curs1 final

7/21/2019 Curs1 Final

1/12

CURS 1MOBILIER DIN LEMN - TEHNOLOGIE

Chiar dac materialele moderne au generat o tendin de nlocuire a lemnului n

domeniul amenajrilor interioare, acesta i pstreaz locul de cinste n preferin ele

proprietarilor.

1.1 Structura lemnului

coaja, reprezint ! "in #o$%&%$ ar'ore$%i( $e&n%$ propri% ) zi*, +or&at "in ine$e an%a$e, concentrice, ce "i*par $a *pecii$e tropica$e(

o a$'%rn%$, e*%t $e&no* $a care ce$%$e$e n% *%nt co&p$et &'trnite."%ra&eni+icate/(

o "%ra&en%$, e*%t%ri "%ra&eni+icate, %&p$%te c% ce$%$e +i'roa*e ce &pie"ic

circ%$a ia *e#ei i &re*c rezi*ten a $e&n%$%i(

o &"%#a, e*%t%ri rare+iate, +r rezi*ten ( Ine$e$e an%a$e *%nt *trat%ri $e&noa*e +or&ate *%cce*i#, n

+iecare an, $a *pecii$e $e&noa*e "in zone$e te&perate i *%ntcon*tit%ite "in "o% zone "i*tincte0

$e&n%$ ti&p%ri%, &ai p% in "en*, poro*, "e*ci* $ac%$oare i +or&at n pri&a perioa" a *ezon%$%i#e2etati#( $e&n%$ trzi%, &ai "en*, co&pact, &ai nci* $ac%$oare, +or&at n a "o%a perioa" a *ezon%$%i#e2etati# acti#3

Specii$e $e&noa*e $a care *e "i*tin2 'ine ce$e "o%zone *e n%&e*c 4$e&ne #r2ate5 i *%nt apreciate $a+a'ricarea +%rnir%ri$or e*tetice3

Figura 1.2.Sec i%ne tran*#er*a$ printr-%n ar'ore

1.2. Caracteristici generale

$e&n%$ con*tit%ie 66! *%'*tan e or2anice, care +ac ca $a 117 C s devin instabil, la200C combustibil iar la 300 C ia foc fr acra;

co&pozi ia ci&ic a $e&n%$%i #ariaz n +%nc ie "e *pecie, zon 2eo2ra+ic i #r*t( poate +i "i*tr%* "in ca%za *%'*tan e$or or2anice, &icroor2ani*&e i in*ecte ."ac n% e*te

protejat/ n &a8i&%& 17 ani( cantitatea &are "e ap in+$%en eaz propriet i$e &ecanice i "%ra'i$itatea( *tr%ct%ra n% e*te o&o2en ci +i'roa*a, propriet i$e &ecanice +iin" $e2ate "e %n2i%$ "intre

+i'r i +or a &ecanic( e8i*t "o% e*en e "e 'az0

o +oioa*e, c% co&pactitate i rezi*ten a &ecanic &are, +r%nze cztoare( o r inoa*e, c% capacitate i rezi*ten a &ecanic &ic, +r%nze necztoare(

Specii$e "e $e&n &a*i# pot +io Tari0 - +oioa*e .+a2, *tejar, +ra*in a$'/, - r inoa*e .pin/o Moi0 - +oioa*e .tei, anin, p$op, *a$cie/, - r inoa*e .'ra", &o$i"/

Se "e'iteaz "in +a'rici *%' +or& "e cere*tea prin 2rinzi, ri2$e, "%$api, *cn"%ri i ipci3

Figura 1.1. Seciunetransversal printr-un

arbore
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Wood_Fraxinus_excelsior.jpg


2/12

1.3. Specii lemnoase folosite la fabricarea mobilei

1.3.1. Specii indigene:

R inoasele a% capacitate i rezi*ten &ai &ic3 Le&n % or, prezint "e+or&a ii &ini&e, *ta'i$itate $a a'*or ia apei3 Dintre *pecii$e +rec#ent %ti$izate *e a&inte*c0

Bradul.c%$oare a$' ) 2$'%i, +r $%ci%, c% ine$e an%a$e #izi'i$e3/, Molidul.a$' ) 2$'%i,*$a' #r2at/ Pin silvestru ."%ra&en ro iatic - 'r%n, a$'%rn $at, a$' ro iatic, ine$e an%a$e 'ine #izi'i$e/ etc3,

9oioa*e$e0 $e&n 2re%, "%ritate &are3 :rezint co&pactitate i rezi*ten &ecanic &are3 ;'*or' apa i *e %*%c % or3 Dintre *pecii$e +rec#ent %ti$izate *e a&inte*c0 Cire ul ."%ra&en 'r%n ro cat, a$'%rn ro iatic, ine$e an%a$e #izi'i$e, te8t%r &ij$ocie/, Fagul.a$' ) ro iatic/, Nucul.'r%n nci* c% "%n2i ne2ricioa*e, te8t%r +in c% "e*ene +r%&oa*e/,Stejarul.'r%n ) 2$'%i, te8t%r %ni+or& "ar a*pr, c% "e*ene +r%&oa*e/, eiul.$e&n +r"%ra&en, a$' 2$'%i, te8t%ra +in, +r "e*ene caracteri*tice/, !r ar , Mesteac"n, Frasin,Salc#m, $lm, M"r, P"r, Castan nobiletc3


3/12

+emnul de mango e*te %n $e&n e8tre& "e "%r i "en*, +iin" e8ce$ent pentr% pie*e "e &o'i$ier"ac e*te n prea$a'i$ tratat i %*cat n c%ptoare *pecia$e3 Ca rez%$tat a"i iona$ a$ ace*t%i proce*, $e&n%$ "e &an2o e*te capa'i$ * i &en in "i#er*e$e ton%ri *i n%an e, o+erin" &o'i$ei po*i'i$itatea "e a a+i a o #aria ie "e c%$ori ) "e $a &aro nci* $a 2a$'en "e*ci* ) , *pre "eo*e'ire "e a$te +e$%ri "e $e&n3 M%$t &ai &%$t, tin" $e&n%$ n "i+erite "irec ii i &o"%ri i tratn"%-$ c% "i+erite %$ei%ri, *%nt "ez#$%ite te8t%ri a*e&ntoare $e&n%$%i "e &aon, *tejar, tec *i a$e a$tor tip%ri3

Figura 1.,3 Man2oBambusul e*te p$ant care cre*te ce$ &ai repe"e "in $%&e, +iin"%-i % or *a crea*c pn $a

@7 "e centi&etri pe zi, &%$ %&it *i*te&%$%i %nic "epen"ent "e rizo&i3 E8i*t nre2i*trri %i&itoare$e2ate "e rata &a8i& "e cre tere a 'a&'%*%$%i i an%&e 1A1 centi&etri pe ora 3C% toate ace*tea, rata *a "e cre tere e*te in+$%en at i "e ctre *o$ *i c$i&a3


4/12

E8i*t %r&toare$e tip%ri "e +%rnire0 blindul .1-=, &&/, furnire estetice .7,-1 &&/,microfurnirul.pn $a 7, &&/, lamelinul.o' in%t prin *ec ionarea %nor pacete "e +oi "e e*en e in+erioare nc$eiate3

Placajule*te %n *e&i+a'ricat "in $e&n .+oaie/,co&p%* "intr-%n n%&r i&par "e +oi "e +%rnir,aezate a*t+e$ ca "irecia +i're$or $e&noa*e

.$on2it%"ina$ i tran*#er*a$/ * a$terneze( E*te+o$o*it n in"%*tria &o'i$ei, a a&'a$aje$or, aa&'arcai%ni$or etc3


5/12

Reunirea

Con*tit%irea %nor co&p$e8e, *%'an*a&'$%ri *a% an*a&'$%ri prin 2r%parea &ai &%$tore$e&ente co&p$e8e3 .Opera ii *peci+ice0 a2ra+are, cap*are, +%rnir%ire, &'inare, nn"ire, nceiere,&a*i#%ire, &ontare3/

1.,.2. Scule a c&ietoare i ma ini unelte specifice prelucr"rii lemnului

:re$%crarea $e&n%$%i *e poate +ace artizana$ *a% in"%*tria$3Prelucrarea arti0anal"e*te ap$icat, "e re2%$, cn" a#e& "e a +ace c% pro"%*e "e *erie

&ic i teno$o2ii tra"i iona$e3

Prelucrarea industrial"a $e&n%$%i *e ap$ic, "e re2%$, cn" *eria "e pre$%crare e*te &arei %ti$aje$e *%nt per+ec ionate3 :entr% pre$%crarea $e&n%$%i *e %ti$izeaz o 2a& #ariat "e &a ini

%ne$te care pot +i 2r%pate "%p opera ia pe care o e8ec%t n %r&toare$e cate2orii0

Ma ini pentr% tiat , pentr% opera ii "e "e'itare, ti#ire, +a*onare, "in cate2oria +er*traie$orcirc%$are *a% c% 'an".pan2$ic/3 In +i2%ra 131A3 *%nt prezentate %n +er*tr% circ%$ar, %n+er*tr% c% 'an" i "eta$ii pri#in" a#an*%$ pentr% pre$%crarea c% +er*tr%$ circ%$ar .c%"i*c/ re*pecti# por i%ne "intr-o 'an" "e tiere c% "i*p%nerea "in i$or a cietori3

Figura 1.113 ;te$ier artizana$ "e t&p$rie c%*c%$e *peci+ice .rin"ea, +er*traie, ra pi$e,

ciocane i "$ i pentr% $e&n, &a in "e 2%rit &an%a$, pre*e - &en2ine- *i&p$e etc3/

Figura 1.123 9er*tr% circ%$ar, +er*tr% c%'an" i "eta$ii pri#in" a#an*%$ pentr% pre$%crareac% +er*tr%$ circ%$ar .c% "i*c/ re*pecti# por i%ne"intr-o 'an" "e tiere c% "i*p%nerea "in i$ora cietori


6/12

Figura 1.1,3 Ma in#ertica$ "e 2%rit(

'%r2i% pentr% $e&nFigura 1.1-3 arianta2re it i cea corect

pentr% rea$izareaori+ici$or n $e&n3

Ma ini pentr% rin"e$%it , pentr% opera ii "e n"reptare,rin"e$%ire pe o +a *a% &ai &%$te3


7/12

C% ite$e pentr% *tr%njit n $e&n *%nt "e &ai&%$te tip%ri .c% ite pentr% a#an* $on2it%"ina$,

pentr% a#an* tran*#er*a$, c% ite pentr% cane$%ri i pentr% retezat, c% ite a'$on etc3/

Ma ini "e $e+%it , n care opera ia *e e8ec%t+ie c% ci$in"rii, +ie c% 'an" *a% "i*c3 39RE;RE, 3 9ORM;TI;REKS:INTEC;RE3

Ma ini a2re2ate , care e8ec%ttoate opera ii$e pentr% con*tit%irea %n%i*%'an*a&'$%3

:re*e pentr% $e&n *trati+icat,pentr% $e&n &a*i#, pentr% c%r'are,pentr% &%$are etc3

Figura 1.153 Ma in %ni#er*a$ "e t&p$rie c% opera ii

1.-. !samblarea componentelor de mobilier

1.-.1. !sambl"ri fi%eReprezint 2r%parea %nor co&ponente ntr-%n tot %nitar, c% pie*e inter&e"iare *a% no"%ri

con*tr%cti#e "in $e&n, &ontate prin nc$eiere c% a"ezi#i, $a rece *a% $a ca$", prin teno$o2ii "i#er*e3Tip%ri$e principa$e *%nt c%0

Cep ap$icat .cep%$ poate +i rot%n", rot%n" pro+i$at *a% ptrat/( Cep i *co'it%r ( :an ap$icat, a"ic o pie* "in $e&n "e *ec i%ne "rept%n2i%$ar, tri%n2i%$ar, n coa" "e

rn"%nic etc3( La&' i %$%c .n%t i +e"er/3 La&'a reprezint %n e$e&ent ie it, c% "i&en*i%nea i&portant

$on2it%"ina$3 :oate +i +i8 *a% ap$icat, caz n care poate +i a ezat $on2it%"ina$ *a% tran*#er*a$+a "e $a&e$e3 U$%c%$ reprezint *co'it%ra i poate a#ea "i+erite *ec i%ni

9a$ i %$%c, %ti$izate &ai a$e* $a nceieri$e n T( Tiet%ri ."repte, o'$ice, n tri%n2i etc3/( Din i3 %ti$iza i &ai a$e* $a nceieri$e pe co$ , ace tia p%tn" +i "rep i *a% n coa" "e rn"%nic,

*trp%n i *a% a*c%n i3

13@31313


8/12

La a$e2erea tip%$%i "e &'inare *e ine cont n principa$ "e &ateria$, rezi*ten a nece*ar i e*tetica a*a&'$rii3

Se c%no*c &ai &%$te c$a*i+icri "%p(o :ozi ia e$e&ente$or .n co$ , n T, n cr%ce/ o 9or& .c% cep ap$icat, c% pan ap$icat, c% cep i *co'it%r, c% tiet%r/

3

1.-.2. !sambl"ri demontabile

S%nt ntre'%in ate +rec#ent n &o'i$ier%$ &o"ern &%$ti+%nc iona$3 :ro"%*e$e rea$izate a*t+e$ inc$%" opera ii *%p$i&entare "e e8ec% ie i &re*c pre %$ "e co*t i e8i2en a3

E8i*t n principa$ %r&toare$e tip%ri "e a*a&'$ri "e&onta'i$e0 !sambl"ri cu uruburi pentru lemn

9i$et%$ tronconic +i8eaz "o% pie*e "in $e&n prin n %r%'are i *trn2ere3 ;8%$ %r%'%$%i *e 2*e te tran*#er*a$ pe +i'ra $e&n%$%i, .+i2%ra 13A1/3 Figura 1.213 :rin"erea c% %r%' a "o% '%c i "e $e&n

!sambl"ri cu uruburi mecanice

%r%'%ri$e &ecanice pot +i %ti$izate $a a*a&'$area a %nor '%c i .repere, *%'an*a&'$%ri/ "in $e&n *a% $a a*a&'$ri $e&n ) &ateria$ &eta$ic +ero* *a% ne+ero*, $e&n ) p$a*tic, $e&n ) *tic$ etc3

;*a&'$ri$e +rec#ent %ti$izate *%nt ce$e c% %r%'%ri o'i n%ite, c% cap rot%n", e8a2ona$, c% na* pentr% +i8are, etc3, $a care *e a"a%2 ai' pi%$i *i a$te pie*e a%8i$iare3


9/12

!sambl"ri cu pre0oane sau tifturi , cn" +i$et%$ *e a+$ $a a&'e$e capete *a% pe toat$%n2i&ea tijei

!sambl"ri cu uruburi autofiletante7 care i creeaz *in2%re +i$et%$ !sambl"ri prin

clipsuri3;ce*te a*a&'$ri *%nt

nt$nite c% prec"ere $aa*a&'$area repere$or $e&n )&ateria$ &eta$ic, n *pecia$ne+ero* .$e&n ) a$%&ini% etc/3


10/12

rezi*ten *$a' i n% per&it "e&ontri3 3 *%nt prezentate cte#a #ariante "e a*a&'$are a $e&n%$%i prin c%ie3 Figura 1.2*.C%ie, a*a&'$area $e&n%$%i prin c%ie

uruburile , *%nt "e +oarte &%$te +e$%ri,"intre care *e pot a&inti0 uruburi pentru lemn

+i2%ra 13A .c% cap circ%$ar *e&irot%n",necat, *e&inecat, c% cap ptrat i c% cape8a2ona$3/, uruburi mecanice .c% ai' *i

pi%$i , cap%$ %r%'%$%i p%tn" +i circ%$ar, e8a2ona$, cre*tat, etc3 ) +i2%ra 13A@/, uruburicu buc e .%n"e %r%'%$ *e *trn2e n +i$et%$interior a$ %nei '%c e +i8ate n $e&n ) +i2%ra13AA/, uruburi autofiletante , etc3


11/12

o Lc%irea ) pe$ic%$ "e $ac pe 'az "e %$ei *a% e$ac .+i2%ra 13A/*pirt *a% e&ai$%ri*o$#en i

Figura 1.23 Shellac !Astra"

1./.2. Finisarea opac"

Se +o$o*e te $a *%pra+e e c% ca$it i e*tetice in+erioare, acoperin" *tr%ct%ra &ateria$%$%i $e&no* c% $ac%ri pi2&entate, #op*e$e pe 'az "e %$ei, etc3 :roce*%$ teno$o2ic i&p$ic %r&toare$eopera ii0

C%r ire ci&ic( $e+%ire 'r%t .pentr% "e*ci"erea pori$or/( Gr%n"%irea, rea$izat &an%a$ *a% &ecanic pentr% a"eren a %r&toare$or *trat%ri( Cit%irea( op*irea in "o% *trat%ri, e#ent%a$ c% %n $ac inco$or pentr% $%ci%3

9nforma ii suplimentare c% pri#ire $a0

- Ma iniK%ti$aje ) pre$%crare $e&n(- Sc%$e K or2ane "e a*a&'$are ) $e&n(- Teno$o2ii "e pre$%crare i a*a&'$are $e&n(- :ro"%*e $e&n pentr% interior K e8terior .Bait, $ac, n%an ator, #op*ea, protec ie-tratare $e&n/( - S+at%ri ) *ecrete ) $e&n(- Co$oran i pentr% $e&n(- Tip%ri "e #op*e$e(- C%& protej& *%pra+e e$e "in $e&n(- Di+eren e "intre parcet%$ $a&inat i ce$ *trati+icat( - :rotejarea t&p$riei prin 'i %ire etc3

Se pot o' ine acce*n" cite-%ri$e "e $a 4Re+erin e5

>,,@,P,,6,17,11,1A,1=,1>,1,1@,1P,1,16,A7,A1,AA

Re+erinte13 :ro+3"r3ar3 Cri*tian D%&itre*c% ) 5Mo'i$ier ) teno$o2ieQ ) C%r*A3 Rea"erQ* Di2e*t 4o to "o a'o%t ;ntin25, Lon"on, A77P=3 S;:; ) Man%a$ "e "e*i2n ) S%cce* c% pro+i$e "e a$%&ini%>3 3piatra*i$e&n3roK*+at%ri*ecreteKi&'inare .a%tor -Danie$ Mor$o#a/3 3"ani'r%&3ro@3 3'i+a&*3ro

P3 3*c%$e$e&n3ro3 3centr%$"e%ti$aje3ro63 3#ici&pe83ro173 3+ata"e-#enti$ate3ro113 3ipe&a3ro1A3 3&r'rico$a2e,ro1=3 3$o&i$%83ro1>3 3+a$?3ro13 3ca*a&ea3ro1@3 3ca*a$i+e-ro&ania3ro1P3 3&-interior-"ecoration3a'$o23ro

13 3?arina$e&n3roKpro"=3pp163 3+a%8pane$*3co&Kinc$%"e*c$o*e%p*3333-=76@@C-A73 3"e"e&an3roKroKp$aci-p+$-"%r-=&&KC-A--77Kpro"%*3t&$
http://www.piatrasilemn.ro/sfaturi_secrete/imbinarehttp://www.piatrasilemn.ro/http://www.danibrum.ro/http://www.bifams.ro/http://www.sculelemn.ro/http://www.centruldeutilaje.ro/http://www.vichimpex.ro/http://www.fatade-ventilate.ro/http://www.ipema.ro/http://www.lomilux.ro/http://www.falk.ro/http://www.casamea.ro/http://www.casalife-romania.ro/http://www.my-interior-decoration.ablog.ro/http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0PDoS8ONU1N9x0AmTejzbkF/SIG=11m50s3d8/EXP=1296934286/**http%3A/www.karinalemn.ro/prod3.phphttp://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0PDoS.xOU1Ncx4A6FajzbkF/SIG=12nm298j7/EXP=1296935473/**http%3A/www.fauxpanels.com/includes/closeups.php%3Fmodel=EP-30966C-Whttp://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0PDoS5pPU1N.0kAPT.jzbkF/SIG=12m5sa760/EXP=1296936425/**http%3A/www.dedeman.ro/ro/placi-pfl-dur-3mm/C-28-85-800/produs.htmlhttp://www.piatrasilemn.ro/sfaturi_secrete/imbinarehttp://www.piatrasilemn.ro/http://www.danibrum.ro/http://www.bifams.ro/http://www.sculelemn.ro/http://www.centruldeutilaje.ro/http://www.vichimpex.ro/http://www.fatade-ventilate.ro/http://www.ipema.ro/http://www.lomilux.ro/http://www.falk.ro/http://www.casamea.ro/http://www.casalife-romania.ro/http://www.my-interior-decoration.ablog.ro/http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0PDoS8ONU1N9x0AmTejzbkF/SIG=11m50s3d8/EXP=1296934286/**http%3A/www.karinalemn.ro/prod3.phphttp://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0PDoS.xOU1Ncx4A6FajzbkF/SIG=12nm298j7/EXP=1296935473/**http%3A/www.fauxpanels.com/includes/closeups.php%3Fmodel=EP-30966C-Whttp://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0PDoS5pPU1N.0kAPT.jzbkF/SIG=12m5sa760/EXP=1296936425/**http%3A/www.dedeman.ro/ro/placi-pfl-dur-3mm/C-28-85-800/produs.html


12/12

A13 ttp0KK3*&arttoo$*3roKor2ane-"e-a*a&'$are-=K*%r%'%ri-pentr%-$e&n-Ko$*%r%'-pentr%-$e&n-*a%-pa$cap-inecat-*e&i-o#a$-A1

AA3 3pi$ana3co&
http://www.smarttools.ro/organe-de-asamblare-3/suruburi-pentru-lemn-5/holsurub-pentru-lemn-sau-palcap-inecat-semi-oval-21http://www.smarttools.ro/organe-de-asamblare-3/suruburi-pentru-lemn-5/holsurub-pentru-lemn-sau-palcap-inecat-semi-oval-21http://www.pilana.com/http://www.smarttools.ro/organe-de-asamblare-3/suruburi-pentru-lemn-5/holsurub-pentru-lemn-sau-palcap-inecat-semi-oval-21http://www.smarttools.ro/organe-de-asamblare-3/suruburi-pentru-lemn-5/holsurub-pentru-lemn-sau-palcap-inecat-semi-oval-21http://www.pilana.com/

curs1 final

Documents