caiet seminar discurs european i.2 2014 (2)

Caiet de seminar DISCURS EUROPEAN

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PRACTICI DISCURSIVE. DISCURS EUROPEAN

Caiet de seminar

MA, I

Lect. univ. dr. Mihaela Culea

2014


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CAPITOLUL 1. CTRE O IDENTITATE CULTURAL COMUN ? UNIUNEA EUROPEAN: INSTITUII, VALORI, SIMBOLURI.

PRELIMINARII

1. Notai cinci cuvinte (oameni/concepte/locuri/evenimente) care v vin

in minte atunci cnd auzii sintagma Uniunea Europeana (UE).

2. Rspundei la urmtoarele ntrebri i motivai rspunsurile:

1. La intrebarea De unde esti? Raspusul meu este a. sunt romn, b.

sunt european, c. altul, d. ambele

2. Mndria mea este c a. sunt romn, b. sunt european.

3. Ca urmare a aderrii la UE la data de 1 ianuarie 2007 Romnia a. a

beneficiat de...; b. a avut parte de numeroase dezavantaje/probleme...

4. Personal, ca urmare a aderrii Romniei la UE am avut parte de a.

beneficii cum ar fi; b. dezavantaje cum ar fi.c. nici una, nici alta.

5. Cei apropiai au fost afectati de noul statut al Romniei .............

6. Atunci cnd cltoresc vorbesc despre Romnia in urmatorii termeni

7. Atunci cnd cineva denigreaz Romnia ii spun ca

8. Cea mai mare realizare a UE pn acum a fost

9. Ce mai mare provocare cu care se confrunta UE este...

10. Cel mai mare eec al UE pn acum a fost

3. Studiai cu atenie harta Europei. Analizai experimentul realizat pe un

grup de studeni americani in legtura cu localizarea statelor pe harta

Europei.1 Ce concluzii putei trage?

4. Avnd in vedere obiectivul UE semnalat prin motto-ul sau Unitate in

diversitate, impreuna cu ideile lui V. Havel sau cu faptul ca o

componenta esentiala a identitatii culturale o constituie istoria comuna

sau existenta unui tazaur de memorii comune credeti ca putem vorbi

despre o identitate culturala europeana? mprtesc popoarele

europene o identitate culturala comuna? O vor putea face in viitor?

5. Avnd in vedere ultimele evenimente din sfera economica sau politica

europeana, ce imagine a Europei previzionati?

6. Considerati ca exista un decalaj intre teoriile si practicile la nivelul UE i

a discursului su instituional in ceea ce privete diverse aspecte ale

1 Disponibil la http://www.buzzfeed.com/summeranne/americans-try-to-place-european-countries-on-a-map.


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vietii? Discutati ideile si temele principale care pot fi desprinse din

interviul Euronews Worldview acordat de Presedintele Comisiei

Europene, J.M. Barroso.2

7. Care credeti ca este cea mai mare problema cu care se confrunta UE la

momentul actual?

8. Considerati ca putem vorbi despre opozitia centru periferie la nivelul

UE? Motivai rspunsul.

9. Ziarele europene scriu adesea despre criza finaciara din unele tari

europene cat si despre cea care poate afecta Europa in anii urmatori.

Vizionati documentarul BBC The Great Euro Crash (2012).3 Care este

legatura dintre ceea ce semnaleaza filmul si viziunea unei uniuni care sa

manifeste mai multa putere si mai multa adeziune?

10. Studiati arhiva programului Cest a lEurope?! difuzat de TV 5 Monde.

Programul dezbate chestiuni legate de tineretul european, aspecte de

gen, cetatenie europeana, emigrare etc. Vizionati una dintre aceste

emisiuni pe o tema la alegere; expuneti ideile principale si argumentati

daca sunteti de acord sau nu cu ideile expuse.

11. Studiati parerile unor cetateni romani intervievati de revista Formula As

in cadrul anchetei De ce a pleca din Romnia? De ce am rmas.4

Extrageti parerile pro si contra cu privire la tema abordata (fenomenul

emigrii in contextul contemporan). Care tip de argumente vi se par

solide si care nu? Sunteti de aceeasi parere cu cei intervievati? ncercai

s gsii rspunsuri similare sau diferite oferite de cei apropiai.

12. Considerai c resursele electronice oferite de site-ul official al UE

(http://europa.eu/index_ro.htm) ar ajuta/ajut n procesul educaional?

Consultai Colul copiilor (http://europa.eu/kids-corner/index_ro.htm)

i Spaiul profesorului (http://europa.eu/teachers-

corner/index_ro.htm).

2Disponibil la http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xifPWIhaviI. 3https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dyNekAJ6rA8. 4 Vezi http://www.formula-as.ro/2012/1010/asul-de-inima-45/de-ce-as-pleca-din-romania-de-ce-am-ramas-14840, http://www.formula-as.ro/2012/1005/ancheta-72/trei-scriitori-doua-intrebari-de-ce-as-pleca-din-romania-de-ce-raman-14712, http://www.formula-as.ro/2012/1006/ancheta-72/au-cuvantul-studentii-de-ce-as-pleca-din-romania-de-ce-raman-14748, accesat la 3 noiembrie 2012.


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CAP. 2

METAFORA CONCEPTUAL I DISCURSUL EUROPEAN

1. Dintre domeniile surs des utilizate n mass-media pentru domeniul

int UE menionm: un EDIFICIU, O MAIN, O CREATUR, UN CORP

UMAN, O CLTORIE, O GRDIN, UN CMP DE LUPT, UN CLUB.

Utiliznd domeniul int UE, cutai expresii metaforice recurente n

mass-media care descriu un anumit domeniu surs, de exemplu UE este

o FAMILIE. Identificai i analizai scenariile/mini-naraiunile

desfurate de aceast cartare.

Ex. UE este o FAMILIE vedeti exemplul de la exercitiul 6

2. Pentru grupa LEPC Analizai expresiile metaforice din extrasele din

ziare de mai jos i identificai metafora conceptual pe care o

actualizeaz.

I. (1) Is the FrancoGerman couple really the heart of the European Union, as

[Chirac] said during the [election] campaign, or are Britains Conservatives

right to imagine they have found a fellow-sceptic to flirt with? (The Guardian, 18

May 1995)

(2) [] every time, over the past decade, that a new president or prime minister

has taken over in France, he briefly [] flirts with the Euro-sceptical British,

only to fall back in relief on the old liaison with Germany (The Economist, 5

December 1998).

(3) An adviser to Chirac says the FrancoGerman marriage remains

fundamental to French European policy; many Germans agree. So long as they

stick to the marriage metaphor, this makes Tony Blair either lover or mistress.

Thats a good reason for abandoning the metaphor, not the threesome. (The

Guardian, 19 February 2004)

(4) The reality behind the will-theywont-they, pre-nuptial dances among

aspirant members of Europes monetary union club is that as long as the []

economic slowdown doesnt turn into a full-blown recession the project will

probably go ahead. (The Guardian, 27 January 1996)

(5) The economic marriage that the eleven partners are about to embark upon

would have needed a longer engagement period. This was not to be. Lets hope

this marrying in haste does not lead to regrets at leisure. (The Economist, 8

February 1999)


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(6) In the long gestation of Europes Economic and Monetary Union

conceived in Maastricht 1991, to be delivered in Frankfurt 1999it suddenly

seems likely this week that the anxious parents, Germany and France, are

expecting a soft baby euro. (The Guardian, 30 May 1997)

(7) While Europeans from 11 other countries celebrated the birth of a single

European currency, an ICM poll found Brits unmoved by the euros launch [].

(The Economist, 9 January 1999)

II. (1) [] how Western Europes grown-up democracies treat the foundling-

states appearing on their eastern doorstep. (The Economist, 7 December 1991)

(2) Britains European Union partners yesterday feted the new governments

return to Brussels with a warmth which would not have disgraced the biblical

welcome accorded to the prodigal son. (The Guardian, 6 May 1997)

(3) Slovakia remains the problem child of the European family. (Die Welt, 13

March 1998)

(4) One may well describe the relationship between Germany and France as

fraternal, but there is no doubt who in this family regards himself as the bigger

brother with older rights. Over decades the government in Bonn has supported

this feeling in Paris, and with good reason. (Sddeutsche Zeitung, 5 May 1998)

(5) In Europe-as-family the Commission played the role of mama, the great

dispenser of favours. Plainly the southern Europeans saw little wrong with a

Commission that created networks of allegiance []. (The Guardian, 17 March

1999)

(6) Greece, the currency union's greatest problem child, has failed to push

through necessary reforms. (Spiegel Online International, August 8, 2012)5

(7)"Everyone has to leave Mom at some point and that time has come for the

Greeks." (ibidem)

(8) After a year of unprecedented strife, Greece, the bad boy of Europe,

deserves sympathy more than censure says the Today presenter. (The

Telegraph, 12 February 2013)6

5 http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/ten-politicians-who-worsen-the-euro-crisis-with-aggressive-rhetoric-a-848762.html 6 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/greece/8998359/Proud-but-powerless-the-Greece-that-I-love.html


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III. (1) The Governments hopes of a prolonged honeymoon in Europe were

dashed last night as the Chancellor, Gordon Brown, fought a losing battle against

exclusion from the new single currency policy-setting group. (The Guardian, 2

December 1997)

(2) Labours honeymoon with the EU appeared to have come to an abrupt end

after a day of sharp exchanges between Mr Blair and President Chirac []. (The

Daily Telegraph, 13 December 1997)

(3) Labours honeymoon with Europe was under strain last night after France

and Germany demanded an end to Britains and other countries veto on

European tax decisions. (The Times, 2 December 1998)

3. Cutai texte media din presa scris sau vizual francez i identificai

domeniile surs pentru domeniul int FRANA (FRANA este...) n

raport cu activitatea, politicile i rolurile sale ca membr UE. Discutai

factorii istorici, sociali, politici etc. care au dus la apariia acestei MC,

identificai participanii i efectele produse.

4. Cutai texte media din presa scris sau vizual englezeasc i

identificai domeniile surs pentru domeniul int MAREA BRITANIE

(MAREA BRITANIE este.../BRITANICII sunt ...) n raport cu activitatea,

politicile i rolurile sale ca membr UE. Discutai factorii istorici, sociali,

politici etc. care au dus la apariia acestei MC, identificai participanii i

efectele produse.

5. Cutai texte media din presa scris sau vizual romneasc i

identificai domeniile surs pentru domeniul int ROMNIA (ROMNIA

este...) sau ROMNII sunt n contextul european actual. Discutai

factorii istorici, sociali, politici etc. care au dus la apariia acestei MC,

identificai participanii i efectele produse.

6. Cutai texte media din presa scris sau vizual din rile europene

(Italia, Spania, Frana, Marea Britanie) i identificai domeniile surs

pentru domeniul int ROMNIA (ROMNIA este...) sau ROMNII sunt

n contextul european actual. Analizai metafora conceptual actualizat

de aceste expresii metaforice.


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Ex.

Romnia este copilul srac al Europei

Contextul problemei/background: descriei factorii istorici, social, politici etc.

care au dus la apariia acestei MC (perioada comunista etc.). Contextualizarea

problemei i identificarea participanilor.

Identificarea metaforei conceptuale (MC) i a expresiilor metaforice care o actualizeaz (structura mintal, domenii conceptuale) Cartarea: Setul de corespondene care unesc cele dou domenii; cmpuri

semantice comune care permit identificarea metaforic.

Scenariul dezvoltat Romnia este doar un copil al familiei UE, relaii de

subordonare, protecie ; relaiile cu prinii, cu ali copii ; dificulti, proiecte,

stadiul de dezvoltare etc.

Effecte reacii publice la aceast conceptualizare ; reacii n mass-media ;

reacii personale, sentimente.

7. Pentru grupa LEPC n multe ziare europene domeniul int GRECIA a

fost intens abordat. Analizai expresiile metaforice din extrasele din


actualizeaz. Discutai factorii istorici, sociali, politici etc. care au dus la

apariia acestei MC, identificai participanii i efectele produse.

(1) With contagion spreading across Southern Europe, spreads on 10-year Greek

bonds exploded to almost 600 basis points over German Bunds in panic trading,

pushing borrowing costs close to 9pc. Rates on two-year debt rose to 10.6pc in

a market gone mad. (The Telegraph, 22 April 2010)7

(2) Germanys ruling coalition is still sending mixed messages. The finance

spokesman for Germanys Free Democrats, Frank Schffler, told Handelsblatt on

Thursday that Greece should voluntarily step outside the eurozone if it cannot

comply with austerity demands. Any other way is frankly a placebo to calm the

markets, he said. (ibid.)

(3) Suki Mann, of Societe Generale, said such a move (debt restructuring in

Greece) would be a major headache for Portugal, Spain and Ireland. (ibid.)

7 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financialcrisis/7621289/Escalating-Greek-default-fears-rock-Europes-debt-markets.html


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(4) European leaders continue to believe that Greece will accept new economic

reforms and austerity measures, despite growing evidence that the population

is nearing breaking point. (The Guardian, 20 June 2011)8

(5) He said he was quitting because the measures agreed by the coalition were

painful for working people in Greece. (The Guardian, 9 February 2012)9

(1) Over the past few days it has been painfully evident that Greeces coalition

government was having real trouble securing agreement on the deal but it has

now been told to cut some more. Berlin wants a full pound of flesh. (The

Guardian, 10 February 2012)10

(2) In Greece, by killing off growth ensures that the countrys debt problem cannot

be cured. (The Guardian, 10 February 2012)11

(3) Greek officials say the shock therapy now being administered to Greece after

almost two years of savage spending cuts has dramatically hindered any

attempt to improve its economic position. (The Guardian, 15 February 2012)12

(4) "They want sound figures in the economy but with dead citizens, said another

insider, saying the austerity Greece was being forced to mete out in return for

aid was coming perilously close to killing the patient. (The Guardian, 15

February 2012)13

(5) (...) the actions taken by the European Central Bank over the past couple of

months have been sufficient to ensure no contagion effects from Greece to the

other debt-stricken eurozone members and, just as importantly, to the fragile

European banking system. (The Guardian, 10 February 2012)14

(6) In Greece, every time we try to heal a little wound another one comes along.

(The Guardian, 15 February 2012)15

(7) But the package is dependent on Greece implementing further austerity

measures, whose unpopularity is underlined by the painful negotiations

8 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2011/jun/20/greece-bailout-impasse-europe-stockmarket 9 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/feb/09/eurozone-crisis-live-greek-bailout-deal 10 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/economics-blog/2012/feb/10/european-debt-crisis-germany-against-greece?intcmp=239 11 - http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/economics-blog/2012/feb/10/european-debt-crisis-germany-against-greece?intcmp=239 12 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/feb/15/greek-german-hostility-eurozone-crisis 13 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/feb/15/greek-german-hostility-eurozone-crisis 14 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/economics-blog/2012/feb/10/european-debt-crisis-germany-against-greece?intcmp=239 15 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/feb/15/greek-german-hostility-eurozone-crisis


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between Papademoss coalition government in the days leading up to the crisis,

and the regular protests on the streets of Athens. (The Guardian, 21 February

2012)16

(8) But Greeces economic agony will go on. (The Guardian, 27 November 2012)17

(9) (...) a lack of confidence that the effort to resurrect the Greek economy will

bear fruit or that three years of European bailout policy was working. (The

Guardian, 27 November 2012)18

(10) Tax evasion is endemic in Greece, making it more difficult for the

government to shore up its finances under its 240bn international bailout.

(The Telegraph, 24 December 2012)19

(11) Austerity policies imposed by the bailed-out countrys international

lenders to shore up public finances have taken a toll on the battered economy,

which was shrinking at an annualised rate of nearly 7pc in the third quarter.

(The Telegraph, 10 January 2013)20

8. Pentru grupa LEPC n multe ziare europene domeniul int GRECIA a

fost intens abordat. Analizai expresiile metaforice din extrasele din


actualizeaz acest tip de discurs jurnalistic. Discutai factorii istorici,

sociali, politici etc. care au dus la apariia acestei MC, identificai

participanii i efectele produse.

(1) Hostility levels have reached maximum as savage austerity measures

threaten to bring Greece to its knees. (The Guardian, 15 February 2012)21

(2) (...) on Wednesday it was clear relations between Europes paymaster and

its most indebted state had reached a new level of hostility. (The Guardian, 15

February 2012)22

16 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/feb/21/eurozone-reaches-second-greece-bailout-deal 17 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/economics-blog/2012/nov/27/greek-bailout-deal-should-work-for-now 18 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/nov/27/eu-imf-greek-debt 19 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financialcrisis/9764757/Greece-not-doing-enough-to-fight-tax-dodgers-say-EU-and-IMF.html 20 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financialcrisis/9793154/Greek-youth-unemployment-edges-toward-60pc.html 21 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/feb/15/greek-german-hostility-eurozone-crisis, accessed May 5, 2012. 22 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/feb/15/greek-german-hostility-eurozone-crisis


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(3) City economists believe fresh funding could be rushed forward for Greece if

Papandreou is defeated. (The Guardian, 20 June 2011)23

(4) If there was any doubt that the gloves were off it was removed by

Evangelos Venizelos, the Greek finance minister early in the day. Our country,

he said, is waging a battle of survival within the eurozone. (The Guardian, 15

February 2012)24

(5) (...) international lenders were determined to force the Greek people into

concentration camp conditions." (The Guardian, 9 February 2012)25

(6) This is very good news conservative leader Antonis Samaras, who messiah-

like, emerged from last nights marathon talks saying that he had "fought"

throughout the negotiations for pensions to be dropped from the draconian

package of austerity measures. (The Guardian, 9 February 2012)26

(7) "Greece will pay its debts back, if you let us. But not with a German knife

held to our throats." (The Telegraph, 11 February 2012)27

(8) (...) give Greece the aid it needs, so long as it has met its minimum

requirements. Otherwise, he warned, Europe would face a big potential

explosion ". (The Guardian, 9 February 2012)28

9. Cutai tipuri de metafore conceptuale i n alte tipuri de text sau de

discurs care abordeaz tematica european (discurs religios, poetic,

vizual, economic, politic etc.). Discutai factorii istorici, sociali, politici

etc. care au dus la apariia acestei MC, identificai participanii i efectele

produse.

23 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2011/jun/20/greece-bailout-impasse-europe-stockmarket 24 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/feb/15/greek-german-hostility-eurozone-crisis 25 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/feb/09/eurozone-crisis-live-greek-bailout-deal 26 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/feb/09/eurozone-crisis-live-greek-bailout-deal 27 Disponibile la http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financialcrisis/9076124/Greece-will-pay-its-debts-back-if-you-let-us.-But-not-with-a-German-knife-held-to-our-throats.html 28 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/feb/09/eurozone-crisis-live-greek-bailout-deal


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CAP. 3

REPREZENTRI STEREOTIPE N DISCURSUL EUROPEAN

1. Analizai stereotipurile difuzate de emisiunea Big Fat Gipsy Weddings produs

de Channel 4.29

2. Discutai contextul, cauzele i efectele stereotipurilor etnice prezentate in

desenele sau benzile desenate din ziare sau prezentate de posterele greceti

aprute in contextul recentei crize financiare.30 Cteva exemple sunt:

3. Alegei un discurs politic al unui lider politic european i analizai funciile

retorice i efectele stereotipurilor in discursul politic.

4. Pentru grupa LEPC - Printai urmtoarele pagini de manual care abordeaz

problema stereotipurilor naionale i rezolvai subiectele propuse pentru

discuie:http://www.eoilangreo.net/ana/ni2/exercises/national_stereotypes.p

df.

5. Analizai discursul umoristic in glumele cu tem naional care sunt vehiculate

in spaiul european (in orice limba cunoatei). Care este impactul acestor

reprezentri stereotipe ale caracterului naional la nivelul rilor vizate sau la

nivel european?

6. Alegei un volum din seria The Xenophobes Guide (Ghidul xenofobului - englezii,

olandezii, italienii etc., Bucureti, Nemira, 2010/2011) i extragei trsturile

29 Disponibila la http://www.channel4.com/programmes/big-fat-gypsy-weddings/episode-guide. 30 Exemple disponibile la http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2054406/Furious-Greeks-lampoon-German-overlords-Nazis-picture-Merkel-dressed-SS-guard.html, accesat la 11 ianuarie 2013.


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dominante asociate cu un anumit grup etnic. Care sunt efectele acestei

reprezentri? Considerai c abordarea subiectului duce la intrirea

sentimentelor xenofobe i de discriminare sau la respingerea acestora?

7. Pntru grupa LEPC studiai proiectul interactiv lansat de cotidianul britanic

Guardian in anul 2012 cu privire la Stereotipurile europene.31 Analizai dialogul

stereotipurilor europene pentru fiecare ar in parte: What Europe said... and

What France/Germany/Poland/Italy/Spain replied... Facei referire la categoriile

de aspecte stereotipizate (de ex. limba, atitudini, credine, aspect fizic etc.). Care

sunt efectele acestui dialog jurnalistic?

8. Analizai stereotipurile referitoare la diferenele de sex transmise de o serie de

reclame televizate sau aprute in presa scris (romneti/englezei/franuzeti

etc.) Ce idei stereotipe sunt transmise i ce caracteristici sau roluri le sunt

atribuite celor dou sexe in aceste reclame?32

9. Pentru grupa LEPC - in cazul comunicrii vizuale, stereotipurile constituie

instrumente care faciliteaz transmiterea mesajelor intr-o manier mai clar,

mai simpl i mai expresiv. Se consider c impactul stereotipurilor vizuale

este mult mai puternic dect in cazul celor lingvistice. Analizai temele,

marcatorii si efectele stereotipurilor etnice transmise de filmele animate, de ex.

Manga Axis Powers Hetalia.33

10. Analizai utilizarea i impactul prejudecilor, clieelor i stereotipurilor etnice

n filme. Discutai un film la alegere sau abordai conflictul dintre culturi

(englez, arab i francez) bazat pe reprezentri stereotipe in I Love Prigord

regizat de Charles Nemes (2011) sau Aicha regizat de Yamina Benguigui

(2011).34

11. Stereotipurile etnice apar i n crile de benzi desenate, cum ar fi Asterix i

Obelix.35 Primele benzi desenate au fost create in 1959 de ctre Ren Goscinny

si Albert Uderzo. Discutai temele, aspectele caricaturizate si impactul public al

31 Consultai http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/interactive/2012/jan/26/european-stereotypes-europa, accesat la 23 noiembrie 2012. 32 De ex. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2012/oct/14/sexist-stereotypes-front-pages-newspapers. 33http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Manga/AxisPowersHetalia?from=Main.AxisPowersHetalia. 34 Disponibil la http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDngRk5vImU, accesat la 23 aprilie 2013. 35 Vedeti si http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/oct/27/asterix-50th-birthday-france.


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stereotipurilor naionale vehiculate de benzile desenate sau de adaptarea lor

cinematografic.

12. Pentru grupa LEPC - Selectai i analizai temele europene actuale descrise in

desenele din colecia ziarului The Telegraph.36 Ce aspecte sunt reprezentate in

mod stereotip i care sunt tehnicile folosite? Care sunt cauzele si efectele?

13. Identificai si discutai temele politice reprezentate in desenele din coleciile

unor ziare europene (2012).37 Analizai rolurile discursive ale metaforelor

conceptuale actualizate de aceste reprezentri vizuale. Indicai legtura dintre

folosirea stereotipurilor i domeniile conceptuale.

14. Discutai i explicai stereotipurile naionale transmise de opera de art

Entropa creat de David Cerny.38 Considerai c diferitele reprezentri

naionale reflect imparialitate sau obiectivitate?

15. Pentru grupa LEPC - Discutai reprezentrile stereotipe nfiate ntr-un

episod al emisiunii auto Top Gear (realizat de BBC).39 De exemplu,

stereotipurile la adresa australienilor (Australia vs. England

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b94mPaCd1B8), mexicanilor

(http://juliorvarela.com/2011/02/02/the-bbcs-top-gear-and-mexican-

stereotypes/), sau romnilor

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQf_hkLKkSc). Discutai contextul,

partcipanii, disputele cauzate, gradul n care stereotipurile reflect realitatea.

36 Colecie disponibil la http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/cartoon/archive/. 37 Cteva exemple la http://www.businessinsider.com/bi-cartoons-of-the-week-2012-2?op=1 and http://www.businessinsider.com/cartoons-the-situation-in-greece-and-syria-2012-6?op=1#ixzz1zbFipSp6. 38 Selectie de imagini disponibila la http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2009/jan/14/entropa-eu-art-hoax#/?picture=341741461&index=4. 39 http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006mj59/episodes/guide#b01bmpsx.


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CAP. 4

FENOMENUL EMIGRRII N SPAIUL EUROPEAN ACTUAL

1. Fenomenul de oc cultural reprezint experiena de tranziie de la o cultur la

alta i sentimentele de dezorientare sau nelinite pe care le poate simi

persoana implicat.40 n cartea The Psychology of Culture Shock (2001), autorii

Colleen Ward, Stephen Bochner i Adrian Furnham prezint aspectele eseniale

legate de acest fenomen i efectele sale pentru grupuri diferite. Discutai

apectele specifice ocului cultural n cazul emigranilor - abordate n cap. 9

(cauze, simptome, soluii).

2. Cultura manifest trei straturi: nivelul material, social i simbolic.

A. Descriei cteva elemente specifice pentru aceste trei niveluri cu privire la

cultura romn.

B. n ce mod au fost acestea afectate de fenomenul emigrrii ? Dar cele ale rii

gazd (Mare Britanie, Italia, Spania etc.) ?

3. Identificai i analizai marcatorii care reprezint trsturile definitorii ale

identitii romneti in cazul emigranilor romni in ri europene

analizai cazul unor romni cu profesii diferite, cum ar fi: cpunarii,

ngrijitoarele de copii/bonele, menajerele dar i profesii ca: avocat,

profesor, om de afaceri etc. Alegei un anumit canal media:

3.1. Documentare41

3.2. tiri TV

3.3. Articole de ziar

3.4. Comentarii de pe forumuri de discuii sau social media.

4. Ziarele europene abordeaz fenomenul emigrii destul de frecvent. Selectai i

studiai o serie de articole din ziare europene i descriei termenii n care este

40 Consultai http://agem-ethnomedizin.de/download/cu29_2-3_2006_S_142-146_Repr_Oberg.pdf. 41 Sugestii: Country File, BBC1, Fruit Pickers, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFuFezJaFnU&playnext=1&list=PL8DE1C0C675626A52&feature=results_video, or the Migrant Stories series: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQe0QB3el7M, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqOfK9TiOIY, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sq79woSCS0A, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAWfVTKaUmU&list=PLCC32EF6F32EB5059.


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prezentat acest fenomen, context, participani, cauze, efecte, etc.42 Alegeti

extrasele asociate unei anumte situatii.

5. Silvio Berlusconi a folosit teme ca identitatea etnic sau securitatea naional n

campania sa electoral pentru preedinia Italiei in anul 2008. Analizai

contextul campaniei, instrumentele folosite, temele recurente i efectele

acesteia n sfera public italian i/sau european). Exemple:

42 Sugestii: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2026723/Gypsies-immigration-officers-home-Proms.html;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2065454/Curb-Romanian-Bulgarian-migrants-lifted-years--Europe-insists-to.html; http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2001782/Romanian-migrants-send-home-500-000-day-UK.html; http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1345072/Fears-influx-immigrants-UK-Romanian-president-threatens-freeze-border-security-improvements.html; http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/immigration/9291493/Theresa-May-well-stop-migrants-if-euro-collapses.html; http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/jobs/9051418/British-bosses-hire-thousands-of-Romanians-as-UK-jobless-soars.html; http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/immigration/8527950/Romanian-families-use-Big-Issue-loophole.html ; http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/romanian-immigrants-were-left-in-trauma-14342492.html?action=Popup&ino=4; http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/feedarticle/10210288; http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/gallery/2010/aug/20/roma-france; http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/mar/16/nicolas-sarkozy-illegal-immigration-eu; http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/4276482/Immigrants-flood-capital-ahead-of-Olympics.html; http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/bulgarian-and-romanian-immigrants-overwhelm-german-system-a-832027.html; http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/village-in-romania-makes-exodus-to-troubled-berlin-neighborhood-a-825933.html; http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/unwanted-in-france-unloved-in-romania-a-desperate-homecoming-for-deported-roma-a-714649.html.


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6. n 2007, grupul radical Forza Nuova din Italia a rspndit afie n spaii publice

din Italia, atacnd grupurile de imigrani i, n mod particular, populaia de

origine rom. Analizai mijloacele stilistice i discursive utilizate pentru a

transmite mesajul ntr-un mod ct mai sugestiv. Exemple:

7. Mediatizarea excesiv a delictelor svrite de imigranii romni din Italia au

amplificat adesea aversiunea fa de populaia de origine romn. Studiai cazul

Mailat din anul 2007 care a dus la identificarea romnilor cu ideea de

criminalitate. Cum a fost construit disursul mediatic i ce impact a avut acesta

n spaiul european?43

43 Consultati si http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/nov/02/italy.international, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7858012.stm, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-491301/Brutal-sex-attack-forces-Italy-make-laws-kicking-EU-migrants.html for details.


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8. Pentru grupa LEPC - In 2011, o alt infraciune a cauzat un val de aversiune fa

de imigranii romni din Marea Britanie.44 Ce arat acest caz cu privire la

percepia despre romni aa cum este prezentat de presa britanica? Analizai

modul n care sunt nelese i prezentate conceptele romn rom

(Romanian/Romani) n presa britanic.

9. Prejudecile i discriminarea ori sentimentul de respingere simite de

emigrani n general sunt mai puin abordate de mass-media european. Gsii

articole de ziar care denun acest fapt i discutai puntul de vedere sau

mesajul transmis n raport cu gradul de obiectivitate al emitorului, legile sau

reglementrile la care face apel etc.45

10. Pentru grupa LEPC Citii urmtoarele articole de ziar legate de fenomenul

imigrrii n Marea Britanie. Discutai aspectele similare i cele diferite, poziia

i atitudinea fiecrui jurnalist i impactul acestor opinii asupra prerilor dvs.

Government finally admits: Immigration is placing huge strain on Britain

(by James Slack)

Immigrants are placing a huge strain on public services, Labour finally

admitted. Crime is up, schools are struggling to cope with Eastern European

children, community tensions are rising, health services are coming under

enormous pressure and house prices are being driven up, the Government said.

The findings, based on a survey of public sector workers, are the first published

by ministers after ten years of an open door immigration policy.

Immigration Minister Liam Byrne said it was clear communities were

unsettled and a new balance should be struck between the needs of the

economy and society in general.

The report, to be presented to the Governments new Migration Impacts Forum

today, fails to put a figure on the full cost to society of mass immigration

which is increasing the population by 200,000 every year.

A Home Office study found that migrants helped to grow the economy by 6 billion

last year. But experts said this did not mean they had boosted GDP per head, a

crucial measure. (Daily Mail, October 17, 2007)46

44http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2026723/Gypsies-immigration-officers-home-Proms.html, http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/immigration-officer-returns-home-to-find-147986. 45De exemplu http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2007/sep/26/immigrationandasylum. 46 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-488005/Government-finally-admits-Immigration-IS-placing-huge-strain-Britain.html


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Migrants are a boon to UK economy, says study (by Alan Travis, home

affairs editor)

Migrants are more skilled and often more reliable and hardworking than

British workers, and are fuelling the countrys economic growth to the tune of

6bn a year, according to the first official study of their impact published

yesterday.

The report for the governments Migration Impact Forum also concludes that

migrants on average earn more and so pay more tax than UK workers.

The joint Treasury, Home Office and Work and Pensions study says that the

arrival of hundreds of thousands of Polish and other east European workers

has had no discernible impact on unemployment and has led to only a

modest dampening of wage growth for British workers at the bottom end of

the earnings league. The first regional soundings by the government also

published today show that in seven out of eight regions in England migration

has caused pressure on housing and five out of eight regions report difficulties

on crime and education. However, the overwhelmingly positive official verdict

of the economic and fiscal impact of the largest wave of migration to Britain in

recent years is bound to prove highly controversial. (TheGuardian, October 17,

2007)47

11. Pentru grupa LEPC - Romnii care studiaz sau lucreaz n Marea Britanie i-au

exprimat adesea nemulumirea fa de reprezentrile mediatice negative la

adresa lor. Lorina, o student de origine romn care studiaz n Marea

Britanie a postat pe Facebook scrisoarea intitulat Open Letter to Everyone that

Hates Romanians at the Moment48 in ianuarie 2014. Citii scrisoarea i extragei

ideile principale (temeri, insatisfacii, cauze, argumente pro-imigrare etc.)

12. Pentru grupa LFPC Vizionai emisiunea Cest a lEurope?! produs de TV 5

Monde. De exemplu, extragei ideile cu tematic european din episodul difuzat

la data de 22 februarie 2014.49 Urmrii episoadele scheciulul Les Feux de

lEurope inclus in emisiune i analizai aspectele stereotipe i reprezentarea

fenomenului migraiei n mod satiric.

47 http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2007/oct/17/immigrationandasylum.business. 48 www.facebook.com/groups/romaniansinuk/permalink/10152266920137573/ . 49 Disponibil la http://www.tv5.org/cms/chaine-francophone/Revoir-nos-emissions/C-est-ca-l-Europe-/Episodes/p-27548-Circulez-Y-a-tout-a-voir....htm.


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13. Pentru grupa LEPC - Care sunt aspectele pe care le accentueaz istoricul

britanic Tessa Dunlop n interviul din mai 2013 cu privire la eliminarea

restriciilor de pe piaa muncii in Mare Britanie ncepnd cu anul 2014?50 Care

este contextul politic si economic al acestei chestiuni?

14. Pentru grupa LEPC Studiai Ancheta Eurobarometru din primvara anului

2013. Care sunt seciunile i temele principale ale documentului i ce arat

rezultatete statistice cu privire la aceste teme?51

15. Pentru grupa LEPC Studiai site-ul Uniunii Europene cu privire la politicile de

imigrare in spaiul european. Alegei i discutai un tip de document, politicile

la care face referire i mecanismele de implementare.52

16. Alctuii un chestionar cu referire la teme principale legate de fenomenul

emigrrii i aplicai-l pe un eantion de aprox. 15-20 respondeni (colegi, rude,

elevi). Prezentai i discutai rezultatele obinute n raport cu obiectivele

propuse.

CAP. 5

PROMOVAREA IDENTITII ROMNETI N EUROPA

1. Selectai i discutai cteva simboluri culturale romneti (oameni, locuri,

obiecte, credine etc.) i semnificaia acestora cu privire la pstrarea valorilor

culturale romneti.

2. Urmrii un episoad al documentarului Wild Carpathia (2011-2013)53, in care

Prinul Charles al Marii Britanii promoveaz natura i tezaurul cultural

romnesc. Cum i pstreaz comunitile prezentate identitatea cultural?

Care sunt ameninrile la adresa acesteia? Punctai cele mai importante aspecte

promovate de Prinul Charles.

3. n cea de a treia parte a documentarului, Wild Forever, Prinul Charles al Marii

Britanii susine ideea c tezaurul unic al culturii romneti ar putea fi pstrat

50 Disponibil la http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=homhnoMih0Y. 51 Disponibil la http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb79/eb79_en.htm. 52http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/immigration/integration/index_en.htm. 53Wild Carpathia series, produs de Travel Channel, http://www.travelchannel.co.uk/series-info.asp?ID=1535#.UnfbZdn8LIU.


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prin intermediul dezvoltrii durabile. Ce implic acest deziderat? Explicai i

discutai acest punct de vedere.54

4. Discutai modul n care fotograful american Kathleen Laraia McLughlin

promoveaz Romnia in albumul foto The Color of Hay. The Peasants of

Maramure (2011).55 Care sunt aspectele promovate?

5. Cum este vzut Romania turistic din Anglia? Discutai modul in care pagina

de cltorii administrat de cotidianul britanic The Guardian promoveaz

atraciile turistice romneti.56 Ce puncte tari sunt identificate i care sunt

aceste atracii turistice?

6. Discutai comparativ dou campanii de promovare a turismului din dou ri

europene. Marcai punctele tari dar i pe cele slabe in privina promovrii

identitii locale i/sau naionale.

7. Discutai o campanie de promovare a turismului romnesc sau reclame difuzate

de canale de televiziune din strintate.

8. Studiai informaiile de pe site-ul http://whydontyoucomeover.gandul.info/ i

grupai activitile care au facut parte din campania media lansat de

gandul.info. Britanicii au fost i ei impresionai de campania iniiat de ziarul

Gndul (a se vedea http://stirileprotv.ro/stiri/social/campania-gandul-a-facut-

impresie-buna-in-marea-britanie-ce-spun-jurnalistii-straini.html). Facei

referire la context, participani, implicarea media i implicarea publicului,

temele abordate (in mesajele postate pe Facebook de publicul romn),

relevana acestei campanii i posibile efecte (in ziare strine sau pe social

media).

9. Oferii exemple de campanii de denigrare a romnilor din presa francez. Facei

referire la context, participani, teme abordate, impact i efecte.

10. Pentru grupa LEPC - Studiai exemplul de comodificare identitar oferit de

Casa Regal Britanic cu ocazia organizrii Jubileului de Diamant al Reginei

54http://www.antena3.ro/en/world/such-beautiful-words-to-describe-our-country-uttered-by-prince-charles-romania-is-a-wonderful-country-with-remarkable-people-233257.html; fragmente la http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjZbBvByKlM. 55 A se vedea http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1949423456/transylvania-photo-book-of-europes-last-peasants, http://www.colorofhay.com/. 56 Consultati http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/romania+cultural-trips.


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Elisabeta a II-a (2012).57 Identificai cteva aspecte de comodificare cultural i

efectele acestui proces pentru identitatea britanic.

11. Reprezentani ai elitei intelectuale romneti contribuie/au contribuit la

transmiterea unei imagini pozitive despre Romnia n strintate. Adrian

Ionescu, profesor de Nanoelectronic la Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale din

Laussane, Elveia, a devenit faimos pentru proiectul tiinific Guardian Angels

(2012). Studiai informaia legat de acest proiect58, vizionai reclama acestui

proiect59 i discutai impactul exportului intelectual pentru reputaia Romniei

n Europa.

12. Romni obinuii au promovat Romnia prin intermediul calitilor deosebite

pe care le posed. Studiai exemplele oferite, cutai alte exemple i discutai

trsturile specifice identitii romneti demonstrate de aceste situaii.60

57 Site-ul oficial http://www.thediamondjubilee.org/; pentru aspecte teoretice consultati Jean Baudrillard, The System of Objects, London and New York, Verso, 2006 si Roberta Sassatelli, Consumer Culture. History, Theory and Politics, London and New York, Sage Publications, 2007. 58http://www.evz.ro/detalii/stiri/cercetator-roman-in-finala-celei-mai-importante-competitii-stiintifice-din-ue-1019724.html. 59http://www.ga-project.eu/. Vedei i rezultatele FET Flagship la http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/ict/programme/fet/flagship/. 60http://www.antena3.ro/externe/un-cersetor-roman-uimeste-norvegia-a-facut-curat-si-a-luat-cadouri-pentru-cei-care-l-au-lasat-singur-in-casa-116857.html, http://www.semneletimpului.ro/stirescurta/Romanii--entuziasmati-de-bebelusul-care-a-uimit-Anglia-6006.html, http://jurnalul.ro/stiri/observator/un-licean-roman-a-uimit-cercetatorii-din-sua-cu-aparatul-sau-care-ajuta-orbii-sa-vada-cu-ajutorul-limbii-613577.html.

caiet seminar discurs european i.2 2014 (2)

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