�� úL� H[SRUWXO� QHW�(EXN). Valoarea PIB� OD� SUH XULOH� SLH HL� VH� RE LQH� SULQ� vQVXPDUHD� DFHVWRU� FKHOWXLHOL��FRQIRUP�UHOD LHL�XUP WRDUH�

,IMEXEXN

SFBCFFBC

CACPCF

EXNFBCCACPPIB

−=

∆+=

+=

+++=

unde: CF - consumul final; FBCF - IRUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSLWDO�IL[�VDX�LQYHVWL LL�FDSLWale brute;

S∆ - modificarea stocurilor; EX - export; IM - import.

c) Metoda veniturilor��PHWRGD�UHSDUWL LHL�

SEIPRIEBERSPIB −++= ,

unde: RS - compensarea factorului�PXQF ��UHPXQHUDUHD�VDODULD LORU�� EBE - excedentul brut de exploatare; IPRI - LPSR]LWH�OHJDWH�GH�SURGXF LH�úL�GH�LPSRUW� SE - VXEYHQ LL�GH�H[SORDWDUH�úL�GH�LPSRUW�

PRODUSUL INTERN NET (PIN)

3,1�H[SULP �YDORDUHD�DG XJDW �QHW �D�EXQXULORU� úL� VHUYLFLLORU� ILQDOH�SURGXVH� vQWU-un an de

WR L�DJHQ LL�HFRQRPLFL�LQWHUQL��PIN�VH�FDOFXOHD] �DWkW�OD�SUH XO�SLH HL�FkW�úL�OD�SUH XO�IDFWRULORU��SUH XUL�GH�ED] ��

APIBPIN −=

352'868/�1$ ,21$L BRUT (PNB) PNB�UHSUH]LQW �YDORDUHD�EUXW ��GH�SLD ��D�EXQXULORU�úL�VHUYLFLLORU�ILQDOH�RE LQXWH�vQWU-un an

GH�DJHQ LL�HFRQRPLFL�UH]LGHQ L�DWkW�vQ�LQWHULRUXO� ULL��FkW�úL�vQ�H[WHULRUXO� ULL�FDUH�DX�IRVW�XWLOL]DWH�vQ�LQWHULRUXO� ULL�� 6H� RE LQH� FRUHFWkQG PIB� FX� VROGXO� YHQLWXULORU� IDFWRULORU� vQ� UDSRUW� FX� VWU LQ WDWHD�(SVFS):

SVFSPIBPNB +=

352'868/�1$ ,21$/�1(7��PNN) PNN�P VRDU �YDORDUHD�DG XJDW �QHW �D�EXQXULORU�úL�VHUYLFLLORU�ILQDOH�RE LQXWH�vQWU-un an de

DJHQ LL� HFRQRPLFL� UH]LGHQ L� vQ� LQWHULRUXO� VDX� vQ� H[WHULRUXO� ULL� GDU� FDUH� DX� UHYHQLW� VXELHFWHORU�economice interne:

APNBPNN −= sau SVFSPINPNN +=

9(1,78/�1$ ,21$/��VN) 91�H[SULP � YHQLWXULOH� IDFWRULORU� GH� SURGXF LH� LPSOLFD L� vQ� DFWLYLWDWHD� HFRQRPLF � �YHQLWXUL�

din PXQF � úL� GLQ� SURSULHWDWH��� 9HQLWXO� QD LRQDO� HVWH� SURGXVXO� QD LRQDO� QHW� OD� SUH XULOH� IDFWRULORU��SUH XULOH�GH�ED] ��

pbPNNVN =

9(1,78/�1$ ,21$/�%587��VNB)

AVNVNB += 9(1,78/� 1$ ,21$/� ',6321,%,/ (VND) este VN corectat cu transferuri cu

VWU LQ WDWHD�FDUH�QX�DX�OHJ WXU �FX�SURFHVXO�GH�SURGXF LH��FRWL]D LL��DMXWRDUH��WD[H�HWF���

STCSVNVND += ,

unde: STCS -�VROGXO��vQFDV UL�PLQXV�SO L��WUDQVIHUXULORU�FXUHQWH�FX�VWU LQ WDWHD�

VENITUL PERSONAL AL MENAJELOR (VPM) repre]LQW �SDUWHD�GLQ�YHQLWXO�QD LRQDO�

care revine menajelor:

TMVASVNVP +−= ,

unde: VAS - YHQLWXUL�FDUH�UHYLQ�DOWRU�VHFWRDUH���FRQWULEX LD�SHQWUX�DVLJXU ULOH�VRFLDOH��

profituri nedistribuite ale firmelor, impozitul pe profit; TM - WUDQVIHUXUL�F WUH�PHQDMH��SHQVLL��DMXWRU�GH�úRPDM��DOWH�DMXWRDUH��EXUVH��DORFD LL�

VENITUL DISPONIBIL AL MENAJELOR (VDM)� HVWH� YDORDUHD� U PDV � GXS � SODWD�LPSR]LWHORU�úL�WD[HORU�SO WLWH�GH�SRSXOD LH�

Imp.pop.−= VPMVDM

Venitul�SHUVRQDO�GLVSRQLELO�HVWH�IRORVLW�SHQWUX�FXPS UDUHD�EXQXULORU�úL�VHUYLFLLORU�GH�FRQVXP�

úL�SHQWUX�HFRQRPLVLUH� ,1',&$725,�'(5,9$ ,�

¾�rata consumului�H[SULP �SRQGHUHD�FRQVXPXOXL�ILQDO�VDX�D�XQHLD�GLQ�FHOH�GRX �FRPSRQHQWH��FRQVXP�SULYDW�úL�FRQVXP�SXEOLF��vQ PIB;

¾�UDWD�LQYHVWL LLORU�P VRDU �SRQGHUHD�LQYHVWL LLORU�EUXWH�VDX�QHWH�vQ�PIB, respectiv PIN;

¾�UDWD�YHQLWXULORU�GLQ�PXQF �DUDW �FH�SURFHQW�GLQ�VN�GH LQH�DFHDVW �FRPSRQHQW �

¾�UDWD�FRPHU XOXL�H[WHULRU�FRPSDU �VXE�IRUP �GH�UDSRUW�LPSRUWXO�VDX�H[SRUWXO�FX�PIB;

¾�PIB/locuitor�P VRDU �UH]XOWDWHOH�FH�UHYLQ�vQ�PHGLH�SH�R�SHUVRDQ �

¾�HILFLHQ D�IDFWRULORU�GH�SURGXF LH� • productivitatea muncii = PIB�SRSXOD LH�RFXSDW � • productivitatea capitalului fix = PIB�YDORDUHD�PHGLH�DQXDO �D�FDSLWDOXOXL�IL[� • HILFLHQ D�FRQVXPXOXL�HQHUJHWLc= PIB/consum de energie etc.

¾�UDWH�VSHFLILFH�FRQWDELOLW LL�QD LRQDOH� • UDWD�GH�HFRQRPLH�D�PHQDMHORU�HVWH�UDSRUWXO�GLQWUH�HFRQRPLD�EUXW �úL�YHQLWXO�GLVSRQLELO�EUXW�DO�

menajelor; • UDWD�GH�HFRQRPLH�ILQDQFLDU �VH�FDOFXOHD] �FD�UDSRUW�vQWUH�FDSDFLWDWHD��QHFHVDUXO��GH�ILQDQ DUH�

úL�YHQLWXO�GLVSRQLELO�EUXW�SH�WRWDO�HFRQRPLH� • UDWD�H[FHGHQWXOXL�EUXW�HVWH�UH]XOWDWXO�vPS U LULL�H[FHGHQWXOXL�EUXW�GH�H[SORDWDUH�OD�YDORDUHD�

DG XJDW �EUXW � • UDWD�GH�SUHVLXQH�ILVFDO �UHSUH]LQW �SRQGHUHD�LPSR]LWHORU�vQFDVDWH�GH�DGPLQLVWUD LD�SXEOLF �vQ�

PIB; • UDWD�GH�SUHVLXQH�VRFLDO �H[SULP �SRQGHUHD�FRWL]D LLORU�VRFLDOH�HIHFWLYH�vQFDVDWH�GH�VWDW�vQ�PIB.

&203$5$ ,,�Ì1�7,03

3,%�5($/�ù,�',1$0,&$�$&(678,$

PIB real (PIB*)�VH�RE LQH�SULQ�GHIOD LRQDUHD�PIB nominal. 1. 'HIOD LRQDUHD�3,%�QRPLQDO�SULQ utilizarea unui indice de pre XUL de tip Paasche. Acest

LQGLFH�VH�RE LQH� LQGLUHFW�GLQ� UHOD LD�GH�VLVWHP�GLQWUH� LQGLFHOH�YDORULL� � vI (indicele PIB nominal), indicele volumului fizic qI ��GH�WLS�/DVSH\UHV��úL�LQGLFHOH�SUH XULORU� pI .

qvp III ÷= , unde:

∑∑

=00

11

qp

qpI v úL

∑∑

=00

10

qp

qpI q

PIB�UHDO�VH�RE LQH�UDSRUWkQG�PIB QRPLQDO�GLQ�SHULRDGD�FXUHQW �OD�LQGLFHOH�SUH XULORU�

pI

PIBPIB =*

2. Calculul PIB real�FD�VXP �D�FRPSRQHQWHORU�VDOH�GHIOD LRQDWH�

∑=j

jCPIB ** , unde p

C

j

j

jI

CC =*

'H� H[HPSOX�� SRUQLQG� GH� OD� HOHPHQWHOH� GH� XWLOL]DUH� ILQDO ��PIB real se poate determina cu

UHOD LD�

***** EXNFBCCACPPIB +++= Atunci când se cunosc indicii GH� SUH XUL� SH� UDPXUL� HFRQRPLFH��PIB� UHDO� VH� FDOFXOHD] � FX�

UHOD LD��

∑= **iVABPIB ,

unde: *iVAB -� YDORDUHD�DG XJDW �EUXW �GLQ� UDPXUD� i�� GHIOD LRQDW �FX� LQGLFHOH�GH�SUH XUL�

FRUHVSXQ] WRU�UDPXULL�

Deflatorul PIB VH�FDOFXOHD] �FD�raport între PIB�QRPLQDO�úL�PIB real:

*1

1PIB

PIBD =

5DWD�LQIOD LHL

RI = D% -100%

Dinamica PIB real

0

*1

0/1

*

PIB

PIBI PIB =

6$/$5,8/�5($/�ù,�',1$0,&$�$&(678,$ Salariul real (SR)�VH�FDOFXOHD] �FD�UDSRUW�vQWUH�VDODULXO�QRPLQDO�QHW�úL�LQGLFHOH�SUH XULORU�GH�

consum. Salariul nominal net (SN�� OD� QLYHOXO� HFRQRPLHL� VH� FDOFXOHD] � SH� ED]D� XQXL� HúDQWLRQ� GH�

DJHQ L� HFRQRPLFL� DOF WXLW� GLQ� VXEHúDQWLRDQH� UHSUH]HQWDWLYH� SHQWUX� ILHFDUH� UDPXU � �VXEUDPXU �� GH�activitate.

Etape de calcul: 1. Salariul mediu net la nivelul subramurii s:

( )∑

∑ −=

i

iis

T

RFBSSN ,

unde:

iFBS - fondul brut de salarii la nivelul agentului economic i;

iR - WRWDOXO�UH LQHULORU�GLQ�VDODULL�OD�QLYHOXO�DJHQWXOXL�HFRQRPLF�i;

iT - QXP UXO�PHGLX�GH�VDODULD L�OD�QLYHOXO�DJHQWXOXL�HFRQRPLF�i;

2. 6DODULXO�PHGLX�QHW�OD�QLYHOXO�ILHF UHL�UDPXUL�r:

∑∑ ⋅

=s

ssr T

TSNSN ,

unde: Ts -�QXP UXO�PHGLX�GH�VDODULD L�OD�QLYHOXO�VXEUDPXULL�s.

3. 6DODULXO�PHGLX�QHW�OD�QLYHOXO�HFRQRPLHL�QD LRQDOe:

∑∑ ⋅

=r

rr

T

TSNSN ,

unde: Tr –�QXP UXO�PHGLX�GH�VDODULD L�OD�QLYHOXO�UDPXULL r.

,QGLFHOH�SUH XULORU�GH�FRQVXP (tip Laspeyres):

100(%)0

00

00 ∑∑

∑ ⋅=

⋅=

cpp gI

qp

qpIIPC ,

unde: pI - LQGLFL�GH�SUH XUL�SHQWUX�SURGXVH�DOLPHQWDUH��SURGXVH�QHDOLPHQWDUH�úL�VHUYLFLL� cg (%)0 - SRQGHUHD�FKHOWXLHOLORU�GH�FRQVXP�SHQWUX�P UIXUL�DOLPHQWDUH��P UIXUL�

QHDOLPHQWDUH�úL�VHUYLFLL�vQ�WRWDOXO�FKHOWXLHOLORU�GH�FRQVXP��vQ�SHULRDGD�GH�ED] �

Salariul real (SR):

SR0 = SN0

IPC

SNSR 1

1 =

Dinamica salariului real:

IPC

I

SR

SRI

SNSR ==

0

1

5DWD�LQIOD LHL�vQ�GRPHQLXO�FRQVXPXOXL:

RI = IPC% - 100

,QGLFHOH�SXWHULL�GH�FXPS UDUH�D�EDQLORU��IPCB):

IPCIPCB

1=

'LQDPLFD�VDODULXOXL�UHDO�vQ�IXQF LH�GH�VDODULXO�QRPLQDO�úL�GH�SXWHUHD�GH�FXPS UDUH�D�EDQLORU�

IPCBII SNSR ⋅=

PROBLEME REZOLVATE

1. 6H�FXQRVF�XUP WRDUHOH�GDWH�SHQWUX�HFRQRPLD�5RPkQLHL�vQ�SHULRDGD������– 1998:

Tabelul 8.1.

Anii 3,%�vQ�SUH XUL�

curente (mld. lei) ,QGLFLL�3,%�ID �

de 1990 (%) 0 1 2

1990 857,9 100 1991 2203,9 87,1 1992 6029,2 79,4 1993 20035,7 80,6 1994 49773,2 83,8 1995 72135,5 89,8 1996 108919,6 93,4 1997 252925,7 87,7 1998 371193,8 83,5 1999 539356,9 81,6

Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1997, pag. 354, 357; anul 2000, pag. 280-281.

Se cere: 1. deflatorul PIB�vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH������úL�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW� 2. UDWD�LQIOD LHL�vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH������úL�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW� 3. 3,%�UHDO�ID �GH������úL�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW� 4. dinamica PIB�UHDO�vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW� 5. dinamica PIB�UHDO�úL�UDWD�LQIOD LHL�ID �GH������

Rezolvare 1. Pentru a calcula deflatorul PIB�HVWH�QHFHVDU�V �VH�FDOFXOH]H�PDL�vQWkL�LQGLFLL�PIB nominal

�FX�ED] �IL[ �������

00 PIB

PIBI tPIB

t = , unde 9,0=t

De exemplu:

5689,29,857

9,2203

0

10/1 ===

PIB

PIBI PIB sau 256,89%

Rezultatele calculelor sunt prezentate în tabelul 8.2., coloana 3. Deflatorul PIB��ILLQG�XQ�LQGLFH�DO�SUH XULORU�vQ�VLVWHP�3DDVFKH��VH�SRDWH�FDOFXOD�FD�UDSRUW�

între dinamica PIB�QRPLQDO��LQGLFHOH�YDORULL��úL�GLQDPLFD�PIB real (indicele volumului fizic):

*

0/

0/

0

00 PIB

t

PIBt

qt

vt

tI

I

I

ID ==

De exemplu:

9494,2871,0

5689,201 ==D sau 294,94%

Rezultatele calculelor sunt prezentate în tabelul 8.2., coloana 4. Pentru a calcula deflatorul PIB�vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW�VH�FDOFXOHD] � • indicii PIB�QRPLQDO�vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW

11

−− =

t

tPIBtt PIB

PIBI ,

rezultatele calculelor fiind prezentate în tabelul 8.2., coloana 5.

• indicii PIB�UHDO�vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW�SULQ�UHOD LD�GH�WUHFHUH�GH�OD�ED] �IL[ �OD�ED] �vQ�ODQ �

*

*

*

01

01 PIB

t

PIBtPIB

ttI

II

−− =

Rezultatele calculelor sunt prezentate în tabelul 8.2., coloana 6. Deflatorul PIB�vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW�

*

1

11 PIB

tt

PIBtt

ttI

ID

−

−− =

Rezultatele calculelor sunt prezentate în tabelul 8.2., coloana 7.

2. 5DWD�LQIOD LHL�

• ID �GH�����

( ) %100%00 −= tt DIR (vezi tabelul 8.2., coloana 8)

• ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW

( ) %100%11 −= −− tttt DIR (vezi tabelul 8.2., coloana 9)

3. PIB�UHDO�VH�FDOFXOHD] �FD�UDSRUW�vQWUH�PIB�QRPLQDO�úL�GHIODWRUXO�PIB astfel:

• vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH�����

0

*

t

t

D

PIBPIB = (vezi tabelul 8.2., coloana 10)

• vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW

1

*

−=

tt

t

D

PIBPIB (vezi tabelul 8.2., coloana 11)

4. Dinamica PIB�UHDO�vQ�ILHFDUH�DQ�ID �GH�DQXO�SUHFHGHQW�VH�FDOFXOHD] �DVWIHO�

1

**

−=

t

tPIB

PIB

PIBI

5H]XOWDWHOH�FDOFXOHORU�VXQW�LGHQWLFH�FX�UH]XOWDWHOH�GLQ�WDEHOXO�������FRORDQD����GDU�VH�RIHU �

un alt mod de calcul.

5. Dinamica PIB�UHDO�ID �GH������� 4=t ):

*

*

*

01

0

4 PIBt

PIBtPIB

tI

II

−

= , unde 9,5=t

Prin urmare:

0716,18,83

8,89*

*

*

45

04

05===

PIB

PIB

PIB

I

II sau 107,16%

1145,18,83

4,93*

*

*

46

04

06===

PIB

PIB

PIB

I

II sau 111,45%

0465,18,83

7,87*

*

*

47

04

07===

PIB

PIB

PIB

I

II sau 104,65%

9964,08,83

5,83*

*

*

48

04

08===

PIB

PIB

PIB

I

II sau 99,64%

9737,08,83

6,81*

*

*

48

04

09===

PIB

PIB

PIB

I

II sau 97,37%

5DWD�LQIOD LHL�FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH�ILHF UXL�LQGLFH�VH�FDOFXOHD] �VF ]kQG������GLQ�YDORDUHD�

DFHVWXLD�H[SULPDW �SURFHQWXDO�

%100*

(%)44/ −= PIBtt IRI , unde 9,5=t ,

astfel:

%16,745 +=IR

%45,1146 +=IR

%65,447 +=IR

%36,048 −=IR

%63,249 −=IR

2. 6H� FXQRVF� XUP WRULL� LQGLFDWRUL� SHQWUX� HFRQRPLD� 5RPkQLHL� SHQWUX� DQLL� ����� úL� �����

�PLOLDUGH�OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH��

Tabelul 8.3.

Indicator 1994 1996 0 1 2

1. Consumul final 38452,4 89939,4 ���&RQVXPXO�ILQDO�DO�SRSXOD LHL 31442,0 75288,8 ���&RQVXPXO�ILQDO�DO�DGPLQLVWUD LHL�SXEOLFH 6851,8 14273,9 ���&RQVXPXO�ILQDO�DO�DGPLQLVWUD LHL�SULYDWH 158,6 376,7 ���)RUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSLWDO�IL[ 10095,7 24998,5 6. Modificarea stocurilor 2252,6 3161,4 7. Export net -1027,5 -9179,7 6. Export 12394,2 30651,1 7. Import 13421,7 39830,8 ���0RGLILFDUHD�SUH XULORU�ID �GH����������OD� • Consumul final • )RUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSLWDO�IL[ • Modificarea stocurilor • Export • Import

+97,36 +119,12 -16,6

+88,13 +84,41

Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1998, pag. 343, 347, 536

Se cere:

1. PIB�QRPLQDO�vQ�FHOH�GRX �SHULRDGH� 2. PIB�UHDO�vQ������ID �GH������ 3. Dinamica PIB real; 4. Deflatorul PIB�úL�UDWD�LQIOD LHL�vQ������ID �GH������ 5. Structura PIB��GXS �PHWRGD�FKHOWXLHOLORU��vQ�FHOH�GRX �SHULRDGH�úL�DQDOL]D�PXWD LLORU�

structurale.

Rezolvare

1. PIB nominal vQ�FHOH�GRX �SHULRDGH�VH�DIO �IRORVLQG�PHWRGD�FKHOWXLHOLORU�

PIB = CF + FBCF + S + EXN PIB0 = 38452,4 + 10095,7 + 2252,6 - 1027,5 = 49773,2 mld. lei PIB1 = 89939,4 + 24998,5 + 3161,4 - 9179,7 = 108919,6 mld. lei

2. 3,%�UHDO�vQ������ID �GH������VH�FDOFXOHD] �FRQIRUP�UHOD LHL�

PIB* = CF* + FBCF* + S* + EXP* - IMP* ,

unde:

mld.lei09,45585973,1

4,899391* ===p

CFI

CFCF

mld.lei63,11409191,2

5,249981* ===pFBCFI

FBCFFBCF

mld.lei64,3790834,0

4,31611* ==∆

=∆∆pSI

SS

mld.lei51,162928813,1

1,306511* ===pEXPI

EXPEXP

mld.lei04,215998441,1

8,398301* ===pIMPI

IMPIMP

mld.lei83,55478

04,2159951,1629264,379063,1140909,45585*1

=

=−+++=PIB

3. Dinamica PIB real

1146,12,49773

83,55478

0

*1*

===PIB

PIBI PIB sau 111,46%

PIB�UHDO�D�FUHVFXW�vQ������FX��������ID �GH������

4. Deflatorul PIB�VH�FDOFXOHD] �FD�UDSRUW�vQWUH�PIB�QRPLQDO�úL�PIB real din 1996:

9633,183,55478

6,108919*1

1 ===PIB

PIBD sau 196,33%

5DWD�LQIOD LHL�

%33,96%100%33,196%100(%) +=−=−= DRI

3. 6H�FXQRVF�GDWHOH��PLOLDUGH�OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH��

Tabelul 8.4.

Indicator 1994 1997 0 1 2

���5HPXQHUDUHD�VDODULD LORU 22250 82000 2. Amortizarea capitalului fix 4870 20400 ���)RUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSital fix 12200 53000 4. Excedentul brut de exploatare 19750 122500 ���,PSR]LWH�OHJDWH�GH�SURGXF LH�úL�LPSRUW 10300 55500 ���6XEYHQ LL�GH�H[SORDWDUH 2600 10000 ���5DWD�LQIOD LHL���� - 385

Se cere: 1. PIB�QRPLQDO�vQ�FHOH�GRX �SHULRDGH� 2. PIB real; 3. Dinamica PIB�UHDO�vQ�SHULRDGD�FXUHQW �ID �GH������

Rezolvare

1. Pentru calculul PIB nominal�VH�IRORVHúWH�PHWRGD�YHQLWXULORU�

PIB = RS + EBE + IPRI – SE PIB0 = 22250 + 19750 + 10300 – 2600 = 49700 mld. lei PIB1 = 82000 + 122500 + 55500 – 10000 = 250000 mld. lei

2. Produsul intern brut real (PIB*)

490000*0 == PIBPIB mld. lei

39,5154685,4

250000

100

100385

250000

100

10011*

1 ==+

=+

==RI

PIB

D

PIBPIB mld.lei

3. Dinamica PIB real

0371,149700

39,51546*0

*1*

===PIB

PIBI PIB sau 103,71%

PIB�UHDO�D�FUHVFXW�FX�������vQ������ID �GH������

4. Se cunosc datele (miliaUGH�OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH��

Tabelul 8.5.

Indicator Perioada GH�ED]

Perioada FXUHQW

0 1 2 ���9HQLWXO�QD LRQDO 38000 182000 2. Amortizarea capitalului fix 5800 20400 3. Impozite indirecte nete 5000 12000 4. Excedentul net de exploatare 22500 82000 5. Soldul veniturilor factorilor în raport cu VWU LQ WDWHD

-900 -35600

6. Exportul net -1000 -17000 7. Soldul transferurilor curente în raport cu VWU LQ WDWHD

+1400 +2000

Se cere: 1. PIB�QRPLQDO�vQ�FHOH�GRX �SHULRDGH� 2. PIN�OD�SUH XULOH�SLH HL�úL�PIN�OD�SUH XO�IDFWRULORU��SUH XULOH�GH�ED] �� 3. UHPXQHUDUHD�VDODULD LORU� 4. YHQLWXO�QD LRQDO�GLVSRQLELO�

Rezolvare

1. PIB = VN + IIN +A – SVFS, unde IIN –�LPSR]LWH�OHJDWH�GH�SURGXF LH�úL�LPSRUW�PLQXV�VXEYHQ LL�GH�H[SORDWDUH�

PIB0 = 38000 + 5000 + 5800 - (-900) = 49700 mld. lei PIB1 = 182000 + 12000 + 20400 – (-35600) = 250000 mld. lei

2. PINpp = PIB – A

PIN0,pp= 49700 – 5800 = 43900 mld. lei PIN1,pp = 250000 – 20400 = 229600 mld. lei

PINpf = PINpp – IIN

PIN0,pf = 43900 – 5000 = 38900 mld. lei PIN1,pf = 229600 – 12000 = 217600 mld. lei

3. 5HPXQHUDUHD�VDODULD LORU��56�

PIB = RS + ENE + A + IIN, unde ENE – excedentul net de exploatare, de unde: RS = PIB – ENE – A – IIN

RS0 = 49700 – 22500 – 5800 - 5000 = 16400 mld. lei RS1 = 250000 – 82000 – 20400 – 12000 = 135600 mld.lei

4. Venitul na LRQDO�GLVSRQLELO��91'�

VND = VN + STCS

VND0 = 38000 + 1400 = 39400 mld. lei VND1 = 182000 + 2000 = 184000 mld. lei

5. 6H�FXQRVF�XUP WRDUHOH�GDWH�

Tabelul 8.6.

Ramura Productivitatea muncii

�PLL�OHL�SHUVRDQ � 6WUXFWXUD�SRSXOD LHL�

ocupate (%) 1994 1996 1994 1996 0 1 2 3 4

,QGXVWULH���FRQVWUXF LL 6042,5 7447,25 35,09 33,93 $JULFXOWXU ���VLOYLFXOWXU 2726,6 3020,36 36,19 34,89 Alte ramuri 5134,5 5861,87 28,72 31,18 Total 100,0 100,0

Se cere:

1. GLQDPLFD�SURGXFWLYLW LL�PXQFLL�SH�ILHFDUH�UDPXU � 2. SURGXFWLYLWDWHD�PHGLH�D�PXQFLL�OD�QLYHOXO�vQWUHJLL�HFRQRPLL�vQ�FHOH�GRX �SHULRDGH� 3. LQGLFLL�GH�JUXS�DL�SURGXFWLYLW LL�PHGLL�D�PXQFLL�FX�VWUXFWXU �YDULDELO ��FX�VWUXFWXU �IL[ �úL�

DO�YDULD LHL�VWUXFWXULL� 4. V �VH�GHWHUPLQH�FRQWULEX LD�ILHF UXL�IDFWRU�OD�PRGLILFDUHD�DEVROXW �D�SURGXFWLYLW LL��PHGLL�

a muncii pe întreaga economie.

Rezolvare

1. 'LQDPLFD�SURGXFWLYLW LL�PXQFLL�SHQWUX�UDPXUD�i: 0

1

i

iW

W

WI i =

(vezi tabelul 8.7., coloana 1)

Tabelul 8.7.

Ramura 'LQDPLFD�SURGXFWLYLW LL�

muncii 0 1

,QGXVWULH���FRQVWUXF LL 1,2325 $JULFXOWXU ���VLOYLFXOWXU 1,1077 Alte ramuri 1,1417 Total

2. 3URGXFWLYLWDWHD� PHGLH� OD� QLYHOXO� vQWUHJLL� HFRQRPLL� VH� FDOFXOHD] � FD� PHGLH� DULWPHWLF �

SRQGHUDW � D� SURGXFWLYLW LORU� SH� UDPXUL� IRORVLQG� GUHSW� SRQGHUH� VWUXFWXUD� SRSXOD LHL�ocupare pe ramuri:

=⋅+⋅+⋅=⋅

=∑

=

100

72,285,513419,366,272609,355,6042

100

3

1(%)00

0i

POii gW

W

69,4581= PLL�OHL�SHUVRDQ

=++=⋅

=∑

=

100

18,31.586189,34.36,302093,33.25,7447

100

3

1(%)11

1i

POii gW

W mii lei

38,5408= PLL�OHL�SHUVRDQ

3. 3HQWUX� FDOFXODUHD� LQGLFLORU� GH� JUXS� HVWH� QHFHVDU � GHWHUPLQDUHD�� vQ� SUHDODELO�� D�SURGXFWLYLW LL�PHGLL�XWLOL]kQG�SURGXFWLYLW LOH�SDU LDOH�GLQ�SHULRDGD�GH�ED] �SRQGHUDWH�FX�VWUXFWXUD�SRSXOD LHL�RFXSDWH�GLQ�SHULRDGD�FXUHQW �

=⋅+⋅+⋅=⋅

=∑

=

100

18,315,513489,346,272693,335,6042

100

3

1(%)10

*i

POii gW

W

46,4602= PLL�OHL�SHUVRDQ �

Calculul indicilor de grup:

1804,169,4581

38,5408

0

1),( ====W

WII

POgWWSV sau 118,04%

0045,169,4581

46,4602

0

*)( ====W

WII

POgWVS sau 100,45%

1751,146,4602

38,5408

*

1)( ====W

WII WW

SF sau 117,51%

4. 0RGLILF ULOH�DEVROXWH�VH�RE LQ�VF ]kQG�QXPLWRUXO�GLQ�QXP U WRU�SHQWUX�ILHFDUH�LQGLFH�

astfel:

69,82669,458138,540801),( =−=−=∆ WW

POgWW mii lei

77,2069,458146,46020*)( =−=−=∆ WW

POW mii lei

92,80546,460238,5408*1)( =−=−=∆ WWWW mii lei

0RGLILF ULOH�DEVROXWH�YHULILF �UHOD LD�GH�VLVWHP�

69,82692,80577,20)()(),( =−=∆+∆=∆ WWgWgWW POPO

mii lei

3H�ED]D�DFHVWHL�UHOD LL�VH�SRDWH�GHWHUPLQD�FRQWULEX LD�UHODWLY �D�ILHF UXL�IDFWRU�OD�PRGLILFDUHD�SURGXFWLYLW LL�PHGLL�D�PXQFLL��SH�Wotal:

0258,069,826

77,20),(

)()(

==∆

∆=∆PO

POPOgW

gWW

gW

K sau 2,58%

9742,069,826

92,805),(

)()(

==∆

∆=∆PO

WW

gWW

WW

K sau 97,42%

5H]XOW �F ��SH�WRWDO�HFRQRPLH��PRGLILFDUHD�DEVROXW �D�SURGXFWLYLW LL�PXQFLL�VH�GDWRUHD] �DSURDSH� vQ� WRWDOLWDWH� FUHúWHULL� SURGXFWLYLW LL� PXQFLL� OD� QLYHOXO� UDPXULORU� �������), LQIOXHQ D� PRGLILF ULL� VWUXFWXULL� SRSXOD LHL� RFXSDWH� SH� UDPXUL� ILLQG� QHVHPQLILFDWLY �(2,58%).

6. 6H�FXQRVF�XUP WRDUHOH�GDWH�

Tabelul 8.8.

Indicator 1996 1997 0 1 2

1. Salariul mediu net (lei) 321169 632086 2. Structura cheltuielilor de consum (%):

• 0 UIXUL�DOLPHQWDUH • 0 UIXUL�QHDOLPHQWDUH • Servicii

56,4 28,5 15,1

58,10 25,50 16,40

���0RGLILFDUHD�SUH XULORU�ID �GH����������OD� • 0 UIXUL�DOLPHQWDUH • 0 UIXUL�QHDOLPHQWDUH • Servicii

+151,36 +152,52 +176,47

Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1998, pag. 168, 184

Se cere: 1. LQGLFHOH�SUH XULORU�GH�FRQVXP� 2. salariul real; 3. dinamica salariului real; 4. UDWD�LQIOD LHL�vQ�GRPHQLXO�FRQVXPXOXL�

Rezolvare

1. ,QGLFHOH�SUH XULORU�GH�FRQVXP

100

(%)0∑=

Cp gIIPC

Se cunosc datele privind structura cheltXLHOLORU� vQ� SHULRDGD� GH� ED] � � Cg (%)0 �� úL�

PRGLILFDUHD�SUH XULORU�úL�WDULIHORU�(Rp = IP(%) - 100). Deci,

100

100+=p

p RI , de unde:

5548,2100

1,157647,25,285252,24,565136,2

100(%)0 =⋅+⋅+⋅== ∑ Cp gI

IPC

2. Salariul real (SR)

IPC

SNSR =

32116900 == SNSR lei/salariat

14,2474115548,2

63208611 ===

IPC

SNSR lei/salariat

3. Dinamica salariului real

7703,0321169

14,247411

0

1 ===SR

SRI SR sau 77,03%

'HFL��SXWHUHD�GH�FXPS UDUH�D�VDODULXOXL�PHGLX�QRPLQDO�QHW�D�VF ]XW�vQ������ID �GH������FX���������FHHD�FH�vQVHDPQ �F �VDODULLOH�DX�FUHVFXW�PDL�SX LQ�GHFkW�SUH XULOH�GH�FRQVXP��'DF � SUH XULOH� DX� FUHVFXW� FX� ��������� VDODULXO� QRPLQDO� QHW� D� FUHVFXW� FX� ������

−100100.

321169

632086.

7. 6H�FXQRVF�XUP WRDUHOH�GDWHOH�

Tabelul 8.9.

Indicatori 1996 1997 0 1 2

3,%��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH� 108391 249750 Rata consumului final (%) 83,69 85,50 5DWD�LQYHVWL LLORU�EUXWH���� 23,13 19,20 9DULD LD�VWRFXULORU�PDWHULDOH��POG�OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH�

1695

5744

Indicii volumului fizic (%) pentru : - consumul final -�IRUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSLWDO - export net

100 100 100

93,69 85,60 72,91

Sursa: calcule pe baza Anuarului Statistic al României, anul 1997; date CNS pentru anul 1997

Se cere:

1. exportul net în cei doi ani; 2. PIB real; 3. GLQDPLFD�QRPLQDO �úL�UHDO �D�PIB; 4. deflatorul PIB�úL�UDWD�LQIOD LHL�

Rezolvare:

1. PURGXVXO�LQWHUQ�EUXW�GXS �PHWRGD�XWLOL] ULL� ILQDOH�VH�GHWHUPLQ �FD�VXP �D�XUP WRDUHORU�HOHPHQWH��FRQVXP�ILQDO�DO�SRSXOD LHL�úL�DGPLQLVWUD LHL��CF���IRUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSLWDO�IL[�(FBCF���YDULD LD�VWRFXULORU�� S∆ ��úL�H[SRUW�QHW��EXN).

• Rata consumului final este:

100100

PIBRCFCF

PIB

CFRCF

⋅=⇒⋅=

CF96= 0,8369⋅������� �������POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH CF97= 0,855⋅������� ��������POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH

• 5DWD�LQYHVWL LLORU�EUXWH��RIB) este:

100100

PIBRIBFBCF

PIB

FBCFRIB

⋅=⇒⋅=

FBCF96= 0,2313⋅108391 = 25076 mld. lei pUH XUL�FXUHQWH FBCF97= 0,192⋅������� �������POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH

([SRUWXO�QHW��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH��

⇒+∆++= EXNSFBCFCFPIB

⇒ EXN = PIB-CF-FBCF- ∆ S EXN96= 108391 – 90711- 25076-1695 = -9091 EXN97=249750 – 213536 – 47952 – 5744 = -17482

2. PIB real�VH�GHWHUPLQ �vQ�DFHVW�FD]�FD�VXP �D�FRPSRQHQWHORU�VDOH�GHIOD LRQDWH�FX�DMXWRUXO�

LQGLFLORU� GH� SUH XUL� FRUHVSXQ] WRUL�� ,QGLFLL� SUH XULORU� FRPSRQHQWHORU� Cj ale PIB se

FDOFXOHD] �SRUQLQG�GH�OD�UHOD LD�qC

vCp

Cp

CqC

vC

j

j

jjjj I

IIIII =⇒⋅= ,

unde:

vC j

I - indicele valorii nominale a componentei j; qC j

I - indicele volumului fizic a componentei j;

pC j

I - LQGLFHOH�SUH XULORU�FRPSRQHQWHL�j.

&RQIRUP�UHOD LHL�DQWHULRDUH��LQGLFLL�GH�SUH XUL�SHQWUX�FRQVXPXO�ILQDO�CF��IRUPDUHD�EUXW �de capital FBC� �FD� VXP � vQWUH� IRUPDUHD� EUXW � GH� FDSLWDO� IL[� úL� YDULD LD� VWRFXULORU�� úL�exportul net EXN sunt:

513,29369,0

90711

213536

==pCFI

343,2856,0

169525076

574447952

=++

=pFBCI

637,27291,0

9091

17482

=−−

=pEXNI

PIB real (PIB *) sH�GHWHUPLQ �FX�UHOD LD�

∑∑ ==j

pc

j

jj

jI

CCPIB ** ,

unde: *jC - componenta j�GHIOD LRQDW

10839196*96 == PIBPIB �POG��OHL�SUH XUL�����

=−+=++=637,2

17482

343,2

53696

513,2

213536*97 p

EXNpFBC

pCF I

EXN

I

FBC

I

CFPIB

��������POG��OHL�SUH XUL����� 3. 'LQDPLFD�QRPLQDO �D�3,%:

3042,2108391

249750

96

97 ===PIB

PIBI PIB sau 230,42%

'LQDPLFD�UHDO �D�3,%:

9342,0108391

101261*96

*97

• ===PIB

PIBI

PIB sau 93,42%

&X� WRDWH� F � PIB nominal a crescut cu 130,42%, dinamica PIB� H[SULPDW� vQ� SUH XUL�FRQVWDQWH�DUDW �F �vQ�UHDOLWDWH�V-a înregistrat o reducere cu 6,58% a PIB��'LIHUHQ D�GLQWUH�FHOH�GRX �GLQDPLFL�HVWH�H[SOLFDW �SULQ�FUHúWHUHD�SUH XULORU�

4. Deflatorul PIB –�HVWH�XQ�LQGLFH�VLQWHWLF�DO�SUH XULORU�FRPSRQHQWHORU�PIB�úL�VH�RE LQH�FD�

raport între PIB real (PIB*��úL�QRPLQDO��PIB):

*PIB

PIBD =

Pentru anul 1997, deflatorul PIB este:

467,2101261

249750D ==

5DWD�LQIOD LHL (RI):

%7,146%100%7,246%100% +=−=−= DRI

8. 6H�FXQRVF�XUP WRDUHOH�GDWH�

Tabelul 8.10.

Indicatori 1996 1997 0 1 2

Venitul disponibil brut*��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH� 110890 253746 (FRQRPLD�EUXW *��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH� 20179 40210 )RUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSLWDO�IL[��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH� 25076 47952 9DULD LD�VWRFXULORU��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH� 1695 5744 ([SRUW�QHW��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH� - 9091 - 17482 ,PSR]LWH�SH�SURGXV��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH� 7900 18981 6XEYHQ LL��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH� 1849 2498 7D[H�YDPDOH��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH� 1853 3497 6WUXFWXUD�YDORULL�DG XJDWH�EUXWH����� ��DJULFXOWXU �úL�VLOYLFXOWXU • industrie ��FRQVWUXF LL • alte ramuri

….

100 20,43 38,70 5,87

35,00 ,QGLFLL�GH�SUH XUL�DL�9$% (%) în: ��DJULFXOWXU �úL�VLOYLFXOWXU • industrie ��FRQVWUXF LL • alte ramuri

100 100 100 100

224,1 252,5 231,0 256,1

Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1997; date CNS pentru anul 1997.

Se cere:

1. PIB�OD�SUH XULOH�SLH HL� 2. YDORDUHD�DG XJDW �EUXW � 3. PIB�UHDO�OD�SUH XULOH�IDFWRULORU� 4. UDWD�LQIOD LHL�

Rezolvare

1. 3,%�OD�SUH XULOH�SLH HL�VH�SRDWH�GHWHUPLQD�SULQ�PHWRGD�FKHOWXLHOLORU��FRQIRUP�UHOD LHL�

EXNTVSFBCFCFPIBpp ++∆++= ,

unde: CF - FRQVXPXO�ILQDO��DO�SRSXOD LHL�úL�DGPLQLVWUD iei); FBCF - IRUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSLWDO�IL[�

S∆ - YDULD LD�VWRFXULORU� TV - taxe vamale; EXN - export net (export minus import).

Consumul final poate fi calculat ca diferHQ � vQWUH� YHQLWXO� GLVSRQLELO� EUXW� �VDB�� úL�HFRQRPLD�EUXW ��EB):

CF = VDB – EB

CF96 = 110890 –������� �������POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH

CF97 = 253746 –������� ��������POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH

PIB�OD�SUH XULOH�SLH HL��POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH��

PIB96 = 90711 + 25076 + 1695 – 9091 = 108391 mld. lei PIB97 = 213536 + 47952 + 5744 – 17482 = 249750 mld. lei

2. 9DORDUHD� DG XJDW � EUXW � SH� DQVDPEOXO� HFRQRPLHL� VH� GHWHUPLQ � VF ]kQG� GLQ� PIB,

impozitele indirecte nete (impozite pe produs IP� PLQXV� VXEYHQ LL� S plus taxe vamale TV):

Σ VABi = PIB – (IP - S + TV) Σ VAB96 = 108391 – (7900 -�������������� ��������POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH Σ VAB97 = 249750 – (18981 -�������������� ��������POG��OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH

3. 3,%�UHDO�OD�SUH XULOH�IDFWRULORU�VH�GHWHUPLQ �vQVXPkQG�YDORDUHD�DG XJDW �EUXW �SH�UDPXUL�

DOH�HFRQRPLHL��GHIOD LRQDW �FX�LQGLFLL�FRUHVSXQ] WRUL�GH�SUH XUL�

,1**

÷Σ=Σ=Σ=

∑ pii

ipfp

i

iipf

IVAB

VABPIB

I

VABVABPIB

unde:

∑ i

i

VAB

VAB - ponderea VAB din ramura i în total;

piI - LQGLFHOH�GH�SUH XUL�DO�VAB din ramura i;

*96PIB = PIB96 ��������POG��OHL�SUH XUL�����

4,934031,256

35

231

87,5

5,252

70,38

1,224

43,20229770*

97 =

+++⋅=PIB �POG��OHL�SUH XUL������

4. 5DWD�LQIOD LHL (RI) se poate calcula pe baza deflatorului PIB (D���FRQIRUP�UHOD LHL�

RI = D% - 100%

Deflatorul PIB:

45997,24,93403

229770*97

9797 ===

PIB

PIBD sau 245,997%

5DWD�LQIOD LHL�vQ�DQXO������HVWH�

RI97 = 245,997% – 100% = +145,997%.

9. 6H�FXQRVF�XUP WRDUHOH�GDWH�SULYLQG�YHQLWXULOH�úL�FRQVXPXO�IDPLOLLORU�GH�VDODULD L�

Tabelul 8.11.

Indicatori UM 1995 1996

0 1 2 3

&RQVXPXO�OXQDU�DO�IDPLOLLORU�GH�VDODULD L��SUH XUL�

curente) OHL�JRVSRG ULH 518790 759958

Structura cheltuielilor de consum ale familiilor de

VDODULD L�

• P UIXUL�DOLPHQWDUH�úL�E XWXUL

• vPEU F PLQWH�úL�vQF O PLQWH

• ORFXLQ �úL��vQ]HVWUDUHD�FX�EXQXUL

• PHGLFDPHQWH�úL�VHUYLFLL�PHGLFDOH

• WUDQVSRUW�úL�FRPXQLFD LL

• vQY PkQW��FXOWXU

• alte cheltuieli

%

56,1

11,8

15,0

1,2

7,1

4,5

4,3

56,4

11,3

15,7

1,5

6,3

4,1

4,7

,QGLFLL�SUH XULORU�GH�FRQVXP�SH�JUXSH�GH�P UIXUL�

(1995=100)

• P UIXUL�DOLPHQWDUH�úL�E XWXUL

• vPEU F PLQWH�úL�vQF O PLQWH

• ORFXLQ �úL��vQ]HVWUDUHD�FX�bunuri

• PHGLFDPHQWH�úL�VHUYLFLL�PHGLFDOH

• WUDQVSRUW�úL�FRPXQLFD LL

• vQY PkQW��FXOWXU

• alte cheltuieli

%

138,7

132,0

138,5

136,4

151

141,1

135,5

Fond lunar de salarii mld. lei

SUH XUL�FXUHQWH

1302,058 1907,423

1XP U�PHGLX�GH�VDODULD L mii persoane 6160 5939 Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1997, p.190-191, 196, 412.

Se cere:

1. LQGLFHOH�SUH XULORU�GH�FRQVXP� 2. VDODULXO�QRPLQDO�úL�UHDO��GLQDPLFD�DFHVWRUD� 3. FRQWULEX LD�IDFWRULORU�OD�PRGLILFDUHD�DEVROXW �D�IRQGXOXL�UHDO�GH�VDODULL� 4. indicele puterii dH�FXPS UDUH�D�EDQLORU� 5. GLQDPLFD�QRPLQDO �úL�UHDO �D�FRQVXPXOXL�IDPLOLLORU�GH�VDODULD L�

Rezolvare

1. ,QGLFHOH� SUH XULORU� GH� FRQVXP (IPC�� VH� FDOFXOHD] � FD� PHGLH� DULWPHWLF � SRQGHUDW � D�

LQGLFLORU� LQGLYLGXDOL� GH� SUH XUL� SH� JUXSH� GH� P UIXUL�� IRORVLQG� FD� SRQGHUH� structura FKHOWXLHOLORU�GH�FRQVXP�GLQ�SHULRDGD�GH�ED] �

100

(%)0∑ ⋅= j

Cj

pj gI

IPC ,

unde: pjI -�LQGLFHOH�SUH XULORU�SHQWUX�JUXSD�j; C

jg (%)0 - Structura cheltuielilor de consum pentru grupei j (anul 1995).

ÌQ�FHOH�FH�XUPHD] �YRP�QRWD�FX�³�³�SHULRDGD�GH�ED] ��DQXO�������úL�FX�³�³SHULRDGD�GH�FXUHQW ��DQXO�������

IPC0= 100% IPC1= (138,7 ⋅ 56,1 + 132 ⋅ 11,8 + 138,5 ⋅ 15 + 136,4 ⋅ 1,2 + 151 ⋅ 7,1 +

+ 141,1 ⋅ 4,5 + 135,5 ⋅ 4,3) = 139%

2. Salariul mediu nominal – se poate calcula ca raporW�vQWUH�IRQGXO�PHGLX�OXQDU�GH�VDODULL�úL�QXP UXO�GH�VDODULD L��6H�H[SULP �vQ�SUH XULOH�FXUHQWH�DOH�ILHF UXL�DQ�

T

FSSN = ,

unde: SN - salariul nominal; FS - fondul de salarii; T - QXP U�GH�VDODULD L�

Salariul nominal mediu pe economie în �����úL������D�IRVW�

211373106160

10058,13023

9

0 =⋅

⋅=SN lei / salariat

321169105939

10423,19073

9

1 =⋅

⋅=SN lei / salariat

Dinamica salariului nominal în perioada 1995 - 1996 a fost:

%94,151100211373

321169100

0

1 =⋅=⋅=SN

SNI SN

Salariul real (SR) -� H[SULP �SXWHUHD�GH�FXPS UDUH�D�VDODULXOXL�QRPLQDO� úL� VH�RE LQH�FD�UDSRUW�vQWUH�VDODULXO�QRPLQDO�úL�IPC:

IPC

SNSR =

SR0 = SN0

23105739,1

321169

1

11 ===

IPC

SNSR lei / salariat

Dinamica salariului real�vQ������ID �GH������

%3,109100213373

231057100

0

1 =⋅=⋅=SR

SRISR

'HúL�VDODULXO�QRPLQDO�D�FUHVFXW�FX��������QLYHOXO�ULGLFDW�DO�LQIOD LHL�D�SHUPLV�XQ�VSRU�GH�numai 9,3% al salariului real.

3. Fondul real de salarii��vQ�SUH XUL�FRQVWDQWH�������–�VH�RE LQH�vPS U LQG�IRQGXO�QRPLQDO�GH�VDODULL�OD�LQGLFHOH�SUH XULORU�GH�FRQVXP�

leimild.247,137239,1

423,19071*1 ===

IPC

FSFS

Pentru anul 1996, fondul nominal de salarii este egal cu fondul real de salarii:

FS•0 = FS0 = 1302,058 mild. lei

0RGLILFDUHD�DEVROXW �D�IRQGXOXL�UHDO�GH�VDODULL:

leimld.189,70058,1302247,1372*0

*1

* =−=−=∆ FSFSFS

)RQGXO�UHDO�GH�VDODULL�GHSLQGH�GH�VDODULXO�UHDO�úL�GH�QXP UXO�GH�VDODULD L�

TSRIPC

TSNFS ⋅=⋅=*

,QIOXHQ D�FUHúWHULL�VDODULXOXL�UHDO�DVXSUD�PRGLILF ULL�IRQGXOXL�UHDO�GH�VDODULL�

leimld903,116leimii116909270

5939)211373231057()()( 101•

≅==⋅−=⋅−=∆ TSRSRSRFS

,QIOXHQ D�UHGXFHULL�QXP UXOXL�VDODULD LORU:

leimld.713,46

leimii433,46713211373)61605939()()( 001*

−≅≅−=⋅−=⋅−=∆ SRTTTFS

Verificare: 70,189 ≈ 116,903 – 46,713

4. ,QGLFHOH�SXWHULL�GH�FXPS UDUH�D�EDQLORU (IPCB):

%9,71sau719,039,1

1

1

==

=

IPCB

IPCIPCB

5H]XOW � F � vQ� DQXO� ����� SXWHUHD� GH� FXPS UDUH� D� EDQLORU� UHSUH]LQW � QXPDL� ������ GLQ�QLYHOXO�DQXOXL�������5HGXFHUHD�SXWHULL�GH�FXPS UDUH�D�IRVW�GH�������

5. 'LQDPLFD�QRPLQDO �D�FRQVXPXOXL�OXQDU�DO�IDPLOLLORU�GH�VDODULD L�D�IRVW�

1000

1 ⋅=CN

CNI CN ,

unde: CN1� úL� CN0 –� FRQVXPXO� QRPLQDO� OXQDU� �H[SULPDW� vQ� SUH XUL� FXUHQWH�� DO� IDPLOLLORU� GH�

VDODULD L

%49,146100518790

759958 =⋅=CNI

&RQVXPXO� QRPLQDO� OXQDU� DO� IDPLOLLORU� GH� VDODULD L� D� FUHVFXW� FX� �������� 2� SDUWH� GLQ�DFHDVW �FUHúWHUH�HVWH�GDWRUDW �LQIOD LHL��3HQWUX�D�GHWHUPLQD�GLQDPLFD�UHDO �D�FRQVXPXOXL��vom calcula în prealabil consumul lunar real (CR��� FX� DMXWRUXO� LQGLFHOXL� SUH XULORU� GH�consum:

IPC

CNCR =

51879000 == CNCR OHL���JRVSRG ULH

54673239,1

7599581 ==CR OHL���JRVSRG ULH

'LQDPLFD�UHDO �a consumului�OXQDU�DO�IDPLOLLORU�GH�VDODULD L�D�IRVW�

%39,105100518790

546732100

0

1 =⋅=⋅=CR

CRI CR

'HúL�YDORDUHD�FRQVXPXOXL�D�FUHVFXW�FX���������DFHDVW �GLQDPLF �VH�GDWRUHD] �vQ�FHD�PDL�PDUH�SDUWH�FUHúWHULL�SUH XULORU�OD�EXQXULOH�úL�VHUYLFLLOH�FDUH�LQWU �vQ�FRQVXPXO�IDPLOLLORU�de VDODULD L��&UHúWHUHD� UHDO � �D� FDQWLW LL� GH� EXQXUL� úL� VHUYLFLL� FRQVXPDWH�� D� IRVW�PXOW�PDL�PRGHVW �������� PROBLEME PROPUSE

1. 6H� FXQRVF� XUP WRULL� LQGLFDWRUL� SHQWUX� HFRQRPLD� 5RPkQLHL� SHQWUX� DQLL� ����� úL� �����

�PLOLDUGH�OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH��

Tabelul 8.12.

Indicator 1994 1997 0 1 2

���3URGXF LD�EUXW 100339,4 - 2. Consumul intermediar 54384,7 - ���9DORDUHD�DG XJDW �EUXW - 229445,3 ���)RUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSLWDO�IL[ 10095,7 55074,2 5. Consumul final 38452,4 213772,8 6. Consumul final al�SRSXOD LHL 31442,0 188416,2 7. Impozite pe produs (inclusiv TVA) 3848,2 19306,7 8. Taxe vamale 648,9 3808,2 ���6XEYHQ LL�SH�SURGXV 678,6 2080,0 9. Modificarea stocurilor 2252,6 -501,3 10. Export net -1027,5 -17865,5

Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1998, pag. 340-343 Se cere:

1. PIB�QRPLQDO�IRORVLQG�PHWRGHOH�FH�SRW�IL�DSOLFDWH�vQ�IXQF LH�GH�GDWHOH�GLVSRQLELOH� 2. PIB�UHDO�GDF �SUH XULOH�SURGXVHORU�úL�VHUYLFLLORU�ILQDOH�DX�FUHVFXW�vQ������ID �GH������FX�

385,3%; dinamica PIB�UHDO�ID �GH������

2. 6H�FXQRVF�XUP WRDUHOH�GDWH�SULYLQG�FRQVXPXO�GH�HQHUJLH�HOHFWULF �úL�YDORDUHD�DG XJDW �EUXW ��

SH�UDPXUL��SHQWUX������úL������

Tabelul 8.13. VAB* (miliarde lei SUH XUL�FRQVWDQWH�

(QHUJLH�HOHFWULF �FRQVXPDW ��PLO. kWh) Ramura

1994 1996 1994 1996 0 1 2 3 4

,QGXVWULH���FRQVWUXF LL 21269,6 23831,2 34583 39759 $JULFXOWXU ���VLOYLFXOWXU 9897,6 9937,0 1834 1332 Alte ramuri 14787,5 17233,9 20509 22501 Total 45954,7 51002,1 56926 63592 Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1997, pag. 543; anul 1998, pag. 118, 340-342

Se cere: 1. FRQVXPXO�GH�HQHUJLH�HOHFWULF �FRQVXPDW �FH�UHYLQH�OD������OHL�VAB*� OD�QLYHOXO�ILHF UHL�

UDPXUL�úL�SH�DQVDPEOXO�HFRQRPLHL� 2. V � VH� GHWHUPLQH� LQIOXHQ D� IDFWRULORU� DVXSUD� PRGLILF ULL� FRQVXPXOXL� PHGLX� GH� HQHUJLH�

HOHFWULF �SH�vQWUHDJD�HFRQRPLH� 3. V �VH�FRPSDUH�GLQDPLFD�FRQVXPXOXL�PHGLX�GH�HQHUJLH�HOHFWULF �SH�DQVDPEOXO�HFRQRPLHL�

cu dinamica PIB� úWLLQG� F � PIB nominal a fost de 49773,2 mld. lei în 1994, de 108919,6 mld. lei în 1996 iar�UDWD�LQIOD LHL�vQ������ID �GH������D�IRVW�GH��������

4. V �VH�GHWHUPLQH�FRQWULEX LD�ILHF UXL�IDFWRU� OD�PRGLILFDUHD�DEVROXW �D�FRQVXPXOXL�PHGLX�GH�HQHUJLH�HOHFWULF �SH�vQWUHDJD�HFRQRPLH�

3. 6H� FXQRVF� XUP WRULL� LQGLFDWRUL� SHQWUX� HFRQRPLD� 5RPkQLHL� SHQWUX� DQLL� ����� úL� �����

�PLOLDUGH�OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH��

Tabelul 8.14. Indicator 1994 1996

0 1 2 ���3URGXF LD�EUXW 100339,4 240598,8 2. Consumul intermediar 54384,7 138744,6 3. Impozite pe produs (inclusiv TVA) 3848,2 7458,7 4. Taxe vamale 648,9 1852,3 5. SuEYHQ LL�SH�SURGXV 678,6 2245,6 ���0RGLILFDUHD�SUH XULORU�ID �GH����������OD�

• 3URGXF LD�EUXW • Consumul intermediar • Impozite pe produs • Taxe vamale • 6XEYHQ LL�SH�SURGXV

+132,84 +141,59 +73,38

+205,52 +171,49

Sursa: Anuarul Statistic al României, anul 1998, pag. 354, 360 Se cere:

1. PIB�QRPLQDO�vQ�FHOH�GRX �SHULRDGH� 2. PIB�UHDO�vQ������ID �GH������

4. 6H�FXQRVF�XUP WRDUHOH�GDWH�

Tabelul 8.15.

(ILFLHQ D�IRORVLULL�PLMORDFHORU�fixe (lei VAB*/1000 lei F)

Structura mijloacelor fixe (%) Ramura

1994 1996 1994 1996 0 1 2 3 4

,QGXVWULH���FRQVWUXF LL 1088 980 60,5 59,0 $JULFXOWXU ���VLOYLFXOWXU 3533 2474 9,0 12,4 Alte ramuri 1563 1455 30,5 28,6 Total 100,0 100,0

Se cere: 1. GLQDPLFD�HILFLHQ HL�IRORVLULL�PLMORDFHORU�IL[H�SH�ILHFDUH�UDPXU � 2. efiFLHQ D� PHGLH� D� IRORVLULL� PLMORDFHORU� IL[H� OD� QLYHOXO� vQWUHJLL� HFRQRPLL� vQ� FHOH� GRX �

perioade; 3. LQGLFLL�GH�JUXS�DL� HILFLHQ HL�PHGLL� D� IRORVLULL�PLMORDFHORU� IL[H�FX� VWUXFWXU �YDULDELO ��FX�

VWUXFWXU �IL[ �úL�DO�YDULD LHL�VWUXFWXULL� 4. V � VH� GHWHUPLQH�FRQWULEX LD� ILHF UXL� IDFWRU� OD�PRGLILFDUHD�DEVROXW � D�HILFLHQ HL�PHGLL� D�

folosirii mijloacelor fixe pe întreaga economie.

5. 6H� FXQRVF� XUP WRULL� LQGLFDWRUL� SHQWUX� HFRQRPLD� 5RPkQLHL� SHQWUX� DQLL� ����� úL� �����

�PLOLDUGH�OHL�SUH XUL�FXUHQWH��

Tabelul 8.16.

Indicator 1998 1999 0 1 2

1. Consumul final 335000 470000 ���)RUPDUHD�EUXW �GH�FDSLWDO�IL[ 68000 97000 3. Modificarea stocurilor -1600 -4500 4. Export net -30000 -23000 5. Amortizarea capitalului fix 8400 12000

Se cere:

1. PIB�QRPLQDO�vQ�FHOH�GRX �SHULRDGH� 2. PIN QRPLQDO�vQ�FHOH�GRX �SHULRDGH� 3. PIB�UHDO�GDF �SUH XULOH�SURGXVHORU�úL�VHUYLFLLORU�ILQDOH�DX�FUHVFXW�vQ������ID �GH������

cu 50%; 4. Dinamica PIB real.