fatawa 85 cÂu hoi Đap ve viec nhin chay ramadan

7/28/2019 FATAWA 85 CU HOI AP VE VIEC NHIN CHAY RAMADAN

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Chanlyislam 1

FATAWA 85 CU HI P V VIC NHN CHAY

THNG RAMADAN THEO GIO L ISLAM

:

Alhamdulillah, tn Allah, ng Cha T ca ton v tr v mun loi v chc chn s thnht ch thuc vnhm ngi bit knh sAllah. Cu xin bnh an v phc lnh cho v N L, v ThinS ca Ngi, Muhammad, cho tt c bng hu ca Ngi v tt c nhng ai noi gng theo Ngi chon ngy tn th. V sau na.

Cu hi 1:Tha Sheikh, chnhn chay mang ngha g theo ngn tRp vtheo gio l I slam?

p:

Ch nhn chay theo ngn t Rp ngha l kin nhn, nh Allah phn:

:6

Mt khi Ngi (Mar-yam) thy c mt ai th hy bo y: Ti nguyn nhn chay ving Rt Mc Lng, cho nn ti s khng ni chuyn vi bt c mt ai. Mar-yam: 26(chng 19).

Cu nguyn nhn chay tc ti nguyn im lng khng ni chuyn vi bt c ai.

Theo gio l Islam nhn chay mang ngha l s tn thAllah bng vic nhn n ung, nhngiao hp v nhn cc iu tng t k t rng ng xut hin n mt tri ln.

Cu hi 2:Tha Sheikh, nhn chay gm my loi ?

p: Nhn chay c chia lm hai loi:

Loi nhn chay bt buc:i khi mt l do no nh chu pht hoc nguyn nhn v ikhi khng c l do nh nhn chay Ramadan. Vic nhn chay Ramadan l iu bt buc theo gio lIslam.

Loi nhn chay khng bt buc: Nhn vo s ngy nht nh v nhn vo s ngy khngnht nh.

Th d nhn vo s ngy nht nh nh nhn chay vo ngy th hai v thnm. Th d nhn vo s ngy khng nht nh nh nhn bt cngy no trong nm nhng phi trnh

nhng ngy b gio l nghim cm nh ch nhn chay vo ngy th su duy nht, nhn chayvo hai ngy tt Al-Fit-r v tt Al-Adh-ha, nhn vo cc ngy Al-Tashreeq, ring nhng ngilm Haj Al-Qiron v Haj Al-Tamadtu khng c vt git t th c php nhn chay trong sngy Al-Tashreeq trong lc ang lm Haj.


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Chanlyislam 2

Cu hi 3:Tha Sheikh, Gio l Islam gii thch thno v nhn chay Ramadam?

p: Nhn chay Ramadan l nhim v bt buc trong Islam c dn chng tQuran, t Sunnah vt s thng nht ca cng ng.

TQuran: Allah phn:

:381-38

Hi nhng ngi c c tin! (Allah) truyn xung snhn chay bt buc cc ngi cngnh nhng th h trc cc ngi phi nhn hng (rn luyn cc ngi) tr thnh ngi bitknh s (TA) * (Ch bt buc nhn chay) trong mt s ngy n nh (tc trong thngRamadan). i vi nhng ai trong cc ngi (Muslim) b bnh hoc ang i ng xa nh thc php hon vic nhn chay li v nhn b vo nhng ngy khc tng ng sngy thiu,

nhng i vi nhng ai c khnng king c(nhng s rt cht vt trong vic nhn chay v giyu), th c php chuc ti bng cch nui n (mi ngy) mt ngi ngho. V ai c lng tnguyn lm tt hn (trong vic b th), qul iu tt cho y. Tuy nhin thc hin vic nhn chays tt nht i vi cc ngi nu cc ngi bit c (gi tr ca s nhn chay) * ThngRamadan chnh l thng m Thin Kinh Quran c (khi u) mc khi, nhm hng nhnloi n vi chn l v qua Quran h s bit c u l thin v u l c (u l chn l sngchi v u l lm lc khng li thot). Bi th, ai trong cc ngi chng kin (tc c mt ti qunh) trong thng (Ramadan) th phi nhn chay trn thng. Al-Baqarah: 183185 (chng 2).

T Sunnah: Nabi ni:

((:

))

Islam c xy dng trn nm nn tng: li tuyn th La i l a ha i l lol loh vMuhammad lRasulca Al lah, dng lSalah, xut Zakat bt buc, hnh hng(Haj) ti ngi n Ka'bah vnhn chaythng Ramadan.(1)

Nabi ni Hadith khc:

(())

Mt khi cc ngi nhn thy (trng li l im thng Ramadan) th hy nhn chay ngay.(2)

T s thng nht ca cng ng: Cng ng Muslim ng thng nht vic nhn chayRamadan l nhim v bt buc, y l mt trong nm Rukun (nn tng, tr ct) ca Islam, ai ph nhnnhim vny th y l Kafir (ngi ngoi o), ring ai mt ni ho lnh khng bit t t no v giol th c tm tha nhng khi c mi ngi gii thch r rng th phi thi hnh nhim v nu khngl Kafir.

(1) Hadith do Al-Bukhary 1/9 (8) v Muslim 1/34 (16 & 21) ghi li.

(2) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc nhn chay, chng gi theo cch no Ramadan hay thng Ramadan, s (1900) v

Muslim ghi mc nhn chay, chng bt buc nhn chay khi thy li lim Ramadan, s (1080).


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Chanlyislam 3

i vi ai li bing khng chu nhn chay nhng trong lng th chp nhn nhn chay l nhimv bt buc th y ang trn bvc nguy him. C vi Ulama cho rng y l k phn o nhng ngra y vn l ngi Muslim, mt ngi Muslim h n ang i trn b vc ca s nguy him khnlng.

Cu hi 4:Tha Sheikh, vtr ca nhn chay trong tn gio Islam ra sao, v n phc ca n nh

thno trong vic hnh o c bit ltrong thng Ramadan ?p: Nhn chay c v tr rt quan trng, n l mt trong nm Rukun (nn tng, tr ct) ca tn gioIslam m khng mt iu no c th thay thc n. Vn phc nh c nhc Hadith, Nabi ni:

((

))

Ai nhn chay vo thng Romadon bng stin tng vhy vng c phn thng tAllah sc tha thcho tt c ti li phm.(3)

Cu hi 5:Tha Sheikh, gio l Islam ra sao v vic n ung vo ban ngy Ramadan nhng khngc bt cl do no?

p: Vic n ung vo ban ngy Ramadan l mt trong cc i ti, y bxem l ngi Muslim h n,bt buc y phi n nn sm hi vi Allah v phi nhn b li ngy hm . Th d mt ngi angnhn chay n tra th xn ung bnh thng m khng c bt c l do no ht, bt buc y phi nhn

b li bi theo gio l Islam bt buc y phi nhn ng theo thi gian n nh, lc y xchay l cha thi gian nn buc phi nhn b li ngy hm khc.

Ring i vi ngi c khng chu nhn ngay tu th theo cu ni ng nht l khng btbuc y phi nhn b li, bi s nhn b chng mang li ch cho y v cng chng c Allah chp nhns nhn chay . Theo qui tc: Tt c vic hnh o c n nh sn thi gian, mt khi c tr

hon n ht hn n nh th vic hnh o schng c chp nhn sau .bi Nabi ni:

(( ))

Ai lm iu g mkhng c lnh ca Ta th vic lm ca y btr li .(4)

Ngoi ra, y cn xm phm n gii lut ca Allah, ngi xm phm gii lut ca Allah chnhl k bt cng v k bt cng chng c chp nhn vic hnh o, Allah phn:

:

V ai vi phm nhng hn nh ca Allah th l nhng k lm iu sai quy. Al-Baqarah: 229(chng 2).Tng t nu hnh o trc thi gian n nh th vic hnh o cng chng c chpnhn, cho nn hnh o sau khi thi gian ht cng khng c chp nhn ngoi tr c l do chnhng.

(3) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc nhn chay, chng ai nhn chay bng c nim tin, lng hi vng v snh tm, s(1901) v Muslim ghi mc Salah dnh cho ngi i ng, chng khuyn khch ng hnh l Taraawih trongRamadan, s (760).

(4) ng Al-Nawawy ni: Hadith l mt trong nhng qui tc v i ca tn gio Islam, l mt trong scu ni sc tch caRasul. Hadith dng dc ph nhn tt c vic Bid-ah v ci cch gio l Islam. (Trch t Shar-h Saheeh Muslim

6/213 (1718).


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Chanlyislam 4

Cu hoi 6:Tha Sheikh, thng Ramadan c xc nh bng cc no ?

p:Thng Ramadan c xc nh bng cch nhn thy trngli lim ca thng Ramadanhoc thng Shabaan 30 ngi, bi Nabi ni:

(())

Hy nhn chay khi cc ngi nhn thytrngli l im (ca thng Ramadan) v hy n ung trli khi cc ngi nhn thytrngli lim (ca thng Shawwaal ). Nu bu tri bmy che th hytnh (thng Shabaa) ba mi ngy.(5)

Cu hi 7:Tha Sheikh, chc mt ngi nhn thytrng li l im Ramadannhngkhng mt aichu nhn chay cng y?

p: Bt buc ai nhn thy trngli lim cn phi bo ngay cho Ban i Din Islam h xc minh,nu h chp nhn th phi thng bo cng ng rng thng Ramadan bt u, bi theo gio l mtngi nhn thy vn c chp nhn. Nu nh li ni y khng c chp nhn th gii Ulama c ba

kin sau: kin th nht: Bt buc y phi nhn chay, bi y tn mt nhn thy trng li lim, v

Nabi ni:

(())

Cc ngi hy nhn chay mt kh i nhn thytrng li l im (Ramadan).(6)V ngi ny tnmt nhn thy.

kin th hai: Khng bt buc y nhn chay, bi nhn chay v x chay l phi nhn cngmi ngi v s thng nht ca tp th s tt hn nhiu vic y nhn chay mt mnh t tch li tp th.

kin th ba: Bt buc y phi nhn chay m thm, khng ph trng lm khc vi tpth bi duy chy tn mt thy li lim.

Cu hi 8:Tha Sheikh, Rukun ca nhn chay l nh thno?

p: Nhn chay ch c mt Rukun duy nht l s tn thAllah bng vic nhn n ung, nhn giaohp v nhn cc iu tng t k t rng ng xut hin n mt tri ln. ngha ca rng ng, phil nh rng ng th hai ch khng phi nh rng ng u tin. V nh rng ng thhai c xcnh bng ba iu sau:

Th nht: Rng ng thhai c nhn dng r rng nm chn tri thng bc nhng nam, cn rng ng th nht ch l dng thng ng sang ty.

Th hai: Rng ng thhai nh sng cng lc cng sng hn cho n mt tri mc, cnrng ng th nht s bin mt sau khi chiu sng c mp m.

Th ba: Rng ng thhai c ni lin t chn tri, cn rng ng th nht c khongti nm gia n vi chn tri. Girng ng th nht khng c gio l xem l g c, khng c

(5) Hadith do Muslim ghi mc nhn chay, chng bt buc nhn chay Ramadan khi nhn thy li lim, s (1081).

(6) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc nhn chay, chng Nabi ni Cc ngi hy nhn chay mt khi nhn thy lilim (Ramadan). s (19090) v Muslim ghi mc nhn chay, chng bt buc nhn chay Ramadan khi nhn thy li

lim, s (1081).


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Chanlyislam 5

hnh l Salah Al-Fajr v cng khng bt u nhn chay, hon ton khc khi rng ng th hai xuthin.

Cu hi 9:Tha Sheikh, ngi nh thno mi bt buc nhn chay ?

p: Nhn chay l nhim v bt buc i vi mi tn Muslim d nam hay nkhi hi su iukin nh l ngi Muslim, trng thnh, l tr, c khnng, ang qu nh v khng b bt c g

cn tr. i vi ngi Kafir khng bt buc nhn chay hoc bt c vic hnh o no khc, bi

Allah phn:

(:45)

V l do ti sao vic ng gp ca chng khng c chp nhn l v chng ph nhn Allahv Rasul ca Ngi. Al-Tawbah: 54 (Chng 9).

Sau khi ngi Kafir vo Islam khng bt buc nhn b li khong thi gian sng ngoi o, biAllah phn:

:(Hi Muhammad !) hy bo chng nhng k ph nhn Allah: Nu chng ngng ngay vicchng i Al lah (tc gia nhp I slam) th sc Ngi tha thcho h tt c nhng g trong qukh. Al-Anfaal: 38 (chng 8).

Nhng Kafir s b trng tr nhng g bt buc h lm trong lc h sng ngoi o, nh c ktrong Quran nhm ngi thin ng hi nhm ngi phm ti:

:26-24iu g a cc ngi vo la ca ha ngc vy? * Chng (nhng k ti li) s p:Chng ti lnhng ngi khng dng lSalah * chng ti khng nui n nhng ngingho * chng ti thng ni chuyn v bvi nhng ngi hay chuyn vn tm pho * vchng ti ph nhn Ngy phn xcui cng cho n * kh i ci cht xy n vi chng ti. Al-Muddaththir: 4247 (chng 74).

Trong on kinh c nhc v vic b hnh lSalah v khng nui n ngi ngho l hai l doy con ngi xa vo ha ngc. Ngoi ra, ngi ngoi o cn b trng tr v tt c mi shng thtrn cuc sng trn gian t thc n, thc ung, qun o . . . bi Allah phn:

:1Nhng ai c c tin v lm vic thin tt khng mc ti v mn thc phm m h dngtrong qu khkhi h gimnh khi phm ti, v h tin tng v lm vic thin ri gimnhkhi phm ti, v htin tng v gimnh khi phm ti v h lun lm tt. V Allah ch yuthng nhng ngi lm tt. Al-Maa-idah: 93 (chng 5), Allah phn chng khc:

:32


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Chanlyislam 6

Hy hi chng (Muhammad): Ai dm cm strng l (tcc mn trang sc xin p) vcc loithc n tt sch khc m Allah to ra cho cc b ti ca Ngi sdng v hng th. Hy bochng rng: Tt c th l dnh cho nhm ngi c c tincuc sng trn tc ny vdnhring cho h vo ngy tn th. TA (Allah) phn tch, gii thch cc li mc khi r rng nhthdnh cho nhm ngi hiu bit (suy ngm). Al-A'raaf: 32 (chng 7).

- Cu: Tt c th l dnh cho nhm ngi c c tincuc sng trn tc ny vdnhring cho h vo ngy tn th. Qua cu kinh chng t gio lut dnh cho ngi c c tin khc

hon ton vi ngi khng c c tin. Mt khi ngi Kafir ci o sang Islam trong thng Ramadanth khng bt buc y phi b li s ngy sng trong Kafir.

Th d: Mt ngi vo Islam trong m mi lm thng Ramadan, khng bt buc y phi nhnchay b t ngy mng mt n ngy mi bn ca thng Ramadan. Ch bt buc y nhn tngy milm tri. Cn nu vo Islam vo ban ngy Ramadan th bt buc y phi nhn ngay giy pht voIslam n chiu nhng khng bt buc nhn b li ngy hm .

Th d: Mt ngi vo Islam vo gia tra, lp tc bt buc y phi nhn chay cho n chiu biy l ngi Muslim c nhim v phi nhn chay Ramadan, nhng khng bt buc y phi nhn b lingy hm bi y thc hin c iu bt buc y ngay khi vo Islam. V ai thc hin cnhim v bt buc th khng bt buc thc hin li ln hai.

Vl tr: y l iu kin thc hai, tc ngi phi c u c bnh thng, bit phn bitmi vic. Nu l ngi mt bnh thng (cn gi l b thn kinh, b tm thn, btng tng, b manman) th khng bt buc nhn chay, ngoi ra, cng khng bt buc y thc hin cc vic hnh o khcngoi vic phi xut Zakat v cng khng bt buc y phi xut thc n cho ngi ngho bi y khng

phi loi ngi bt buc nhn chay.

Vtrng thnh: y l iu kin th ba, mt a trc cng nhn l trng thnh phic c mt trong ba du hiu sau y hoc c hn mt hoc c lun c ba:

+ trn mi lm tui.

+ Mc lng quanh b phn sinh dc v hu mn.

+ Xut tinh bng s thch th d do mng tinh hoc do b kch thch.

+ Ring b gi th thm du hiu tht l bt u chu k kinh nguyt.

Da vo cc du hiu va nu d l b trai hay gi khi trn mi lm tui l trngthnh.

Khi mc lng quanh b sinh dc v hu mn l trng thnh, cho d cha c mi lmtui.

Khi xut tinh bng sthch th l trng thnh, k ckhi cha c c mi lm tui.

Khi b gi c chu k kinh nguyt l trng thnh, k ckhi cha c mi lm tui.

Lu : i khi b gi ch mi mi tui l c kinh nguyt tc l b trng thnh. Cc bccha m phi ht sc quan tm n vn ny ca con gi ra lnh chng thi hnh nhim v ca tnMuslim nh hnh l Salah, nhn chay v cc gio l khc...

Gii Ulama khuyn khch bc lm cha m(ngi bo dng cc b) nn tp cho tr d traihay gi nhn chay ngay t nh b quen dn n khi trng thnh th vic nhn chay s d dng vitr, ging nh trc kia cc Sahabah d d con ci h bng nhiu cch nh cho chng n a, dchng ngcho n mt tri ln.(7)

(7) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc nhn chay, chng nhn chay i vi t r em, s (1960) v Muslim ghi mc nhn

chay, s (1136).


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Chanlyislam 7

iu kin tht l ngi c khnng nhn chay, tc nhn chay khng cm thy kh khn,cn ngi khng c khnng nhn chay th khng bt buc nhn. V hc chia lm hai loi:

Th nht: Ngi hon ton khng c khnng nhn do ln tui, do b bnh nan y. Loingi ny phi xut thc n mi ngy cho mt ngi ngho. Nu thng 29 ngy th xut thc n cho29 ngi, nu thng 30 ngy th xut thc n cho 30 ngi. Da vo hai cch sau:

+ Cch mt: Tp trung slng ngi ngho 29 hoc 30 ngi ty theo thng c 29 hoc 30

ngy, ri cho hn mt bui d sng hoc chiu, ging nh xa kia ng Anas bin Maalik lmlc v gi.

+ Cch hai: Chia thc n cho tng ngi mt tng ng vi sngy khng nhn.

Slng thc n cho mi ngi l 0,6 kg go (tc 600 g) v nn cho thm t tht hoc t c.

Ch khng c php ly thc n ca 29 hoc 30 ngi mang cho mt ngi ngho duynht, bt buc phi chia cho 29 hoc 30 ngi, tc mi ngy khng nhn tng ng vi mt ngingho.

Thhai: i vi bnh thng thng, hi vng sc khi nh cm mo, st... s rt khkhn nu nhn chay th c php n ung t do ri nhn b vo ngy khc, bi Allah phn:

:38V i vi ai b bnh hoc i du hnh xa nh th c php hon vic nhn chay li v nhn bvo nhng ngy khc tng ng sngy thiu. Al-Baqarah: 185 (chng 2).

iu kin thnm: L ang nh c ti qu nh, tc tri ngc vi ngi i ng xa. Doi ng xa gia nh, xa qu hng nn hc hon vic nhn chay vo s ngy khc bi Allah

phn: V i vi ai b bnh hoc i du hnh xa nh th c php hon vic nhn chay li vnhn b vo nhng ngy khc tng ng sngy thiu. Al-Baqarah: 185 (chng 2).Nhngtt nht l nn nhn chay, nu nhn chay gy kh khn th nn n ungbnh thng nh c ng AbuAl-Darda k: C ln chng ti i ng xa cng vi Rasulvo thng Ramadan di thi tit

nng tht oi bc, c ngi trong on ly tay che ln u do sc nng kh chu v trong chngti chc Rasulv Abdullah bin Rawaahah l nhn chay cn nhng ngi khc th khng nhn.(8)

Nhng mt khi nhn chay tr thnh v cng kh khn th bt buc phi x chay, bi xa kiatrong trn chin khi hon v Makkah, Rasul thy c vic nhn chay trnn rt kh khn i viqun binh, th l sau giAl-Asr Rasul ra lnh mang n mt chu nc v Ngi ng gia onm ung di s chng kin ca on qun. Lc c ngi ni: C mt sngi vn cn ang nhnchay, tha Rasul. Nghe qua Rasul phn n ni:

(())

l nhng kphn nghch, l nhng kphn nghch.(9)

iu kin th su: Khng b bt c g cn tr, iu kin ny dnh ring cho ph n. Yu cuph n khi nhn chay phi hon ton sch s khng b kinh nguyt v khng ra mu hu sn. Nu brivo hai trng hp ny ph n buc phi n ung bnh thng ri nhn b li s ngy c chu k vo sngy khc, bi Nabi ni:

(8)Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc nhn chay, s (1945) v Muslim ghi mc nhn chay, chng la chn gia nhn vn lc i ng, s (1122).

(9)Hadith do Muslim ghi mc nhn chay, chng c php nhn v n trong thng Ramadan dnh cho ngi i ng

xa khng v mc ch ti li, s (1114).


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Chanlyislam 8

(())

Chng phi khi ph nc kinh nguyn khng c php hnh lSalah vnhn chay hay sao!(10)

n y ti mun nhn mnh hai vn mong ch em ph n ch :

Vn th nht: C mt s ph n khng nh mnh dt chu ktrc rng ng (tctrc ginhn) nhng khng nhn chay do lm tng do cha tm th s nhn chay skhng ng.

Trng hp ny bt buc ch em phi nhn chay ngay ri tm ra v hnh lSalah sau .Vn th hai: C mt s ph n khc sau khi x chay v trc hnh l Salah Al-

Maghrib th xut kinh, c ngi ni: Nu kinh nguyt bt u sau khi xchay trc hnh lSalah Al-Maghrib l lm h snhn chay ngy hm c ngi cn qu ng dm ni: Nu chu k btu trc gilSalah Al-Isha l lm h nhn chay ngy hm . Tt c li lny u sai, bi khimt tri ln m ph n khng nhn thy kinh nguyt th s nhn chay ngy hm hon ton hp l,k c kinh nguyn ra ngay sau khi mt tri ln ch mt giy th s nhn chay vn c cng nhn.

Khi tn Muslim hi tsu iu kin va phn tch trn l bt buc y phi thi hnhnhim v nhn chay.

Cu hi 10:Tha Sheikh, gio lgii thch thno v vic ngi nhn chay nhng li khng hnhlSalah?

p: S nhn chay ca ngi b b hnh l Salah l khng hp l v khng c cng nhn, bingi b hnh lSalah l ngi Kafir, ngi phn o, v Allah phn:

:33

Nu nh bn chng quay li sm hi, chu ng hnh l Salah v xut Zakat bt buc th chngs l anh em cng tn gio vi cc ngi. Al-Tawbah: 11 (chng 9).

V Nabi ni:(())

H ip c gia chng ta vh(ngi ngoi o) lhnh lSalah. Ai bn th ngi l Kafir(kph nhn All ah).(11)

V Nabi ni Hadith khc:

(())

Skhc bit ca ngi M uslim vi ngi tha thn v ngi Kafir lhnh lSalah.(12)

V s thng nht ca Sahabah rng: ng Abdullah bin Shaqeeqmt ngi thuc thi Tabi-in ni ting k rng: Gii bng hu ca Rasulng nhn nhn rng chb hnh lSalah mi lmmt tn Muslim thnh ngi Kafir.

(10)Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc nhn chay, chng ph n c kinh nguyt phi b hnh l Salah v nhn chay, s(1951).

(11) Hadith do Imam Ahmad v nhm Al-Sunan ghi li bng ng truyn Saheeh t ng Buraidah bin Al-Husaib Al-Aslamy.

(12) Hadith do Muslim ghi li trong b Saheeh t ng Jaabir bin Abdullah.


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Chanlyislam 9

Da vo tt c bng chng va nu khng nh rng mt ngi nhn chay m khng hnh lsalah th vic nhn chay ca y bkhc t, khng c cng nhn, n s chng gip g c cho ytrc Allah vo ngy phn xt. Ti khuyn mi ngi rng: Hy hnh lSalah, ri hy nhn chay.Chchnhn chay m khng hnh lSalah th snhn chay v ngha, bi shnh o ca ngi

Kafir khng c chp nhn.

Cu hi 11:Tha Sheikh, gio l Islam i vi ngi chhnh lSalah vnhn chay trong thngRamadan, khi Ramadan i qua l y cng b hnh lSalah ?

p: Qua s nghin cu klng tt c bng chng th chc ngi b hnh l Salah hon ton mil Kafir (ngi ngoi o), ring ngi khi th hnh l Salah v khi th b, khi hnh lvi trng hpv bvi trng hp khc th y vn cn l ngi Muslim, bi Nabi ni: H ip c gia chngta vh(ngi ngoi o) lhnh lSalah. Ai bn th ngi l Kafir (kph nhn All ah).V Nabi ni Hadith khc: Skhc bit ca ngi Muslim vi ngi tha thn v ngiKaf ir lhnh lSalah.Nhng i vi loi ngi ny ti thy nghi ngv nim tin ca y, bi chngl y ch bit n Allah v thc hin nhim v hnh l Salah v nhn chay trong thng Ramadan duynht cn nhng thng khc y khng bit Allah l ng ra sao ? Ti khng dm cho rng y l Kafir,ti s im lng v y, xin ph thc vn ca y cho Allah phn xt.

Cu hi 12:Tha Sheikh, gio l ra sao i vi ngi nhn chay vi ngy ri li n ung bnhthng vo vi ngy ti trong thng Ramadan ?

p: C th da vo cu tr li trn, ngi ny nhn chay mt ngy ri n ung vo ngy khc th yvn cn l tn Islam nhng l ngi Muslim h n, do y dm t b mt nhim v trng i caIslam mt trong cc Rukun ca tn gio. i vi sngy t b khng nhn v s ln t b hnh lSalah, y khng cn phi nhn b v hnh l b li bi nhn chay v hnh l b chng mang li li ch gcho y. Nh dn chng trn i vi cc vic hnh o c n nh gigic skhng cchp nhn hnh o b li ngoi trc l do chnh ng.

Cu hi 13: Tha Sheikh, i vi ngi b vi ln Ramadan khng nhn k tkhi trngthnh, giy quay li sm hi , vy c bt buc y phi nhn b li hay khng ?

p: Da vo kin ng nht ca gii Ulama l khng bt buc y nhn chay sthng t khngnhn, bi theo qui tc ni ai c tr hon nhim v ra khi thi gian c n nh m khng cl do chnh ng th khng cn hnh o b li bi sb khng mang li ch g cho y. Cho nn ivi bt c ai khng hnh l Salah, khng nhn chay ... ri sau thi gian c Allah hng dn, ban chos cho quay v vi chn l th khng cn y phi hnh l Salah, nhn chay b li. Ring khng xutZakat th phi xut Zakat b li snm khng xut.

Cu hi 14: Tha Sheikh, xin lit kratrng hp noc php n ung vo ban ngy cathng Ramadan?

p: Nhng ngi Muslim c php n ung vo ban ngy thng Ramadan l khi no b bnh, ing xa, ph nang trong thi k kinh nguyt v ph n mang thai nu snh hng n bn thnhoc thai nhi th c php n ung bnh thng, nhng sau phi nhn chay tr li nhng ngythiu. Tng ti vi ph nang cho b b nu shi n sc khe bn thn v sc khe ca b.V tng ti vi ngi lm nhim v cu hngi gp nn trn sng nc, bin, cha chy, qunlnh chin tranh v chnh ngha ca Allah, tt cu c n ung bnh thng. Bi trong trn khihon v Makkah, Rasul ni vi mi ngi rng:


10/31

Chanlyislam 10

(())

Mai y cc ngi si u vi k th, mi ngi hy n ung c sc lc trc din vih.(13)

Tm li, mt khi ri vo trng hp cn phi xchay th c php x chay ri sau nhn bli nhng khng c din mt l do no ri t x chay. Hy bit rng Allah lun bit c tronglng mi ngi ngh g. Khi mt ngi nhn chay phi x chay do cu ngi gp nn, sau khng

bt buc y phi tip tc nhn n chiu, bi y c l do chnh ng khng ph i nhn ngy hm .Da vo li ni ny, ti khng nh rng: i vi ngi va khi bnh, ngi i xa va vn nh(trong trng hp khng nhn chay) v ph n sch kinh vo ban ngy Ramadan th khng bt buc baloi ngi ny phi nhn chay n chiu bi h c l do chnh ng xchay trc .

Cu hi 15:Tha Sheikh, nhng iu lm h snhn chay lg ?

p:

C by iu lm h s nhn chay v chi tit nh sau:

iu th nht: Giao hp l vic giao cu gii quyt sinh l gia nam v n bng cch chodng vt vo bn trong m h. Nu vic giao hp ny xy ra vo ban ngy Ramadan l lm h snhn chay, ngoi vic bt buc phi nhn chay b li cn phi chu trng pht thch ng sau y:

+ Phng thch mt n l.

+ Nu khng tm thy th phi nhn chay hai thng lin tip.

+ Nu khng c khnng th b th thc n cho su mi ngi ngho.

i vi trng hp vic nhn chay khng bt buc ging nh ngi i ng xa, nu giao hpvo ban ngy Ramadan ch bt buc phi nhn chay b.

iu th hai: Xut tinh bng cch mn trn, m hn, th dm. Cn nu m hn khng b

xut tinh th khng b g c.iu thba: n ung bng ng mi hoc ming d l thc n, thc ung g k c khi

thuc cng khng c php ht vo. Nu nh ngi mi thm ca du thm hoc thc n th khngnh hng g.

iu tht: Nhng g tng tnh n v ung ging nh truyn dch hoc tim thuc thaythcho n ung. Nu nh tim thuc tr liu thng thng th khng nh hng n nhn chay d ltim vo mch hoc tim vo c.

iu thnm: Gic n hoc rt mu vi slng ln lm c th mt sc. Cn nu rt mu th th khng nh hng n nhn chay.

iu th su: C tnh cho i ma.iu th by: Bt u chu k kinh nguyt hoc ra mu hu sn.

Tt c by iu ny s khng c tc dng n khi hi ba iu kin sau:

+ iu kin th nht: Hiu bit v gio l v bit c thi gian.

+ iu kin th hai: Lun nh.

+ iu kin th ba: Nm trong s la chn.

(13) Hadith do Muslim ghi mc nhn chay, chng n phc xchay khi ng vi mc ch v cng vic, s (1120).


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Chanlyislam 11

Gi sngi gic n ctng vic gic n khng nh hng n nhn chay th s nhn chayca y vn cn hiu lc do y khng hiu bit v gio l, bi Allah phn:

:

V cc ngi khng c ti nu cc ngi nhm ln trong vic xng h ny. Ngc li, iung ti l khi cc ngi c nh trong lng. Al-Ahzaab: 5 (chng 33),

Allah phn chng khc:

:

Ly Thng ca by ti, xin Ngi ng bt ti by ti nu by ti c qun lng hay sai lm. Al-Baqarah: 286 (chng 2), Allah p: TA lm th.

c ghi li trong hai b Saheeh Al-Bukhary v Muslim tng Ady bin Haatim rng ng hai vng trn mt trng mt en di gi nm mnh, khi n ung ng nhn vo hai vng trn kian khi ch thy mu trng r rng ca vng mu trng th ng ngng n, do ctng l ngha

ca cu kinh:

:

... cho n khi phn bit r rng cho cc ngi si ch trng ca bui rng ng tch ri khisi chen ca n. Al-Baqarah: 187.

S vic n tai Rasul th Ngi gii thch rng:

(())

Chng qua l mu trng ca ban ngy v mu en ca ban m.(14)

Thnhng Rasul khngh ra lnh cho ng phi nhn chay b li.

Nu nh n ung trong stng rng bnh minh cha ln hoc mt tri ln, nhng kp phthin ngc li nhng g y ngh th s nhn chay ca y vn cn hiu lc, bi y khng bit chnh xc vthi gian. Nh c ghi nhn trong b Saheeh Al-Bukhary, b Asma con gi ng Abu Bakr k:Trong thi ca Nabi chng ti x chay trong ngy my che ph bu tri, sau mt tri li

xut hin nhng Ngi khng ra lnh cho chng ti phi nhn b li. Nu vic nhn b li l iu btbuc l Nabi ra lnh hoc gii thch tn tng v cng c truyn n tai chng ta, bi Allahl ng lun bo v b gio lut Islam. K c tp thSahabah cng khng ni li no v s tht v lnu tp thSahabah ng im lng che du s vic, iu ny chng t vic nhn chay b l iu khng

bt buc. Cn nu n ung trong lc qun lng th s nhn chay vn cn hiu lc, bi Nabi ni:(())

Ai n ung mt cch qun lng trong khi y ang nhn chay th tip tc nhn chay (n chiu),chng qua thc n v thc ung l do Allah ban tng r ing y.(15)

(14)Hadith do Ahmad ghi li.

(15)Hadith do Al-Bukhary v Muslim ghi li.


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Chanlyislam 13

Cu hi 20:Tha Sheikh, gio l ra sao vic mt ngi nhn chaymt nc ri n nc khcv nc vn cha nhn chay hocnc ny 30 ngy nhng khi n nc khc th vncha ?

p: Mt khi ri tt nc Islam n t nc Islam khc th ngi Muslim phi nhn chay hoc xchay theo dn a phng. Bi nhn chay vo ngy mi ngi nhn chay, x chay theo ngy mi ngix chay v git tng vt theo ngy mi ngi git t. Bi Nabi ni:

(())Cc ngi hy nhn chay mt khi nhn thytrng li l im (Ramadan) vhy x chay khi nhnthytrng li l im (ca Shawwaal).(17)

Th d 1: Mt ngi n mt nc khc vo lc 4 gi30 pht chiu nhng t nc ca y l 6 gi30 chiu tc n gixchay. Lc ny y khng c php x chay theo gica nc mnh m

buc phi tip tc nhn thm cng x chay vi dn a phng ni y n v ngc li.

Th d 2: Mt ngi n nc khc ngay ngy Eid (tt) Al-Fit-r trong khi t nc ca y mil ngy 28. Lc ny buc y phi x chay theo gia phng ni y n v n tt cng mi ngi rinhn b li s ngy thiu.

Cu hi 21:Tha Sheikh, c ngi thc mc rng ti sao phi nhn chay hn sngy n nhnh trng hp mt vbuc phi nhn b nh trng hp hai ?

p:trng hp hai v mt thng khng tht hn 29 ngy hoc nhiu hn 30 ngy c v bi ykhng nhn thy trng li lim. Cn trong trng hp mt bo phi x chay bi i khi trong ngy 29vn thy c trngli lim v khi thy trngli lim buc phi x chay cn nu tip tc nhn l nhn vo ngy 1 thng Shawwaal. Cn nu bn nhn mi c 28 ngy th buc phi nhn thm ngy29 v 30. Khc vi trng hp hai l bn cn ang trong thng Ramadan, mt khi bn n mt tnc vn cha nhn thy trng li lim Shawwaal l bn cn ang trong Ramadan th lm sao bnc th xchay c, nn buc bn phi tip tc nhn cho d c thm s gihoc s ngy.

Cu hi 22:Tha Sheikh, cung cch nhn chay lnh thno?

p:L lun kin nh tm lng knh sAllah bng cch thi hnh mi sc lnh ca Allah v trnh xami lnh cm ca Ngi, bi Allah phn:

:381

Hi nhng ngi c c tin! (Allah) truyn xung snhn chay bt buc cc ngi cngnh nhng th h trc cc ngi phi nhn hng (rn luyn cc ngi) trthnh ngi bit

knh s(TA). Al-Baqarah: 183 (chng 2).V bi Nabi ni:

(( ))

Ai khng tb li ni, hnh ng Al-Zoor vvic lm ngu xun ngc li cn lm n th Allahchng cn n vic y nhn n v nhn ung.(18)

(17) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc nhn chay, chngNabi ni Cc ngi hy nhn chay mt khi nhn thy lilim (Ramadan). s (19090) v Muslim ghi mc nhn chay, chng bt buc nhn chay Ramadan khi nhn thy li

lim, s (1081).


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Chanlyislam 14

Trong nhng cung cch nhn chay: L b th cng nhiu cng tt, hiu tho, c x tt vimi ngi, c bit l trong thng Ramadan. Trc kia Rasul l rng lng v c th hin r rngnht l trong thng Ramadan khi Jibreel n trao i Quran vi Ngi.(19)

Trong nhng cung cch nhn chay: Trnh xa mi iu b Allah cm nh ni di, mngchi, gian ln, la gt, nhn iu Haram (b cm) nh nhn gi..., nghe nhc hoc nhng iu Haramkhc... bi nhng iu ny lc bnh thng b cm th cn phi mnh mhn na lc ang nhnchay.

Trong nhng cung cch nhn chay: Theo Sunnah l n cm nhn hi tr bi Nabi ni:

(())

Hy n cm nhn i bi trong n c hng phc.(20)

Trong nhng cung cch nhn chay: Tt nht l x chay bng ch l ti, khng th ch lkh, khng th nc lnh v x chay lin ngay khi n gi(tc khi mt tri ln), bi Nabi ni:

(())

Mi ngi slun c tt p min sao h x chay lin khi n lc.(21)

Cu hi 23:Tha Sheikh, gio l ra sao vic n v ung nhng khng bit mnh binh l dnghay cha ?

p: Mi ngi c php n ung tdo cho n khibnh minh xut hin tht s, bi Allah phn:

:

Bi th, giy cc ngi c php quan h vi cc b v tm kim nhng g m Allah ban cho cc ngi (tcon ci), cc ngi hy n ung (vo ban m) cho n khi phn bit rrng cho cc ngi si ch trng ca bui rng ng tch ri khi si chen ca n, ri sau hon thnh snhn chay n ban m. Al-Baqarah: 187 (chng 2).

Da vo cu kinh ngi nhn chay c php n ung n khi xc nh tht s s xut hin carng ng th mi dng. Cn nghi ngmt tri ln cha x chay th cn phi chn khng nhrng mt tri ln.

Cu hi 24:Tha Sheikh, c rt nhiu ngi vn n ung bnh thng cho n khi li Azaan ktthc, vy sn ung ra sao ?

(18) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc nhn chay, chng ai khng t b li di tr, ngi li cn ni trong lc ang nhnchay, s (1903).

(19) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc nhn chay, chng Rasul rng lng nht l trong thng Ramadan, s (1902) vMuslim ghi mc cc n phc, chng Rasul lun th hin s tt p, s (2308).

(20) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc nhn chay, chng vi v x chay, s (1957) v Muslim ghi mc nhn chay, chnghng phc trong phn n nhn v x chay vi, s (1098).

(21) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc nhn chay, chng hng phc trong phn n nhn nhng khng phi l bt buc, s

(1923) v Muslim ghi mc nhn chay, chng hng phc trong phn n nhn, s (1096).


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Chanlyislam 15

p: Da vo li Azaan nu ngi Azaan ch ct Azaan khi n gith bt buc mi ngi phinhn chay ngay khi li Azaan ct ln, bi Nabi ni:

(())

Mi ngi hy n ung cho n li Azaan ca Ibnu Maktoom c ct ln.(22)

Nu Azaan tr hao thi gian th mi ngi c php n cho n khi khng nh thi gian bt

u, bi trong nguyn thy l ban m n khi khng nh bnh minh n th mi dng n, nhngtt nht l nn nhn v ngng n ngay khi nghe li Azaan.

Cu hi 25:Tha Sheikh, gio l ra sao vic tm vli nc lc ang nhn chay ?

p: Khng gy nh hng g c cho vic tm nc bng vi sen hoc li ln trong nc, bi ykhng nm trong danh sch lm h s nhn chay v trong nguyn thy l c php lm cho n khic bng chng xc thc l cm nhng skhng tm u ra bng chng cho vic cm ny. Ch c vicmt sUlama khuyn khng nn tm li ln snut phi nc m y khng h hay bit.

Cu hi 26:Tha Sheikh, gio l ra sao vic nh thuc nh mt vvmt ?

p: Hon ton khng vn g khi v mt, nh thuc vo mt, vo l tai k c khi cm thy nhnnhn c hng vn khng lm h s nhn chay. Bi y khng phi l hnh thc n hay ung trongkhi bng chng ch cm n hoc ung. y l cu ni c Sheikh Ibnu Taimiyah la chn.

Cu hi 27:Tha Sheikh, gio l ra sao vic chi rng lc ang Azaan hoc sau Azaan ?

p:Lc ang Azaan l phn tch phn trn. Cn sau khi Azaan l hon ton c php chirng bng kem hoc bng bt c g khc nhng tt nht nn tr hon sau khi x chay bi hi kem cth vo cung hng m ngi chi rng i khi khng cm nhn c.

Cu hi 28:Tha Sheikh, gio l ra sao vic ngi nhn chay i thmu vhim mu ?

p: Vic th mu ch cn mt lng mu nh xt nghim nn khng nh hng g n nhn chay.Cn vic hin mu sc xem nh l gic n bi lng mu b rt ra l rt nhiu, tt nht l khngnn him lc nhn. Ngoi trtrng hp khn cp nu khng s nguy him n tnh mng ngi cnmu. Lc ny c php him mu ri n ung li bnh thng ri nhn b li vo ngy hm khc. Bivic lm ny ging nh l ngi cu ngi gp nn trong sng bin vy.

Cu hi 29:Tha Sheikh, c mt sngi nhn chay bkh mi v mi nn sdng nc thm c, vy snhn chay ca h ra sao ?

p: Hon ton khng bnh hng g trong vic dng nc thm ln mi v mi cho d chu nhngphi cn thn ko nut phi nc vo ming.

Cu hi 30:Tha Sheikh, nu lv tnh nut phi th sao ?

(22) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc nhn chay, chng Nabi ni: Khng cm cc ngi n cm nhn khi nghe liAzaan ca Bilaal., s (1919 v 1918).


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Chanlyislam 16

p: Nu khng c nut th khng sao, ging nh trng hp xc ming lc ly Wudu vy, khngnh hng g n nhn chay.

Cu hi 31:Tha Sheikh, gio l ra sao vic tim thuc vo c v gn mu lc ang nhn chay ?

p: Hon ton khng gy hi n s nhn chay i vi vic tim thuc vo c, vo mch mu, biy khng phi l n ung, cng khng mang ngha l n ung, cng chng nm trong danh sch lm

h s nhn chay. Ring tim loi dch dinh dng vo c th mi lm h s nhn chay.

Cu hi 32:Tha Sheikh, gio l ra sao vic ht nc vo mi vming khi ang nhn chay ?

p: Nabi bo vi Qait bin Babrah rng:

(())

Anh hy ly Wudu cho tht hon chnh nh ch st vo cc ktay, chn, ht nc vo mi ngoitrkhi ang nhn chay.(23)

Da vo Hadith ngi nhn chay khng nn ht nc su vo mi, vo ming trong lc angnhn chay, do s rt dlm nc i vo bng. Nu c slm h nhn chay cn v tnh lnut thkhng sao, bi theo qui tc phn tch phn u l cn phi nm trong s la chn ca ngi lm.

Cu hi 33: Tha Sheikh, vic ngi mi thm hoc khi thm c nh hng n nhn chaykhng?

p:Ngi nhn chay c php ngi mi du thm (hoc bt cg thm), ring khi thm hockhi no khc (nh thuc l, khi xe...) th tuyt i khng c ht bi khi c hnh th sl i vo

bng m lm h s nhn chay.

Cu hi 34:Tha Sheikh, gia khi vthuc nh c skhc bit nh thno ?

p: Nu l khi thm, i khi con ngi mun ht tht sau vo bng cn thuc nh th mi ngi chmun dng nh mt, tai v mi ch khng mun g hn.

Cu hi 35:Tha Sheikh, gio l ra sao vic n ung lc qun lng, vcch gii quyt ?

p:Nh cp phn trn l ngi n ung lc qun lng d n ung t hay nhiu u khnglm h nhn chay, bi Nabi ni:

((

))Ai n ung mt cch qun lng trong khi y ang nhn chay th tip tc nhn chay (n chiu),chng qua thc n v thc ung l do Allah ban tng r ing y.(24)nhng khi nhli hoc cnhc l ang nhn chay th lp tc ngng ngay v nh ht mi thc n, thc ung ang cn trongming. Bi lc ny l do chm dt nn phi chm dt n.

(23) Hadith do Abu Dawood ghi mc ty ra, chng s dng vt chi (khi v sinh), s (142), Al-Tirmizhi ghi mcnhn chay, chng khng nn ht nc su vo mi khi nhn chay, s (788), Al-Nasaa-y ghi mc ty ra, chng htnc vo mi khi ly Wudu, s (87) v Ibnu Maajah ghi mc ty ra, chng ht nc vo mi khi ly Wudu v chik khi v sinh, s (406).

(24)Hadith do Al-Bukhary v Muslim ghi li.


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Chanlyislam 17

Cu hi 36:Tha Sheikh, ngy cng c nhiu ngi lng cm khi nhn thy ngi nhn chay nung, vy trng hp nyng xvni nh thno cho ng ?

p: Ai nhn thy ngi nhn chay n ung th phi nhc nh, bi ngi Muslim phi gip nhautrn phng din tt p v knh sAllah. Tng t khi nhn thy ngi hnh l Salah sai Qiblah hocly nc Wudu bng nc bn hoc nhng trng hp tng tth ngi anh em Muslim nhn thy

phi c nhim v nhc nhh bi h lm trong v thc. Mong rng iu ny trong li di hun caRasul:

(())

Ta chng qua cng l mt con ngi nh cc bn, cng qun nh cc bn qun. Xin cc bnhy nhc TA khi Ta qun.(25)chng ta phi nhc ngi qun lc hnh l Salah, nn phi nhc ngiqun khi nhn chay.

Cu hi 37: Tha Sheikh, gio l ra sao vic ngi nhn chay b ra mu mi (mu cam), muming hoc trn cc phn khc ca c th?

p: Khng nh hng g n nhn chay min y khng c , k c khi ra mu mi nhiu th nhn chayca y hon ton hp l.

Cu hi 38:Tha Sheikh, nu nh to ldo lm mu ra nh nhrng chng hn ?

p: Vn khng c vn g bi nhrng ht b nhc rng ch khng mc ch nhrng lmchy mu. Tt nhin nhrng l ra mu ri, nhng slng t thi khng ging nh gic nc.

Cu hi 39:Tha Sheikh, gii quyt ra sao trng hp x chaysn bay nhng sau khi my

bay ct cnh li thy mt tri ?p:Trng hp ny khng bt buc y nhn chay thm bi y lm ng vi yu cu gio l Islam lx chay sau khi mt tri ln v khi lm ng vi yu cu gio l th khng cn phi thc hin li.

Cu hi 40:Tha Sheikh, gii quyt ra sao vic giao hp vo ban ngy Ramadan lc ang nhvlc qun lng v iu g bt buc phi lm ?

p: Giao hp vo ban ngy Ramadan l mt trong siu lm h s nhn chay.

Nu khi ang i ng xa v khng nhn chay th vic giao hp khng b g c, nu nhn chayth nhn chay ngy hm h buc phi nhn b li.

Nu giao hp trong qun lng th cng khng b g c. Bi tt ccc iu lm h nhn chay khivi phm lc qun lng th s nhn chay ngy hm hon ton ng.

Nu giao hp trong lc nhmnh ang nhn chay (tc c giao hp) v ang qu nh th ylnh nm hu qu sau:

a- Phm ti vi Allah.b- Nhn chay ngy hm h.c- Buc phi phng thch mt n l.

(25)Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc Salah, chng hng vQiblah d ang u, s (401) v Muslim ghi mc cc

Masjid v cc ni hnh lSalah, chng qu ly Sah-hu i vi ngi sai st khi hnh l, s (572).


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Chanlyislam 18

d- Nu khng c khnng, phi nhn chay hai thng lin tip.e- Nu khng c khnng na, phi xut thc n 60 phn chia cho 60 ngi ngho.

Vi bng chng c nhc trong Hadith do Abu Hurairah k: C mt ngi n ng chy nthan vi Nabi : - Cht ti ri Rasul i!

-Ngi hi: Chuyn g lm anh cht ?

-Ngi n ng p: Ti quan h vi vmnh trong lc ang nhn chay thng Ramadan.

Th l Rasul bo ng ta phng thch mt n l, nhng ng khng c khnng. Ngi ra lnh ng taphi nhn chay hai thng lin, nhng ng ta vn bt lc. Ngi li ra lnh ng phi xut thc n 60phn cho 60 ngi ngho th ng ta li cng khng c khnng. Rasul im lng v ngi n ng bc sang mt bn ngi. Lt sau c ngi mang n tng Rasul t ch l kh, Ngi cho gi ngin ng khi ny v bo: Anh hy mang sch l kh ny i bth i.

-Ngi n ng hi ngc li: Ti phi i bth cho ngi ngho hn ti sao? Thbi Allahchng mnh rng gia nh ti l ngho nht trong lng ri.

Nghe xong Rasul mm ci v bo: Vy anh hy mang vm chia cho gia nh anh ni.(26)

Cu hi 41:Tha Sheikh, nu nh giao hp nhiu ln trong ngy hoc tr ong thng th phi chupht tng ng vi sln giao hp hay phi lm sao ?

p: Theo cu ni ng nht ca trng phi Imam Ahmad nu quan h nhiu ln trong ngy th chb pht mt ln l , cn mi ngy mi quan h th phi chu pht theo sngy tng ng, bi vichnh o mi ngy l ring bit nhau.

Cu hi 42):Tha Sheikh, gio l ra sao vic mt ngi i ng gp rt nhiu kh khn nhng yvn cnhn ?

p: Nu nhn chay mang li trngi khi i ng th y khng nn nhn bi c ln Rasul nhn thymt ngi mt l c mi ngi k i th Ngi hi: Y bg vy ?, c ngi tr li : - ng ta angnhn chay tha Rasul.Ngi tip:

(())

Khng phi vic nhn chay trong lc i ng l ngi ngoan o.(27)

Cho nn, mt khi nhn chay trthnh v cng kh khn th bt buc phi x chay, bi xa kiatrong trn chin khi hon v Makkah, Rasul thy c vic nhn chay trnn rt kh khn i viqun binh, th l sau giAl-Asr Rasul ra lnh mang n mt chu nc v Ngi ng gia onm ung di s chng kin ca on qun. Lc c ngi ni: C mt sngi vn cn ang nhn

chay, tha Rasul. Nghe qua Rasul phn n ni:

(())

l nhng kphn nghch, l nhng kphn nghch.(28)

(26) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi li.

(27)Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc nhn chay, chng c php che mt khi tri qu oi bc, s (1946) v Muslim ghi mc nhn chay, chng c php nhn v n trong thng Ramadan dnh cho ngi i ng xa khng v mc ch ti

li, s (1115) .


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Chanlyislam 19

Nu nhn chay khng gy kh khn th nn nhn bt chc theo Rasul nh c k quali ca ng Abu Al-Darda k: C ln chng ti i ng xa cng vi Rasulvo thng Ramadandi thi tit nng tht oi bc, c ngi trong on ly tay che ln u do sc nng kh chu vtrong chng ti ch c Rasul v Abdullah bin Rawaahah l nhn chay cn nhng ngi khc thkhng nhn.(29)

Cu hi 43:Tha Sheikh, vic n ung trong lc i ng vo thng Ramadan c gii hn baonhiu ngy khng ?

p: Khng c gii hn.

Cu hi 44:Tha Sheikh, nu nh c ai mun i n mt thnh phno nm hoc sungy, vy c buc y nhn chay khng ?

p:Y c php n ung n khi no quay v nh, bi xa kia lc Rasul khi hon v Makkahvo ngy 20 thng Ramadan, Ngi n mi chn ngy 9 hoc 10 ngy cui ca Ramadannhng Ngi khng h nhn. S vic do Al-Bukhary ghi li qua li k ca Ibnu Abbaas.

Cu hi 45:Tha Sheikh, c rt niu ngi i lm Umrah trong thng Ramadan hng phc v hnhn chay trong sut chuyn i , vy s nhn chay ca hnh th no ?

p: S nhn chay hp l min khng gy kh khn, s vic cp trn.

i vi ngi i lm Umrah sau khi n Makkah th nn chn mt trong hai cch sau:

- Tr hon vic thi hnh Umrahsau khi x chay.

- X chay khi va n Makkah thc hin Umrah. y l cch tt nht bi y l Sunnahca Rasul .

Cu hi 46: Tha Sheikh, gio l ra sao vic ri khi qu hng i xa c n ung trongthng Ramadan vkhi phi nhn?

p:Nh r vic nhn chay l nhim v ca mi tn Muslim, l mt trong nm Rukun ca tngio. Nu nh ai dm to mu kc khi thi hnh nhim v th qul iu Haram. Ai i xa vmc ch c n ung l y phm iu Haram, buc y phi sm hi v quay li qu hng nhnchay, cn khng th buc y phi nhn chay trong lc ang i ng. Tm li, ai c nh tm i xa c khi nhn chay th y vn phi nhn chay khng c php n ung.

Cu hi 47:Tha Sheikh, cch nhn b nhng ngy thiu sau Ramadan nh thno vkhi no ?p: Tt nht l nhn b lin ngay sau Ramadan, bi con ngi khng h bit trc c chuyn g sn vi mnh, y cng l li k ca b A-y-shah: Ti khng thnhn chay b Ramadan cho min thng Shabaan.(30) nu nh khng c Hadith ny l chng ti bo phi nhn chay b lin ngay

(28)Hadith do Muslim ghi mc nhn chay, chng c php nhn v n trong thng Ramadan dnh cho ngi i ngxa khng v mc ch ti li, s (1114).

(29)Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc nhn chay, s (1945) v Muslim ghi mc nhn chay, chng la chn gia nhn vn lc i ng, s (1122).

(30) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc nhn chay, chng khi no nhn b li Ramadan, s (1950) v Muslim ghi mc nhn

chay, chng nhn b Ramadan vo thng Shabaan, s (1416).


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Chanlyislam 20

sau Ramadan, vi Hadith ny ngi thiu nhn chay c tr hon n trc Ramadan sang nm.Khng c php tr hon n sau Ramadan sang nm ngoi trc l do chnh ng nh bnh ko dihoc mang thai hoc ang cho con b.

Cu hi 48:Tha Sheikh, c sngi M uslim ni rng mt khi vic hnh o ra khi thi giann nh th khng cn phi hnh o b li, inhnh nh Salah v nhn chay khi qua thi gian

th khng cn nhn b, vy ng khng ?p: Theo qui tc ni trn l ai c tr hon vic hnh o ra khi thi gian n nh th khng

phi hnh o b li, s khng mang li ch g cho d c b mt ngn ln. bt buc y lc ny sm hivi Allah, khi sm hi thnh tm l ri. Cn ai khng th nhn do bnh, do i ng xa hoc tngt th b li vo nhng ngy khc bi Allah phn:

:38

V i vi ai b bnh hoc i du hnh xa nh th c php hon vic nhn chay li v nhn bvo nhng ngy khc tng ng sngy thiu. Al-Baqarah: 185 (chng 2).

Cu hi 49:Tha Sheikh, mtngi trny vic nhn b Ramadan n Ramadan sang nm mkhng h c l do, vy c bt buc y phi lm g cng vi vic nhn Ramadan ny khng ?

p: Ch bt buc y nhn b li m thi, ngoi ra khng yu cu g thm bi Allah phn:

:38

V i vi ai b bnh hoc i du hnh xa nh th c php hon vic nhn chay li v nhn bvo nhng ngy khc tng ng sngy thiu. Al-Baqarah: 185 (chng 2).

Trong li phn Allah ch yu cu nhn chay b sngy thiu trong Ramadan, Ngi khng h nhc

n xut thc n hoc lm g c. Theo nguyn thy khng lm g cho n khi c bng chng bt bucphi lm.

Cu hi 50: Tha Sheikh, gia vic nhn chay ngay trong thng Ramadan vvic nhn b likhng ?

p: C s khc bit rt ln:

Th nht: Thi gian nhn chay Ramadan ch vn vn mt thng cn nhn b th ko di tsau Ramadan n Ramadan nm sau.

Th hai: Bt buc phi nhn chu pht khi giao hp vo ban ngy Ramadan cn nhn b th

khng h phi chu pht ny nu c giao hp trong thi gian nhn.Th ba: Trong Ramadan ai c n ung l lm h nhn chay ngy nhng buc y phi

tip tc nhn cho n chiu nhm tn trng thi gian, cn nhn b khi c n ung l chlm h nhnchay ngy ch khng bt buc y tip tc nhn n chiu, bi thi gian nhn c rt nhiu.

Cu hi 51: Tha Sheikh, gio l ra sao vic ngi qu c vn cn th iu ncha nhn bRamadan?

p: Ai cht m cn thiu ncha nhn b Ramadan th ngi thn ca y nhn b thay y, bi Hadithdo b A-y-shah thut li Rasul rng:


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Chanlyislam 21

(())

Ai cht mvn cha kp nhnb Ramadan th ngi thn nhn b thay y.(31)

Nu khng ai chu nhn thay th phi xut thc n mi ngy tng ng mt ngi ngho.

Cu hi 52:Tha Sheikh, khi ngi Muslim nhn c mt sngy tr ong Ramadan th t trn,vy c bt buc ngi thn phi nhn b sngy cn li khng ?p: Trong trng hp ny khng bt buc ngi thn phi nhn chay thay hay xut thc n chongi qu c, bi khi con ngi cht l mi vic hnh ng b ct t t nh Nabi ni:

(())

Mt khi con ngi qua i lm mi vic lm ca y cng bct t, ngoi trba iu: Sb thc lu truyn, kin thc Islam hu dng v a con Saaleh (ngoan o) cu xin cho y.(32)

Thnn i vi ngi cht trong thng Ramadan hoc ngay trong lc nhn hon ton khng btbuc ngi thn nhn thay hoc xut thc n thay ngi cht.

Cu hi 53:Tha Sheikh, trong nhng vic hnh o knh dng ln Allah nhn thng Ramadanhng phc lhnh lSalah, xin cho hi ngha ca Salah Al -Taraawih vSalah Al -Tahajj ud lg?

p: V Salah Al-Taraawih th c Rasul ni rng:

((

))

Ai nhn chay vo thng Romadon bng stin tng vhy vng c phn thng tAllah sc tha thcho tt c ti li phm.(33)c gi l Salah Al-Taraawih c ngha l gii lao, bi

xa kia mi ngi hnh l rt di c mi hai ln Salam ca bn Rak-at l h gii lao t pht ri tip tchnh lSalah, y cng l li din gii ca Hadith do b A-y-shah k: Trc kia Rasul ng hnh lbn Rak-at, Ngi khng hquan tm n sdi ca bui l, ri sau Ngi hnh lba Rak-at vcng chng quan tm n sdi ca cuc Salah.(34) ca b l Rasul hnh l c mi mt Salamgm hai Rak-at l ngi kt thc ri tip tc.

Salah Al-Taraawih l Sunnah m Rasul tng l Imam dn lcho cc Sahabah c bam ri ngi b v ni:

(())

(31) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc nhn chay, chng ngi qu c thiu nRamadan, s (1952) v Muslim ghi mc

nhn chay, chng nhn chay thay ngi cht, s (1147).

(32) Hadith do Muslim ghi li.

(33) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc nhn chay, chng ai nhn chay bng c nim tin, lng hi vng v snh tm, s(1901) v Muslim ghi mc Salah dnh cho ngi i ng, chng khuyn khch ng hnh l Taraawih trongRamadan, s (760).

(34) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc Al-Tahajjud, chng cch hnh l Salah ca Rasul trong Ramadan v cc thngkhc, s (1147) v Muslim ghi mc Salah dnh cho ngi i ng v cch rt ngn, chng slng Rak-at m

Rasul hnh ltrong m, s (738).


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Chanlyislam 22

TA sn (Salah Al -Taraawih) trthnh nhim v(nhng cc ngi li khng thth i hnh).(35)

L ngi Muslim khng nn ch quan xem nh vic hnh l Salah ny, bi n phc ca n rtv i l tha th ht mi ti li phm trc kia. ng thi nn hnh l Salah cng vi Imam chon ht bui l, c gng khng b v gia chng, bi Nabi tng ni:

(())

Ai ng hnh lSalah cng vi Imam n xong bui l, y sc vit n phc l ng hnhlsut m.(36)

Tic thay cc cuc l Salah Al-Taraawih ngy nay c rt nhiu sai st t pha cc Imam vnhng ngi khc.

Cu hi 54:Tha Sheikh, mong c chra cc sai st vp phi khi hnh lSalah Al-Taraawih ?

p:Nh nhc c rt nhiu sai st mc phi trong lc Salah Al-Taraawih, mt mt l do cc Imamv mt khc l do nhng ngi khc ngoi h.

V pha Imam: C rt nhiu Imam dn l Salah rt nhanh n khng thtng tng

c, lm cho cc tn pha sau cm thy mt mi chn ngn, nht l ngi gi, ngi b bnh...hnh ng ny lm tri ngc vi lnh phi hnh l tht t tn, bnh thn. Nu cc Imam hnh lmt mnh th h c quyn nhanh chm ty , cn khi lm Imam dn l th cn chn cch tt nht cho cc tn pha sau c thlm c nhng g bt buc v nhng g khuyn khch lc hnh l Salah.Thy rng c nhiu ngi hnh l Salah ta nh g m thc tc c bi Al-Fatihah nhanh nh inxt, khi Ruku cha kp c g l li ng tr li, khi ng cha thng ngi th li Sujud..., giiUlama cho rng y l hnh ng m cc Imam khng nn lm.

i khi Imam dng l Salah Al-Wit-r ba Rak-at lin tip hoc nm Rak-at lin tip hoc byRak-at lin tip hoc chn Rak-at lin tip. ng y l cung cch hnh l Salah Al-Wit-r ca Nabi nhng Ngi ch hnh l mt mnh, khng hc ghi nhn l Ngi lm Imam vi hnh thc ny.

iu ny lm cho mi ngi cm thy kh chu bi h chnh tm hai Rak-at hoc h c cng vicmun i lin sau hoc h mun i vsinh nhng li bImam ko di n qu bt ng.

Nu mun th Imam nn gii thch r cho mi ngi cch thc h chun b tinh thn, rngtheo Sunnah l hnh l Salah Al-Wit-r l ba Rak-at lin tip, nm Rak-at lin tip, by Rak-at lin tipch ngi Al-Tashahhud cui cng, ri cho Salam v chn Rakat lin tip nhng Rak-at th tm thngi li c Al-Tashahhud nhng khng cho Salam m tip tc thm Rak-at th chn ri Al-Tashahhud v cho Salam. Nhng cung cch ny theo ti bit l Rasul ch hnh l mt mnh nhm thi.

V pha nhng ngi khc: Cn sai st t pha nhng ngi khc l thy c rng mt sngi ch hnh l Salah mt hoc hai Salam l h bi hoc ch hnh lvi m ri bvi m khc,

loi ngi ny t ph nhn n phc m Allah ban nhn thng Ramadan hng phc l:

(())

Ai ng hnh lSalah cng vi Imam n xong bui l, y sc vit n phc l ng hnhlsut m.(37)ty cm bn thn hng mt n phc bao la.

(35) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc Al-Tahajjud, chng Rasul ng vin hnh l Salah trong m, s (1129) vMuslim ghi mc Salah dnh cho ngi i ng, chng khuyn khch hnh l Salah trong Ramadan, s (761).

(36) Hadith do Al-Tirmizhi ghi mc nhn chay, chnglin quan n hnh l Salah trong Ramadan, s (806) v Al-Nasaa-y ghi mc Salah trong m, chng hnh l Salah trong Ramadan, s (1605) v Ibnu Maajah ghi mc nhn chay,

chng cc iu lin quan n vic hnh l Salah trong Ramadan, s (1327).


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Chanlyislam 23

Sai st th hai l c nhiu ngi tuy hnh lSalah sau Imam nhng li chuyn ng tc trcImam, y qul iu m Rasul tng khuyn co vi cu:

(())

Chng lnhng ngi ngn u ln trc Imam li khng sbAll ah bin u y thnh u conla hoc hnh hi y thnh hnh hi con la hay sao?(38)

Cu hi 55:Tha Sheikh, c cn phi cgng hnh lSalah Al-Taraawih trn thng Ramadan ?

p: Khng bt buc phi hnh l trn thng bi y ch l Sunnah, ch cn c lm l hng cn phc v nu bi cng chng b trng tr g.Nhng ai khng chu hnh l solah Taraawith l t

b mt hng phc v i v cng nh cp.

Cu hi 56:Tha Sheikh, c mt s Imam khc rt nhiu lc dn lAl -Taraawih, vi vic khcny lm cho mt sngi khin trch cho lImam lm lbt, vy theo gio l svic ny nhthno?

p: Nu khc mt cch khm nm shi khng la ht th khng thnh vn g, iu ny chngminh ngi khc c tm lng rt mm, chuyn tm hnh o v hiu c hin trng ca mnh. Cnnhng ngi khc ln ting m tm nim mun mi ngi bit ta l g , nu l vy th hchng c n phc g ngc li s b Allah khin trch vo Ngy sau v ti gi to.

Tng t, thy c c mt sImam c ua Qunut rt di bng nhng li cu xin nmngoi li di hun ca Rasul , y l iu khng nn lm, bi li ni hay l li ni ngn gn sc tchs lm mi ngi thch th hn nhng li cu xin di lm thm lm mi ngi chn ngn.

Cu hi 57:Tha Sheikh, c mt sngi tuy hnh ltheo Imam nhng li cm Quran theo

di Imam c, i khi y li cn c theo na. Trong khi Imam l ngi thuc Quran nm lng,vy gio l ra sao cho trng hp ny ?

p:iu ny khng nn lm ngoi tr khi cn thit, ging nh Imam ni: Ti c khng ng cholm cn ai ng pha sau d bng Quran v nhc khi ti c sai. Ngoi ra th khng cn n viccm Quran theo di Imam c bi hnh ng ny lm y mt i Sunnah khoanh tay ln ngc lchnh l Salah.

Cu hi 58:Tha Sheikh, c mt sngi chchn mt m m hcho l Laylatul Qadr (mnh mnh) hnh lSalah v hnh o cn nhng m khc th khng, vy vic lm ny cng khng?

p:Hnh ng ny khng hng vi Sunnah, bi Laylatul Qadr lun thay i theo nm, n khngh nht nh l m 27 hoc m no nh c truyn li t cc Hadith Saheeh rng Nabi tng thy m Laylatul Qadr vo m 21. Theo Sunnah ng li ca Rasul l khi vo mi mcui Ramadan l Ngi hu nh thc trng m, nh thc gia nh mi ngi ng chuyn tmhnh lSalah, hnh o. Tt nht l khng b st bt c ngy no hng c n phc trng hu.

(37) Hadith do Al-Tirmizhi ghi mc nhn chay, chnglin quan n hnh l Salah trong Ramadan, s (806) v Al-Nasaa-y ghi mc Salah trong m, chng hnh l Salah trong Ramadan, s (1605) v Ibnu Maajah ghi mc nhn chay,chng cc iu lin quan n vic hnh l Salah trong Ramadan, s (1327).

(38) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi li.


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Chanlyislam 24

Cu hi 59:Tha Sheikh, Etikaaf l nh thno vgio l ra sao cho vn ?

p:Etikaaf l vic n thn sut trong Masjid chuyn tm hnh o tn thAllahng Hin Vinh& Ti Caotch li hon ton vi th gii con ngi, ch cn lo toan mi vic hnh o. c phpEtikaaf tt ccc Masjid nhng tt nht l chn Masjid no c tin hnh l Salah tp th th su khi phi ra ngoi v Salah th su.

Cu hi 60:Tha Sheikh, Etkaaf c c phn l oi khng hay chc mt loi duy nht ?

p:Etikaaf ch c mt loi duy nht l n thn sut trong Masjid hnh o tn thAllah, cth trong lc nhn chay hoc khng nhn chay. Gii Ulama cn ang bt ng v vic Etikaaf l phinhn chay hay khng cn nhn chay? Nhng Etikaaf l gio l cho php thc hin vo mi ngy cuica Ramadan, bi y l nhng ngy m xa kia Rasul Etikaaf vi hi vng gp c LaylatulQadr (m nh mnh).

Cu hi 61:Tha Sheikh, Etikaaf c c php lm ngoi thng Ramadan khng hay chgii

hn trong thng Ramadan duy nht ?p: Nguyn thy vic Etikaaf chc php trong Ramadan, bi xa kiaNabi chEtikaaf trongthng Ramadan khng m thi ngoi tr mt ln Ngi Etikaaf trong thng Shawwaal do khng kpEtikaaf trong thng Ramadan. Nhng nu ai Etikaaf trong cc thng khc l iu c php bic ln Umar hi Rasul : Ti nguyn Etikaaf mt m Masjid Al-Haraam (Makkah) th

Ngi bo:

(())

ng hy lm i li nguyn .(39)

Cu hi 62:Tha Sheikh, Etikaaf c Rukun hay iu kin g khng ?

p:Etikaaf ch c mt Rukun duy nht l n thn sut trong Masjid chuyn tm hnh o tn thAllah, cch li vi th gii trn tc. Cn iu kin th nh cc th loi hnh o khc nh phi l ngiMuslim, u c bnh thng, d ngi ln hay tr em, d nam hay n, k c khng nhn chay v btc Masjid no.

Cu hi 63:Tha Sheikh, ph nc c php Etikaaf trong Masjid tr ong nhc ta khng ?

p: Khng. Khi ph n mun Etikaaf th phi Etikaaf trong cc Masjid trong trng thi sch s

khng kinh nguyt, khi n chu kth khng c Etikaaf.

Cu hi 64:Tha Sheikh, xin cho bit iu no nn lm v khng nn lm khi Etikaaf ?

p: Khuyn khch nn tp trung cho vic hnh o nh xng c Quran, tng nim, hnh lSalah..., c gng c th khng hoang ph thi gian bng nhng chuyn v b, ging nh c mt sngi tuy Etikaaf nhng li ni chuyn huyn thuyn vi mi ngi hoc c ht ngi ny, ngikia ving thm lm mt i ngha cao p ca Etikaaf. Nu nh thnh thong ni chuyn vi ai

(39) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc Etikaaf, chng chEtikaaf khi ang nhn chay, s (2042) v Muslim ghi mc

Iman (c tin), chng li nguyn ca ngi Kafir v nhng iu bt buc sau khi vo Islam, s (1656).


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Chanlyislam 25

hoc vi ngi thn th khng sao, bi nh c truyn li l Rasul tip vl b Safeeyah nthm Ngi vi thi gian c ting b mi i v.

Cu hi 65:Tha Sheikh, ngi Etikaaf c php lm nhng g ?

p:Nh nhc ngi Etikaaf phi chuyn tm hnh o nh xng c Quran, tng nim, hnhl Salah..., tuy nhin vic lm ca ngi Etikaaf c chia lm nhiu loi:

Loi theo gio lut: Chuyn tm hnh o tn th Allah, y l iu ct li ca vicEtikaaf nn buc phi trong Masjid.

Loi b cm: L nhng iu xa i Etikaaf nh i ra ngoi khi khng c chuy n cn hoc mua bn hoc giao dch hoc giao hp ... tt cu xa i ngha ca Etikaaf.

Loi c php:Nh tr chuyn vi mi ngi, hi thm v hon cnh ca h v nhng gAllah cho php nh i vsinh, i n ung nu khng c ngi mang n, ra ngoi vi vic bt buc

phi i v ra ngoi theo lnh ca gio l nh tm Junub.

Cn nhng vic nh thm ngi bnh, i theo ngi cht n m chn hoc nhng g gio lcho php lm, nu c nh tm ban u s thc hin lc Etikaaf th y c php lm cn nu khng

nh tm ban u l tuyt i khng c php lm. Ngoi trtrng hp ngi thn hoc bn b cngi qua i nu khng i smt tnh ngha hoc chuyn xu khc xy ra th nn i cho d c lm hvic Etikaaf, bi Etikaaf l Sunnah.

Cu hi 66:Tha Sheikh, khi Etikaaf c c php di i vtr khc tr ong Masj id khng hay bucphimt ni cnh ?

p:c php di i bt cni no trong Masjid, bi Allah phn:

:

... trong lc cc ngi ang Etikaaf (n thn hnh o) trong cc Masjid. Al-Baqarah: 187(chng 2).

V ch fi ngha l trong thuc gii t chni chn tc bt cni no trong Masjid.

Cu hi 67:Tha Sheikh, Zakat Al-F it-r c mc ch g v c l do khng ?

p: Mc ch ca Zakat Al-Fit-r l xut mt Sa thc n khi Ramadan kt thc, vi l do th hinlng tn Allah ban cho m by ti ca Ngi hon thnh nhim v nhn chay Ramadan v nayc php trli n ung bnh thng. Vi ngha cao p ny m n c gi l Zakat Al-Fit-r hoc

Sadaqah Al-Fit-r. y l l do Al-Shar-i' gi theo gio l Islam.Cn l do Al-Wodh-i (tm gi l l do t ): Khi mt tri ln vo ngy cui cng ca

Ramadan l bt buc mi ngi phi xut Zakat cho bn thn, cho vcon v tt c ai buc y phi nuidng.

Nu nh ai c vsanh sau mt tri ln ca ngy Eid th khuyn khch xut Zakat cho b. Nu ai tt thtrc mt tri ln ca ngy Eid th khng bt buc gia nh xut Zakat thay y bi

y cht trc gibt buc. Nu ai lm l kt hn trc mt tri ln ca ngy Eid buc y phi xut Zakat cho v, bi y l

nhim v ca chng, nu sau mt tri ln th khng bt buc. V mt Sa bng 2,4 kg.


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Chanlyislam 26

Cu hi 68:Tha Sheikh, gio l ra sao v Zakat Al-F it-r ?

p: Xut Zakat Al-Fit-r l nhim vm Rasul ra lnh cho mi tn Muslim phi thi hnh, nhng Abdullah bin Umar k: Rasulqui nh mi tn Muslim phi xut Zakat Al-Fit-r vo

sau Ramadan l mt Sa ch l kh hoc mt Sa la mch.(40) Nu ai xut tin hoc qun o hocng vt hoc vt dng qu gi hn mt Sa thc n cng khng c.

Cu hi 69:Tha Sheikh, i vi ai nn xut loi Zakat ny vai bt buc phi xut ?

p: Xut Zakat Fit-r l nhim v ca mi tn Muslim khng phn bit d ln hay nh, d gi haytr, d nam hay n, d ngi tdo hay ngi n l, d nhn chay hay khng nhn chay, d ang quhng hay i ng xa, tt cu phi xut loi Zakat ny. Gii Ulama ni rng khuyn khch xutZakat thay cho bo thai trong bng m.

Cu hi 70:Tha Sheikh, gio l rasao i vi nhng ngi khng chu xut Zakat Al-F it-r vcch xsvi y?

p: Hnh ng c tuyt khng xut Zakat l chng i lnh ca Rasul , ng Abdullah bin

Umar k: Rasulqui nh mi tn Muslim phi xut Zakat Al-Fit-r vo sau Ramadan lmt Sa ch l kh hoc mt Sa la mch.(41)ngi c tuyt lm iu Haram v phi gnh ly huqu.

Cu hi 71:Tha Sheikh, ai l ngi chng sZakat Al -F i t-r ny ?

p: Loi Zakat ny ch pht cho ngi ngho duy nht, nh ng Abdullah bin Umar k:Rasulqui nh mi tn Muslim phi xut Zakat Al-Fit-r vo sau Ramadan nhm ty ra nginhn chay khi cc li ni by, tc tu v thc n dnh ring cho ngi ngho.(42)

Cu hi 72:Tha Sheikh, c c php chia cho ngi lao ng khng phi lMuslim ?

p: Chc php chia cho ngi Muslim ngho duy nht m thi.

Cu hi 73:Tha Sheikh, gio l ra sao vic chuyn sZakat n t nc khc xa xi bi ni c nhiu ngi ngho hn ?

p: Nu trong ngi lng ang khng c ngi ngho th c php xut Zakat i ni khc, cntrong lng vn cn ngi ngho nhn n th khng c php chuyn i ni khc.

Cu hi 74:Tha Sheikh, gio l ra sao vic nhngi khc pht Zakat dm ?

p:c php. Th d ni vi ai tin tng: Khi anh gp ng ny th a s Zakat ny cho dmti. Nhim v cn li l ngi lnh phi a ti tay ngi c ktn trc khi hnh l Salah Eid.

(40) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc Zakat, chng Sadaqah Al-Fit-r i vi tt c Muslim k cngi n l, s (1504) vMuslim ghi mc Zakat, chng xut Zakat trc v vic c tuyt khng xut, s (984).

(41) Hadith do Al-Bukhary ghi mc Zakat, chng Sadaqah Al-Fit-r i vi tt c Muslim k cngi n l, s (1504) vMuslim ghi mc Zakat, chng xut Zakat trc v vic c tuyt khng xut, s (984).

(42) Hadith do Abu Dawood ghi mc Zakat, chng Zakat Al-Fit-r, s (1609).


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Chanlyislam 27

Trng hp gi Zakat cho ai ri khi gp mt ngi ngho v ni: Ti xut Zakat Al-Fit-rcho anh nhng khng gp v ti gi nh kbn.Nh thny c xem l xut Zakat, cho dngi ngho c ly s Zakat kia sau l Salah Eid.

Cu hi 75: Tha Sheikh, nu nhmi ai pht Zakat Al-Fit-r dm nhng vn cn n sauSalah Eid, vy phi gii quyt sao?

p: Nu ngi nhn l i din cho ngi ngho th khi vo tay y c xem l vo tay ngi ngho.Nu khng phi l ngi i din cho ngi ngho th bt buc phi chuyn n tay htrc SalahEid. i vi ai tr hon n sau Salah Eid th Zakat khng c chp nhn bi theo qui tc vichnh o b tr hon ra khi thi gian n nh m khng c l do chnh ng th khng c chpnhn sau . Ngoi trai khng tm c ngi ngho trong khong khc hoc do b qun lng thkhng sao, nhng phi xut Zakat khi tm c ngi ngho v nhra.

Cu hi 76:Tha Sheikh, vy trong trng hp ny y ly li hay phi buc phi xut ?

p: D ly li hay xut i khng c g khc.

Cu hi 77:Tha Sheikh, ngi M uslim phi ni g kh i nhn thytrng li l im thng Shawwaal ,trc khi dng lSalah Ei d ?

p:Ngi Muslim nn ni tht nhiu li tng nim nh "Allahu Akbar, La i la ha il lol loh, Al hamdu lil lah", bi Allah phn:

:38Thnn cc ngi hy hon thnh tt thi gian nhn chay v hy tng nim Ngi vi li AllahuAkbar (tc Allah v i nht) sau khi hon thnh snhn chay (tc trong m tt), nhm to

c hi cho cc ngi c dp tn Ngi bi chn l m Ngi ban. Al-Baqarah: 185 (chng 2).

Cu hi 78:Tha Sheikh, vy li ltng nim nh thno, cu xin Al lah ban cho Sheikh miiu tt p ?

p: Li lnh th ny:

.

ALLOHU AKBARALLOHU AKBARLA ILA HA IL LOLLOHU WALLOHU AKBARALLOHU AKBARWA LILLAHIL HAMD

Hoc ni:

.

ALLOHU AKBAR - ALLOHU AKBAR ALLOHU AKBAR LA ILA HA IL LOLLOH WALLOHU AKBARALLOHU AKBARALLOHU AKBARWA LILLAHIL HAMD

Cu hi 79: C phi theo Sunnah ltrong thng Romadon chng ta b mc tt c mi vic lmkhc chuyn tm hnh o ?


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Chanlyislam 28

p: L ngi Muslim th tt c mi hnh ng ca y s tn th, l shnh o min sao y c nhtm lm v Allah. Shnh o khng ch gi gn trong vic hnh l Solah hoc nhn chay m cn ctrong vic dy (truyn li) v hc hi (kin thc), truyn b Islam, gio dc v qun l con ci, qunxuyn gia nh, c x tt v gip mi ngi, trgip ngi kh khn hon nn, mli cho ngingh qun, mua bn bng phng tin Halal (c php)... Tt cu c th trthnh shnh o tnthAllah min ngi lm kt hp c snh tm v Allah. T, c ngi Muslim c Allah bancho shnh o nm trong tt c mi hnh ng ca y t vic chung chung (nh l hnhng i

thng) n vic ring (nh hnh l Solah, nhn chay) chc chn ngi ny sl ngi hng cbit bao l iu tt, bi mi hnh ng ca y u c ban thng; c s khc th ch c th tn thAllah bng shnh o ring m thi, nhng y s khng mt phn thng tt p ca mnh min saosnh tm ca y ch dnh ring cho Allah.

Trong i Nabi c hai ln i chin u trong thng Romadon, u tin l trn chin Badr Vi vo ngy 17 thng Romadon nm th 2 lch Hijroh, th hai l trn khi hon chim lnh MakkahThing Ling cng trong thng Romadon nm th 8 lch Hijroh, mc d i chinh chin nhng Nabi cng tt c bng hu ca Mnh lun thi hnh nhim v nhn chay, nhng do thy kh khn nn Ngira lnh mi ngi cng x chay. Qua y mun ni thng Romadon hng phc l thng mi ngiMuslim tn dng hnh o tn thAllah ch khng phi thng n ng, vui chi, gio lao.

Cu hi 80: Imam Al-Azhar ni: Vic lm chung quan trng nht trong thgii I slam kh i thngRomadon hng phc bt u l xc nh sxut hin catrngli l im, yu cu Ulama gii hcgi I slam phi thng nht trong vic xc nh ny.Xin kin ca Shaikh v cu ni ny?

p: Vic th gii Muslim ng thng nht nhn chay v x chay l vic lm v cng tt p, l iung khch l, l iu m gio l Islam yu cu, nhng khng th tr thnh hin thc ngoi tr lmc hai iu sau:

Thnht: Gii Ulama Islam phi b ht tt mi tin on dnh trc (ging nh lch csn hin nay), ging nh Nabi v cc tin nhn c hnh xa kia ca cng ng Islam vt b, ch

da hn vo s nhn thy trngli lim hoc sngy trong thng , nh c Nabi di hunphn tch r rng trong cc Hadith Soheeh (chnh xc).

Shaikh Al-Islam Ibnu Taimiyah ni trong b Al-Fataawa quyn 1, trang 132 133: GiiUlama Islam ng thng nht rng tuyt i khng c php da vo stin on ngy thng c

sp theo lch nhn chay v x chay hoc nhng g tng t.

c ghi li trong b Al-Fath quyn 4, trang 127 ca ng Al-Haafiz, ng Al-Baajy ni: Giitin nhn c hnh ng thng nht rng tuyt i khng c da vo lch c sp xp sn, v

sthng nht ny l bng chng gi tr dnh cho thh sau h.

Thhai: Bu ra mt quc gia i din trong vic nhn trngli lim, mt khi quc gia ny nhn thy trngli lim bng phng php Islam ch gio hun th bt buc nhng quc gia khc phi

lm theo, c vy l thi hnh mnh lnh ca Nabi :

(()).

Hy nhn chay khi thytrng li l im (ca thng Romadon tc thng 9 lch Islam) v n ungkhi thytrngli l im (ca thng Shuwaal tc thng 10 lch I slam). Nu my che ph lm ccngi khng thy c li l im th hy tnh mi thng l ba mi ngy.Hadith do Al-Bukhoryghi li. Nabi ni Hadith khc:

(())

(())..


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Chanlyislam 29

Chng ta lmt cng ng m chkhng bit vit, cng khng bit tnh (ngy thng), thnn cthng c tnh nh thny, nh thny v nh thny.Ngi xe hai bn tay a ra ba ln vtrong ln thba th Ngi khp ngn tay ci li v c thng c tnh nh thny, nh thny vnh thny.Ngi xe hai bn tay a ra ba ln. (Hadith do Al-Bukhory ghi li). Qua Hadith th Islamch tnh mi thng l 29 ngy hoc 30 ngy.

Ngoi hai Hadith ny c rt nhiu Hadith khc mang ngha tng t nh Hadith do IbnuUmar, Abu Huroiroh, Huzaifah bin Al-Yamaan v nhng v Sohabah khc k li. Trong Hadith Nabi khng h m ch dy ring cho qun chng Madinah. Ngc li,Ngi mun ni chung cho tt cmi ni trn th gii cho n ngy tn th. Vy, ch cn thc hin c hai vn ny th th giiIslam s nhn chay v x chay cng mt lc. Cu xin Allah ng Hin Vinh ban cho cng ng Islamtrthnh khi ng nht nhau trong mi vn thi hnh gio l Islam v cu xin che chtrnh khimi iu lm tri ngc gio l; v rng y cng l nhim v ca cng ng Islam bi Allah phn:

:

TA (Allah) th bi Thng ca Ngi (Muhammad), chng s khng tht lng tin tngcho n khi no chng n yu cu Ngi ng ra phn xviu chng ang tranh chp ri

chng cm thy khng ut c trong lng v quyt nh m Ngi a ra v chng hon tonqui phcAl-Nisa: 65 (chng 4).

Tt nhin, nhng g c Islam ra lnh u mang li ch cho con ngi trong mi hon cnhsng ca h, gip h hnh phc, gip h chin thng k th, gip h bnh an trn gian ln ngy sau.Cu xin Allah ng Nghe Thu tt c, hy mrng lng ca cng ng Muslim lun chp nhn chnl ng tht.

Cu hi 81: Gio l Islam ra sao i vi ai khng bit c thng Romadon bt u cho nsau rng ng, vy y phi lm sao?

p: Trng hp ny bt buc y phi nhn chay cng mi ngi, bi ngi ang nh c nh khngc php n ung vo ban ngy thng Romadon, nhng ngy khng c tnh bt buc y phinhn b li ngy hm khc, bi y cha nh tm trc rng ng, Nabi ni:

(()).

Ai khng nh tm nhn chay trc rng ng th snhn chay ca y v hiu. Hadith do Al-Daruqutny ghi li t b A-y-shah .

Cng Hadith ny c Shaikh Ibnu Qudaamah ghi li trong b Al-Muny, v l kin chungca i a s Ulama gii hc gi Islam, cn ng ca Hadith l p dng cho s nhn chay bt buc(nh nhn chay Romadon...) ch cn s nhn chay Sunnah khuyn khch v t nguyn th c phpnh tm ngay ban ngy min sao ngi mun nhn vn cha ng chm n nhng iu lm h snhn chay t sau rng ng xut hin, bi trc kia, Nabi tng lm th.

Cu xin Allah ban s thnh cng m mn cho cng ng Muslim, cu xin Ngi ban cho hlun lm hi lng Ngi duy nht v xin hy chp nhn s nhn chay v l Solah ca chng ti, qu tht

Ngi Hng Nghe, Hng Thy v cu xin bng an v phc lnh cho Nabi Muhammad ca chng ta,cng gia quyn v tt c bng hu ca Ngi.

Cu hi 82: Vic thi ctrng hc c c xem ll dochnh ng n ung bnh thng voban ngy thng Romadon khng?


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Chanlyislam 30

p: Vic thi ctrng hc v nhng vic khc mang hnh thc tng tkhng c xem l l don ung bnh thng vo ban ngy thng Romadon, li cng khng c php nghe li cha mnung bnh thng lo thi c, bi con ngi khng c php tun li ngi khc hay to vt khc lm tri lnh ca ng To Ha, ch tun li nhau trong khun khc php, ging nh Nabi tng di hun.

Cu hi 83: Cha ti mt vo ngy thba ca thng Romadon, vy c bt buc ti nhn chay vinh tm thcho ng ta cho ht thng khng, tc phi nhn hai mi by ngy cn li?

p: Anh khng cn phi lm g c, bi ngay khi cha anh cht th cha anh cng ht nhim v. Thnn, khng bt buc anh phi nhn chay th, li cng khng cho php anh lm th.

Cu hi 84: Theo gio l ca Allah vRosulra sao i vi nhm ngi khi nhn chay Romadonlphi nhn ba mi ngy khng c thiu?

p: y qu l mt vic lm sai tri, lm tri ngc Thin Kinh Quran v Sunnah ca RosulMuhammad, tri ngc vi vic lm ca nhm Sohabah , v Allah phn:

:38Mi ngi hi Ngi (Muhammad) vtrngli lim. Hy bo chng: Trng li lim l mcthi gian mi ngi tnh ton vic thi hnh Hajj.Al-Baqoroh: 189 (chng 2).

Allah phn chng khc:

:V vt g (iu g) do Rosul ban (hoc ra lnh) cho cc ngi th hy nhn n v vt g b Rosulcm cc ngi th hy trnh xa n ngay Al-Hashr: 7 (chng 59).

V Nabi ni:

(()).

Hy nhn chay khi thytrng li l im (ca thng Romadon tc thng 9 lch Islam) v n ungkhi thytrngli l im (ca thng Shuwaal tc thng 10 lch I slam). Nu my che ph lm ccngi khng thy c trng li l im th hy tnh mi thng l ba mi ngy.Hadith do Al-Bukhory ghi li.

C ng truyn khc Nabi ni:

(())

... cc ngi hy nhn chay ba mi ngy.

C ng truyn khc Nabi ni:(())

... th hy tnh thng Sha' baan (tc thng 8 lch Islam) l thng ba mi ngy.Hadith do Al-Bukhory ghi li.

Qua nhng cu kinh v cc Hadith chng minh va nu, bt buc ngi Muslim phi da votrng li lim nhn bit thng bt u v kt thc, nu thng ba mi ngy th nhn chay bami ngy, nu thng thiu th nhn chay hai mi chn ngy. V cng c truyn li v cng


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Chanlyislam 31

chnh xc rng Nabi ni c thng sl hai mi chn ngy v c thng l ba mi ngy. Th nn,Nabi ra lnh mi ngi theo di trng li lim, khi cui thng Shabaan khng thy trng lilim th tnh thng l ba mi ngy v khi khng thy trngli lim cui thng Romadon thnhn chay ba mi ngy.

n y, cm khng ai c php t da vo suy ngh ca mnh m ni: mi thng thngxuyn l ba mi ngy, bi li ni ny l si chi, l lm tri ngc cc Hadith Soheeh (xc thc)t Nabi v s thng nht ca cng ng Muslim. Gii Ulama ng thng nht tuyt i rng: thngtrong nm c khi l hai mi chn ngy v c khi l ba mi ngy, v stht ng l nh vy.

Trong Thin Kinh Quran V i Allah phn rng:

:

Hi nhng ngi c c tin! Hy tun lnh Allah, hy tun lnh Rosul (Muhammad) v cplnh o (ngi Muslim) trong cc ngi. Mt khi cc ngi c sbt ng kin v bt cvicg th hy cng nhau quay tr li vi Allah v Rosul nu cc ngi l nhng ngi lun tintng vo Allah v vo ngy phn xcui cng. l li gii thch cao minh v l sphn tchchnh xc.Al-Nisa: 59 (chng 4).

Gii Ulama Tafseer (phn tch) Quran v nhng ngi khc phn tch rng ng cu: quaytrli vi Allah l trv vi Thin Kinh Quran v quay tr li vi Rosul tc nhRosul phn xnu Ngi cn sng, khi ngi cht th quay li vi Sunnah Soheeh (tc nhng Hadith xc thc) t

Ngi.

n y ti dn chng r rng cho mi ngi bit c rng qua Quran, qua Sunnah vqua s thng nht ca gii Ulama l thng trong nm c khi l hai mi chn ngy v c khi l bami ngy, khng ai c php v tnh hay c lm tri ngc ngun gc ca gio l ny. Cu xinAllah che chv bo v, chng ta lun ph thc ni Ngi v phc lc thay cho sph thc .

Cu hi 85: Mt khi bu tri bmy che phv ngi ku gi hnh l ct ting Azan, lp tcmt sngi l in x chay da vo li Azan bo, sau khi x chay th pht hin c mt tri vncha ln, vy snhn chay ca nhng ngi xchay ra sao trong trng hp va nu?

p:Nhng ai ri vo trng hp cu hi va nu phi tip tc nhn chay cho n mt tri ln ri sau nhn b li ngy hm sau, h khng h b ti g c, bi h ctng mt tri ln, y l kinca i a sUlama. Cng theo kin ca h, vo ngy ba mi ca thng Shabaan mi ngi nung bnh thng, sau mi xc nh c hm nay l ngy mng mt ca Romadon th bt bucmi ngi nhn chay lp tc v h khng h b ti g c, bi h n ung trong v thc v thngRomadon, s v thc gip h khi phm ti nhng bt buc h phi nhn chay b li ngy hm .

Cu xin Allah ban s thnh cng m mn cho cng ng Muslim, cu xin Ngi ban cho hlun lm hi lng Ngi duy nht, cu xin Ngi gip tt c hon thnh nhim v c Ngi giao

ph t hnh lSolah n cc nhim vkhc v lun hnh o trn phng din Ngi hi lng, qutht, Ngi Hng Nghe Hng Thy.

Tc gi: CImam Abdul Azeez bin Abdullah bin Baaz

Dch Thut: Abu Hisaan Ibnu Ysa

fatawa 85 cÂu hoi Đap ve viec nhin chay ramadan

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