Traducei textele de mai jos, la prima vedere, n limba engleza

Traducei textele de mai jos, la prima vedere, n limba engleza.

A. Pdurile tropicale "nghit" tot mai mult carbonPdurile din Africa stocheaz tot mai mult dioxid de carbon, dup exemplul celor din Amazon, relev un studiu internaional (Statele Unite, Africa, Asia) care va aprea mine n revista britanic Nature.O reea de 79 de laboratoare instalate n zece ri din Africa a descoperit, pentru perioada 1968-2007, c absorbia carbonului de ctre arborii acestor regiuni a crescut n proporii comparabile cu cele din pdurea amazonian, adic cu 0,6 tone pe an la hectar. Arborii capteaz carbonul prin fotosintez, l incorporeaz n materia lor organic i elimin oxigen, direct prin respiraie i indirect prin descompunerea frunzelor i a rdcinilor. Pdurile tropicale africane constituie un ecosistem important ce capteaz carbonul i sunt tot odat un depozit de carbon, reducnd astfel rata creterii CO2 din atmosfer, arat studiul, preciznd totodat c ele trebuie protejate. Cantitatea de carbon stocat anual variazde la cteva sute de kilograme la cteva tone pe hectar. Pdurile tropicale, ce acoper 7-10% din uscat, ar putea stoca, potrivit estimrilor, ntre 40 i 50% din dioxidul de carbon prezent n vegetaie. Ele sunt astfel un element crucial n ciclul carbonului, mai spun autorii. O specialist de la Institul de Cercetri Tropicale Smithonian, din Panama, Helene Muller-Landau, consider c absorbia dioxidului de carbon de ctre pdurile africane poate avea dou explicaii: fie ele au fost afectate de incendii n trecut, fie au fost perturbate de schimbrile climatice recente.

B. Renate Weber l face mincinos pe ministrul italian de InterneEurodeputata liberal l acuz pe ministrul de interne al Italiei, Roberto Maroni, de justificare mincinoas, cu privire la legea adoptat recent de Senatul italian prin intermediul creia medicii care trateaz imigrani ilegali sunt, practic, obligai s raporteze acest lucru organelor de poliie. "Cnd guvernul italian a iniiat aceast lege i a trimis-o ctre Senat spre adoptare, ministrul de interne, Roberto Maroni, a ncercat s justifice aciunea referindu-se la legislaii similare existente n alte ri, mai ales n Marea Britanie, Frana, Spania. n realitate, lucrurile stau exact pe dos, ceea ce nseamna c ministrul Maroni pur i simplu a minit", susine Renate Weber. Potrivit acesteia, n Marea Britanie, un doctor poate fi pus n situaia de a nclca obligaia de confidenalitate numai n mod excepional i numai atunci cnd exist probe serioase de comitere a unor crime violente de ctre pacient, mai ales cnd este vorba de folosirea armelor de foc. Eurodeputata PNL face referire i la Spania, unde legea care funcioneaz din anul 2000 prevede categoric c imigranii legali se bucur de aceleai drepturi ca i cetenii spanioli. n ceea ce-i privete pe imigranii ilegali, acetia au dreptul la asisten medical de urgen, iar obligaia de a denuna situaia de ilegalitate a imigranilor nu se aplic medicilor i paramedicilor. Dimpotriv, ei sunt obligai s respecte secretul profesional. O a treia ar invocat de Maroni este Frana. Weber explic faptul c au existat situaii n care poliia a ncercat s i determine pe doctori s ncalce angajamentul de confidenialitate. ns, doctrina legala i jurisprudena instanelor franceze au fost ntotdeauna mpotriva unei asemenea practici. n Germania este aceeai situaie. Medicii sunt inui categoric de obligaia de confidenialitate. Doar funcionarii civili au obligaia s raporteze poliiei atunci cnd afl despre imigrani ilegali, dar nu medicii. "Sper, prin urmare, ca cea de-a doua Camer a Parlamentului italian s i dea seama de ororile pe care este chemat s le legifereze i s respinga acest proiect", conchide Renate Weber.

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Argentina on the Danube? Europe is facing nightmarish problems in its east. With help from the West, meltdown can be avoided

If you mix East Asia from 1997 with Latin America in 2001, do you get eastern Europe in 2009? Already worried, financial markets are pricing in the likelihood that one or more of the ex-communist countries in the region will default on its debt. The biggest weakness lies in a financial system that has combined badly run local banks with loosely overseen subsidiaries of Western ones. During the boom years, this system gobbled up credit from abroad, leading to yawning current-account deficits. Both kinds of banks now have souring loan booksthe result of reckless lending, often in foreign currencies. Some local banks have failed; many of the foreign-owned ones now depend on their parents willingness to keep financing them - and those parents have plenty of problems at home. The Greek government has told its banks to draw back from their lending in the Balkans. Austrias lending to eastern Europe is equivalent to about 80% of its GDP.

If finance is the immediate worry, the global downturn is causing plenty of other problems. Exports of manufactured goods to western Europe have plummeted; remittances from migrant workers employed there will also surely fall. Ukraine, dependent on exports of steel and coal to Russia, seems to have abandoned the deal it struck with the IMF only three months ago as part of a $16.4 billion bail-out. Latvia, also rescued by the IMF, is expecting a 12% fall in GDP this year. The collapse in output is likely to be as big as Asias ten years agobut with a twist. The Asian countries recovered thanks to export-led growth. Now the whole world is in a mess. What can the governments do? In many places the policy levers look flimsy. Countries such as Poland and the Czech Republic have cut interest rates to help ease the painbut this has sent their currencies tumbling, increasing the agony for households that have mortgages in Swiss francs or euros. Some countries have an extra problem of big external government debts (in Hungarys case, the gross figure is near 100% of GDP). Even those that could perhaps afford to run a counter-cyclical policy to offset the effects of the downturn are squeezing public financesin part because they think that cutting deficits will help them reach the (presumed) safety of the euro zone.For four countriesthe three Baltic states plus Bulgariathe strong euro is a problem; they have pegged their currencies to it. As for help from abroad, the IMF can give instructions to individual countries, but it cannot run the whole region. The European Central Bank, which is not a lender of last resort even to banks in the euro zone, has been sniffy about lending to countries outside it. A very nasty recession is inevitable, but regional catastrophe is not. For the new EU members, there is also the prospect of help from the West. Their banking systems are far more intertwined than Asias wereand the foreign banks are less likely to walk away. The Baltic countries have been bolstered by a Swedish guarantee covering Swedish banks that operate there. Although the EU and the ECB may not want to get involved in bigger bail-outs, they will have to. Even the most short-sighted west European politician will surely not send his neighbours into economic and political anarchy.This is the most perilous period for east European countries since the collapse of the Soviet Union. People there are going to be a lot poorer and (justifiably) crosser. But it would take a bout of wilfully destructive protectionism and the demise of the EUs main institutions to turn that into disaster.