succesiunea testamentar_

8/11/2019 SUCCESIUNEA TESTAMENTAR_

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UNIVERSITATEA ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA

FACULTATEA DE DREPT

LUCRARE DE LICEN

COORDONATOR TIINIFIC:

Asist. Drd. Dan Constantin M

CANDIDAT:

Gr!"#s$ Dani#%a


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SUCCESIUNEA TESTAMENTAR

IAI

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UNIVERSITATEA ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA

FACULTATEA DE DREPT

)UCCE)IUNEA TE)TAMENTAR

COORDONATOR TIINIFIC:

Asist. Drd. Dan Constantin M

CANDIDAT:

Dani#%a Gr!"#s$

IAI

&'('

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CU*RIN)

INTRODUCERE.......................................................................................5CAPITOLUL I...........................................................................................7CONSIDERAII GENERALE ASUPRA SUCCESIUNII IN

DREPTUL ROMAN..................................................................................71. Apariia !""#i!$ii %$ &r#p'!( r)*a$.....................................................................+2. Tip!ri !""#i!$i. E,)(!i#..............................................................................1-3. Tra$*i'#r#a pa'ri*)$i!(!i !""#)ra(.................................................................13. Pri$"ipii(# /!$&a*#$'a(# a(# !""#i!$ii..............................................................10

a Pri$"ipi!( ")$'i$!i'ii p#r)a$#i /!$"'!(!i..................................................10 Pri$"ipi!( p)'ri,i' "r!ia $i*#$i $! p!'#a *!ri %$ par'#4 "! '#'a*#$' 5i %$par'#4 /ar '#'a*#$' 6$#*) pr) par'# '#'a'!4 pr) par'# i$'#'a'! "#r#p)'#'...................................................................................................................1+" Pri$"ipi!( #*#( 7#r# #*p#r 7#r# 6) &a' #r# p#$'r! ')'a!$a #r#...1+

CAPITOLUL II.......................................................................................18NOIUNEA DE TESTAMENT..............................................................18

1. D#/i$iia '#'a*#$'!(!i r)*a$..............................................................................182. F!$"i!$#a '#'a*#$'!(!i r)*a$..........................................................................19

CAPITOLUL III......................................................................................20CAPACITATEA TESTAMENTAR.......................................................20

1. Capa"i'a'#a '#'a')r!(!i.......................................................................................2-2. Capa"i'a'#a i$'i'!i'!(!i 6!""#)r!(!i...............................................................223. I$"apa"i'a'#a /ii"#i a:5i *)5'#$i 'a'(.............................................................2. Capa"i'a'#a *ar')ri()r.........................................................................................2;0. S"(a,!( *)5'#$i')r...............................................................................................28

;. Si'!aia p#r)a$#()r

3. T#'a*#$'!( %$ &r#p'!( i*p#ria(............................................................................39

a T#'a*#$'!( $!$"!pa'i,....................................................................................- T#'a*#$'!( 'ripar'i'.........................................................................................1


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" T#'a*#$'!( )()=ra/..........................................................................................2& T#'a*#$'!( p!(i"...........................................................................................2

. T#'a*#$'#(# #>'ra)r&i$ar#...................................................................................3a T#'a*#$'!( *i(i'ari()r.....................................................................................3

T#'a*#$'!( )r!(!i..........................................................................................;

" T#'a*#$'!( !r&):*!'!(!i...............................................................................;& T#'a*#$'!( a$a(/a#'!(!i................................................................................+# T#'a*#$'!( '#*p)r# p#'i ")$&i'!*..............................................................+/ T#'a*#$'!( r!ri ")$&i'!*................................................................................+= T#'a*#$'!( i$'#'a'i........................................................................................87 T#'a*#$'!( %$ /a,)ar#a i#ri"ii 5i a( i$'i'!ii()r i$#/a"#r#.....................8i T#'a*#$'!( #>"#pi)$a( a( /!$"i)$ari()r p!(i"i.............................................8


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INTRODUCERE

D)*#$i!( &r#p'!(!i !""#)ra(4 "! ')a'# " $! a !/#ri' *)&i/i"ri #*$i/i"a'i,# %$

!('i*#(# "#$ii4 pr#@i$' a@i !$ i$'#r# p)ri'. E( #'# '#r*i$a' @,)('ar#a pr)pri#'ii

pri,a'# 5i "r#5'#r#a p)ii(i'ii a"!*!(rii !$)r ,a()ri !'a$ia(# %$ pr)pri#'a'#a

par'i"!(ari()r4 iar 'ra$*i'#r#a ()r p#$'r! "a!@ *)ar'# =#$#r#a@ i$'#r## ")$'rar# 5i

&ip!'#4 a*p(i/i"a'# pr)p)ri)$a( "! i*p)r'a$a )i#"'!(!i &i,#r=#$#i.

Ma'#ria !""#i!$ii #'# pri,i' "a ) r#=(#*#$'ar# *#$i' ")$)(i@# !$ i'#*

%$'#*#ia' p# pr)pri#'a'#a pri,a'4 p#rp#'!#@# a"#a' /)r* pr)pri#'a'# 5i pri$

i$'#r*#&i!( #i4 #>p()a'ar#a "#()r (ipii *i

")$'r),#r#4 !5)r #>p(i"a'4 ")$' $! %$ #,)(!i!$#a4 "i %$ r#,)(!i!$#a )p#ra' %$ &r#p' (a

&i/#ri'# #p)"i *#*)rai(#4 pri$ $)!( ap#"'4 ! "ar# a! /)' pri,i'# (#=i(#.

L!"rar#a pr#@#$'a' rp!$ "#ri$#()r #,)"a'# pri$ ,)(!*!( a*p(! i$/)r*aii p#

"ar# %( )/#r4 r)& a( ,a'#i i(i)=ra/ii "#r"#'a'. S!""#i!$#a '#'a*#$'ar /ii$& ) par'#

i*p)r'a$' a &r#p'!(!i r)*a$4 a /)' pr#@#$'a' %$ /)ar'# *!('# 'ra'a'# 5i *a$!a(# "! "ara"'#r

=#$#ra( &ar 5i %$ (!"rri p#"ia(i'a'# &i$'r# "ar# "#a *ai i*p)r'a$' ")$ir* " #'#

(!"rar#a #*$a' Ni")(ai C)r)a$!4 Testamentul n dreptul roman4 193:1930.

D#)ar#"# *a'#ria !""#i!$ii %$ &r#p'!( r)*a$ #'# !$a #>'r#* ,a'4 a* pr#/#ra'

$# /)"a(i@* i$'#r#!( &)ar p# ) par'# a a"#'#ia4 &)ar p# !$a &i$'r# /)r*#(# *)5'#$irii4 5i

a$!*# !""#i!$#a '#'a*#$'ar4 a"#a'a /ii$& /)r*a "#a *ai !'i(i@a' (a r)*a$i4 pri$

i$'#r*#&i!( '#'a*#$'!(!i r#@)(,$&!:# $!*#r)a# pr)(#*#4 "a #>#*p(!B 'ai(ir#a !$#i

a('# )r&i$i pr#/#ri$ (a %*prir#a a,#rii4 $!*ir#a !$!i '!')r#4 @r)ir#a !$!i "(a,4

@*)5'#$ir#a !$#i p#r)a$# "ar# ar /i /)' "7#*a'# (a !""#i!$# #'". A'/#(4 %$ (!"rar#a

/a $#:a* pr)p! a)r&* &i$'r:) p#rp#"'i, )ri=i$a( !""#i!$#a '#'a*#$'ar %$

&r#p'!( r)*a$.

$ pri*!( "api')( i$'i'!(a' Consideraii generale asupra succesiunii n dreptul roman

a* /"!' ) a)r&ar# =#$#ra( a i$'i'!i#i !""#i!$ii "! ) pr#@#$'ar# a aparii#i4 /)r*#()r 5i a

pri$"ipii()r !""#i!$ii.

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$ "#( :a( &)i(#a "api')( $!*i' Noiunea de testamenta* %$"#r"a' =a#" !$a

&i$'r# "#(# *ai ")*p(#># /i$iii a(# '#'a*#$'!(!i 5i a* a$a(i@a' i*p)r'a$a '#'a*#$'!(!i4

*)'i,!( p#$'r! "ar# a"#'a a /)' /)()i' %$" &i$ p#ri)a&a r)*a$.

A( 'r#i(#a "api')( a /)' &i"a' "apa"i'aii '#'a*#$'ar#4 /ap' "ar# r#i## 5i &i$

$!*ir#a a"#'!ia Capacitatea testamentar.Mai #>a"'4 a* a)r&a' pri$"ipa(#(# /)r*# a(#

"apa"i'aii %*pr#!$ "! a$!*i'# "a@!ri p#"ia(# a(# a"#'#i *a'#rii4 "!* ar /i i'!aia

"(a,!(!i.

S'!&i!( a ")$'i$!a' "! "#( :a( pa'r!(#a "api')(4 a"#'a /ii$& 5i "#( *ai ,a' a( (!"rrii4

i$'i'!(a' !ormele "i e#ectele testamentului. $ "a&r!( a"#'!i "api')( a* ar'a' "ar# a! /)'

/)r*#(# '#'a*#$' "ar# :a! /)()i' %$ &i/#ri'#(# #'ap# a(# &r#p'!(!i r)*a$ 5i a* pr#@#$'a'

'#'a*#$'#(# #>'ra)r&i$ar# !'i(i@a'# %$ a"#a p#ri)a&.

Capi')(!( a( "i$"i(#a a( (!"rrii ar# 'i'(!( Coninutul testamentului5i 'ra'#a@ &!p "!*

p!$# 5i a"#'a ")$i$!'!( '#'a*#$'!(!i4 *ai #>a"' i$'i'!ir#a *)5'#$i')r4 ,)i$a

'#'a')r!(!i 5i !'i'!ii(# $erede"! ')a'# ap#"'#(# 5i /)r*#(# a"#')ra.

A,$& %$ ,#r# " %$ "##a "# pri,#5'# (i#r'a'#a a '#'a4 a"#a'a $! a /)' p(i$ "i a!

#>i'a' 5i a$!*i'# r#'ri"ii4 "#( :a( 5a#(#a "api')( i$'i'!(a'%estricii pri&ind li'ertatea dea

testaa /)' &i"a' ')"*ai a"#')r (i*i'# a(# (i#r'ii '#'a')r!(!i4 *)'i,a'# i$'#r##(#

a$!*i')r "a'#=)rii *)5'#$i')ri.

$ "api')(!( a( 5ap'#(#a !$' #>p!# "a@!ri(# %$ "ar# '#'a*#$'!( ,i$# i$#/i"a"#4

(ipi$& '#'a*#$'!( ')'a( #/#"'# a! ($&!:i a"#'!ia &)ar ) #/i"a"i'a'# paria(. A5a&ar %$

a"#' "api')( i$'i'!(a'(ne#icacitatea testamentuluia* i$"(! %*pr#


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CA*ITOLUL I

CON)IDERAII GENERALE A)U*RA)UCCE)IUNII IN DRE*TUL ROMAN

1. Apariia s!!"si#ii $# %r"p&' r()a#

Da' /ii$& " &r#p'!( pr)pri#'a'# #ra i$'i'!i' p#$'r! %*p(i$ir#a !$!i "!(' #r#&i'ar4 $!

#ra "! p!'i$ "a a"#' &r#p' # 'i$= &!p "!r'a #>i'#$' a !$!i i$&i,i&. O*!( *)ar#

"!('!( r*$# /)"!( a"r! $! 'r#!i# # 'i$= 5i $i"i *)r*$'!( $! 'r#!i# pri'. R#(i=ia

"a$i" ")$'i$!$&!:#4 &r#p'!( pr)pri#'a'# 'r#!i# ")$'i$!# )&a' "! #a. $ "r#&i$#(#

"a 5i %$ (#=i(# "#()r &i$ a$"7i'a'#4 &)! (!"r!ri !$' 'r$ (#=a'# %$'r# #(#B "!('!( !$#i /a*i(ii

5i pr)pri#'a'#a a"#'#i /a*i(ii. D# a"##a4 %$ &r#p'!( =r#"#" "a 5i %$ &r#p'!( r)*a$4 #>i' )

r#=!( /ar #>"#pi#4 5i a$!*# a"##a " $! # p!'#a &)$&i pr)pri#'a'#a /r "!(' 5i $i"i

"!('!( /r pr)pri#'a'#. R#(i=ia i*p!$#4 p!$# Ci"#r)4 "a !$!ri(# 5i "!('!( /i#"r#i /a*i(ii

/i# i$#parai(# 5i "a =ri


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P)ii(i'a'#a "a "i$#,a &ip!$ !$!ri(# a(# pri$'r:!$ a"' !('i* ,)i$ $i #

par# a@i !$ (!"r! /ir#"4 (a i$# %$#(# 5i "ar# $! ")*p)r' &i/i"!('i. N! a /)'

%$')'a!$a a5a. S!""#i!$#a '#'a*#$'ar a "!$)"!' ) a$!*i' #,)(!i# pr)pri# p)r$i$&

(a a$!*i'# #*$i/i"aii )r&i$ r#(i=i) 5i !$ ")$'r)( a( ")*!$i'ii =#$'i(i"# ai'a' i

a&r)=ai!$#a4 &enditio 'onorum4 &ar *)5'#$ir#a a /)' "#( *ai i*p)r'a$' *)&.

Pri,i' %$ (!*i$a #*$i/i"ai#i a(# i')ri"#4 !""#i!$#a $# apar# "a !$ i'#*

*ai a#a a"#(#ia5i /a*i(ii0.

$ ")$"#pia (!i ius ci&ile) $ereditas 6*)5'#$ir#a #*$#a@ $! $!*ai

!$i,#ra(i'a'#a !$!ri()r a( "r)r 'i'!(ar a /)' /!$"'!(4 &ar i &r#p'!( "#()r r*a5i a

!""# (a pa'ri*)$i!( /!$"'!(!i. D# a"##a

successio in uni&ersum ius -uod de#unctus $a'uerit6&)$&ir#a %$'r#=!(!i &r#p' p# "ar# (:a

a,!' /!$"'!(.

P#r)a$a "#&a'4 a( "r#i pa'ri*)$i! # 'ra$*i'# pri$ *)5'#$ir#4 # #*$#a@ "!

) #>pr#i# #(ip'i" ")$a"ra' &r#p'!( *)r$B de cuius 6a"#(a pr# a "r!i.... Ea

pr),i$# &i$ p#ri/ra@a de cuius successione agitur 6a"#(a pr# a "r!i *)5'#$ir# #'#

,)ra 5i a /)' pr#(!a' %$ /)r*a #i pr#"!r'a' de cuius "'r# &r#p'!( *)r$p#$'r! a:(

#*$ap# /!$"'4 p# "#&a';.

S!""#i!$#a %$#a*$ ")$'i$!ar#a !$#i i'!aii

p#r)a$. O a'/#( %$()"!ir# a !$#i p#r)a$# p)a'# a,#a ()" %$ %$'r#=!( ! pa'ri*)$i!4

")$'i'!i$& ) !""#i!$# "! 'i'(! !$i,#ra( a! $!*ai $'r:!$ rap)r'

Pr)pri#'a'#a $! :a p!'!' 'ra$*i'# 'i*p!ri!4 p#$'r! " # /"#a ")$/!@i# %$'r#

&r#p'!( pr)pri#'a'# 5i %$!5i (!"r!( (a "ar# #a # rap)r'a.

3R)*!(! H7i&r)4 A!r#(ia H7i&r)4 Vai(# Ni')r4(nstituii uridice romane) Tr=! L!54 E&i'!ra Ha(a>iaH!'#$#r=4 2--94 p. 119I)$ M.A$=7#(4/rept roman4 E&iia a:IV:a4 G!"!r#5'i4 E&i'!ra L!*i$a L#>4 2--24 p. 3;00

E*i( M)("!4 Da$ Oa$"#a4/rept roman4 E&iia a:III:a4 G!"!r#5'i4 Caa #&i'!r 5i pr# a$a S.R.L.419904 p. 132;Vai(# Va( P)pa4/rept pri&at roman4 C!r !$i,#ri'ar4 G!"!r#5'i4 E&i'!ra A(( G#"J4 2--4 p. 2;+

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La ")$"#pia !$#i !""#i!$i "ar# # p)a'# 'ra$*i'# :a a

p)ii(i'a'#a 'ra$*i'#r# a !$!i &r#p' a!pra (!"r!(!i a('!ia.

D#pr# a"#a' 'ra$*i'#r# ,)r#5'# 5i Hai! %$ "ar'#a a (nstituiunileB !$!ri(#

a"#(!ia a( "r!i *)5'#$i')r a* ,#$i' a! a(# a"#(!ia a "r!i 'onorum possessioa* pr#'i$:

)4 a! a(# a"#(!ia (a "ar# a* "!*pra' a! a(# a"#(!ia p# "ar# (:a* a&)p'a'4 a! a(# a"#(#ia

p# "ar# a* pri*i':) %$manus4 "a )i#4 'r#" %$ pa'ri*)$i!( $)'r!+.

Ma'#ria !""#i!$i()r "!pri$ ')'a(i'a'#a $)r*#()r "# r#=(#*#$'#a@ 'ra$*i'#r#a

pa'ri*)$i!(!i /!$"'!(!i "'r# !""#)rii i. R)*a$ii a! a

a&*i'#a! $i"i i#a 'ra$*i'#rii pr)pri#'ii %$'r# ,ii.

P)r$i$& (a i#a " $! #>i' pa'ri*)$i! /r 'i'!(ar4 ,#"7ii r)*a$i ")$ira! "

pa'ri*)$i! !$#i p#r)a$# &ipar# )&a' "! *)ar'#a a. $ a"#a #p)"4 rap)r'!ri(# &i$'r# )

p#r)a$ 5i pa'ri*)$i!( ! apr#a! "a ) (#='!r *a'#ria( %$'#*#ia' p# i#a p!'#r# "ar#

# 'i$=#a )&a' "! *)ar'#a 'i'!(ar!(!i pa'ri*)$i!(!i.

Ca a'ar#4 &)$&ir#a !$!ri()r /!$"'!(!i "'r# *)5'#$i')ri $! i*p(i"a i#a

'ra$*i'#r# a !$!i pa'ri*)$i!. $'r!"' &r#p'!( /!$"'!(!i # 'i$=#a )&a' "! p#r)$a(i'a'#a

a4 r)*a$ii ")$ira! " !""#)rii &)$" !$ &r#p' $)!4 !$ &r#p' pr)pri#'a'#:p!'#r#.

A5a&ar4 !""#i!$#a # %$'#*#ia@4 (a )ri=i$#4 $! p# 'ra$*i'#r#a !$!i pa'ri*)$i!4 "i

p# 'p$ir#a &)$&i' "'r# !""#)ri a!pra !$!ri()r /!$"'!(!i8.

S!""#i!$#a #'# i*p)r'a$' &i$ &)! p!$"'# ,#r#4 5i a$!*#B

: i$'#r#!( "r#&i')ri()r "ar# &)$" %$ p#r)a$a 7#r#(!i !$ $)! i')r4 a,$& *ai *!('#

5a$# a /i p('i'4 %$'r!"' a,#r#a !""#)r!(!i # a('!r "#(#i a /!$"'!(!i

: i$'#r#!( /!$"'!(!i K !$!ri(# ,$&!'# #ra! p# $!*#(# !. O&a' "! *)ar'#a a4 # 'i$=

!@!/r!"'!( 5i &a')rii(# "# r#@!(' &i$'r:!$ (i"'. La )ri=i$#4 !""#i!$#a $! #ra ) 'ra$*i'#r#4 "i ) &)$&ir# a pr)pri#'ii4 p!'#r#a

a!pra (!"r!ri()r /!$"'!(!i9.

+ Hai!) (nstituiunile 6&r#p'!(!i pri,a' r)*a$4 Tra&!"#r#4 '!&i! i$'r)&!"'i,4 $)'# 5i a&$)'ri A!r#( N.

P)p#"!4 G!"!r#5'i4 E&i'!ra A"a*i#i R#p!(i"ii S)"ia(i'# R)*$ia4 19824 p. 1+8'#/a$ C)")54 Dr#p' r)*a$4 E&iia a III:a4 G!"!r#5'i4 E&i'!ra U$i,#r!( !ri&i"4 2--04 p. 1;9('idem4 p. 1;;

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*. Tipri %" s!!"si#i. E+('i".

$ $#=!ra 'i*p!ri()r =#$'i(i"#4 a,#r#a ")(#"'i,i'ii # 'ra$*i'#a !""#)ri()r p# (i$i#

*a'#r$ %$ )#r,ar#a p!'#ri()r ")$/#ri'# *a'riar7a' /#*#i()r "# i$#a! "!('!( *i'#r#()r

5i )r=a$i@a! ")*!$a.

Pa'riar7a'!( a a&! "! i$# 5i ) *)&i/i"ar# )p'i" %$ pri,i$a 'ra$*ii!$i()r p#$'r!

"a!@ *)ar'# a !$!ri()r r*a# &!p "#i "#&ai. G!$!ri(# 'ri!ri()r ")$'i$!a! /i#

=#$#ra'# r#=#4 %$#(#pi 5i *arii pr#)i4 iar "#(# pri,a'#4 "# "'r# 5#/ii /a*i(i# rai1-.

R)*a$ii a! "!$)"!' 'r#i i'#*# 'ra$*i'#r# a !$!ri()r p#$'r! "a!@a *)ar'#B

*)5'#$ir#a a' intestato) mo"tenirea testamentar5i mo"tenirea de#erit contra testamentului.

C#a &i$ !r* /)r* *)5'#$ir# #'# 'r$ (#=a' *)5'#$ir#a '#'a*#$'ar.

S!""#i!$#a p)a'# /i '#'a*#$'ar4 "$& /!$"'!(4 pri$'r:!$ a"' !('i*a ,)i$'4

ara' "!* # %*par' a,#r#a p# "ar# ) p)#&4 a! (#=a(4 $!*i' 5i a' intestato11) "$&

pa'ri*)$i!( a"#'!ia4 %$ (ipa !$!i a'/#( a"' !('i* ,)i$4 # ,a %*pari %$ ")$/)r*i'a'#

"! (#=#a.

M)5'#$ir#a a' intestatoa apr!' )&a' "! 'p$ir#a i$&i,i&!a( a!pra !$)r !$!ri4

%$" %$ai$'# ")$'i'!ir#a /a*i(i#i pa'riar7a(#. M)5'#$ir#a a!pra a"#')r !$!ri r#,#$#a

=#$'i(i()r 6*#*ri()r =i$i()r. D#i=!r " a,#* %$ ,#r# !$ i'#* !""#)ra( %$ =#r*#$#4

%$'#*#ia' p# )i"#i!ri(# =#$'i(i"# a/(a'# %$ pr)"#

/!$"'!( $! a (a' !$ '#'a*#$'4 /i# p#$'r! " '#'a*#$'!( $! a /)' ,a(ai( %$')"*i'.

O&a' "! apariia /a*i(i#i pa'riar7a(#4 "$& ra'!( &)$'# ) p)@ii# &)*i$a$'

%$ /a*i(i#4 #>#r"i'$& ) p!'#r# $#(i*i'a' a!pra p#r)a$#()r 5i !$!ri()r ! p!'#r#a a4 a

apr!' 5i *)5'#$ir#a '#'a*#$'ar12.

A5a&ar4 $! a p!'!' apar# "%' )&a' "! /)r*a /a*i(i# pa'riar7a(4 ""i #( #'# a"'!(

pri$ "ar# 5#/!( /a*i(i# #>pri* ,)i$a a "! pri,ir# (a !$!ri(# a(# &!p *)ar'#.T#'a*#$'!( $! #'# "' ")$'i$!ar#a p!'#rii 5#/!(!i /a*i(i# &!p *)ar'#. Ca a'ar#4

'#'a*#$'!( i*p(i" a

&! (a %$()"!ir#a r!$i#i /a*i(i# %$ (i$i# /#*#$i$ pri$ r!$ia %$ (i$i# *a"!(i$.

1-

Va(#ri! M. Ci!") ecii de drept roman4 V)(. IV4 Ia5i4 E&i'!ra P)(ir)*4 2--14 p. 1-211A&i" /r '#'a*#$'12E*i( M)("!4 Da$ Oa$"#a4 op. cit.4 p. 13

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C7iar &i$ 'i*p!( L#=ii "#()r XII Ta(#4 "ar# r#=(#*#$'a ri=!r) !""#i!$#a (#=a(4

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/#( *$i'a'# "#'#$#a" "a "i$#,a *)ar ($& !$ '#'a*#$'.

R)*a$ii /)()#a!4 )i"#i4 '#'a*#$'!( p#$'r! "4 pri$ i$'#r*#&i!( a"#'!ia4 #

r#@)(,a! $!*#r)a# pr)(#*#. A'/#(4 # 'ai(#a %$ pri*!( r$&4 ) a(' )r&i$# pr#/#ri$ (a

%*parir#a a,#rii4 iar '#'a*#$'!(#r,#a "a !$ *i'! P)*p)$i! "i'a' ,#'i'!( C. A""aria a %$"#r"a'

*)$'r#@# " #>i' !$ a$'a=)$i* $a'!ra( %$'r# "#(# &)! /)r*# *)5'#$ir#4 a"r#&i'$&

i#a " ) !""#i!$# $! p)a'# /i 6%$ "7ip /ir#"4 $a'!ra( %*pari' a'' &!p r#=!(i(#

!""#i!$ii (#=a(#4 "' 5i &!p "#(# a(# *)5'#$irii '#'a*#$'ar# 65i a/ir*$&4 ')')&a'4 " )

,)"ai# 7#r#&i'ar *i$i*4 )r&i$ '#'a*#$'ar4 #'# ) ,)"ai# p#$'r! ')' %$ (ipa !""#)ri()r

(#=i'i*i r#@#r,a'ari #'# ) r#=!( p# "ar# &r#p'!( "i,i( *)r$ $! ) r#i$#10.

A5a&ar4 &!p "!* ara' 5i

p#r)a$4 pr#,&(nstituiunile (!i I!'i$ia$4 $! p!'#a &ip!$# pa'ri*)$i!( ! %$ par'# pri$

'#'a*#$' 5i %$ par'# ")$/)r* "! (#=#a 6Ne-ue enim idem e parte testatus) et e parte

intestatus decedere potest,.

13 C)$'. S'. T)*!(#"!4 anual de drept pri&at roman4 G!"!r#5'i4 Li')=ra/ia 5i Tip)=ra/ia $,*$'!(!i4

19084 p. 1;1I)$ M. A$=7#(4 op. cit.4 p. 3;810Va(#ri! M. Ci!"4 op. cit.4 p. 1-2

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R#=!(a # #>p(i" pri$ &)! ")$ir#$'#. M)5'#$ir#a (#=a( a,#a i$&i,i&!a(i'a'#a #i

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p)' $i"i ")*p(#'a4 $i"i ")*i$a. $ a( &)i(#a r$&4 '#'a*#$'!( p!'#a ")r#p!$ *ai i$#

i$'#r##()r pr)pri#'ari()r pri,ai "' r#=!(i(# *)5'#$irii (#=a(# 5i a"##a a,#a ) pr#"r#

a!pra a"#')ra &i$ !r*. A"#a' pr#"r# #'# pa$i!$#4 /)r*#(# # i*p(i/i" ')' *ai *!('4 a'/#( %$"' %$

/i$a(4 ")$'a'* " i*p(a *a$i/#'ar# ,)i$ #'# !/i"i#$' p#$'r! "(a$5ar#a !$)r

")$#"i$#

!$#i (#=i. $ #p)"a "(ai" %$4 ,#"7i!( pri$"ipi! #'# r'!r$a'4 a'/#( %$"' '#'a*#$'!( #

p)a'# /a"# pri$'r:) i*p( "(arai# )ra( a! "7iar pri$ "ri)ar#.

C' pri,#5'# "#a a &)!a '#$&i$a "# # pri$ &i$ #,)(!i# &r#p'!(!i !""#)ra(

r)*a$4 pr#"i@* " $i"i #a $! #'# 'ri$ 'ra$/)r*ri(# i$'#r,#$i'# %$ ,iaa #")$)*i" 5i

)"ia( a R)*#i 5i %$ p#"ia( "#(# p#'r#"!'# %$ *)&!( )r=a$i@ar# a( /a*i(i#i. A'/#(4 %$"a@!( "')ri#i /r manus) /#*#ia #'# 'ri$ a'' /a ra'4 "' 5i /a ")pii #i4 a5a

%$"' $! ,#$#a (a *)5'#$ir#a ()r. T)' a'/#(4 /i!( /a*i(i# #*a$"ipa' $!:5i p!'#a *)5'#$i

'a'(4 %$'r!"' %$"#'a *ai /i# r!& "i,i( "! #(.

P#$'r! a a""#$'!a ")$'ra&i"ia i,i' %$'r# pri$"ipii(# &r#p'!(!i !""#)ra( 5i *)&!(

)r=a$i@ar# a /a*i(i#i4 &r#p'!( pr#')ria$4 "a 5i &r#p'!( i*p#ria( a! i$'r)&! !$#(# r#=!(i $)i4

$a'!r )"r)'#a" r!(# $=#18.1;

V(a&i*ir a$=a4/rept pri&at roman4 G!"!r#5'i4 E&i'!ra Di&a"'i" 5i p#&a=)=i"4 19++4 p. 3131+S'#/a$ C)")54 op. cit.)p. 1;018E*i( M)("!4 Da$ Oa$"#a) op. cit.4 p. 13

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La "ap'!( !$#i %$(!$=a'# #,)(!ii4 %$ &r#p'!( (!i I!'i$ia$4 r!$ia $=# ,a

%$()"!i "! ')'!( a=$ai!$#a4 ,#$i$& !$i"!( '#*#i a( !""#i!$ii.

,. Tra#s)i&"r"a pa&ri)(#i'i s!!"s(ra'

I#a 'ra$*i'#rii pa'ri*)$i!(!i 6a! a !$#i pri '#r*i$a'# &i$ pa'ri*)$i! pri$

'#'a*#$' a apr!' "a ) #>'#$i# a pa"'!(!i &)$ai#. C! a('# "!,i$'#4 &)$aia 6a"'

'ra$*ii!$ii mortis causaa !$!ri()r #'# !$ *)( "ar# p#r*i'# #'#r$i@ar#a 'p$irii

!$!ri()r a'/#( %$"' &!p *)ar'#a pr)pri#'ar!(!i4 $! # r#i*' &ipariia ')'a( a

pr#r)=a'i,#()r a(# pr#r)=a'i,#(# 'p$irii # 'ra$*i'4 $! &ipar p!r 5i i*p(!4 pr#"!*

!i#"'!( ()r a$'#ri)r "ar# a "#&a' 6de#unctus,. Pa'ri*)$i!( # 'ra$*i'#4 $! pi#r#.

S!""#)r!( ar# ,)"ai# (a %$'r#=!( pa'ri*)$i! 'ra$*i pri$ '#'a*#$'4 $! &)ar (a ) par'#4 "!*

!i$# !'i$ia$ %$ I$'i'!i!$i(# a(#4 "i'a' r)*a$i'!( r)*$ V(a&i*ir a$=a4 &!p "!*4

%$ )pi$ia (!i !(i! Pa!(!4 %$ Ep)"a V#"7#4 de cuius$! p!'#a 'ra$*i'# par'# &i$ a,#r#a a

pri$ '#'a*#$'4 par'# pri$ #/#"'!( (#=ii 6 ")$"#pi# pr#@#$' 5i (a D)*i'i! U(pia$! 5i (a

Mar"! T!((i! Ci"#r)4 a5a "!* r)*a$i5'ii ")$'#*p)ra$i ) i(!'r#a@a %$ )p#r#(# ()r19.

Tra$*i'#r#a pa'ri*)$i!(!i !""#)ra( ar# !$ "ara"'#r !$i,#ra(4 %$ #$!( "*)5'#$i')r!(4 &)$&i$& !""#i!$#a 6/i# %$ %$'r#=i*#4 /i# ) ")' par'# &i$ #a4 &a" !$' *ai

*!(i *)5'#$i')ri4 ) &)$'# "a ) !$i'a'# p(i$4 a!pra (!i 'r#"$& %$ %$'r#=i*# ')a'#

&r#p'!ri(# 5i )(i=aii(# /!$"'!(!i. C! a('# "!,i$'#4 &)$&i$& *)5'#$ir#a4 !""#)r!( # ,a

!'i'!i %$ ')a'# &r#p'!ri(# a"#'!ia 5i ,a 'r#!i ')')&a' :i p('#a" ')a'# &a')rii(#4 "7iar

&a" a"#'#a p5#" %$'r#= a"'i,!( !""#)ra(. $ a"#' "a@ *)5'#$i')r!( ,a 'r#!i

p('#" &a')rii(# "ar# p5#" a"'i,!( !""#)ra( +ultra &ires $ereditas &i$ pa'ri*)$i!( !

pr)pri!.R)*a$ii #>p(i"a! a"#' "ara"'#r a( 'ra$*ii!$ii !""#)ra(# pri$ i#a "

*)5'#$i')r!( ")$'i$! p#r)a$a /!$"'!(!i2-B %$ r#a(i'a'# #'# ,)ra pr# ) r#=!( *#$i'

ap#r# i$'#r##(# "r#&i')ri()r4 "ar# p!'#a!4 %$ a"#' "7ip4 %$"a#@# "r#a$#(# &i$ a,#r#a

pr)pri# a *)5'#$i')r!(!i.

19Va(#ri! M. Ci!"4 op. cit.4 p. 1-32-!ri")$!('!( Cai! #>p(i" pri$"ipi!( ")$'i$!i'ii p#r)a$#i /!$"'!(!i pri$ a"##a " #r#(# a""#p'a$'

,i$# pr)pri#'ar a( *)5'#$irii &i$ *)*#$'!( *)rii (!i de cuius5i !(ia$ pri$ /ap'!( "4 p$ (a a""#p'ar#4*)5'#$ir#a %$5i ")$'i$! p#r)a$a /!$"'!(!i4 5i &!p a"##a *)5'#$i')r!( a""#p'a$'. D!*i'r! G!r=7#(#a)/rept pri&at roman) Ia5i4 E&i'!ra A(/a4 2--4 p. 02

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A5a&ar4 *)5'#$i')r!( &)$'# "a(i'a'#a pr)pri#'ar4 "r#&i')r4 i')r #>a"' "!*

(# a,!## /!$"'!(4 rp!$@$& p#r)$a( %$'r#= pai,!( *)5'#$irii.

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$i"i a"i!$i(# $!*i'# &indictam spirantes 6r#"(a*a$ii %$ ,ia a")r&a'# !$#i p#r)a$#

p#$'r! a )i$# a'i/a"i# %$ !r*a !$#i a'i$=#ri p#r)$a(# "a %$ "a@!( (!i actio calumniae

6a"i!$#a p#$'r! "a()*$i# 5i actio inuriarum6a"i$#a p#$'r! ,'*ri ")rp)ra(#.

P)'ri,i' r#=!(ii in poenam $eres non succedit 6%$ p#ap *)5'#$i')rii $! !""#& $!

# *)5'#$#a! &a')rii(# p#r#"!')rii4 a&i" &a')rii(# "! "ara"'#r p#$a( ')'!5i *)5'#$i')r!(

rp!$a /a a#*#$#a a"i!$i p#$a(# &i$ p!$"'!( ,#r# reiK &a" pa'ri*)$i!( :a

*ri' pri$ r#@!('a'#(# (i"'!(!i ")*i.

M)5'#$i')rii ")$/)r* i$'i'!i#i a"7i@iii()r mortis causa p!'#a! &)$&i4 "! 'i'(!

par'i"!(ar4 ! /)r*a (#=a'#()r 5i a /ii")*i#()r4 (!"r!ri a! ,a()ri i@)(a'# &i$ *)5'#$ir# /r

a /i i$!' rp!$& &a')rii(# #r#&i'ar#.

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p#'r#"# %$ &r#p'!( *)r$4 (a r)*a$i $! 'r#"#a a!')*a' a!pra *)5'#$i')ri()r4 "i $!*ai (i #

)/#r#aB$ereditas de#ertur 6*)5'#$ir#a a")r&a'4 )/#ri'4 !$ 5i $!*ir#a delatio

$ereditatis 6*)5'#$i')r $!$a' a! "7#*a' (a *)5'#$ir#. Pri$ i*p(a delatio *)5'#$i')r!(

$! "5'i=a *)5'#$ir#a4 #( 'r#!ia :5i *a$i/#'# 5i ,)i$a a &)$&i p#$'r! "a ai ()"

a-uisito $ereditatis 6&)$&ir#a *)5'#$irii4 a"'!( &)$&ir# p!r'$& $!*ir#a aditio

$ereditatis6a&!$ar#a *)5'#$irii. R#@!(' &i$ "#(# ar'a'# "a %$ &r#p'!( r)*a$ p!'#a #>i'#

!$ i$'#r,a( 'i*p %$'r# delatio $ereditatis 5i aditio $ereditatis4 %$ "ar# i$'#r,a( 'i*p

!""#i!$#a4 $#a,$& !$ 'p$ a"'!a(4 # $!*#a $ereditas iacens6*)5'#$ir# ar!$"a' 5i

/ii$& "i !$ res nullius6(!"r! /ar ,a()ar#4 p!'#a /i )"!pa' )ri"i$#4 /r "a a"#(a /i#")$ira' " ar /i ")*i !$ /!r'.

I7#ri$= #>p(i" (i#r'a'#a a '#'a a&*i r)*a$i *!(' %$ai$'#a a(')r p)p)ar# 5i

pr#/#ri$a p#$'r! *)5'#$ir#a '#'a*#$'ar "a !$ *i"(!5i (a

*)5'#$ir#a a' intestato "'r# "#i *ai %$par'ai =#$'i(i 6a=$ai21.

21Vai(# Va( P)pa4 op. cit.4 p. 2+-

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)ri "'# )ri # p!'#a p'ra !$ '#'a*#$' pri$'r:) i$'#rpr#'ar# i$#,)i')ar# a ,)i$#i

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a'!$"i "$& de cuius5i:a /"!' '#'a*#$'!( $!*ai "! pri,ir# (a ) p)ri!$# &i$ !""#i!$#a

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'#'a*#$'!( "a 5i "!* '#'a')r!( ar /i &ip! a!pra %$'r#=!(!i pa'ri*)$i! ")$/)r* r#=!(iiB

nemo pro parte testatus pro parte intestatus decedere potest 6$i*#$i $! p)a'# #

%$pr'#@#4 p(#"# '#'$& ) par'# 5i $#'#'$& ) a(' par'#4 ')'!5i (a !""#i!$#a

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*ai *!(')r *)5'#$i')ri p!'#a r#'r$=# &r#p'!( /i#"r!ia &i$'r# #i4 iar p# "a(# ")$#"i$4

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a!pra p)ri!$ii r*a# (i#r# p)'ri,i' pri$"ipi!(!i a"r#"#$#i22.

-. Pri#!ipii'" #%a)"#&a'" a'" s!!"si#ii

I$&i/#r#$' *)&!( %$ "ar# #ra /#ri' ) *)5'#$ir#4 #>i'a! a$!*i'# pri$"ipii

=#$#ra(#4 p# a@a "r)ra a,#a ()" ,)(!i!$#a !""#)ra(.

a+ *rin$i,i% $ontinitii ,#rsoan#i d#-n$t%i

$ &r#p'!( r)*a$4 # ")$ir " *)5'#$i')r!( ")$'i$! p#r)a$a /!$"'!(!i. C!

pri,ir# (a a"#' "ara"'#r a( !""#i!$ii r)*a$# a! #>i'a'4 &)! ")$"#pii "ar# ")r#p!$a!

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!""#i!$#aB

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'i'!(ar a( !""#i!$ii4 p# &a'a a""#p'rii a"#'#ia "i4 a""#p'ar#a $! a,#a !$ #/#"' r#'r)a"'i,#.

$ &i$ *)*#$'!( "#!(!i 5i p$ (a a""#p'ar#a !""#i!$ii4 # ")$ira4 /a"$&!:

# ap#( (a ) /i"i!$#4 " /!$"'!( a !pra,i#!i'4 &a')ri' !""#i!$ii "ar# (:a r#pr#@#$'a'.22('idem)p. 2+1

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6!""#i!$#a ,a"a$' *#$i$# p#r)$a(i'a'#a /!$"'!(!i.

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p#ri)a& # 'ra$*i'#a! $!*ai !$!ri(# 5i &r#p'!ri(#. T)'!5i4 !""#)r!( #ra i$!' (a p(a'a

&a')rii()r /!$"'!(!i4 %$ a@a pri$"ipi!(!i " $! #>i' !$!ri4 "' &!p "# :a! "@!'

&a')rii(# +'ona non sunt nisi deducto aere alieno. $ a"#'# ")$&iii4 "a(i'a'#a *)5'#$i')r

$! r#@!(' &i$ !""#i!$#23.

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*)5'#$irii.

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,a()ri()r pa'ri*)$ia(#

Pra"'i"4 a"#' pri$"ipi! ")$a"r "a(i'a'#a ")$'i$!a')r de ure a( p#r)$a(i'ii

/!$"'!(!i ! ')a'# ap#"'#(# ##$ia(# a(# a"#'#ia

%$ )&i$# $a'!ra(4 *a'#ria( a (!"r!ri()r

%$ )r&i$#a #>i'#$ia( &i,i$4 &i,i$a')ri#4 r#(i=i)a4 *#'a/i@i" a!4 &!p (ar=a /)r*!(

pr#/#ra' C. A""aria4 eusdem uris et potestatis cuus et de#unctus #uit) /)r*!( pr#(!a'4

tale-uale &i$ Pa$"'#(# pr#i#4 in uni&ersum us

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&a" #'# $!*i' "i$#,a !""#)r4 $!*ai p#$'r! ) par'# a !""#i!$ii4 %$ ')'a( %$(a'!r

!""#)rii a' intestat

%$ "a@!( i$'i'!irii !""#i!$ii ! ")$&ii#4 p%$ (a r#a(i@ar#a ")$&ii#i !""#i!$ii a'

intestat4 $! ar# $i"i !$ &r#p' (a !""#i!$#.

E>"#pii (a a"#' pri$"ipi! !$' &)! 5i a$!*#B

&a" '#'a')r!( (a ) p#r)a$ )$)rai( 5i a('a ) ")$&ii# r!5i$)a4 /ra'#(# '#'a')r!(!i

p)a'# a'a"a '#'a*#$'!(4 "ar# $! # a$!(#a@ %$ ')'a(i'a'#4 "i $!*ai %$ par'#4 a'/#( %$"' ,a

,#$i (a !""#i!$# a'' $eredele'#'a*#$'ar4 "' 5i "#( a' intestat

'#'a*#$'!( *i(i'ar $! #'# !p! a"#'!i pri$"ipi!20.

$+ *rin$i,i% s#!#% 4#r#s s#!,#r 4#r#s 3o dat #r#d#1 ,#ntr totd#ana#r#d#+

C)$/)r* a"#'!i pri$"ipi!4 &r#p'!( #r#(!i $! p!'#a /i 'i$4 $i"i pri$ a


19/87


CA*ITOLUL II

NOIUNEA DE TESTAMENT

1. D"i#iia &"s&a)"#&'i r()a#

T#'a*#$'!( 6testamentum, #'# !$ a"' )(#*$ pri$ "ar# ) p#r)a$ #*$#a@ !$!(

a! *ai *!(i *)5'#$i')ri %$ ,#r#a ai=!rrii ,)i$#i a(# &!p *)ar'#2+.Testamentul est mentis nostrae iusta contestatio) in id solemniter #acta) ut post

mortem nostram &aleat 6T#'a*#$'!( #'# *a$i/#'ar#a4 %$ "a&r!( (#=ii4 a ,)i$#i $)a'r#4

/"!' %$ *)& )(#*$4 "a ai 'ri# &!p *)ar'#.

Testamentul este &oluntatis nostrae iusta sentitia de eo -uod -uis post mortem suam

#ieri &elit 6T#'a*#$'!( #'# 7)'r%r#a (#=a( a ,)i$#i $)a'r# "! pri,ir# (a "##a "# "i$#,a

,r#a # %$'*p(# &!p *)ar'#a a28.

D#/i$iii(# a$'#ri)ar# a(# p(i"ai!$#a I$'i'!ii()r (!iI!'i$ia$29E>pr#ia caput et #undamentum# r#/#r (a /ap'!( " i$'i'!ir#a *)5'#$i')r # a/( %$ /r!$'#a '#'a*#$'!(!i

6caput4 5i " ,a(ai(i'a'#a '#'a*#$'!(!i pi$ ,a(ai(i'a'#a a"#'#ia 6#undamentum3-D!*i'r! G!r=7#(#a4 op. cit.4 p. 0+31V(a&i*ir a$=a4 op. cit.4 p. 32-

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*. F#!i#"a &"s&a)"#&'i r()a#

Di$ /i$iii(# '#'a*#$'!(!i r#@!(' %$5i /!$"i!$#a '#'a*#$'!(!i r)*a$. $'r:

a,r '#'a*#$'!( r)*a$ K $i"i *"ar (a )ri=i$ K $:a a,!' &r#p' ")p $!*ir#a !$!i

*)5'#$i')r p#$'r! "a a"#'a ai =ri#"!'ar#a (#=a'#()r4 &ip)@iii &i$ '#'a*#$' "! pri,ir# (a

a$!*i'# !$!ri. C$& a,#a *ai *!(i $eredes sui4 '#'a')r!( p!'#a a,a$'a#"!')r '#'a*#$'ar.

E'# &r#p' "a Hai! $# ara' " !$ii i$'i'!ii =r#,ai "! pr#a *!('# (#=a'# r*$#a!

apr)ap# $!*ai "! 'i'(!( erede. Dar ai"i $! 'r#!i# &!"#* " ")$i$!'!( $)i!$ii

*)5'#$ir# #ra %$ R)*a ,#"7# pri$ $)i!$#a !$!ri "i Hai! :a %$5#(a' r#/#ri')r (a

#p)"a ,#"7#4 "##a "# :a %$'*p(a' %$ !r* "$& i$'i'!ir#a !$!i erede suus a! $!4 apar# "a )

a,ra' ar"i$ &a" $! # ai=!r eredelui!$ pr)/i'4 "##a "# &!"# a('/#( (a r#p!&i#r#a

6r#/!@!( *)5'#$irii 5i "##a "# a '#r*i$a' ,)'ar#a "')r,a (#=i p#$'r! a ai=!ra "#(!i i$'i'!i'

!$ a$!*i' pr)/i'.

Da"asuus #ra i$=!r!( %$&ri'!i' %$=ri


21/87


CA*ITOLUL III

CAPACITATEA TESTAMENTAR

P#$'r! "a !$ '#'a*#$' /i# ,a(ai(4 #ra $#"#ar %$'r!$ir#a !$)r ")$&iii /)r* 5i

/)$&.

$ a/ar a"#'# ")$&iii /)r* 5i /)$&4 pr#,@!'# p#$'r! /i#"ar# /#(

'#'a*#$'4 # *ai "#r#a 5i ) "apa"i'a'# p#"ia( $!*i' testamenti #actio33

.A5a&ar4 testamenti #actio #*$#a@ "apa"i'a'#a !$#i p#r)a$# a:5i /a"#

'#'a*#$'!( a! a /i *ar')r (a %$')"*ir#a !$!i '#'a*#$'4 pr#"!* 5i "apa"i'a'#a a ,#$i

(a !""#i!$# %$ "a(i'a'# !""#)r a! (#=a'ar.

D#a#*#$#a r#pr#@i$' "apa"i'a'#a a (!a par'# ! )ri"# /)r* (a !$ '#'a*#$'4

a a,#a !$ (#=a'4 a /i %$r"i$a' "! ) '!'#( 5i "7iar a /i *ar')r (a /a"#r#a '#'a*#$'!(!i.

P#$'r! a"#a'a # "#r#a 5i ) "apa"i'a'# /ap'4 r#p#"'i, p)ii(i'a'#a a *a$i/#'a ) ,)i$

)ra( a! %$ "ri4 "i4 "! a('# "!,i$'#4 a a,#a #>#r"ii!( &r#p'!(!i.

1. Capa!i&a&"a &"s&a&(r'i

P#r)a$a "ar# %$')"*#a !$ '#'a*#$' 'r#!ia ai "apa"i'a'#a a:( %$')"*i4 a&i"

&r#p'!( a '#'a 6testamenti #actio acti&a4 a'ri!' p# "ar# )r&i$#a

iuris,5i4 &i*p)'ri,4 #ra! (ipii a"#' &r#p' "#i "r)ra4 &a')ri' a$!*i')r /i"i#$# *i$'a(#

a! i$#>p#ri#$#i ,r'#i4 (# (ip#a p!'#r#a &i"#r$*$' 6$#!$ii4 pr)&i=ii4 i*p!#rii #'".

A"#' &r#p' (ip#a a#*#$#a /#*#i()r4 )ar#"# (#=i!i')r!( # '#*#a $! '#'#@# %$

/a,)ar#a a(')r p#r)a$# "' r!(# a=$a'i"# "r)ra (i # "!,#$#a &!p (#=# *)5'#$ir#a.3.

33I)$ M. A$=7#() op. cit.)p. 3803V(a&i*ir a$=a4 op. cit.)p. 321

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F#*#i()r4 (a )ri"# ,r' ar /i /)'4 $! (# #ra p#r*i (a# '#'a*#$'4 a/ar $!*ai

&a"4 %$ ,#r#a %$')"*irii (!i4 /"#a! ) coeptio #iduciaria &ar $! *!('4 "! %$"!,ii$ar#a

*pra'!(!i a&ria$4 a /)' a&! #$a'!")$!('!( pri$ "ar# (i :a %$=&!i' "#()r sui iuris

p)a' (a '#'a*#$' "7iar &a" /r )(i=a'i,i'a'#a ")#*pi!$ii4 "! ")$&iia %$ $!*ai $!

/i# *ai *i"i 12 a$i #,i$'4 " "#(# "# $:ar /i i#5i'# %$" ! '!'#( /i# )(i=a'# a

'#'a "! %$"!,ii$ar#a '!')r#(!i.

Pr#"!* # ,# /#*#i(# # !"!r !$ r#=i* *ai pri,i(#=ia' "' raii4 ""i p#

"$& ia'!( *ai *i" 1 a$i $! p)a'# /a"# '#'a*#$'4 "7iar &a" ar ,r#a %( /a" "!

%$"!,ii$ar#a '!')r#(!i4 /a'a 6$!i( p)a'#4 ""i ,r#*# "# ar# 12 a$i %*p(i$ii4 #a ar#

&r#p'!( :5i /a" '#'a*#$'!(30.

D#a#*#$#a #>i'a! 5i a('# p#r)a$# "ar# $! p!'#a! '#'a "!* ar /i p#r#=ri$ii "ar#

#ra! ")$irai p)'ri,i' (#=i()r r)*a$#3; i$"apai(i &ar a,#a! &r#p'!( a '#'a &)ar %$

*!ra %$ "ar# ar /i a,!' ius comercii "(a,ii4 "ar# #ra! pri,ii "a i*p(# (!"r!ri 6res 5i "i

/r "apa"i'a'#

T#'a*#$'!( /"!' (a i$a*i" #ra !$ '#'a*#$' r#a(i@a' !$ "(a,4 "i $! #ra ,a(ai(4

"7iar &a" !$ "ap'i, # %$')r"#a a"a. La a@a (!i post liminium r*$# ,a(ai( $!*ai

'#'a*#$'!( /"!' %$ "ap'i,i'a'#.

Da" "i$#,a *)ar# %$ "ap'i,i'a'#4 (#=#a C)r$#(ia 7)'ra "a #( /i# ")$ira' *)r'

&i$ *)*#$'!( "ap'i,i'ii4 a5a " #ra ,a(ai( '#'a*#$'!( /"!' %$ai$'#.

Pi#r& testamenti #actio"#i ")$&a*$ai (a #>i( a! (a ) p)r'ar# p# i$!(4 p#ap "ar#

a'ra=# )media captis deminutio38.

Pri$ !r*ar# "$& "#r"#'a* &a" !$ '#'a*#$' #'# ,a(ai(4 'r#!i# ,@!' *ai %$'i &a"

"#( "ar# (:a /"!' a,#a &r#p'!( %( /a". N!*ai &!p a"##a4 &a" (:a a,!'4 "!'* ,#*

&a" a '#'a' &!p r#=!(i(# &r#p'!(!i "i,i(4 "! #>"#pia *i(i'ari()r "ar#4 &i$ "a!@a pr#a *arii()r $#%$*$ri4 !$' (ai :5i /a" '#'a*#$'!( "!* ,)r a! "!* p)'.

T)'!5i4 %$i$'# )ri"# 'r#!i# ,@!' &a" i$'i'!ir#a *)5'#$i')r!(!i a /)' /"!'

)(#*$ 5i &!p r$&!ia(. I$'i'!ir#a )(#*$ #'# a"#a'aB Titius s imi #ie mo"tenitor &ar

30Hai!) op. cit.4 p. 1023;D!p (#=#a ()r $ai)$a( #ra! %$ p(i$ "apai(i.3+Ei p!'#a! &ip!$# %$ peculium castrense) 6a("'!i' &i$ ')i a$ii 5i !$!ri(# p# "ar# (# "5'i=a p# par"!r!(#r,i"i!(!i *i(i'ar ! N#r,a 5i Traia$4 &a" *!r#a! ! &rap#( ! a&ria$4 "7iar &a" %$"#'a! &i$ ,ia' &!p

(ar#a (a ,a'r. D# peculium -uasi castrese 6!$!ri(# &)$&i'# "a /!$"i)$ar a! p!'!' &ip!$# $!*ai p#,r#*#a (!i I!'i$ia$. V(a&i*ir a$=a) op. cit.4 p. 32138'#/a$ C)")54 op. cit.4 p. 1+9

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p# "' # ,# a *ai /)' a&*i 5i a"##aB /ispun ca Titius smi #ie mo"tenitor $! a /)'

%$ a&*i a"#a'aB /oresc ca Titius smi #ie mo"tenitor iar "#i *ai *!('i $! a&*i' !$#(#

"a a"#a'aB (nstitui mo"tenitor pe Titius4 a! %( /a" *)5'#$i')r.

$ "##a "# pri,#5'# *)*#$'!( %$ "ar# # "#r# "apa"i'a'#a a /a"# !$ '#'a*#$'4

'r#!i# # /a" &i'i$"i# %$'r# "apa"i'a'#a &r#p' 5i "apa"i'a'#a /ap'.

Capa"i'a'#a /ap'

Capa"i'a'#a /ap'4 r#"(a*$& $! $!*ai /a"i(i'a'#a a a,#a p)ii(i'a'#a "#r!'

(#=# (a *)*#$'!( i$')"*irii '#'a*#$'!(!i4 &ar $!*ai a'!$"i.

Da" "i$#,a "apai( %$ &r#p' 5i %$ /ap'4 5i:a #>pri*a' !('i*a ,)i$ %$'r:!$ '#'a*#$'

,a(ai( %$"7#ia'4 ) i$"apa"i'a'# /ap' !r,#$i' !('#ri)r $! p)a'# a,#a $i"i ) %$r!rir# a!pra

'#'a*#$'!(!i K a"#'a r*$# ,a(ai(. R#p#"'i, &a" ) p#r)a$ $')a *i$'a(4 "apai(

%$ /ap' (a *)*#$'!( r#p#"'i,4 /a"# !$ '#'a*#$'4 ) 'ar# $#!$i# i$'#r,#$i' p)'#ri)r

a&r#rii a"'!(!i !('i* ,)i$4 $! ar# $i"i ) i$/(!#$ a!pra ,a(ai(i'ii a"#'!ia.

Capa"i'a'#a &r#p'

N! a"#(a5i pri$"ipi! =!,#r$#a@ 5i "apa"i'a'#a &r#p'. A"#a'a # "#r# a'' (a

*)*#$'!( %$')"*irii '#'a*#$'!(!i "' 5i (a *)*#$'!( *)rii '#'a')r!(!i. Testamenti #actio#

"#r# %$ *)*#$'!( ")$/#"i)$rii '#'a*#$'!(!i 5i %$ ")$#"i$4 &a" (ip#5'# %$ a"#( *)*#$'4

'#'a*#$'!( r*$# $!( "7iar &a" '#'a')r!( a ,#$i' "apai( !('#ri)r.

A5a&ar4 $! #'# !/i"i#$' "a '#'a')r!( ai "apa"i'a'#a &r#p' %$ *)*#$'!( %$')"*irii

'#'a*#$'!(!i "i 'r#!ia ) ai 5i %$ *)*#$'!( *)rii a(#39.

*. Capa!i&a&"a i#s&i&i&'i /s!!"s(r'i0

$ a"#' "a@4 ")$&iii(# #ra! *ai p!i$ ri=!r)a#4 )ar#"# # p!$#a pr)(#*a

&)$&irii !$!ri 5i $! a!*ar#a )(i=aii. P!'#a! #$#/i"i#@# pr#,#ri(#

'#'a*#$'ar#4 "i a,#a! "apa"i'a'# '#'a*#$'ar pai,B p#r)a$#(# sui iuris) alieni iuris

6%$ !$!ri(# pri*i'# a"#'#a &i$ !r* apari$#a! (!ipater #amilias a( ()r 5i "(a,ii.

N! p!'#a! /i i$'i'!i'# "a *)5'#$i')r !r*')ar#(# "a'#=)rii p#r)a$#B "#i "ar# $!

a,#a!

%.r.4 (#=# pr)*!(=a' ! i$piraia a!'#r!(!i Ca') C#$)r!( p#$'r! a # p!$# "ap' (!>!(!i

39Cri'i$#( M!r@#a4/rept roman4 E&iia a:II:a4 G!"!r#5'i4 E&i'!ra A(( G#"J4 2--34 p. 193

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/#*#i()r4 rp$&i' p# "ar *ar# %$ !r*a ")$'r)pirii r)*a$# i$'#r&i"ia ,i@a $!*ai i$'i'!ir#

"a *)5'#$i')r a /#*#i()r "'r# "#'#$ii a,$& !$ "#$ "#( p!i$ 1--.--- a5i. A5a&ar

L#=#a :aco&iaa *ai *i"5)ra' "apa"i'a'#a %$ "##a "# pri,#5'# &)$&ir#a (i#r'i()r mortis

causapri$ "ar# #a pri*#a *)5'#$ir# pri$ '#'a*#$'. F#*#i(# adgnatae ,#$#a! (a *)5'#$ir#a

a' intestat &ar $! *)5'#$#a! "' &a" #ra! !r)ri4 p# "$& #(# p!'#a! /i *)5'#$i'# "#i

*ai %$pr'ai a=$ai. D# a#*#$#apraeteritio 6)*ii!$#a *)5'#$irii /ii"#()r %$ '#'a*#$'!(

(!ipater #amilias$! #ra %$ a"##a5i *!r "! a /ii()r. C! ')a'# a"#'#a4 (#=#a $! # ,a *ai

ap(i"a (a /r5i'!( R#p!(i"ii "$& a*#(# #># ,)r p!'#a *)5'#$i %$ *)& #=a(B ...simili

modo omnes adgnatos si&e masculos si&e #eminas cuiuscum-ue gradus) ad similitudinem

suorum in&icem succesionem &oca'at...6...')i a=$aii /i# rai /i# /#*#ii 5i )ri"# =ra&

!$' "7#*ai p# r$& (a !""#i!$#a r!()r...-.

$ 'i*p!( p)'#ri)r L#=#i "#()r XII Ta(#4 =i* "a *i7#r#@# /)r*a( "a p# ) $eres suaiar %$ "a@ ")$'rar '#'a*#$'!( #ra $!( 5i # &a ()" (a

us accrescendi. F#*#ia (i#ra' *a$! pri$ *a$"ipai!$#4 /ii$& %$ a@a a"#(!ia5i

pri$"ipi!4 ai*i(a' /ii"#i4 'r#!ia a#*#$#a /i# i$'i'!i' a! #>7#r#&a'4 %$ "a@ ")$'rar

-M&(i$a S'r#"7i#4 Condiia #emeii n cadrul #amiliei romane de origine ec&estr n perioada principatului)Crai),a4 E&i'!ra U$i,#ri'aria4 2--84 p. 80

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a! %$ "a@ )*ii!$#4 a,#a 'onorum possessio")$'ra '#'a*#$'!(!i4 "a 5i "#$$ii

/!$"'!(!i1.

$ /r5i' $! p!'#a! /i i$'i'!i'# "a *)5'#$i')r p#r)a$#(# i$"#r'#4 a&i" a"#(#a pr#

"ar# '#'a')r!( $! p!'#a i5i /a" ) i# pr#"i %$ *)*#$'!( %$')"*irii '#'a*#$'!(!i.

$ a,r4 '#'a')r!( 'r#!ia :5i a(#a= !$ *)5'#$i')r a(# "r!i "a(i'i a &!"# (a

%$p(i$ir# !('i*a a ,)i$ p)a' /i "!$)"!'# 5i apr#"ia'# (a ,a()ar#a ()r r#a(. Dr#p'!(

p)@i'i, !r*r#a a'/#( ai=!r# pr)pri#'ar!(!i "(a,i #>p()a'ar#a pa'ri*)$i!(!i ! %$

")$/)r*i'a'# "! a,#r#a a 5i &!p *)ar'#. Ia' "# $! p!'#a /i i$'i'!i' "a *)5'#$i')r "#(

&i$'i "# ,#$#a (a /!$#rarii(# *#(# 6;uis-uis primus ad #unus meus &enerit.

T)' "a p#r)a$# i$"#r'# #ra! pri,ii p)'!*ii4 a&i" ")pii "ar# $! # $"!#r %$" %$

*)*#$'!( ")$/#"i)$rii '#'a*#$'!(!i 5i p#r)a$#(# *)ra(# 6'#*p(#4 "#'i4 a)"iaii. C!

'i*p!( %$4 a"#'# i$"apa"i'i a! /)'4 &a')ri' i$")$,#$i#$'#()r pra"'i"# p# "ar# (#

pr#@#$'a!4 a'#$!a'# a! "7iar %$('!ra'#2.

Er#(# 'r#!ia /i# "apai( %$ *)*#$'#(# %$ "ar# #ra i$'i'!i' *)5'#$i')r K (a /a"#r#a

'#'a*#$'!(!i4 (a "7ir#a !""#i!$ii 5i (a a""#p'ar#a !""#i!$ii inspectio trium

temporum. I$"apa"i'a'#a !r,#$i'4 %$'r# pri*!( 5i a( &)i(#a *)*#$'4 r*$#a i$)p#ra$'

media tempora non nocent4 $! %$ 5i "#a &i$ai$'#a a""#p'rii4 "ar# a'r=#a a$!(ar#a

'#'a*#$'!(!i3.

,. I#!apa!i&a&"a ii!"i %" a2i )(2&"#i &a&3'

$ "##a "# pri,#5'# a"#' !i#"'4 (#=i(# &i$ ,#"7i*# par (a pri*a ,#r# "i!&a'# 5i

$#&r#p'#.

C)$'a'* "! )ar#"ar# !rpri$r# "4 %$ ")$/)r*i'a'# "! &r#p'!( r)*a$4 /ii"a $! %(

*)5'#$#5'# p# 'a'4 &a" #'# "')ri'. R#=!(i(# "# %i pri,#" p# ")(a'#ra(i par4 (a pri*a

,#r#4 %$" 5i *ai %$par'a'# $a'!r 5i &r#p'a'#. i a'a p#$'r! " ')a'# a"#'# (#=i $!

"!r= &i$ ()=i" 5i &i$ rai!$#4 5i $i"i &i$ #$'i*#$'!( #"7i'a'#4 "i &i$ "r#&i$#(# 5i &i$

r#(i=ia "# 'p$#a! !/(#'#(#.

R#=!(a p#$'r! "!(' #'# " #( # 'ra$*i'# %$ (i$i# r'#a" r#=!(a %$ pri,i$a

*)5'#$irii #'# " a"#a'a !r*#a@a "!('!(. Fii"a $! #'# ap' ")$'i$!# r#(i=ia pa'#r$4

1 A(#>a$&r#"! Ni")(a#4 Condiia succesoral a #emeii n dreptul roman) #rance< "i roman) T#@ (i"#$4

G!"!r#5'i4 Li'):')p)=ra/ia I)$ S. C)&r#a$!4 18984 p. 112D!*i'r! G!r=7#(#a4 op. cit.4 p. 093I)$ M. A$=7#(4 op. cit.4 p. 388

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p#$'r! " #a # "')r#5'# 5i4 "')ri$&!:#4 r#$!$ (a "!('!( 'a'(!i4 p#$'r! a:( a&)p'a p# "#(

a( )!(!i #a $! ar# $i"i !$ &r#p' (a *)5'#$ir#. Da" :ar /i %$'*p(a' "a !$ pri$'# :5i (a#

a,#r#a /ii"#i a(#4 pr)pri#'a'#a ar /i a

ar p!'#a %$p(i$i $i"i *"ar pri*a %$&a')rir# a *)5'#$i')r!(!i "ar# #'# a"##a a ")$'i$!a

5ir!( )/ra$ /!$#r#4 p#$'r! " #a 'r#!i# a&!" "! (a *)5'#$ir#4 &ar a,#* "#r'i'!&i$#a "4

)&a' "a')ri' #a $!:5i p!'#a *)5'#$i 'a'( 5i "4 &a" $! #ra "')ri'4 #a $! p!'#a &ip!$#

$i"i)&a' "#(# *)5'#$i'#. Da" #ra *)5'#$i')ar#4 #a $! # !"!ra a"#a' "a(i'a'# "'

pr),i@)ri!4 *)5'#$ir#a /ii$& p#$'r! #a4 %$ a$!*i'# ")$&iii4 apr)ap# !$ i*p(! !@!/r!"' #a $!

a,#a $i"i &r#p'!( a:5i (a a,#r#a pri$ '#'a*#$' 5i $i"i p# a"#(a a %$'ri$a a,#r#a /ra!')ri@aia /ra'#(!i a! a r!()r &!p 'a' "#4 &!p *)ar'#4 !r*a! :i *)5'#$#a" !$!ri(#

5i "ar#4 %$ 'i*p!( ,i#ii #i4 i (# p@#a!.

Tr#!i# *ai /a"#* %$" ) )#r,ai#. I$'i'!'#(# (!i I!'i$ia$ a*i$'#" ,#"7i!(

pri$"ipi!4 a'!$"i "@!' %$ !#'!&i$#4 &ar $! !i'a'4 "ar# pr#,#a " *)5'#$ir#a # /a"

%$')'a!$a %$ (i$i# r'#a". Fr i$&)ia( "4 %$ a*i$'ir#a a"#'#i r#=!(i4 /#*#ia %$

&r#p'!( "i,i( $! p!'#a $i"i)&a' /i# i$'i'!i' *)5'#$i')ar#.

F!'#( C)!(a$=#) op. cit.4 p. 11-

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-. Capa!i&a&"a )ar&(ri'(r

Mar')rii 'r#!i# /i# "apai(i ai testamenti #actio.N! p)' /i *ar')ri "#i "ar# $!

%$#(#= a"'!(4 r#p#"'i, i*p!#rii4 $#!$ii4 *!ii4 !r@ii4 iar p#$'r! !$ '#'a*#$' "ri $i"i)rii. N! p)' /i *ar')ri /#*#i(#4 'a'( 5i /ra'#(# 'a'(!i K repro'atum est ia ea re domesticum

testimonium) $i"i #r#(#4 "(a,!( a! p#r#=ri$!(. F#*#i(# #ra! i$"apai(# a /i *ar')r#4

testes sollenes4 (a '#'a*#$'#4 &r#p' r#@!('a' a( (ip#i &r#p'!ri()r p)(i'i"#0.

P)' /i %$ *ar')ri (a'i$ii

S!$' i$"apai(i4 ap)'aii 5i !$ii #r#'i"i4 "#i ")$&a*$ai p#$'r! a&!('#r 5i carmen

#amosumK "#( "# "ri# "ri)ri )/#$a')ar#.

T#'a*#$'!( #'# ,a(ai( "! ')a' i$"apa"i'a'#a !$!i *ar')r4 &a" a"#'a 'r#"# %$

=#$#ra( &r#p' "apai(4 eror communis #acis ius.

Mar')rii 'r#!ia! /i# r!=ai4 a$!*# "7#*ai p#$'r! a (!a par'# (a /a"#r#a !$!i

'#'a*#$'4 $! ,i$ (a a"#a'a %$'*p(')r;.

D#a#*#$#a # "#r# "a #i /i# ,)(!$'ari4 a&i" ia par'# !$a ,)i# (a /a"#r#a

'#'a*#$'!(!i 5i $! i(ii. Da" a! /)' "7#*ai p#$'r! a('"#,a4 *ar')rii $! !$' i&)$#i. Da"

%$ a %$p(i$i )/i"i!( ()r *ar')ri4 (i # /a"# "!$)"!' " !$' a&!$ai p#$'r! '#'a*#$'4

p)' %$p(i$i ar"i$a ()r i$ "7ip ,a(ai(.

T)'!5i # =#5'# %$ Di=#'# !$ /ra=*#$' "ar# a ,#$i' "#(#r!4 pri$ $ai,i'a'#a !$#i

%$'r#ri 5i r!'a(i'a'#a !$!i rp!$. E "!$)"!' ! $!*#(# ;uaestio /omitiana 5i

=%esponsum Celesinum.

Ia' '#>'!(B /omitius a'eo Celso suo salutem4 ;uaero an testium numero $a'endus

sit is -ui cum rogatus est ad testamentum scri'endum idem -uo-ue cum ta'ulas scripssisset

signa&erit> ? =@u&entius Celsus a'eoni suo salutem. Non intelligo -uid sit de -uo me

consulueris) aut &alide stulta est consultatio tua) plus enim -uam ridiculum est du'itarean

ali-uis ure testis ad$i'itus sit -uoniam idem et ta'ulas testamenti scripserit. D)*i'i!

La#)4 "!*p!(!i ! C#(!B Sa(!'. $'r# &a" 'r#!i# )")'i'4 %$ $!*r!( *ar')ri()r4 a"#(a

"ar# /ii$& "7#*a' "ri# !$ '#'a*#$' 5i &!p "# (:a "ri4 (:a 5i p#"#'(!i' K !,#$'i!

C#(! "!*p!(!i ! La#)4 a(!'Q N! %$#(#= "##a "# ,r#i * %$'r#i4 a! %$'r#ar#a 'a

#'# /)ar'# i$#p' ""i # *ai *!(' "a ri&i")( '# %$&)i#5'i &a" "i$#,a # r#=!(a' "7#*a' "a

*ar')r /ii$&" #( a "ri 5i '#'a*#$'!(.

0M&(i$a S'r#"7i#) op. cit.4 p. 80;'#/a$ C)")5) op. cit.)p. 18-

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C#( "ar# &a a"#' rp!$4 a'/#( 'i(i@a'4 $! #'# a('!( "' a"#( "ar# a &a' "#a *ai

=#$ia(4 *ai #>pr#i, 5i *ai #(#=a$' /i$ii# a &r#p'!(!iB us est ars 'oni et ae-uiA7.

Pri$'r# *ar')ri %$ $! 'r#!ia /i=!r#@# ,r#!$!( "ar# # a/(a ! patria potestas a

(!i#amiliae emptor a! "7iar a '#'a')r!(!i a"#a'a4 "a ) #*i'ai# a &r#p'!(!i ,#"7i4 %$'r!"'

%$'r#= a"#' ri'!a(4 'i$a' /a" &i$ '#'a*#$' !$ a"' )(#*$4 # p#'r#"#a4 # "r# $!*ai

%$'r##amiliae emptor5i '#'a')r. E,i$' " a('&a'4 "#( "ar# pri*#a %$ *a$"ipai!$# %$'r#a=a

a,#r# a '#'a')r!(!i i$#a ()" $!*ai *)5'#$i')r 5i ')"*ai a"##a4 :a r#pi$ i#a " (a

!$ a'/#( a"' /i# *ar')r "i$#,a &i$ a"#(a5i domus"! #(.

D# ai"i 5i /ap'!( "4 &a" "i$#,a "ar# # a/(a ! potestas a 'a'(!i a /)' (!a' "a

#amiliae emptor) a'!$"i $!:i p)a'# 'a "a *ar')r 'a'(!i ! 5i $i"i a"#(a "ar# # a/( !

a"##a5ipotestas"! #(4 #>. /ra'#(# (!i. Dar "7iar 5i #ilius #amilias) &a"4 &!p '#r*i$ar#a

#r,i"i!(!i %$ ar*a'4 ar ,r#a /a" !$ '#'a*#$' a!pra p#"!(i!(!i ! *i(i'ar4 %$" $!:i

p)a'# 'a $i"i 'a'( ! 5i $i"i a('!( "ar# :ar a/(a !potestas a 'a'(!i8.

C#(# "# a* p! pr# *ar')ri4 a"#(#a5i %$#(#=#* " # ap(i" 5i a'!$"i "$& #'#

,)ra li'ripens)""i 5i a"#'a #'# )")'i' %$ r$&!( *ar')ri()r.

A"#(a %$ "ar# # a/( !potestasa *)5'#$i')r!(!i )ri a (#=a'ar!(!i a! a a"#(!ia !

a "r!ipotestas# a/( %$!5i *)5'#$i')r!( )ri (#=a'ar!(4 pr#"!* 5i a"#(a "ar# # a/( !

potestasa a"#'!ia4 p)a'# /)ar'# i$# /i /)()i' "a *ar')r a! "a li'ripens4 a5a "!* p)' /i

"7#*ai &r#p' %$5i5i *)5'#$i')rii a! (#=a'arii. T)'!5i4 %$ "#:( pri,#5'# p# *)5'#$i')r 5i p#

"#( "ar# # a/( a! :ar p!'#a a/(a ! potestasa (!i4 'r#!i# #,i'* a $# /)()i a"#a'

r#=!( 6ius9.

4. S!'a+' )(2&"#i&(r

$ "a@!( !$#i !""#i!$i i$)(,ai(#4 "$& a5a&ar pai,!( !""#)ra( %$'r#"#a a"'i,!(4*)5'#$i')r!( i$'i'!i' $! a,#a $i"i !$ i$'#r# a""#p'# *)5'#$ir#a4 )ar#"# !r*a a"7i'#

+Ni"!(ai C)r)a$!4 Testamentul n dreptul roman4 N)'#(# "!r!(!i pa$"'a#4 R)5i)rii V# Lirrii(#Tip)=ra/ia 5i L#=')ria "ri L!*i$a p)p)r!(!i4 193 K 19304 p. 1088La /a"#r#a !$!i '#'a*#$'4 r!(# a=$a'i"# 6/ii4 /raii #'". a/(a'# ! a"##a5i p!'#r# pri$'#a"4 /i# a (!i#amilie emptor) /i# a '#'a')r!(!i4 $! p!'#a! par'i"ipa "a *ar')r #>"(!r#a (),#a p# *)5'#$i')rii i$'i'!ii4 p#(#=a'ari 5i p# )ri"i$# ar /i /)' i$ ,r#!$a &i$ (#='!ri(# /a*i(i# ar'a'# *ai !. M)'i,!( ' %$ a"##a "'#'a*#$'!(per aes et li'ram#ra %$ /)r* !$ a"' )$#r)4 %$"7#ia' %$'r# '#'a')r 5i #amiliae emptor. La %$"#p!'4"a$& /a*i(ia #ra *a$"ipa' *)5'#$i')r!(!i %$!5i4 &ip)@iia a,#a #$ "$& %$ a'ar# (!"r! a %$"#'a'4 r#'ri"ia5i:a pi#r&!' r)'!(4 ""i "# i$'#r# p!'#a a,#a !$ #amiliae emptor :5i !p#"'#@# r!(# M)5'#$i')r!(4 &i$

")$'r4 a,#a i$'#r#. !ripr!$a a r#")*a$&a' "a r#=!(a /i# p! %$ pra"'i" "' *ai rar p)ii(. A # ,#aHai!4 op.cit.)p. 199Hai!4 op. cit.4 p. 10-

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&i$ pr)pria (!i a,#r# &a')rii(# /!$"'!(!i4 "ar# p5#a! a"'i,!( pa'ri*)$ia( a( !""#i!$ii.

A#*#$#a i'!aii pr#@#$'a! #ri)a# i$")$,#$i#$'# p#$'r! /!$"'. R#/!@!( a pri*i

*)5'#$ir#a %$#*$a "r#a '#'a*#$'!(!i "! ')a'# &ip)@iii(# "!pri$# %$ #(4 &i$'r# "ar#

!$#(# pri,#a! i'!aia "#()r a/(ai ! p!'#r#a a! pr)pri#'a'#a '#'a')r!(!i4 "a4 pi(&4

$!*ir#a !$)r '!')ri p#$'r! ")pii4 @r)iri(# "(a,i4 #'". T)a'# a"#'# &ip)@iii ar /i r*a

i$)p#ra$'# %$ "a@!( %$ "ar# *)5'#$i')r!( #*$a' pri$ '#'a*#$' ar /i r#/!@a' !""#i!$#a. P#

a(' par'#4 *)5'#$ir#a ar /i /)' ,$&!' "'r# "r#&i')ri (a (i"i'ai# p!(i"4 "##a "#

a'r=#a &!p i$# i$/a*ia '#'a')r!(!i i$)(,ai( "ar#4 i # ,a r#/r$=# &)ar a!pra

*#*)ri#i "#(!i &ipr!'4 $!:i p!'#a ')'!5i r*$# i$&i/#r#$'. $'r:!$ /#( a! a('!( /a*i(ia a

ar /i r#i*i':).

P#$'r! a #,i'a a#*#$#a i$")$,#$i#$'#4 &r#p'!( r)*a$ a %$=&!i' 'p$i()r

i$)(,ai(i :5i p)a' i$'i'!i "a *)5'#$i')r pr)pri!( ()r "(a,. I$'r!*#$' a"7i@ii# p#$'r!

'p$4 "' a"#'a # =#a %$ ,ia4 "(a,!( p)a'# ,#$i (a $#,)i# *)5'#$i')r!( a"#'!ia4 /r

a p!'#a r#/!@a !""#i!$#a. A5a&ar i$/a*ia $! a,#a # r#'r$= a!pra 'p$!(!i4 "i

a!pra "(a,!(!i *)5'#$i')r4 iar &ip)@iii(# "!pri$# %$ '#'a*#$' ,)r r*$# ')a'# %$ ,i=)ar#.

I$'i'!i$&!:5i "a,!( "a *)5'#$i')r4 'p$!( 'r#!ia %i a")r 5i (i#r'a'#a4 )ar#"#

$!*ai ,#$i$& )* (i#r p!'#a )i$# !""#i!$#a4 p# "ar# a5a&ar $! ) p!'#a r#/!@a. C! a('#

"!,i$'#4 &)$&ir#a (i#r'ii "(a, 'r#!i# apr#"ia' "a ) ")$#"i$ a i$'i'!irii a(# "a

*)5'#$i')r 5i $! "a ) r#")*p#$ &i$ par'#a '#'a')r!(!i. $ &r#p'!( (!i I!'i$ia$ "(a,!(

&)$a i*p(i"i' (i#r'a'#a pri$ i*p(a a #*$ar# "a *)5'#$i')r %$ '#'a*#$'0-.

I$'i'!ir#a "(a,!(!i a('!ia "a *)5'#$i')r #ra p#r*i4 i$" &i$ #p)"a ,#"7# a &r#p'!(!i

r)*a$4 "! ")$&iia "a 'p$!( (!i /i a,!' testamenti #actio"! '#'a')r!(. G!$!ri(# 'r#"#a!

(a pr)pri#'ar!( "(a,!(!i p#$'r! " a"#a' i$'i'!ir# a,#a ()" iussu domini.

I$'#r#!( /)()irii a"#'!i pr)"#! #ra !r*')r!(B %$ ")$/)r*i'a'#a "! $)r*#(#

&r#p'!(!i "i,i(4 "#( i$'i'!i' *)5'#$i')r $! p!'#a ,i$ &r#p'!( ! !""#)ra(4 %$ai$'#

*)ar'#a '#'a')r!(!i4 iar &a" 'p$!( ar /i /)' i$'i'!i' p#r)$a( 5i ar /i *!ri' %$ai$'#a'#'a')r!(!i a! %$ai$'# a /i a""#p'a' !""#i!$#a4 $! ar /i 'ra$*i $i*i" *)5'#$i')ri()r i4

p# "$& i$'i'!ir#a !$!i "(a, '$ar p!'#a %$(a'!ra a"#( i$")$,#$i#$'.

P#$'r! a )")(i a"#a' $)r*

/i i$'#r#ai :i ai=!r# !$ 'rai *ai !$.

0-V(a&i*ir a$=a4 op. cit.)p. 32301 I)$ M. A$=7#() op. cit.4 p. 38+

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5. Si&aia p"rs(a#"'(r 6ri%i!"

P#r)a$#(#

S# )#r, &i$ '#>'!( *ai ! "a i$"apa"i'a'#a #ra r#=!(a 6%$ pri,i$a "#'i()r4

")rp)raii()r 5i &i,i$i'i()r4 (a "ar# # a&*i'#a! %$ #>"#pii K a")r&a'# i$iia( "a )

/a,)ar# p#"ia(4 *ai ap)i "a 'i'(! =#$#ra(. $ p#ri)a&a D)*i$a'!(!i4 :a r#,#$i' (a r#=!(a

p(i$#i "apa"i'i. C#'i()r4 'ai(i*#$'#()r r#(i=i)a# 6i#ri"i4 /!$&aii pi)a# 5i

")rp)raii()r (i # )/#r#a ) (ar= p)ii(i'a'# a pri*i pri$ '#'a*#$'02.

02 Mir"#a Da$ G)"a$4 Testamentul. B&oluia succesiunii testamentare n dreptul roman) G!"!r#5'i4 E&i'!raL!*i$a L#>4 2---4 p. +

3-


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CA*ITOLUL I5

FORMELE TESTAMENTULUI

1. T"s&a)"#&' $# +"!7i' %r"p& !i+i'

T#'a*#$'!( r)*a$ a /)' !$ a"' "ara"'#ri'i" !$!i i'#* &r#p' "# a 'ri' a''

*!(' pri$ )(#*$i'a'#a /)r*#()r4 i$"(!i, ) )(#*$i'a'# 'r!"'!r i$'#ri)ar4 #>i'#$a !$#i

/a@# ar7ai"#4 %$ "ar# &r#p'!(4 r#(i=ia 5i *)ra(a /)r*a! !$ ')' !$i'ar

testamentorum autem genera initio dou #uerunt4 naum aut calatis comitiis testamentum

#acie'ant) -uae comitia 'is in anno testamentis #aciendis destinata erant) aut in procinctu) id

est cum 'elli causa arma sume'ant... (a %$"#p!' a! #>i'a' &)! /#(!ri '#'a*#$'#B %$

a,r r)*a$ii %i /"#a! '#'a*#$'#(# /i# "! )"a@ia ")$,)"rii ")*iii()r 6calatis comitiis,

"ar#4 &)! )ri p# a$4 #ra! 'i$a'# %$')"*irii '#'a*#$'#()r4 /i# in procinctu4 a&i" a'!$"i

"$& %$"i$=#a! ar*a4 =a'a p#$'r! '(i# accesiit deinde tertium genus testamenti) -uod per

aes et li'ram agitur ... ? :a a&!=a' ap)i a( 'r#i(#a /#( '#'a*#$'4 "ar# # %$')"*#5'# pri$

ara* 5i a(a$.

U(pia$ p!$# " testamentorum genera #uerunt tria4 unum -uod calatis comitiis)

alterum -uod in procinctu) tertium -uod per aes te li'ram apellatum est K #>i'a! 'r#i 'ip!ri '#'a*#$'4 !$!( #ra $!*i' a&!$ar#a ")$,)"a'4 !$!( %$ /aa ar*a'#i =a'a (!p' iar a(

'r#i(#a pri$ ara* 5i a(a$. !'i$ia$4 "ar# *#$i)$#a@ "#(# 'r#i /)r*# '#'a*#$' pr# a

/a"# ) i$'r)&!"#r# i')ri"4 r#p#' %$ ##$ a"#(#a5i i$/)r*aii "a 5i Hai!4 ar'$& " #ra !$

'#'a*#$' %$'r#!i$$& in pace at in otio ? %$ pa"# 5i 'i7$03.

$ /r5i'4 A!((! H#((i! $# 'r#a$*i'# "!,i$'#(# (!i Mar"! A$'i'i! La#)B 'i* "

#ra! 'r#i 'ip!ri '#'a*#$'B !$!( "ar# #ra /"!' %$ /aa a&!$rii p)p)r!(!i4 %$ calatis camitiis)

03Cri'i$#( M!r@#a4 op. cit.)p. 132

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a('!( in procinctum) "$& ar*a'a #ra ara$

a+ T#sta!#nt% $a%atis $o!itiis

I')ria !""#i!$ii '#'a*#$'ar# "))ar %$ 'i*p!ri 'r,#"7i4 "$& =i* !r*#(# !$#i

i$'i'!ii "ar# pr#,#'#5'# '#'a*#$'!( /r a /i %$ '#'a*#$'. A"#' ,#ri'ai( a"' pr#"!r)r $!

# "7i ,)i$#i i$&i,i&!a(#4 &ar ' *r'!ri# piri'!(!i /a*i(i#.I*p!$$& (!i pater #amilias &a')rii4 "! ')a'# " #( $! ")$/#r#a &r#p'!ri4 !*p(# )

(a"!$ p# "ar# )r&i$#a /a*i(ia( ar7ai" a,#a ) (a# "7i. C$& pater #amilias$! a,#a

/ii 5i "i *)5'#$i')ri4 a"#' a"' %i a")r&a p)ii(i'a'#a a "r#a !$ !""#)r a(# &i$ a/ara

/a*i(i#i pri$'r:) a&r)=ai# p#$'r! "a!@ *)ar'#. A&r)=aia # /5!ra %$ /aa a&!$rii

p)p)r!(!i4 comitia curiata) ")$,)"a' a$!a( "'r#ponti#e maimus4 !$ $!*ir#a a

'#'a*#$' calatis comitiis) '#'a*#$' %$ /aa a&!$rii ")$,)"a'#.

D##*$a'!(4 a#*#$#a !$!i /i! $=# a( 'a'(!i4 !""#a "ap!(!i /a*i(i# &i$*)*#$'!( *)rii (!ipater #amilias. I$'i'!ia r#(#, %$ai$'# ')a'# &r#p'!( /a*i(i#i 5i $!

r#pr#@#$'a $i*i" a('"#,a "' ) a&r)=ai# &)'a' "! ) /!$"i# '#'a*#$'ar. A5a "!* #ra4 #a

#ra &i"'a' $#"#i'a'#a p#rp#'!rii /a*i(i#i %$ $!( ")*!$i'ii "#'ii4 a !pra,i#!irii

$!*#(!i 5i a ")$'i$!rii "!('!(!i /a*i(i#i4 "a 5i a ")$#r,rii pa'ri*)$i!(!i4 5i #'# !5)r

%$#(# " %$ a"#a' 'r,#"7# #p)" ) p)(#* ) a#*#$#a =ra,i'a'# a/#"'a /a*i(ia 5i

"#'a'#a 5i ai"i #>i=#$a a r#"!r=# (a a&!$ar#a p)p)r!(!i "ar# i5i &a a")r&!(00.

0Cri'i$#( M!r@#a4 op. cit.4 p. 13200Vai(# Va( P)pa) op. cit.4 p. 2++

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A5a&ar4 '#'a*#$'!( calatis comitiis%*r"a /)r*a !$#i (#=i ,)'a'# "'r# comitia

curiata4 !$ # p)a'# &!"# " (a %$"#p!' r)*a$ii pri,#a! "! r#'i"#$ '#'a*#$'!(4 a"'

pri$ "ar# !""#i!$#a pr#,@!' (#=# p!'#a /i *)&i/i"a'.

C#r' #'# " %$ #p)"a L#=ii "#()r XII Ta(# pri$"ipi!( (i#r'ii a '#'a :a i*p!

/i$i'i,4 %$ &r#p'!( r)*a$0;.

T#'a*#$'!( calatis comitiis #'# a$'#ri)r a"#'#i (#=i4 &ar "ara"'#r!( ! )&a' "!

a"#a' (#=# :a *)&i/i"a'. Mai %$ai$'# (#=#a "#*,ria(4 '#'a*#$'!( calatis comitiis

a,#a "ara"'#r!( !$#i (#=i4 )ar#"# p)p)r!( ,)'a a"#' a"' "a )ri"ar# (#=#. $'r:a,ar

'#'a*#$'!( pr#,@$& &ip)@ii!$i "ar# # aa' (a &ip)@ii!$i(# ")*!$# "!pri$# %$ (#=#

a! ")$a"ra'# )i"#i4 &ip)@ii!$i "ar# r#=(#*#$'#a@ !""#i!$#a a' intestat K #ra

$#"#ar ) a,ra' (#=# p#$'r! a p#r*i'# '#'a')r!(!i # !p!$ "!'!*#i )i"#i!(!i a!

(#=ii. P)p)r!( a,#a "i !$ a,ra' r)( (#=i!i')r. O&a' "! L#=#a "#()r XII Ta(#4 p)p)r!(

")$'i$! ,)'#@# (#=#a "ar# %*ra" '#'a*#$'!(4 #/#"'#(# '#'a*#$'!(!i ")$'i$! #

pr)&!"4 &ar r)(!( p)p)r!(!i $! *ai #'# a"#(a5i. D# &a'a a"#a'a p)p)r!( $! *ai #'#

(#=i!i')r4 $! *ai %5i i*p!$# ,)i$a a4 "i ar# $!*ai r)(!( *ar')r4 (!$& a"' ")$i$!'!(

'#'#*#$'!(!i. D# ai"i 5i '#r*#$!( testamentum4 '#r*#$ "ar# i*p(i" i#a *ar')ri

testes 5i $! ,)'a$i.

T#'a*#$'!( $! *ai #ra ) a,ra' (#=#4 &ar #/#"'#(# pr)&!# %$ p#ri)a&a a$'#ri)ar

")$'i$! (# ai0+.

T#'a*#$'!( calatis comitiis pr#@#$'a &)! i$")$,#$i#$'# i*p)r'a$'#B %$ pri*!( r$&4

#( #ra a""#ii( $!*ai pa'ri"i#$i()r4 ""i $!*ai #i par'i"ipa! (a (!"ri(# comitieicuriate) iar %$

a( &)i(#a r$&4 # p!'#a /a"# $!*ai &)! )ri p# a$4 pr)ai( (a 2 *ar'i# 5i 2 *ai4 p#$'r!

" %$ @i(#(# 23 a(# a"#')r (!$i # /"#a "#r#*)$ia 'r*i#()r "ar# #r,#a (a ")$")"ar#a

p)p)r!(!i %$ "!rii.

U$ 7#ra(& 'ra,#ra )ra5!( 5i "7#*a "#'#$ii %$ "!rii. T#'a*#$'!( #ra !$ ,)' a(

comiiilor calate&!p pr)p!$#r#a $)!(!i p)$'i/ a! a (!i re sacrorum "ar# (# pr#@i&a.$ /)r*a i$iia(4 #( a,#a %$#(# a&r)=ai!$#4 'r#!i$& a ) ")$'i$!i'a'#

a"r!(!i4 /ii$& !$ a"' ")*p(#'ar# a /a*i(i#i4 a&i" /"!' %$ (ipa ")pii()r.

F#*#i(# "ar# $! a,#a! a""# %$ comiiile calate $! p!'#a! /a" '#'a*#$' ! a"#a'

/)r* 6 $i"i /i# i$'i'!i'#. D# a#*#$#a4 $i"i p!#rii4 "ar# $! p!'#a! (!a par'# (a ,iaa "!

"ara"'#r r#(i=i)4 r#@#r,a' pa'ri"i#$i()r4 $! p!'#a! /a"# '#'a*#$' 5i $i"i i$'i'!i ! a"#a'

/)r*08.0;

E*i( M)("!4 op. cit.)p. 1390+C)$'. S'. T)*!(#"!4 op. cit.4 p. 1808'#/a$ C)")54 op. cit.4 p. 1+

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T#'a*#$'!( calatis comitiis #ra "@!' %$ !#'!&i$# %$ai$'# /r5i'!( R#p!(i"ii.

C)$/)r* i$/)r*aii()r 'ra$*i# Ci"#r) # par# " %$ a$!( 19 %.r. $! *ai #>i'a K a"#'a

$! # *ai *#$i)$#a@ a('!ri '#'a*#$'!( per aes et li'ram "i &)ar '#'a*#$'!( in

procinctu.

+ T#sta!#nt% in ,ro$in$t

i a"#'a #'# ) /)r* pri*i'i, '#'a*#$'. rocinctus est epeditus et armatus

eercitus. A'/#( %( "ara"'#ri@a Hai! %$ (nstituiuni4 "ara"'#ri@ar# r#(!a' ")*pi(a')rii

!r*4 a&i" !$ '#'a*#$' a( )5'#$i()r %$ai$'# p(#"ar#a (#=i!$ii (a r@)i4 (a a'a"4 '#'a*#$'a&! (a "!$)5'i$a %$'r#=ii (#=i!$i %$ai$'#a *ar5!(!i pr# "*p!( '(i#09.

T#'a*#$'!( in procinctu a apr!' !('#ri)r '#'a*#$'!(!i calatis comitiis. Spr#

)#ir# a"#'a4 "ar# #ra a""#ii( $!*ai pa'ri"i#$i()r 6""i $!*ai pa'ri"i#$ii par'i"ipa! (a

")*iii(# "!ria$'# '#'a*#$'!( in procinctu#ra a""#ii( 5i p(##i()r4 &ar $!*ai *i(i'ari()r4

"ar# p!'#a! :5i /a" '#'a*#$'!( %$ ,r#*# r@)i4 %$ /aa "a*ara@i()r 6"ar# %$p(i$#a!

r)(!( *ar')ri "a 5i ")*iii(# "!ria$'# %$ "a@!( '#'a*#$'!(!i calatis comitiis4 %$ai$'# a

i$'ra %$ (!p'

;-

.A"#a' /)r* '#'a*#$' #ra !$ a"' #>"#pi)$a( 5i a,#a ()"4 /i# %$ai$'# a %$"#p#

(!p'a4 /i# "7iar &!p "# # (!a ")$'a"'!( "! i$a*i"!(. A5a&ar4 pater #amilias) "ar# $! :a

%$=rii'$& p)ii(i'a'#a a *!ri4 %$ /aa "a*ara@i()r i4

%5i i$'i'!ia *)5'#$i')r!(.

I$'i'!ir#a # /"#a ! /)r*a !$#i "(araii ,#ra(# %$ /aa "#()r(a(i "#'#$i4

'),ar5i ar*#4 "!* ar p!'#a ) /a" %$ /aa p)p)r!(!i p# 'i*p pa"#4 iar '#'a')rii

i$&i"a! )ra( $!*#(# #r#(!i %$ pr#@#$a a 'r#i a! pa'r! p#r)a$# "# (!a! a"' ,)i$a

a"#'!ia.

La )ri=i$#4 a#*#$#a '#'a*#$'!(!i calatis comitiis4 ")p!( ! #ra #*$ar#a

a"#(!ia "r!ia4 %$ "a@!( *)rii '#'a')r!(!i4 =i$'a ,a 'r#!i i # !p!$4 iar !('#ri)r4 &a')ri'

'ra$/)r*ari()r )"i):#")$)*i"#4 5i a"#'a ,a ,#$i pa'ri*)$ia(.

D# a"#' '#'a*#$' $! # p!'#a! /)()i "' p#r)a$#(# "ar# i$'ra! %$ ")*p!$#r#a ar*a'#i

a"'i,#4 a&i" araii %$'r# 1+ K ; a$i. Fii$& i$a""#ii( 'r$i()r 5i )($a,i()r4 a&i" ')"*ai

09Va(#ri! M. Ci!"4 op. cit. p. 1-0-;-T#)&)r S*ria$4 op. cit.)p. 9;

3


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a"#()r p#r)a$# "ar# a,#a! $#,)i# #(4 '#'a*#$'!( in procinctu pr#@#$'a i$")$,#$i#$'#

pra"'i"#;1.

T#'a*#$'!( in procinctu,a ")$'i$!a /i# !'i(i@a' 5i %$ 'i*p!( R#p!(i"ii4 a,$&

pr)ai( ) ,ia *ai (!$= "' "#( /"!' pri$ ")$,)"ar#a a&!$rii4 &ar ,a "a 5i a"#'a %$

!#'!&i$#4 "##a "#:i ,a '#r*i$a &ipariia /ii$& "a$a "#r#*)$ia(!(!i %$p(i$i'

%$ai$'#a !$#i '(ii.

Ci"#r) $# 'ra$*i'# " &eritas auspiciorum sperta est) species tantum retenda4 (ta-ue

maimae reipu'licae partes) in $is 'ella) -ui'us reipu'licae salus continetur) nullis auspiciis

administrantur) nulla peremnia ser&antur) nulla e cumini'us) nulli &iri &ocantur) e -ue in

procinctu testamenta perierunt ? $#=(i

30


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#(i#r#@# pa'ri*)$i!( (#='!ri(# "ar#:( !$#a! "! /a*i(ia a'/#( %$"' &i$ *)*#$'!(

*)rii4 a"#'a $! *ai r#"a& %$ *i$i(# *#*ri()r /a*i(i#i

'ra$/#r# pa'ri*)$i!( !$!i *)5'#$i')r a(# (i#r "'r# '#'a')r4 a"' %$p(i$i' %$ 'i*p!(

,i#ii '#'a')r!(!i4 &ar "ar# $! pr)&!"#a #/#"'# "' &!p *)ar'#a a.

P#$'r! %$p(i$ir#a #>i=#$#()r a"'!(!i mancipatio per aes et li'ram) i$'r)&!"#r#a

!$#i a 'r#ia p#r)a$#4 #amiliae emptor) #ra $#"#ar. I$'#rp! %$'r# '#'a')r 5i ,ii')r!(

*)5'#$i')r4 a"#' )* %$"r#r# $! %$p(i$#a "' /!$"ia a /i=!ra "a par'# %$

mancipatio'#'a*#$'ar 5i a #>#"!'a ,)i$a '#'a')r!(!i &!p *)ar'#a a;3.

E'# #,i$' " a'@i # pr)"#a@ a('/#( "' # )i5$!ia p# ,r#*!ri. C"i p# "$& a('&a'

#amiliae emptor4 a&i" "#( "ar# pri*#a (a '#'a')r !$ pa'ri*)$i! pri$ *a$"ipai$#4 i$#a

$!*ai ()"!( *)5'#$i')r!(!i 5i p#$'r! a"#' *)'i, '#'a')r!( %i &aa %$r"i$ar#a "# 5i "!i

%$#(#=#a :i /i# 'r#"!' a,#r#a &!p *)ar'#4 &a'a a"#a'a4 !$!( #'# *)5'#$i')r!( i$'i'!i'

pri$ '#'a*#$'4 5i (a a"#'a # a5'#ap' &i'ri!ir#a (#=a'#()r;4 iar a('!(4 i p! /)r*4

#'# $!*i' ')'#amiliae emptor4 &ar $!*ai "a ) i*i'ar# a &r#p'!(!i ,#"7i.

L!"r!( a"#'a # p#'r#"# a5aB "#( "ar# /a"# '#'a*#$'!(4 &!p "# a "ri '(i#(#

'#'a*#$'ar#4 ,i$# 5i %i *a$"ip#a@ "!i,a4 /)r*. A,#r#a4 /a "! 0 *ar')ri4 "#'#$i

r)*a$i4 p!#ri 5i !$ "$'ri')r4 "a (a "#(#(a('# *a$"ipai!$i. $ a"#' a"'4 "!*pr')r!( a,#rii

6#amiliae emptor r)'#5'# !r*')ar#(# "!,i$'#B Bu a#irm ca patrimoniul 6/a*i(ia"i a&erea

ta personal 6p#"!$ia rmn ale tale) dar din nsarcinarea ta ele &or trece n pa


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a"#' a"'4 &a" # %$$')5#a;;4 5i #amiliae emptor4 %$r"i$a' "! %$p(i$ir#a ,)i$#i

'#'a')r!(!i4 a,#a ) i*p( %$&a')rir# *)ra(4 %$"a' de cuius!( $! p!'#a a,#a "#r'i'!&i$#a

r#a(i@rii &ip)@iii()r a(#.

C! 'i*p!( '#'a*#$'!(per aes et li'rama /)' p#r/#"i)$a'B#amiliae emptor pi#r

)ri"# p!'#r# a!pra !$!ri()r '#'a')r!(!i4 /ii$& %$r"i$a' &)ar 'ra$/#r# a,ra'!(!i

*)5'#$i')r pa'ri*)$i!( /!$"'!(!i;+.

T#'a*#$'!( per aes et li'ram a pr#@#$'a' 'r#i /a@# #,)(!'i,# &!p "!* !r*#a@B

mancipatio #amiliae) pr# "ar# a* ,)ri' *ai !4per aes et li'ram pu'licum5iper aes et

li'ram secretum.

T#'a*#$'!( p"r a"s "& 'i8ra) p8'i!) # $!*#a a'/#( )ar#"# $!*#(#

*)5'#$i')r!(!i #ra ")*!$i"a' "#()r pr#@#$i "ar# 5'ia! " ,)r /i *)5'#$i')ri. E( #ra ')' )

ap(i"ai# a *a$"ipai!$ii4 &ar &a'a a"#a'a *a$"ipai!$#a #ra '!r$a' (a ")p!( #i

)ar#"# $i"i !$!( &i$ #/#"'#(# a(# r#a(# $! # *ai pr)&!"#a!. Bmptor #amiliae $! *ai

,i$# pr)pri#'ar a( !$!ri()r *a$"ipa'#4 5i "(ar %$ *)& )(#*$ "! )"a@ia *a$"ipai!$ii

" %$ a@a %$r"i$rii '#'a')r!(!i !$!ri(# # a/( %$ a@a (!i i (#:a "!*pra'.

O a(' )#ir# /a mancipatio #amiliae5i /a *a$"ipai!$#a r#a( ")$' %$

a"##a " &a'a a"#a'a ,)r#5'# 5i '#'a')r!(4 $! $!*ai emptor #amiliae4 a&i" a"7i@i')r!(.

D#"(araia '#'a')r!(!i # $!*#5'# nuncupatio. D#"i '#'a*#$'!( per aes et li'ram "!pri$

&)! a"'# &i'i$"'#4 r#p#"'i, mancipatio 5i nuncupatio.

Nuncupatio #ra par'#a pri$"ipa( a '#'a*#$'!(!i4 mancipatio i$'#r,#$i$& $!*ai

/)r*. T)'!5i4 'r$ (#=a'# !$!( a('!(4 a"#'# &)! a"'# 'r#!ia! %$p(i$#a" uno

contetu)a&i" /r a /i %$'r#r!p'# $i"i !$ a"' 'ri$ '#'a*#$'!(!i.

T#'a*#$'!(p"r a"s "& 'i8ra) s"!r"&)# )##5'# "#( p!(i" )ar#"# $!*#(#

*)5'#$i')r!(!i $! *ai #'# "!$)"!' %$ai$'#4. $ a"#' "a@4 '#'a')r!( &!p pr)$!$a'#a/)r*!(#i "a'r# emptor #amiliae $! *ai ara' )ra( "ar# !$' &ip)@iii(# a(# !('i*

,)i$4 "i pr#@#$'a !$ a"' "ri. D#5i '#'a')r!( pr)$!$ ) /)r*!( )(#*$4 $! *ai i$&i"

$!*#(# *)5'#$i')r!(!i4 iar a"#a'a ar# $!*ai ")p!( a ar'a " a"'!( "ri pr#@i$' ,)ia

(!i;8.

;;D!p !$ii a!')ri4 *a$"ipai!$#a $:ar a,#a a/#"'# "' p#$'r! &!p *)ar'#a '#'a')r!(!i 5i %$ ")$#"i$4 $! ar

&!"# (a p)#&ar#a a"#'!ia !$!ri.;+D!*i'r! G!r=7#(#a4 op. cit.4 p. ;-;8'#/a$ C)")5) op. cit.4 p. 1+;

3+


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E-#$t#%# t#sta!#nt%i

6 E-#$t# 0n ra,ortri%# dintr# t#stator 2i !o2t#nitorii %#7a%i

D)$&i')r!( /i&!"iar 6emptor #amiliae "(arB A"#' (!"r! 6%$ pa'ri*)$i!(

*)*#$'!( *)rii '#'a')r!(!i4 pa'ri*)$i!( $! # ,a *ai a/(a %$ *i$i(# *)5'#$i')ri()r (#=a(i

'#'a')r!( pri* a#*#$#a 5i ,ii')r!(. P!'#r#a #>#"!')r '#'a*#$'ar #'# r#'r$ (a custodela

(!i#amiliae emptor4 a&i" (a pa@a &)$&i')r!(!i4 )ar#"# '#'a')r!( p)a'# &ip!$# (i#r

!""#i!$#a a ")$/)r* /)r*#()r pr#,@!'# pri$ '#'a*#$'. A'/#(4 pa'ri*)$i!( $! r*$# %$

*i$i(# &)$&i')r!(!i4 #( $#'r#"$& %$ *i$i(# a(# "' p#$'r! a /i &i'ri!i' *)5'#$i')ri()r

$!*ii %$ '#'a*#$'.

6 E-#$t# 0ntr# t#stator 2i !o2t#nitorii institii

A"#'a #'# a"'!( nuncupatio "ar# r#=(#*#$'#a@ rap)r'!ri(# &i$'r# '#'a')r 5i

*)5'#$i')rii i$'i'!ii pri*#a" !$!ri(# !""#)ra(# ")$/)r* &ip)@iii()r '#'a')r!(!i.

A"'!( nuncupatio ")$i$# "i !('i*a &ip)@ii# a '#'a')r!(!i pri$ "ar# #( r#=(#a@ 'a(ii(#

*)5'#$irii. A"#a'a # /a"# pri$ a"'!( nomen capere ? a/ir*ai# )(#*$ 5i p!(i" "ar# /a"#

ap#( (a *ar')rii pr#@#$i;9.

*. T"s&a)"#&' $# %r"p&' pr"&(ria#

Pr)(#*a )ri=i$i()r "# i$"(! "7#'i!$i &i/i"i(# 5i !$#)ri i$"#r'# a(# a"#'#i pri a

(#=i(ai#i r)*a$# /a"# 'r#"#r#a pr# !$ &)*#$i! *ai /#r*4 *ai i$# "!$)"!'4 r#p#"'i,#

;9Vai(# Va( P)pa4 op. cit.)p. 2+9

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/)r*#(# *)r$# a(# '#'a*#$'!(!i r)*a$. F)r*a '#'a*#$'!(!i ")$'i$! #,)(!#@#4 #

i*p(i/i"#4 a"#a' 'ra$/)r*ar# /ii$& )p#ra pr#')ri()r 5i a (#=i(ai#i p)'"(ai"#.

a+ T#sta!#nt% ,r#torian

Pr#')r!(4 !r*$& "r##@# !$ i'#* &r#p' !""#)ra( (ipi' )ri"# /)r*a(i*4

%$('!r /)r*a(i'i(# *a$"ipai!$ii 5i "(araia 6nuncupatio, '#'a')r!(!i4 pr#"i@$& "a

'#'a*#$'!( p# "ar# "i$#,a 5i:( %$')"*#5'# %$ "ri p# '(i# %$'ri'# "! p#"#i(# a 5ap'#

*ar')ri ar# p(i$ #/i"a"i'a'#

$! a,#a "a(i'a'#a *)5'#$i')r 6$eres %$ ")$/)r*i'a'# "! r#=!(i(# &r#p'!(!i "i,i( a"##a

#( $! &)$a *)5'#$ir#a "i,i(+$ereditas,4 "i $!*ai ) *)5'#$ir# pr#')ria$ 6'onorum

possessio,. Pra"'i" # ri&i"a pr)(#*a ")$/(i"'!(!i %$'r# !$ *)5'#$i')r "i,i( 5i !$!( pr#')ria$.

D# pi(&a4 *)5'#$i')r!(!i (#=a(4 &!p &r#p'!( "i,i(4 "#r#a i # a'ri!i# (!i !""#i!$#a p#

"ar# ) r#"(a*a 5i !""#)r!( i$'i'!i' pri$'r:!$ '#'a*#$' pr#')ria$+-.

A* ,@!' "4 ")$#r,ar#a *a$"ipai!$ii %$ '#'a*#$'!( pri$ ara* 5i a(a$ ,#$i#) /)r*a(i'a'# i*p! $!*ai /)ra )i"#i!(!i par'#a pri$"ipa( #ra "(arai!$#a

'#'a')r!(!i ")$"#r$$& i$'i'!ir#a *)5'#$i')r 5i "#(#(a('# &ip)@ii!$i #>#"!'a' post

mortem. Pr#')r!( # *!(!*i4 %$" &i$ #")(!( a(:VI:(#a a( "#'ii4 "! "(arai!$#a "ri a

/!$"'!(!i p!r'$& i=i(ii(# a 5ap'# *ar')ri4 5i /=&!i %$ #&i"' " ,a a")r&a *)5'#$i')r!(!i "#

# ,a pr#,a(a !$ a'ar# %$"ri G. P.secundum ta'ulas4 (a )ri=i$#sine re5i4 (a A$')$ Pi!(

%$")()4 cum re4 "i )p)@ai( a"i!$ii #,#$'!a(# a *)5'#$i')r!(!i "i,i( 6$ereditas petitio+1.

D#"i A$')$i! Pi! &ip!$# pri$'r:!$ r#"rip' " "#i i$'i'!ii pri$'r:!$ '#'a*#$' /"!'

/r r#p#"'ar#a ")$&iii()r p!# &r#p'!( "i,i( 6non iure #actum p)' r#pi$= p#'iia

7#r#&i'a'# a *)5'#$i')ri()r (#=i'i*i.

D#a#*#$#a4 &!p "!* $# i$/)r*#a@ Hai! pri$ (nstituiunile a(#4 &i$ 'i*p!(

%*pra'!(!i Mar"! A!r#(i! A$')$i$! 61;1:18- &. r. &a'#a@ !$ r#"rip' i*p#ria( pri$

"ar# a /)' %$'ri' r)(!( '#'a*#$'!(!i pr#')ria$4 pri$ a$"i)$ar#a !$#i #>"#pii &)(

+-

V(a&i*ir a$=a. op. cit.4 p. 320+1C. S')i"#"!4 Curs elementar de drept roman4 E&iia a:II:a4 G!"!r#5'i4 Tip)=ra/ia Nai)$a( #a$ I)$#"! C).4 S'ra&a G!r#i4 192+4 p. 398

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6eceptio doli %$ /a,)ar#a *)5'#$i')ri()r '#'a*#$'ari pr#')ri#$i %$ ")$'ra a"i!$i()r

!""#)ra(# a(# *)5'#$i')ri()r (#=a(i.

F)r*!(a &i$ #&i"'!( pr#')r!(!i p#$'r! a")r&ar#a p)#i!$ii a,#rii !""#)ra(# &!p

'#'a*#$' 6secundum ta'ulas testamenti #'# "i'a' Ci"#r) 6%$ V#rr#*4 II4 I4 0B

Di de $ereditate am'igetur at ta'ulae testamenti o'signatae non minus multis signis

-uam e lege oportet ad me pro#erentur) secundum ta'ulas testamenti pottisimum

possessionem da'o: $ "a@!( %$ "ar# #>i' (i'i=i! "! pri,ir# (a 7#r#&i'a'# 5i *i # pr#@i$'

'a(#(# "#ra'# a(# '#'a*#$'!(!i4 i=i(a'# "! !$ $!*r i=i(ii $! *ai *i" "' "#r# (#=#a4

,)i a")r&a p)#i!$#a !$!ri()r "#(!i "ar# #'# "#( *ai %$&r#p'i' 6Ci"#r)4 $ V#rr#* II4 I4

11+4 $# p!$# " a"#' #&i"' 'r#"#a (a pr#')r (a pr#')r 6#ra !$ #&i"' 'ra$(a'i"i! 5i #ra

'ra&ii)$a(. Ur*a #&i"'!(B Di ta'ulae testamenti non pro#erentur.... &a" $! # pr#@i$'

'a(#(# "#ra'# a(# !$!i '#'a*#$'....+2.

,. T"s&a)"#&' $# %r"p&' i)p"ria'

T#'a*#$'!( calatis comitiis#ra %$ !#'!&i$# %$" (a /r5i'!( R#p!(i"ii iar "#(

per aes et li'ram &ipar# 5i #( (a %$"#p!'!( D)*i$a'!(!i4 *ai *!(i /a"')ri ")$'ri!i$& (a

a"#a'aB pa'r!$r#a #(#*#$'#()r pr),i$"ia(# %$ &r#p'!( r)*a$"a !r*ar#a ConstitutioEntoninianaK #&i"' &a' Cara"a((a %$ 2124 ) ")$'i'!i# &a' S#,#r! A(#>a$r 6222:

230 "# p#r*i'#a '#'ar#a %$ =r#a"4 i$iia(4 &a" $! p#$'r! %$'r#=!( i*p#ri!4 "#( p!i$ p#$'r!

par'#a a )ri#$'a( 5i ) (#=#4 &i$ "ar# $! $#:a! par,#$i' "' 'r#i /ra=*#$'#4 &a'

C)$'a$'i$ "#( T$r 633+:3- &i$ "ar#4 p# ($=a !pri*ar#a a$!*i')r /)r*a(i'i a/#r#$'#

%$')"*irii '#'a*#$'!(!i4 r#i## a)(ir#a (#=i(a'i,a a mancipatio #amiliae"a !$ /ap' %*p(i$i'

K pri$ i$'#r*#&i!( !$#i (#=i a$'#ri)ar# pr)ai( &i$'r# a$ii 32:32;.

I$iia( ')'!( # r#&!"#a (a !#'!&i$#a '#'a*#$'!(!iper aes et li'ram5i pr#,a(#$a/)r*#i pr#')ri#$#.

P# a(' par'#4 ar# ()" ) /!@i!$# %$'r# &r#p'!( "i,i( 5i &r#p'!( pr#')ria$4 pri$ &ipariia

pr)"#&!rii /)r*!(ar# "ar# #'# %$()"!i' )


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'#'a*#$'!( pr#')ria$ # /a"# "! 5ap'# *ar')ri iar "#( "i,i( "! "i$"i4 %$ a('# (#=i # ,)r#5'#

$#&i/#r#$ia' septum testium &el -uin-ue.

F)ar'# p!i$ a i$),a' I!'i$ia$ %$ a"#a' *a'#ri#4 (#=#a /!$&a*#$'a( r*$# %$"

N),.T7.1; &a' T7#)&)i! 5i Va(#$'i$ia$ "# i$'r)&!"# !$ r#=i* !$i'ar 6")$&iii(#

##$ia(# i*p!# #ra! pr#@#$a a 5ap'# *ar')ri 5i !$i'a'#a a"'!(!i4 pr#(!a' a"#'a %$

C)>4 (#=# "ar# (a r$&!( #i # %$"ri# %$ (i*i'#(# 'ra&ii#i pr#"#$'#. T)'!5i %$ a"#a'

p#ri)a& /)r*a( # &!"# (a "ap' pr)"#!( !$i/i"ar# 5i p5ir# a &!a(i*!(!i &i$'r#

&r#p'!( "i,i( 5i "#( pr#')ria$4 pr)"# "ar# %$ /)$& a,!## ()" *ai ,r#*#.

S#*$i/i"aia "(ai" a &!a(i*!(!i &ipar# "a !r*ar# a !$!'ii &ip)@iii()r

Pri*#(# &)! ri, &ir#"' &i$ '#'a*#$'!(per aes et li'rami*p(i/i"a'B !$!( )ra(

$!*i' '#'a*#$'!( $!$"!pa'i, 5i !$!( "ri4 '#'a*#$'!( 'ripar'i'. La a"#'#a4 "# pr),i$ &i$

,#"7i!( '#'a*#$' &r#p' "i,i(4 # a&a!= !$ $)! 'ip '#'a*#$'4 '#'a*#$'!( )()=ra/4 "# :

a !"!ra' &)ar ) #>i'#$ 5i ) ,a(i&i'a'# r#'$. A( pa'r!(#a 'ip '#'a*#$' #'# "#(

p!(i"4 apud acta4 "ar# #'# /"!' %$ /aa !$!i *a=i'ra'+3.

a+ T#sta!#nt% nn$,ati/

A"#a' /)r* '#'a*#$' ")$'a i$iia( %$'r:) "(arai# ,#ra( /"!' (a 5ap'#

*ar')ri K "#i "i$"i *ar')ri (a *a$"ipai!$#4 "#'#$i r)*a$! p!#ri4 !$ li'ripeuns 5i !$

emptor #amiliae. La /#( "a 5i %$ ,#"7#a /)r* '#'a*#$' per aes et li'ram) %$ /aa a"#')r

*ar')ri '#'a')r!( *a$"ipa pa'ri*)$i!( !4 %$ pr#"i@a " emptor #amiliae #'# &)ar

#>#"!')r!( ! '#'a*#$'ar 5i:i i$&i"a $!*#(# a,ra'!(!i *)5'#$i')r 5i *)&a(i'i(#

/i$ir# a !""#i!$ii "'r# a"#'a4 pr#"!* 5i a('# "(araii !('i* ,)i$ "ar# 'r#!ia!

&!# (a %$p(i$ir# 6i$'i'!ir#a '!')ri4 @r)iri4 a$!*i'# (#=a'#4 #'".

A"#a' "(arai#4 i$iia( )ra(4 a /)' !('#ri)r ")$#*$a' p# '(i# "#ra'# 6ta'ulae

testamenti,4 iar *ar')rii i5i p!$#a! p#"#i(# p# a"#'# 'a(#.

D#"(araia )(#*$ pri$ "ar# '#'a')r!( "(ara " '(i#(# r#p#"'i,# "!pri$ ,)i$a

(!i # $!*#a!mancipatio. Hrai# #i4 $!*#(# a,ra'!(!i *)5'#$i')r $! # a/(a "' &!p

"#!( '#'a')r!(!i4 iar "!*pr')r!( /i"'i, 6emptor #amiliae # )(i=a 'ra$*i'

+3Cri'i$#( M!r@#a4 op. cit.)p. 1;;

1


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pa'ri*)$i!( !""#)ra( "'r# *)5'#$i')r!( i$'i'!i'4 a"#a' )(i=ai# /ii$& a$"i)$a' 5i pri$

*i

A"#a' /)r* '#'a*#$' a a,!' ) #>i'#$ 5i ) ap(i"ai(i'a'# %$(!$=a'# %$ ,iaa

)"ia( 5i

!$i'a'#a a"'!(!i uno contetu4 '#'a*#$'!( /ii$& /"!' una codem-ue die et tempore &i$

&r#p'!( pr#')ria$ :a (!a' $!*r!( *ar')ri()r 5i p#"#i(# &i$ &r#p'!( i*p#ria( :a (!a'!"ri#r#a *ar')ri()r 5i a '#'a')r!(!i. Du'scriptio # p!$#a %$ i$'#ri)r!( a"'!(!i !

#*$'!ra '#'a')r!(!i 5i $! ")$'a $!*ai i$'r:) i*p( i"(i'!r4 "i # a("'!ia &i$'r:) /ra@

%$ "ar# /i=!ra 5i "!,$'!(su'cripsi75.

A"#' '#'a*#$' $! # *ai /"#a ! /)r*a 'a(#()r "#ar "i # 'r#"!#4 *ai a(# %$

Ori#$'4 (a a('/#( *a'#ria( "ri 5i a$!*# papir! a! p#r=a*#$'. N! # *ai p)'ri,#a!

"i /)r*a(i'i(# i*p!# (a ")*p!$#r#a *a'#ria( a a"'!(!i4 /)r*a(i'i pr#"ri# a"#(

#$a'!")$!(' a (!i N#r)4 "ar# pri,#a! 'a(#(# "#ar. T#'a*#$'!( # p!'#a /a"# a"!*r!()!. E( $! *ai "#r# &)! /## #>'#r$# r#@#r,a'# $!*ai i"(i'!ri()r.

D#i=!r "a '#'a*#$'!( # p)a'# "i'i *ar')ri()r4 &ar # p!'#a i$# 5i #"r#'. E( # p!'#a

pr#@#$'a a"#')ra %$r)(a' !( a'' "' #ra "ri 5i p#"#i(# #ra! p!# %$ reli-ua parte) a&i" /r

"a *ar')rii ,a& ")$i$!'!( a"'!(!i.

D!p "# '#'a*#$'!( #'# 'r$4 *ar')rii p!$ p#"#i(# ()r a'/#( "a :( %$"7i& 5i p#

($=a p#"#i "ri! $!*#(# ()r ! /)r*a a"#a'aB Titius testamentum ae&ii signa&i. A"#'a

#'#su'scriptio) adscriptio

. Da" '#'a')r!( $! 5'i# "ri#4 # ")$,)a" !$ a( )p'(#a *ar')r.S!"ri#r#a *ar')ri()r # "#r!' ) C)$'i'!i!$# a (!i Ar"a&i 5i )$)ri! a"##a a

'#'a')r!(!i apar# %$ C)$'i'!i!$#a &i$ 39+;.

T#'a*#$'!( p!'#a /i /"!' %$ (i*a (a'i$ a! =r#a" iar p#$'r! a /i ,a(ai( 4 $! #ra

$#,)i# p)ar'# ) a$!*i' &a'.

+Ni")(a# Hra&i$ar!4 F()ri$ia Ci)r"!4 Cri'ia$ H(#a$!4/rept pri&at roman4 Pi'#5'i4 E&i'!ra I$p#$$aE")$)*i"4 2--84 p. 113+0

I.C.C'!$#a$!4 Curs elementar de drept roman4 E&iia a:III:a4 G!"!r#5'i4 E&i'!ra Car'#a R)*$#a"4 192+4p. 0-+;Ni")(ai C)r)a$!) op. cit.4 p. 8

2


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$+ T#sta!#nt% o%o7ra-

T#'a*#$'!( )()=ra/ #ra "ri i$'#=ra( &ip!$')r4 /r a /i $#"#ar pr#@#$a

*ar')ri()r. U$ '#'a*#$' )()=ra/ /r *ar')ri pr#@#$i $!*ai "! ")$&iia /i# "ri %$'r#= '#'a')r4 r#"!$)"!' Va(#$'i$ia$ III4 $:a 'r#"!' %$ &r#p'!( (!i I!'i$ia$ "' "a par'a<

a"#$$' #'# ai"i !$ *)'i, "(ar )r&i$ p)(i'i"B pri$ par'a< a"#$$'4 a,#r#a # %*par'#

%$'r# $eredes suuiK "i r*$# %$ /a*i(i#. E'# #>p(i"ai( "#4 &!p C)$'a$'i$4 a"#a'

/)r* a /)' /a,)ri@a' pri$ %$(a'!rar#a *ar')ri()r++.

S! a"#a' /)r*4 '#'a*#$'!( )()=ra/ $! ar# $#,)i# /i# a!'#$'i/i"a' #*$'!ri(#

*ar')ri()r4 /ap'!( " #'# "ri %$ ')'a(i'a'# *$a '#'a')r!(!i /ii$& ) &),a& !/i"i#$' a

,)i$#i a(#. A"#a' /)r* '#'a*#$' a /)' $!*i' a!')rii "# a! '!&ia':) testamentum

parentis inter li'eros.

Va(#$'i$ia$! a "i " &a" '#'a*#$'#(# !$' "ri# %$ ')'a(i'a'# *$a

'#'a')r!(!i4 pr#@#$a *ar')ri()r $! *ai #'# $#"#ar.

T#'a*#$'!( )()=ra/ a( (!i Va(#$'i$ia$! a(:III:(#a i $! #'# i$"(! %$ Corpus iuris

ci&ilis)pri$e %omana Furgundionum 0.14 %$ O""i$' & $a5'#r# '#'a*#$'!(!i )()=ra/ "#

,a 'r#"# !('#ri)r %$ (#=i(aii(# *)r$#.

d+ T#sta!#nt% ,%i$

T#'a*#$'!( p!(i"4 testamentum apud acta conditium) a /)' r#"!$)"!' )

")$'i'!i!$# a (!i T7#)&)i! 5i )$)ri! (a 13 &.r. T#'a*#$'!( p!(i" #'# ) "(arai#

,#ra( /"!' %$ai$'#a a!')ri'ii()r

# a")r&a pri,i(#

i*p#ria(#. A"#'a #'# !$i"!( "a@ %$ "ar# # a&*i'#a "a '#'a*#$'!( /i# ")$


44/87


A"#'# /)r*# '#'a*#$' par a /i a,!' ) #>i'#$ #>"(!i, )ri#$'a(4 $#($& $i"i )

!r* %$ &r#p'!( $)'r! *)r$+9.

-. T"s&a)"#&"'" "9&ra(r%i#ar"

$ !('i*a p#ri)a& a &r#p'!(!i r)*a$4 p# ($= /)r*#(# )i5$!i'# '#'a*#$'#4 a!

/)' r#"!$)"!'# a$!*i'# /)r*# p#"ia(#4 ap(i"ai(# "#()r "ar# # a/( %$ a$!*i'# i'!aii a!

"ar# &ip!$ pa'ri*)$i!( ()r4 mortis causa4 %$'r:!$ a$!*i' *)&.

N!*#r)a# ")$'i'!i!$i a(# %*prai()r :a! )"!pa' '#'a*#$'4 /)r*a p# "ar# )

%*ra" '#'a*#$'#(# /ii$& !$ *ipri*a'# "(araii(#

!('i* ,)i$ 6i$"ripi)$a'# "'r# )(&aii *!ri!$@i a! r$ii pr#"!* "#(# p# "ar#4

eempli gratia4 (# r#pr)&!"#* ai"iB

i$"ripii(# p# p*$'4 p# $iip4 p# p#r#i4 /"!'# "! *i


45/87


N! # ap(i"a a"#')r a"'# r#=!(a nemo partim testatus4 $! (i # ap(i" -uerela) #

p#r*i'# i$#rar#a '#r*#$!(!i "#r' 5i a ")$&ii!$ii r#@)(!')rii4 i$'i'!ir#a !$!i i$"apai(4

$#r#p#"'ar#a L#=ii Fa("i&ia4 !pra,#$ir#a !$!i postum r*$# /r #/#"'4 #'". C! ')'!(

#>"#pi)$a( a$!*# (!"r!ri $! !$' %$=&!i'#4 #>. (ar#a !$!i (#=a' poenae nomine4

i$'i'!ir#a !$#i p#r)a$# incerta)&ip!$#r#a pri$ (#=a' /)$&!( &)'a( i'a(i"4 @r)ir#a !$!i

"(a, %$ /ra!&a "r#&i')ri()r 6a/ar $!*ai &a" "(a,!( #ra a(# p#$'r! a # a,#a a'/#( !$ $eres

necessarius81.

U$ii a!')ri ")$ir " *)'i,!( p#$'r! "ar# a"'#(# !('i* ,)i$ i$')"*i'#

*i(i'ari a! /)' "!'i'# !$#(# /)r*a(i'i $! #'# i=$)ra$a )(&ai()r4 "i pri$ &ip#$#(#

a")r&a'# i$"#p$& "! Ca#ar 5i Traia$ # $)' "(ar i$'#$ia a "ap'a !$a,)i$a

*i(i'ari()r. Ei i5i %$'#*#ia@ p)@iia p# !r*a')ar#(# ar=!*#$'#B

&ip#$a /)r* #ra a")r&a' a'' %$ castris "' 5i %$ 'i*p pa"#4 p#$'r! ')i "#i

%$")rp)rai. Mai *!('B '#'a*#$'!( %$')"*i' %$ai$'# a &)$&i "a(i'a'#a )(&a' p)a'#

/i# )")'i' "a !$!( /"!' %$ 'i*p!( #r,i"i!(!i ar*a'4 &a" &ip!$')r!( &)r#5'# a"#' (!"r!.

A"'!( #ra ,a(ai( !$ a$ @i(# (a i#5ir#a &i$ ar*a'4 "! ")$&iia "a p(#"ar#a $! # /i

/"!' &i$'r:) "a!@ *ai p!i$ )$)rai(

"apii )5'irii #ra! &ip#$ai i a,#a! %$ *)& "(ar *ai *!(' #>p#ri#$ "'pagani

%$(#$iri(# $! #>i'a! %$ 'i*p!( R#p!(i"ii4 apr$& $!*ai "$& Ca#ar a /)()i' ar*a'a

p#$'r! a a""# (a ")$&!"#r#

%$ /i$#4 pri,i(#=ii(# # r#/#r 5i (a /)$&4 $! $!*ai (a /)r* K ) /a,)ar# "(ar4 %$ )pi$ia ()r.

$ ##$ "i4 *i(i'arii p!'#a! '#'a /r a i$# #a*a ")$&iii(# /)$& 5i /)r*

i*p!# %$ *)& $)r*a( "! i$=!ra ")$&ii# "a *a$i/#'ar#a ()r ,)i$ p)a' /i pr)a'.

I!'i$ia$ r#'r$=# &ip#$#(# a")r&a'# *i(i'ari()r (a *)*#$'#(# %$ "ar# !$' %$

#>p#&ii#. C! ')a'# a"#'#a4

Mi(i'arii p)' i5i /a" !$ '#'a*#$' ,a(ai(4 "7iar /r a a,#a $!*r!( (#=a( *ar')ri 5i /r r#p#"'ar#a )ri"r)r a(')r )(#*$i'i4 "! ")$&iia # =#a" ! ar*#.

A5a&ar4 %$ )ri"# *)& 5i:ar /i *a$i/#'a' )'a5!( !('i*a a ,)i$4 %$ "ri a! )ra(4 '#'a*#$'!(

#'# ,a(ai(4 %$'r!"' #>pri* pr)pria:i ,)i$. Da" %$ )'a5ii # =#" %$ a('# ()"!ri4 &ar

$! p# "*p!( (!p' a! (a &)*i"i(i!( ()r4 $! p)' #$#/i"ia !$ a'/#( pri,i(#=i!.

i /iii /a*i(i# p)' :5i %$')"*#a" !$ '#'a*#$'4 &a" !$' )'a5i4 &ar $!*ai &!p

&r#p'!( ")*!$ 5i "! )(i=aia a %$p(i$i a"#(##a5i /)r*a(i'i "a 5i "i,i(ii.

81C. S')i"#"!4 op. cit.4 p. --82Mir"#a Da$ G)"5a$4 op. cit.4 p .-

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pr# a "r!i *)5'#$ir# #'# ,)ra4 "7#a* "i,a "a*ara@i %$ai$'#a "r)ra :5i

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p)a'# p!$# " # ,)ra pr# !$ '#'a*#$' )ra(4 5i %$ ")$#"i$ ,)i$a a %i /i# r#p#"'a'.

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i# %i (a a,#r#a *#a4 a"#a' "(arai# $! 'r#!i# pri,i' "a '#'a*#$'. i #'# %$ i$'#r#!(

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a!@i' p!$$& "a 5i:a (a' a,#r#a "!i,a p# "ar# #(# %$ ,)r4 5i pri$ a"#a'a4 a,ra'a i$'#$i# a

'#'a')r!(!i /i# /a(i/i"a'.

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