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Recomandare a Comisiei Europene privind Legisla iaFamiliei.

Comisia European privind Legislaia Familiei. a fost creat la 1 septembrie 2001 i

are, ca obiectiv principal armonizarea dreptului familiei n Europa. Beneficiul majorpreconizat prin nfiinarea acestei Comisii este crearea unui set de principii europenelegate de Dreptul familiei care s fie privite ca modele pentru armonizarea DreptuluiFamiliei n Europa.(Documentul original n englez se gse te la adresa webhttp://www.ceflonline.net/)

v.5

PRINCIPIILE LEGISLAIEI

EUROPENE PRIVINDAUTORITATEA PRINTEASC

PRINCIPLES OF EUROPEAN

FAMILY LAW REGARDINGPARENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES

PREAMBUL

Pornind de la faptul c dincolo dediversitatea sistemelor privind legile naionalereferitoare la familie, exist cu certitudine oconvergen tot mai accentuat a legilor;

Pornind de la faptul c libera circulaie apersoanelor in Europa este blocat dediferenele care rmn;

Dorind a contribui la valorile europenecomune referitoare la drepturile sibunstarea copilului;

Dorind a contribui la armonizarea legislaieieuropene privind familia i de a facilita i maimult libera circulaie a persoanelor n Europa;

Comisia European privind Legislaia

Familiei recomand urm toarele principii:

PREAMBLE

Recognizing that, notwithstanding theexisting diversities of national family lawsystems, there is nevertheless a growingconvergence of laws;

Recognizing that the free movement ofpersons within Europe is hindered by theremaining differences;

Desiring to contribute to common Europeanvalues regarding the childs rights andwelfare;

Desiring to contribute to the harmonization offamily law in Europe and to further facilitatethe free movement of persons within Europe;

The Commission on European Family Law

recommends the following Principles:


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CAPITOLUL I: DEFINIII CHAPTER I: DEFINITIONS

Principiul 3:1 Conceptul de autoritate

printeasc

Autoritatea printeasc desemneaz uncumul de drepturi i obligaii, care au dreptscop promovarea i protejarea bunstriicopilului. Ele se refer n special la:(a) ngrijire, protecie i educaie;(b) meninerea relaiilor personale;(c) stabilirea rezidenei;(d) administrarea propriet ii i(e) reprezentarea legal .

Principle 3:1 Concept of parental

responsibilities

Parental responsibilities are a collection ofrights and duties aimed at promoting andsafeguarding the welfare of the child. Theyencompass in particular:(a) care, protection and education;(b) maintenance of personal relationships;(c) determination of residence;(d) administration of property, and(e) Legal representation.

Principiul 3:2 Titularul autoritii printeti

(1) Se nume te titular al autorit ii p rinte tiorice persoan care are drepturile iobligaiile prezentate la Principiul 3:1, fieparial, fie n totalitate.

(2) Prin titularii autorit ii printe ti, n acordcu urm toarele principii, se nelege:(a) p rinii copilului, precum i

(b) alte persoane, dect prinii copilului,care au responsabilit i p rinte ti al turi desau n locul acestora.

Principle 3:2 Holder of parentalresponsibilities

(1) A holder of parental responsibilities is anyperson having the rights and duties listed inPrinciple 3:1 either in whole or in part.

(2) Subject to the following Principles,holders of parental responsibilities are:(a) the childs parents, as well as

(b) persons other than the childs parentshaving parental responsibilities in addition toor instead of the parents.


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CAPITOLUL II: DREPTURILECOPILULUI

CHAPTER II: RIGHTS OF THE CHILD

Principiul 3:3 Interesul superior alcopilului

Interesul superior al copilului trebuie saprimeze n toate aspectele referitoare laautoritatea p rinteasc .

Principle 3:3 Best interests of the child

In all matters concerning parentalresponsibilities the best interests of the childshould be the primary consideration.

Principiul 3:4 Autonomia copilului

Autonomia copilului trebuie respectat nconcordan cu nevoile de dezvoltare i cunevoia copilului de a aciona n modindependent.

Principle 3:4 Autonomy of the child

The childs autonomy should be respected inaccordance with the developing ability andneed of the child to act independently.

Principiul 3:5 Lipsa de discriminare a

copilului

Copiii nu ar trebui s fie discriminai pe criteriide sex, ras , culoare, limb , religie, opiniipolitice sau de alt natur , naionalitate,provenien etnic sau social , orientaresexual , handicap, proprietate, na tere saualt statut, indiferent dac acestea se refer la

copil sau la persoanele care deinautoritatea p rinteasc .

Principle 3:5 Non-discrimination of the

child

Children should not be discriminated ongrounds such as sex, race, colour, language,religion,political or other opinion, national, ethnic orsocial origin, sexual orientation, disability,

property, birth or other status, irrespective ofwhether these grounds refer to the child or tothe holders of parental responsibilities.

Principiul 3:6 Dreptul copilului de a-i fiascultat prerea

Avnd n vedere vrsta i maturitatea

copilului, acesta ar trebui s aib dreptul de afi informat, consultat i de a avea

Principle 3:6 Childs right to be heard

Having regard to the childs age and maturity,

the child should have the right to beinformed, consulted and to express his or her


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posibilitatea de a- i exprima prerea nleg tur cu toate aspectele care l privesc,acordnd importana cuvenit p rerilorexprimate de acesta.

opinion in all matters concerning the child,with due weight given to the views expressedby him or her.

Principiul 3:7 Conflictul de interese

Interesele copilului trebuie protejate defiecare dat cnd acestea intr n conflict cuinteresele celor care sunt titulari ai autorit iiprinte ti.

Principle 3:7 Conflict of interests

The interests of the child should be protectedwhenever they may be in conflict with theinterests of the holders of parentalresponsibilities.

CAPITOLUL III: AUTORITATEAPRINTEASCA PRINILORI ATERELOR PERSOANE

CHAPTER III: PARENTALRESPONSIBILITIES OF PARENTSAND THIRD PERSONS

Principiul 3:8

Prinii, a c ror paternitate legal a foststabilit , ar trebui s aib autoritateprinteasc fa de copil.

Principle 3:8 Parents

Parents, whose legal parentage has beenestablished, should have parentalresponsibilities for the child.

Principiul 3:9 Tere persoane

Autoritatea printeasc poate fi atribuit

parial sau integral unei alte persoane, carenu este p rintele copilului.

Principle 3:9 Third persons

Parental responsibilities may in whole or in

part also be attributed to a person other thana parent.

Principiul 3:10 Efectul divorului sausepar rii

Autoritatea printeasc nu trebuie s fie

afectat de desfacerea sau anulareacs toriei sau a altei forme de relaie i nici

Principle 3:10 Effect of dissolution andseparation

Parental responsibilities should neither beaffected by the dissolution or annulment of

the marriage or other formal relationship norby the legal or factual separation between


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de separarea de iure sau de facto aprinilor.

the parents.

CAPITOLUL IV: EXERCIIULAUTORITII PRINTETI

CHAPTER IV: EXERCISE OFPARENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES

SECIUNEA A: PRINII SECTION A: PARENTS

Principiu 3:11 Exerciiul comun

Prinii care au autoritatea printeasc artrebui s aib n mod egal dreptul i obligaiade a o exercita i de cte ori este posibil, artrebui s fac acest lucru mpreun .

Principle 3:11 Joint exercise

Parents having parental responsibilitiesshould have an equal right and duty toexercise such responsibilities and wheneverpossible they should exercise them jointly.

Principiul 3:12 Chestiuni zilnice, deciziiimportante i urgente

(1) Prinii care au autoritatea p rinteasc

comun ar trebui sa aib dreptul s acioneze n mod independent n ceea ceprive te chestiunile zilnice.

(2) Deciziile importante, cum ar fi celereferitoare la educaie, tratament medical,reedina copilului sau administrareabunurilor sale ar trebui luate mpreun de

c tre prini. n situaiide urgen , p rintelear trebui s aib dreptul de a aciona singur.Cel lalt printe trebuie informat fr ntrzierinejustificate asupra acestui lucru.

Principle 3:12 Daily matters, importantand urgent decisions

(1) Parents having joint parental

responsibilities should have the right to actalone with respect to daily matters.

(2) Important decisions concerning matterssuch as education, medical treatment, thechilds residence, or the administration of hisor her property should be taken jointly. In

urgent cases a parent should have the rightto act alone. The other parent should beinformed without undue delay.

Principiul 3:13 Acordul privind exercitarea

(1) Avnd n vedere interesul superior al

copilului, p rinii care au drept de exercitare n comun a autorit ii p rinte ti pot ncheia

Principle 3:13 Agreement on exercise

(1) Subject to the best interests of the child,

parents having joint parental responsibilitiesmay agree on the exercise of parental


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un acord cu privire la modul de punere naplicare a acestora.

(2) Autoritatea competent poate examina

acest acord.

responsibilities.

(2) The competent authority may scrutinizethe agreement.

Principiul 3:14 Lipsa de acord privindexercitarea

(1) Atunci cnd prinii care au autoritateprinteasc a crei exercitare se face ncomun, dar care nu se neleg asupra unuiaspect important, atunci pot apela laautoritatea competent n domeniu.

(2) Autoritatea competent ar trebui s promoveze un acord ntre prini.

(3) Atunci cnd nu se poate ajunge la unacord, autoritatea competent ar trebui s mpart exercitarea autorit ii p rinte ti ntrepri sau s soluioneze disputa.

Principle 3:14 Disagreement on exercise

(1) Where parents having joint parentalresponsibilities cannot agree on an importantmatter they may apply to the competentauthority.

(2) The competent authority should promoteagreement between the parents.

(3) Where agreement cannot be reached thecompetent authority should divide theexercise of parental responsibilities betweenthe parents or decide the dispute. Nigel: dowe have to insert a comma after reached?

Principiul 3:15 Exercitarea individual aautoritii printeti, ca urmare a

acordului sau deciziei

Avnd n vedere interesul superior alcopilului, un printe poate s - i exercitesingur autoritatea printeasc (a) ca urmare a unui acord ntre pri,conform principiului 3:13, sau(b) ca urmare a unei decizii formulate de

autoritatea competent .

Principle 3:15 Sole exercise uponagreement or decision

Subject to the best interests of the child aparent may exercise parental responsibilitiesalone(a) upon agreement between the parentsaccording to Principle 3:13, or(b) upon a decision of the competentauthority.


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Principiul 3:16 Exerciiul unic al unuisingur p rinte

Dac doar unul dintre prini are autoritate

printeasc , atunci el sau ea ar trebui s i leexercite singur ( ).

Principle 3:16 Sole exercise by one parent

If only one parent has parental

responsibilities he or she should exercisethem alone.

SECIUNEA B: TERE PERSOANE SECTION B:THIRD PERSONS

Principiul 3:17 Exerciiul alturi de sau nlocul prinilor

O alt persoan , dect printele poateexercita autoritatea printeasc parial sau n ntregime alturi de sau n locul p rinilor.

Principle 3:17 Exercise in addition to orinstead of the parents

A person other than a parent may exercisesome or all parental responsibilities inaddition to or instead of the parents.

Principiul 3:18 Decizii cu privire lachestiuni zilnice

Partenerul (a) printelui, care locuie te cucopilulpoate lua parte la deciziile privitoare lachestiunile zilnice, cu excepia cazului n carecel lalt printe cu responsabilit i parentalese opune acestui lucru.

Principle 3:18 Decisions in daily matters

The parents partner living with the childmay take part in decisions with respect to dailymatters unless the other parent havingparental responsibilities objects.

CAPITOLUL V: CONINUTULAUTORITII PRINTETI

CHAPTER V: CONTENT OF PARENTALRESPONSIBILITIES

SECIUNEA A: PERSOANAIPROPRIETATEA COPILULUI

SECTION A: THE CHILDS PERSON ANDPROPERTY

Principiul 3:19 ngrijire, protecie ieduca ie

(1) Titularii autorit ii printe ti ar trebui s

ofere copilului ngrijire, protecie i educaie,conform personalit ii i nevoilor de

Principle 3:19 Care, protection andeducation

(1) The holders of parental responsibilities

should provide the child with care, protectionand education in accordance with the childs


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dezvoltare specifice copilului.

(2) Copilul nu trebuie s fie supus pedepsei

corporale sau oric rui alt tratament umilitor.

distinctive character and developmentalneeds.

(2) The child should not be subjected to

corporal punishment or any other humiliatingtreatment.

Principiul 3:20 Locuina copiluluii

(1) n cazul n care autoritatea printeasc sunt exercitate n comun, titularii acestora,dac locuiesc separat ar trebui s se pun de acord cu privire la persoana cu care valocui copilul.

(2) Copilul poate locui n mod alternativ cutitularii autorit ii printe ti, fie ca urmare aunui acord aprobat de autoritateacompetent , fie a unei decizii luate deaceasta din urm . Autoritatea competent trebuie s aib n vedere urm torii factori:(a) vrsta i opinia copilului;(b) capacitatea i dorina titularilorresponsabilit ilor parentale de a colaboraunul cu cel lalt cu privire la aspectele legatede copil, precum i situaia lor personal ;(c) distana dintre locuinele titularilor

autorit ii parentale i coala pe care ofrecventeaz copilul.

Principle 3:20 Residence

(1) If parental responsibilities are exercised jointly the holders of parental responsibilitieswho are living apart should agree upon withwhom the child resides.

(2) The child may reside on an alternatebasis with the holders of parentalresponsibilities upon either an agreementapproved by a competent authority or adecision by a competent authority. Thecompetent authority should take intoconsideration factors such as:(a) the age and opinion of the child;(b) the ability and willingness of the holdersof parental responsibilities to cooperate witheach other in matters concerning the child,as well as their personal situation;(c) the distance between the residences of

the holders of the parental responsibilitiesand to the childs school.

Principiul 3:21 Schimbarea locuin ei

(1) n cazul n care autoritatea p rinteasc este exercitat n comun i unul dintre titulariiacestora dore te s schimbe locuina al

copilului n interiorul sau n exteriorul zoneide jurisdicie, atunci el sau ea trebuie s -l (s

Principle 3:21 Relocation

(1) If parental responsibilities are exercised jointly and one of the holders of parentalresponsibilities wishes to change the childs

residence within or outside the jurisdiction,he or she should inform the other holder of


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o) informeze pe cel lalt cu privire la acestlucru.

(2) Dac cel lalt titular al autorit ii printe ti

nu este de acord cu schimbarea locuineicopilului, atunci oricare dintre ei poate apelala autoritatea competent n vederea obineriiunei decizii n acest sens.

(3) Autoritatea competent trebuie s aib nvedere urm torii factori:(a) vrsta i opinia copilului;(b) dreptul copilului de a menine relaiipersonale cu cel lalt titular al autorit iiprinte ti;(c) capacitatea i dorina titularilor autorit iiprinte ti de a colabora unul cu cel lalt;(d) situaia personal a titularilor autorit iiprinte ti;(e) distana geografic i accesibilitatea;(f) libera circulaie a persoanelor.

parental responsibilities thereof in advance.

(2) If the other holder of parental

responsibilities objects to the change of thechilds residence, each of them may apply tothe competent authority for a decision.

(3) The competent authority should take intoconsideration factors such as:(a) the age and opinion of the child;(b) the right of the child to maintain personalrelationships with the other holders ofparental responsibilities;(c) the ability and willingness of the holdersof parental responsibilities to cooperate witheach other;(d) the personal situation of the holders ofpersonal responsibilities;(e) the geographical distance andaccessibility;(f) the free movement of persons.

Principiul 3:22 Administrarea propriet iicopilului

(1) Titularii responsabilit ilor parentale artrebui s administreze proprietatea copiluluicu grija i atenia cuvenite pentru a pstra iacolo unde este posibil a cre te valoareabunurilor.

(2) n cazul administrrii propriet ii copilului,titularii autorit ii printe ti ar trebui s nu

fac cadouri, dect atunci cnd acestea suntconsiderate a fi o obligaie moral ;

Principle 3:22 Administration of thechilds property

(1) The holders of parental responsibilitiesshould administer the childs property withdue care and diligence in order to preserveand where possible increase the value of theproperty.

(2) In administering the childs property theholders of parental responsibilities should not

make gifts unless the gifts are deemed to bemade under a moral obligation.


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(3) Venitul obinut de pe urma propriet iicopilului, care nu este folosit pentruadministrarea adecvat a propriet ii sau

pentru ngrijirea i educarea copilului, poate fifolosit pentru a acoperi nevoile familiei, doaratunci cnd acest lucru este necesar.

(3) The income derived from the childsproperty which is not needed for the propermanagement of the property or for the

maintenance and education of the child may,where necessary, be used for the needs ofthe family.

Principiul 3:23 Restriciile

(1) Titularii autorit ii printe ti ar trebui s nuadministreze bunurile obinute de copil caurmare a unei dispoziii testamentare sau aunui cadou, dac donatorul a precizat c nudore te acest lucru.

(2) n mod similar, veniturile copilului nu artrebui administrate de titularii autorit iiprinte ti dect n cazul n care copilul nu arevrsta sau maturitatea de a decide acestlucru singur.

(3) n cazul n care exist tranzacii cuconsecine financiare semnificative pentrucopil este necesar acordul autorit iicompetente.

Principle 3:23 Restrictions

(1) The holders of parental responsibilitiesshould not administer property acquired by achild through a testamentary disposition or agift, if the testator or the donor so instructed.

(2) Similarly the earnings by the child shouldnot be administered by the holders ofparental responsibilities unless the child isnot of sufficient age and maturity to decidehimself or herself.

(3) Where transactions can have significantfinancial consequences for the child theauthorization of the competent authorityshould be necessary.

Principiul 3:24 Reprezentarea legal

(1) Titularii autorit ii printe ti ar trebui s reprezinte copilul din punct de vedere legal ntoate aspectele legate de persoana saubunurile copilului.

(2) Reprezentarea legal nu ar trebui s aib loc n situaiile n care exist un conflict de

Principle 3:24 Legal representation

(1) The holders of parental responsibilitiesshould legally represent the child in mattersconcerning the childs person or property.

(2) Legal representation should not takeplace where there is a conflict of interest


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interese ntre copil i titularii autorit iiprinte ti.

(3) Copilul ar trebui s aib dreptul s se

auto-reprezinte n procesele legale,inndcont de vrsta i maturitatea sa.

between the child and the holders of parentalresponsibilities.

(3) Having regard to the childs age and

maturity, the child should have the right toself-representation in legal proceedingsconcerning himself or herself.

SECIUNEA B: MENINEREARELAIILOR PERSONALE

SECTION B: MAINTENANCE OFPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS

Principiul 3:25 Contactul direct cu p rinii i alte persoane

(1) Copiii i prinii ar trebui s aib dreptulde a avea cu regularitate contact direct uniicu ceilali.

(2) Trebuie asigurat contactul direct dintrecopil i rudele sale apropiate

(3) Se poate asigura i contactul direct ntrecopil i persoane cu care acesta se afl nrelaii apropiate.

Principle 3:25 Contact with parents andother persons

(1) The child and the parents should havethe right to obtain and maintain regularcontact with each other.

(2) Contact should be established betweenthe child and his or her close relatives.

(3) Contact may be established between thechild and persons with whom the child hasclose personal relations.

Principiul 3:26 Ce presupune contactuldirect

(1) Contactul direct se refer la petrecereatimpului sau la ntlnirile dintre copil i p rintesau o alt persoan , cu care acesta nulocuie te n mod obinuit; precum i la oricealt form de comunicare dintre ace tia.

(2) Astfel de contacte directe trebuie s fie

considerate a fi n interesul superior alcopilului.

Principle 3:26 Content of contact

(1) Contact comprises the child staying for alimited period of time with or meeting aparent or person other than a parent withwhom he or she is not usually living; and anyform of communication between the child andsuch person.

(2) Such contact should be in the best

interests of the child.


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Principiul 3:27 Acordul

(1) Avnd n vedere interesul superior al

copilului, p rinii i alte persoane menionatela Principiul 3:25(2) i (3) pot ajunge la unacord cu privire la contactul direct.

(2) Autoritatea competent poate examinaacordul.

Principle 3:27 Agreement

(1) Subject to the best interests of the child,

the parents and the other persons identifiedunder Principle 3:25(2) and (3) may agree oncontact.

(2) The competent authority may scrutinizethe agreement.

Principiul 3:28 Restriciile

Dac interesul superior al copilului impune,contactul direct poate fi restricionat, interzissau poate fi supus unor condiii stipulate deautoritatea competent .

Principle 3:28 Restrictions

Contact may be restricted, terminated ormade subject to conditions by the competentauthority if the best interests of the child sorequire.

Principiul 3:29 Informarea prinilor

Printele ar trebui s aib dreptul de a fiinformat cu privire la aspectele legate desituaia personal a copilului.

Principle 3:29 Information to parents

A parent should have the right to be informedabout matters concerning the personalsituation of the child.

CAPITOLUL VI: NCETAREA AUTORITIIPRINTETI

CHAPTER VI: TERMINATION OFPARENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES

Principiul 3:30 ncetarea autorit iiprinteti

(1) Autoritatea printeasc ar trebui s se ncheie n cazul n care copilul:(a) ajunge la maturitate;(b) se cs tore te sau are un parteneriat

oficial;(c) este adoptat;

Principle 3:30 Termination

(1) Parental responsibilities should beterminated in the case of the child:(a) reaching majority;(b) entering into a marriage or registered

partnership;(c) being adopted;


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(d) moare.

(2) Dac partenerul(a) printelui naturaladopt copilul acestuia din urm , atunci

autoritatea p rinteasc n raport cu cel laltprinte ar trebui s se ncheie.

(d) dying.

(2) If a parents partner adopts the child ofthe parent the parental responsibilities in

relation to the other parent should beterminated.

Principiul 3:31 Decesul prinilor

(1) Dac prinii au autoritate comun asupracopiilor, iar unul dintre ei moare, atunciaceasta va reveni printelui supravieuitor;

(2) Dac un printe cu drept unic deexercitare a autorit ii p rinte ti moare,aceasta ar trebui atribuit printeluisupravieuitor sau unei tere persoane,conform deciziei autorit ii competente;

(3) n cazul decesului ambilor prini, dintrecare cel puin unul deinea autoritateaprinteasc , autoritatea competent ar trebuis instituie o msur de protecie cu privire lapersoana i bunurile copilului.

Principle 3:31 Death of the parents

(1) If parents have joint parentalresponsibilities and one of them dies theparental responsibilities should belong to thesurviving parent.

(2) If a parent having sole parentalresponsibilities dies, responsibilities shouldbe attributed to the surviving parent or a thirdperson upon a decision by the competentauthority.

(3) On the death of both parents, of whom atleast one parent had parental responsibilities,the competent authority should takeprotective measures in respect of the personand the property of the child.

CAPITOLUL VII: RETRAGEREAIREINSTAURAREA AUTORITIIPRINTETI

CHAPTER VII: DISCHARGE ANDRESTORATION OFPARENTAL RESPONSIBILITIES

Principiul 3:32 Retragerea autorit iiprinteti

Autoritatea competent ar trebui s retrag

autoritatea p rinteasc dein torului ei, ntotalitate sau parial, atunci cnd

Principle 3:32 Discharge of parentalresponsibilities

The competent authority should discharge

the holder of parental responsibilities, whollyor in


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comportamentul su sau neglijarea constituieun risc considerabil la adresa persoanei saua bunurilor copilului.

part, where his or her behaviour or neglectcauses a serious risk to the person or thepropertyof the child

Principiul 3:33: Solicitarea retrageriiresponsabilit ilor parentale

(1) Retragerea autorit ii printe ti poate fisolicitat de c tre:(a) oricare dintre prinii care au autoritateprinteasc;(b) copil, i(c) orice instituie care protejeaz intereselecopilului.(2) Autoritatea competent poate s decid retragerea autorit ii printe ti din proprieiniiativ .

Principle 3:33 Request for discharge ofparental responsibilities

(1) The discharge of parental responsibilitiesmay be requested by:(a) any parent having parentalresponsibilities;(b) the child, and(c) any institution protecting the interests ofthe child.

(2) The competent authority may also orderthe discharge of parental responsibilities ofits own motion.

Principiul 3:34 Reinstaurarea autorit iiprinteti

Avnd n vedere interesul superior alcopilului, autoritatea competent poatereinstaura autoritatea p rinteasc , dac circumstanele care au dus la retragerea lor

au disprut.

Principle 3:34 Restoration of parentalresponsibilities

Having regard to the best interests of thechild, the competent authority may restoreparental responsibilities if the circumstancesthat led to the discharge no longer exist.

CAPITOLUL VIII: PROCEDURA CHAPTER VIII: PROCEDUREPrincipiul 3:35 Autoritatea competent

(1) Toate hotrrile cu privire la autoritateaprinteasc ar trebui emise de autoritatea

competent , care poate fi de natur judiciar sau administrativ .

Principle 3:35 Competent authority

(1) All decisions on parental responsibilitiesshould be taken by the competent authority

which can either be a judicial or anadministrative body.


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(2) Atunci cnd este necesar, autoritateacompetent trebuie s mputerniceasc opersoan sau o instituie potrivit pentru a

investiga situaia copilului.

(2) Where necessary, the competentauthority should appoint any suitable personor body to investigate the childs

circumstances.

Principiul 3:36 Metode alternative derezolvare a disputelor

n toate disputele legate de autoritateaprinteasc ar trebui s fie folositemecanismele medierii, ca metod alternativ de rezolvare a disputelor.

Principle 3:36 Alternative disputeresolution

In all disputes regarding parentalresponsibilities alternative dispute resolutionmechanisms should be available.

Principiul 3:37 Audierea copilului

(1) Conform principiului 3:6, autoritateacompetent ar trebui s audieze copilul ntoate procedurile privind autoritateaprinteasc , iar dac acesta nu este audiatatunci este necesar prezentarea motivelespecifice care au stat la baza acestei decizii.

(2) Audierea copilului ar trebui s sedesf oare, fie n mod direct n faa autorit iicompetente, fie indirect n faa unei persoanesau n cadrul unei instituii numite de

autoritatea competent .

(3) Audierea copilului ar trebui s sedesf oare ntr-o manier adecvat vrstei imaturit ii acestuia.

Principle 3:37 Hearing of the child

(1) Subject to Principle 3:6, the competentauthority should hear the child in allproceedings concerning parentalresponsibilities but if it decides not to hearthe child it should give specific reasons.

(2) The hearing of the child should takeplace either directly before the competentauthority or indirectly before a person or bodyappointed by the competent authority.

(3) The child should be heard in a mannerappropriate to his or her age and maturity.

Principiul 3:38 Numirea unui reprezentantspecial al copilului

n cazul audierilor cu privire la autoritatea

Principle 3:38 Appointment of a specialrepresentative for the child

In proceedings concerning parental


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printeasc , n care fie exist un conflictputernic ntre interesele copilului i cele aletitularului autorit ii printe ti, fie bunstareacopilului este n pericol, autoritatea

competent ar trebui s numeasc unreprezentant special al copilului.

responsibilities in which there could either bea serious conflict of interests between thechild and the holders of parentalresponsibilities or in which

the welfare of the child is otherwise at risk,the competent authority should appoint aspecial representative for the child.

Principiul 3:39 Impunerea (executareasilit)

(1) n cazul n care apare o nerespectareintenionat , trebuie imediat emis o deciziedin partea autorit ii competente i a unuiacord privind exercitarea autorit ii printe ti.

(2) Se va evita impunerea (executarea silit )dac este n mod evident n contradicie cuinteresului superior al copilului.

Principle 3:39 Enforcement

(1) Failing voluntary compliance, a decisionby the competent authority and anenforceable agreement concerning parentalresponsibilities should be enforced withoutdelay.

(2) Enforcement should not take place if it ismanifestly contrary to the best interests ofthe child.

i Conform Noului Cod Civil, art. 400 i art. 496

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