tugui lucian biologie.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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reditatea patologică la
om
TEMA
:
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Cauzele malforma iilor ț
1. anomalii cromozomiale
2. Prejudiciu intrauterină (de exemplu,
medicamente, radia ii, infec ii, de mediu,ț țetc)
3. Efectele asupra mediului pe embrionienetic predispusi
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!nomalii cromozomiale
" e ecul de cromozomi omoloi #n celuleleș
erminale pentru a separa unul de altul #ntimpul primul sau di$izare meiotică două
" Cromozomi sexuali sau autozomi
"Cromozom suplimentar% trisomie (2& sau&')
Cromozom !bsent% monosomia (22 sau &)
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isjunctie #n meioză
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" Cromozom Eliminarea% rupt bucata decromozom este pierdut de la celula
"*ranslocatie% +u a pierdut, doar pierdut iș
ata at la un alt cromozomș -eciproc% #ntre doi cromozomi
nonomoloous (nici o pierdere sau c/ tișde material enetic nici o pierdere de
celule) func ieiț
0n celulele erminale% materiale cromozomdeficit sau exces ziot anormal
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*ranslocatie #n ame iț
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!nomalii cromozomiale sexuale
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!nomalii autozomale
" Pierdere de material enetic% embriona$ortat
" Eliminarea enei% anomalii conenitale
" *risomia% sndromic, de exemplu 21, 1,13
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*risomia 21 (on)
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*21 cauze
1. +ondisjunctie timpul ametoenezei(45)
2. *ransloca ie (pu ini)ț ț
3. +ondisjunctie #n ziot (rar)
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*ranslocarea *21
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+ondisjunctia ziotilor *21
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6oli enetice anormale
" !nomalii enetice indi$iduale" 6oli ereditare transmise mai ales pe
autozomi, doar cate$a pe cromozomiisexuali.
" 7utatii enetice spontane" 8cimbări structurale minore pot duce la
anomalii func ionale majore (de exemplu,ț8C% 9b8!, codominant, 9b betaene)
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Copil *alidomide
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:nfectie prenatala
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7o tenirea multifactorialăș
" efectul combinat al mai multor ene careinteractioneaza cu aenti de mediu,
de exemplu. palatoscizis, malformatiicardiace, club picior, luxatie de sold, spinabifida, etc
" Cauză% sec$en ă de dez$oltare nu ajuneț
la un anumit punct, la o dată adec$ată(pra)
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ianosticul prenatal econenitale !nomalii
1. Examinarea celulelor fetale pentrucromozomiale, anomalii enetice sau
biocimice2. Examinarea de licid amniotic pentru
produsele secretate de făt
3. ;ltrasunete a fatului de a detectamalformatii (+*, idrocefalie, PC<,etc)
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ianosticul prenatal econenitale !nomalii
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Embriopatie diabetică
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iplazia
" tulburari de istoeneză, apar mai t/rziui oarecum independent de morfoenezeiș
" 7orfoeneza este prenatale,
istoeneză continuă postnatal #n toateesuturile care nu au fost supuseț
diferen iere endț" ilazia pot predispune la cancer
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8cleroza tuberoasa
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7alformatii
"7odificări secundare #n formă sau formaorane anterior formate #n mod normalsau păr i ale corpuluiț
" Cauzate de for ele extrinseci (deț
exemplu, sindromul Potter) sau defecteintrinseci (de exemplu,
8indromul a=inesia fetal cu artroripozăconenitale)
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>lioidramnios (Potter) sec$en ăț
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!rtrorposis
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8ec$en eț
" Consecin ele secundare de malforma ii,ț ț
#ntreruperi, displaziile, sau deformari
" e exemplu, adsplasia renală duce laPotter olioidramnios sec$en ăț
i?eore anomalie duce la tetanie,ipoparatiroidism, insuficienta cardiaca,conotruncal defect cardiace conenitale
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8indromul *reacer Collins(mandibulofacial dsostosis) !
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@eprecaunism(defect insulina obliatoriu) !-
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8indromul 9urler (7P8 1!) !-