studiu_piata de ski la nivel mondial-model cuprins

8/13/2019 Studiu_piata de Ski La Nivel Mondial-model Cuprins

1/100

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

Laurent VanatConsultant19, MargelleCH-1224 Genve

Tel / fax / messagerie :(41! "22 #49 $4 4"Courriel : vanat%vanat&')nternet : ***&vanat&'

2013 InternationalReport on Snow &Mountain Tourism

Overview of the ke in!ustrfi"ures for ski resorts

+ril 2"1#


2/100

2"1# )nternational eort on .no* Mountain Tourism - 0vervie* of te e in3ustr figures for si resorts+ril 2"1#

# 2 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

Ta$le of %ontents

)ntro3u'tion &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - -Glossar &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 5 -Te *orl3 si maret &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 6 -

7arti'iating 'ountries&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 6 -.i resorts an3 infrastru'ture &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - $ -8volution of *orl3*i3e sier visits &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 1" -Maret s(are of *orl3*i3e sier visits &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 11 -.iers er region of origin &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 11 -uture tren3s in maret s(are &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 1# -Comarative e figures&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 1# -General en'(maring &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 1$ -Te +ls &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 2" -

+ustria &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 2" -ran'e &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 22 -)tal &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 2# -.*it;erlan3 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 2 -


3/100


# 3 #

>raine &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 59 -Te +meri'as &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 62 -

+rgentina &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 62 -Cana3a &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 64 -C(ile &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 65 ->nite3 .tates &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 6$ -

+sia an3 7a'ifi' &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - $1 -+ustralia &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - $1 -C(ina &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - $# -)n3ia &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - $ -Baan &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - $6 -=e* ealan3 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - $$ -.out( ?orea&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 9" -

Darious &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 9# -Aesot(o &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 9# -.out( +fri'a &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 94 -

Con'lusion &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 95 -

.our'es an3 a'no*le3gments &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& - 9$ -


4/100


# #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

Laurent Vanat is an in3een3ent 'onsultant *it( sills as a generalra'titioner an3 a se'ialist& niversit of Geneva, (e (as over 2 earsof rofessional exerien'e as ot( a usiness 'onsultant an3 a seniorexe'utive in uer management& He ossesses exe'utive exerien'e in

sales, finan'e an3 general management on t(e one (an3, an3 a3vises'omanies an3 organi;ations of all (ori;ons on t(e ot(er& T(is roa3exerien'e means t(at Mr& Danat is *ell a'Fuainte3 *it( numerousin3ustries&

Heavil involve3 in t(e tourism, (ositalit / leisure in3ustr, Mr& Danat(as 'losel follo*e3 t(e si area in3ustr for several ears& uring sev-eral ears, (e ulis(e3 a 'omre(ensive overvie* of t(e maret& T(isreort too a roa3 aroa'( to examining t(e 8uroean an3


5/100


# ' #

Intro!u%tion

@ exan3ing te s'oe of tis reort, *i' inten3s to soon rovi3efull 'overage of ever si 'ountr, several non-mountainous 3estina-tions ave no* een in'lu3e3& Tis reFuire3 re'onsi3ering te title ofte reort, *i' as een sligtl mo3ifie3 to tae non-mountainous 'ountries into 'onsi3eration& Te title is no* te In#ternational Report on Snow & Mountain Tourisman3 featuresan a33itional set of ne* 'ountries su' as Crus, 8stonia, Aesoto,Aatvia, Aituania, Ma'e3onia, Montenegro, .eria an3 te >nite3?ing3om&

)n tis te3ition, as *it rior e3itions, te otion of u3ating an3a33ing ne* information to te original 3o'ument *ill 'ontinue in or-

3er to rovi3e a 'omreensive an3 reliale referen'e, rater tanlimiting te exer'ise to siml ulising u3ates& )n fa't, te goal oftis 3o'ument is to e te in3ustr referen'e&

Terefore, rea3ers of former e3itions soul3 e a*are tat some3ata ma ave een amen3e3, *it te goal of al*as seeing toimrove te a''ura' of tis reort& Te 3ata is 'onstantl eing u-3ate3 3een3ing on ne* statisti's ma3e availale&


6/100


# ( #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

)lossar

*lpine %ountr: tose 'ountries tat are art of te 8uroean +ls (+ustria,ran'e, )tal an3 .*it;erlan3!&

+RM,Customer elationsi ManagementI an information sstem tat enales tere'or3ing of 'ustomer 3ata an3 ersonali;e3 follo* u&

-IS, )nternational .i e3eration, ase3 in .*it;erlan3& )t *as foun3e3 in 1924an3 no* 'omrises 1"6 national si asso'iations& )ts mission is to romote an33ire't te 3eveloment of si an3 sno*oar3ing a'tivities *orl3*i3e, an3 monitor'ometition&

.ourl lift output /skiershour,Te manufa'turerEs rate3 numer of sierser our a lift 'an transort to te to of te lift& Total 'ountr 'aa'it is te sumof all te in3ivi3ual lift 'aa'ities&

um$er of skiers transporte! per ear,Meant numer of assengerstransorte3 er liftI one sier taing te same lift times a''ounts for sierstransorte3, also referre3 to as freFuen'ies&

ational parti%ipation rate,siers as a er'entage of te total 'ountr oula-tion&

Ski area,a 3esignate3 la'e *ere one sis (in some 'ountries, tese areas ma

not ave lifts!&

Ski resort,+ si resort is 'onsi3ere3 as an organi;e3 si area *it more tan fourlifts&

Skier visits /or skier#!as,0ne erson visiting a si area for all or an art ofa 3a or nigt for te urose of siing, sno*oar3ing, or oter 3o*nill sli3ing&.ier visits in'lu3e full-3a, alf-3a, nigt, 'omlimentar, a3ult, 'il3, seasonass an3 an oter te of ti'et tat gives a sier/sno*oar3er te use of anareaJs fa'ilities& + sier siing for a *ole *ee in a resort a''ounts for 6 siervisits for instan'e&

Skier,0ne erson arti'iating in siing, sno*oar3ing or oter 3o*nill sli3ing,in3een3ent of te rate of ra'ti'e&

Verti%al Transport Meters per .our /VTM.,7ro3u't of ea' in3ivi3ual liftEsourl 'aa'it multilie3 te verti'al 3ro (te figure is usuall exresse3 intousan3s!&


7/100


# #

The worl! ski market

4arti%ipatin" %ountries

0ne 'onsi3ers tat tere are aout $" 'ountries in te *orl3 *eresiing is an a'tivit& +mong tese, rougl 6" 'ountries offer oen airsi areas, te alan'e aving onl in3oor fa'ilities1& 8ven if sno*fiel3s are mu' more numerous2, aout 2E""" si resorts ave eeni3entifie3 *orl3*i3e& @esi3es te maor si 3estinations in terms ofvisits, so*n in lue on te ma elo*, tere are a numer of oter,smaller 3estinations, *ere siing as een an in3ustr for a longtime, or is 'urrentl 3eveloing& Te most ovious ne* 3estinationsare 8astern 8uroe an3 Cina, ut tere are a numer of oter smalllaers, srea3 out a'ross te gloe: +lgeria, Crus, Gree'e, )n3ia,)ran, )srael, Aeanon, Aesoto, Moro''o, =e* ealan3, 7aistan,.out +fri'a, Ture an3 man more&

Te in3ustr 'urrentl offers aout 5 million 'ommer'ial e3s in temountains& Tese are rimaril 'on'entrate3 in te in3ustriali;e3simarets, *i' ave a ig volume of sier visits&

1Tere are aout 5" in3oor sno* 'enters oerating in 2 'ountries aroun3 te *orl328stimate is J""" to 5J""" 3esignate3 areas for siing


8/100


# 5 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

Ski resorts an! infrastru%ture

@ase3 on te latest situation, te e figures for si resorts an3 teireFuiment are resente3 in follo*ing tales&

6istri$ution of thenum$er of ski resortsworl!wi!e /27110resorts: More tanone tir3 of all si re-sorts are lo'ate3 in te+ls#&

*sia &4a%ifi%189

Various09

*meri%a

219

:ast129

:urope139

*lps3'9

6istri$ution of thenum$er of liftsworl!wi!e /2(7518lifts,Te numer of

lifts emasi;es te*eigt of te +ls inte in3ustr&

Various09

*sia &4a%ifi%19 *lps

389

:urope19

:ast19

*meri%a1(9

6istri$ution of thenum$er of ma;or re#

sorts worl!wi!e /5resorts,Tere are alimite3 numer of maorresorts *orl3*i3e4&More tan 6K of temare lo'ate3 in te +ls&

*meri%a19


9/100


# 8 #

Te maor si resorts *orl3*i3e ave een rane3 elo* on te a-sis of teir average annual sier visits3uring te last fe* *interseasons&

Most of te in3ustr is 'on'entrate3 aroun3 te resorts tat generatemore tan 1""E""" sier visits er ear& 8ven if te onl a''ount for2"K of te resorts, te a''ount for $"K of all sier visits&

+ltoug often imortant at a regional level, te altitu3e of a si re-

sort is not reall an imortant en'mar *orl3*i3e, sin'e at some7uli'i;e3 3ata or estimates *en reFuire3&

-i"ure 1, Top worl! resorts in millions of skier visits

0=0 0=' 1=0 1=' 2=0 2=' 3=0

La 4la"neSkiit@$uehlIs%h"lSamnaun Silvretta

Saal$a%h .inter"lemm Leo"an"LA*lpe !A.ue@

lostersCermatt

Bre%kenri!"eSerre#+hevallier

MammothVail

+hamoniDSt= Morit@

*!el$o!en#Lenk4lanai#.o%hwur@en#.auser#

Val !AIsEreLes 6euD#*lpes

-laine#Morillon#Samoens#SiDt

Serfaus#-iss#La!isCillertalarenaSt= *ntonSt=

Fun"fraure"ion*lta Ba!ia

>estoneVer$ier*voria@

)staa!#Re"ionGre

+ortina !A*mpe@@oM?ri$el

Steam$oat>illin"ton

.o%h@illertal#.o%hfue"en#+opper Mountain

Sierra eva!a


10/100


# 10 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

la'es aroun3 te gloe one 'an si at sea level, *ereas in oter'ountries, one nee3s to e at te iger elevations to a''ess 3e'entsno* 'on3itions&

:volution of worl!wi!e skier visits

+ltoug 3ata 'olle'tion *itin te in3ustr is not al*as *ell orga-ni;e3 an3 earl numer of visits ma var 3ue to *eater 'on3i-tions, for several ears te estimate as een an overall 3ra* of a-roximatel 4"" million sier visits *orl3*i3e5& Te assumtion istat figures ave een stale over te last 1" ears, as maor maturemarets exerien'e3 re3u'e3 gro*t (*en not exerien'ing a 3ra-mati' 3e'line as *it Baan!, *ile oter marets *ere emerging&

Te 'art elo* aears to 'onfirm tis assume3 tren3, an3 refle'tste evolution of sier visits in tose 'ountries 'onsi3ere3 to e alarge samle6of te most signifi'ant in3ustr laers over te last3e'a3e&

5)n'lu3ing visitors to in3oor si 'enters&6Tis samle refers to te 'ountries *ere sier visits are measure3 an3 uli'i;e3 on a earl asis& )nsite of te ver reresentative samle, it is of 'ourse not a 'omreensive samle of all 'ountries *itsi areas&

-i"ure 2, :volution of skier visits in millions

0

'0

100

1'0

200

2'0

300

3'0

00

2000#01

2001#02

2002#03

2003#0&

200'

200'#0(

200(#0

200#05

2005#08

2008#10

2010#11

2011#12

Swe!en

Spain

Slovenia

orwa

ew Cealan!

>oreaH South

)erman

-inlan!

+hina

*ustralia

*n!orra

nite! States

Swit@erlan!

Fapan

Ital-ran%e

+ana!a

*ustria


11/100


12/100


# 12 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

e at 11 million9an3 seems to e gro*ing over te long term1"&+ltoug some 'ountries ave no si areas (in some instan'es onlsi 3omes!, te ave siers *o si aroa3& or examle, tis is te'ase *it te =eterlan3s, *i' a''ounts for more tan 1 millionoutoun3 siers&

:ast139

*sia &4a%ifi%209

Various19

*meri%a189

:urope29

*lps209

Tis 'art, 'omaring to sier visits, 'learl so*s te regions tatare exorters of siers an3 tose tat are re'iients& Te +ls is temost internationall visite3 si 3estination, attra'ting most of teinoun3 sier travel& 8ven toug it osts 44K of sier visits, it onlro3u'es 2"K of te siers& =o oter region as su' a ig roor-tion of foreign visitors& Ti'all for +meri'a, its sare of *orl3*i3esier visits rougl mat'es its sare of siers&

Te international flo* of siers is rimaril 'on'entrate3 *itin 8u-roe& or instan'e, overseas siers reresente3 onl #&1K of total

sier visits to >&.& si resorts in 2""6/"$& Te *eigt of international'ustomers is limite3 for most si 3estination 'ountries& Moreover, teinternational 'at'ment areas are also limite3, 3ue to various fa'torssu' as maret si;e, transortation, travel time an3 'osts, an3 ossi-le saturation of airorts at si 3estinations in 8uroe& 0utoun3 8u-roean marets are not in'reasing ut *ill e srea3 over more 3es-tinations in te future& or instan'e, @ritis 'ustomers familiar *itte +ls an3 +n3orra no* also ave oter 3estinations to 'oose

9.in'e te 2"1" e3ition of tis reort, some imortant marets ro3u'e3 more reliale figures, orrevise3 figures of revious estimates for national siers& Tus te 'ange 'omare3 to revious ear isnot signifi'ant of a sort term variation&1")nterestingl, tis is not et refle'te3 in te evolution of sier visits, as te arti'iation rate of ne*entrants is still lo*er tan tose of 3e'lining siing oulations&

-i"ure , !istri$ution of skiers $ re"ion of ori"in


13/100


# 13 #

from su' as @ulgaria, omania, .lovaia, et'& )t is also foreseealetat te ne* marets *ill sul temselves at a regional level& Tere'ent gro*t of siing in +sia *ill fee3 resorts in Baan an3 .out?orea, efore eventuall, if ever, enefiting resorts in te 8uroean+ls or =ort +meri'a&

-uture tren!s in market share

)t also aears from figures # an3 4 tat te regions of 8astern 8u-roe an3 +sia 7a'ifi' rovi3e for ##K of te siers *orl3*i3e, utonl ro3u'e, at tis stage, 2#K of sier visits&

Tese regions 'learl reresent te future gro*totential of te maret& @esi3es, a loo at ne*3eliveries of lifts 'onfirms tat 8astern 8uroeanan3 +sian 'ountries are uil3ing u at a igerrate tan te more tra3itional si regions, if tefigures are anal;e3 in relative terms& )n a33ition,*it te ex'etion of one resort in Cana3a11, none* resorts ave een 'reate3 in te tra3itionalmarets&

+ltoug 'onsumtion atterns of siing in 'oun-tries lie Cina still nee3 to e 'onfirme3 on aroa3er s'ale, it is liel tat te 8astern 8uroean an3 +sian mar-ets *ill gro* teir sier visit figures over te ne* 3e'a3e& Te maen3 u rea'ing te *eigt eFuivalent of te oter maor regions interms of siers te ear 2"2"& )f tis gro*t o''urs *itout af-fe'ting sier visits at *estern resorts, an3 rovi3e3 te fin3 a3e-Fuate *as to a33ress te generational issue, *orl3*i3e sier visitsma ten in'rease to over 42" million tis 3ate&

+omparative ke fi"ures

Darious organi;ations an3 entities usuall 'olle't si resort 3ata at anational level& Tis information as een 'omile3 to ro3u'e an in-ternational overvie* of te e figures of te in3ustr& or some'ountries, sin'e 3ata is la'ing or in'omlete, some resear' aseen 'on3u'te3 in or3er to eiter 'olle't an3 'onsoli3ate 3etaile3national 3ata or to extraolate figures ase3 on no*n en'mars&

11evelstoe Moutain, Cana3a, oene3 in 2""6 *it a gon3ola an3 a fe* 'airlifts& )ts goal is to offerte greatest lift-serve3 verti'al 3ro in +meri'a& Total fore'aste3 investment is >. 1 illion over 1ears&


14/100


# 1 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

=umerous sour'es *ere 'e'e3 to ensure te most a''urate fig-ures& .ome general information *as also rovi3e3 from gloal 3ire'-tories or statisti's&

+ltoug some 3efinitions ma var from one

'ountr to anoter, te tale resente3 on tefollo*ing ages summari;es some of te e'omarative figures for te in3ustr12& Te arerovi3e3 for a large range of si 'ountries, re-resenting 99K of te total maret in terms ofsier visits& Continuous efforts ave een ma3eto roa3en te s'oe of tis reort&

>n3er te 'ountr revie* se'tion, 'arts areresente3 for tose *ere atten3an'e at si

resorts is measure3 an3 'onsoli3ate3 on aearl asis& 0n te 'arts, in a33ition to earl3ata, te evolution of te ear average as also een in'lu3e3(lue line!& )t els to un3erstan3 te long term tren3 for ea' oftese marets&

2' Jears Of Mo!ern In!oor Snow +enters

2"1# mars 2 ears sin'e te first of te 'urrent mo3ernin3oor sno* 'enters*ere 'reate3&

Tree in3oor sno* 'enters oene3 aroun3 19$$ in +ustralia (Mount Te@arton!,Baan (.i )n Tsu3anuma! an3 in @elgium (.iaan Casalan'a!& >nfortunatel alltree 'enters ave sin'e 'lose3&

8arlier versions of in3oor sno* 'enters 3ate a' to te 192"Es in @erlin an3 Dien-na an3 in te earl 19"Es a 'omlex using 'ruse3 i'e as a sno* surfa'e for artof te ear oene3 in .eiu, Baan& =o* fitte3 *it an artifi'ial sloe surfa'e un-3er te sno*, tis 'omlex 'elerate3 5" ears of oerations in 2"12&

Te longest estalise3 an3 still oerational real sno*in3oor sno* 'entre is gen-erall agree3 to e Tam*ort .no*3ome in te >? *i' oene3 in 199#& )t is 2"

ears ol3 tis ear& + small earlier test fa'ilitat near Telfor3, *i' *asoene3 in 19$9 oerator +'er .no*me' *o as gone on to mae sno* forman of te *orl3Es lea3ing in3oor sno* fa'ilities, also oene3 to te uli' in199# ut as sin'e 'lose3&

0ne of te *orl3Es largest ever in3oor sno* 'enters, te ..+


15/100


# 1' #

+roun3 $" in3oor sno* 'enters ave een uilt in aroximatel #" 'ountries overte ast 2 ears, an3 aroun3 " are still oerational, *it te most (5! in Ger-man, Baan, te =eterlan3s an3 te >?& Te largest in terms of sloe surfa'e

area is .no**orl3 Aan3graaf, in te =eterlan3s, an3 in terms of sloe lengt iste +mneville .no* Hall in ran'e&

.our'e : .no*(unter


16/100


17/100


18/100


# 15 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

)eneral $en%hmarkin"

Te >nite3 .tates, Baan an3 ran'e ave te most ski resorts,*it more tan 2"" ea'& )f German also so*s a signifi'ant num-er of si areas, most of tem are ver small ones tat are not 'on-si3ere3 si resorts un3er te 3efinition use3 in tis reort& 0nl +us-tria an3 ran'e ave more tan 1" resorts tat generate over 1 mil-lion sier visits er season&

ran'e, +ustria an3 te >nite3 .tates to te list of 'ountries *itte most lifts, *it aout #E""" ea'& Te are also te 'ountriesosting te igest total skier visitfigures, *it more tan " mil-lion ea', an3 te >nite3 .tates rans first on a ear average&Ho*ever, ran'e is 'lose ein3 an3 ma soon e near or at te

same level&

Te intro3u'tion of .out ?orean 3ata in te en'maring talerovi3es a ne* re'or3 reaing figure as far as skier visits pro#!u%e! per liftis 'on'erne3, *it 4#E9$2 sier visits generate3 erlift er season& Te numer of sier visits er lift is also iger inCana3a an3 te >nite3 .tates tan in te oter 'ountries, so*ingte 3ifferen'e in te usiness mo3el from tat in 8uroe, *ere anemasis is la'e3 on lift me'ani's an3 soisti'ate3 infrastru'ture&

nite3 .tates, German an3 ran'e a''ount for teigest num$er of national skiers, *it aroun3 12 million ea'&

ran'e, te >nite3 .tates an3 .ain are te %ountries with themost forei"n tourists, ut it is onl in ran'e tat te rovi3e anoti'eale enefit to si resorts& Most foreign visitors, o*ever, 3onot 'ome for te urose of siing& or te 2 oter 'ountries, foreigntourists onl marginall 'ontriute to te numer of visits to si re-sorts&

)n nearl ever 'ountr, te main ortion of sier visits 'onsists of3omesti' siers& Tere are onl # 'ountries *orl3*i3e *ere inter#national %ustomersreresents at least alf, if not more, of sier


19/100


# 18 #

visits& )n +n3orra, +ustria an3 .*it;erlan3, foreign 'ustomers rere-sent et*een "K an3 9K of all sier visits& @esi3es osting a re'-or3 roortion of foreign sier visits, tese 'ountries also ave teigest ratio of skier visits per inha$itant an! per forei"n visi#torof te samle, *it more tan 1 an3 1&1 visits rese'tivel,

'learl so*ing te imortan'e of *inter tourism&


20/100


# 20 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

The *lps

*ustria

5 illion sent sin'e ear 2""", te +ustrian oeratorsave een massivel investing over te last fe* ears, so*ing temost u3ate3 lift infrastru'ture of te in3ustr& To some extent, or*en measure3 to oter 'ountriesE stan3ar3s, te infrastru'ture insome la'es even ten3s to e luxurious, *it eFuiment su' as $-seaters 3eta'ale 'airlifts *it eate3 seats, ules an3 un3er-

groun3 aring& Te in3ustr no* also 'overs 6"K ofte sloes *it sno*maing1$& )t is *ort noting tatte e'onomi' sustainailit of su' a ig level of in-vestment is still 3iffi'ult to 3emonstrate, *en moretan "K of revenues ave een reinveste3 for several'onse'utive ears&

or te oserver, tere is a ig level of in3ivi3ualitet*een te si resorts, an3 te usiness mo3els of tealine villages so* some arti'ularities& +ustria is te8uroean 'ountr *it te largest otel a''ommo3a-

tion offering& .in'e most of tese otels are famil-o*ne319, te still ave a ver 'onservative aroa' tomareting, ut enefit from loal returning 'ustomers&Tis seems to e su''essful *it ot te 3omesti' an3te large German an3 ut' 'ustomer ase (rese'-tivel 2#K, 4"K an3 9K of overnigt stas2"!& )n fa't,te 'ountr is a ig imorter of siersI most of its siervisits are generate3 foreign tourists& +noter tra3i-tional 'ustomer ase is via @ritis tour oerators&

+ 'oule of +ustrian resorts ave a ver strong maretositioning& .ome, altoug not 'onne'te3, ave ointmareting efforts, so*ing an examle of a ne* 3nami'& esitete fa't tat it is not ossile to si et*een ea' of te resorts, teenefits of using tis 'ommon ran3 ave aeare3, for instan'e allo*ing iger ri'ing an3 oint a3vertising a'tions&

+ustria is also te onl 'ountr *ere s'ools still go on si *ees ona regular asis& Tis ma e te se'ret to te gro*t in sier visits&

1$+out 8> $"" million ave een investe3 in sno*maing over te last ears19Te same families also often o*n sares in te lift 'omanies2"igures from 2""$/"9 *inter season, .tatisti +ustria


21/100


# 21 #

+ustria exerien'e3 'ontinuous gro*t in sier visits u to te2""$/"9 season&


22/100


# 22 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

Conne'ting te t*o areas is an eigt-seat gon3ola et*een )nnerala' an3 te.'at;erg si area at +uffa' in


23/100


# 23 #

"

1"J"""J"""

2"J"""J"""

#"J"""J"""

4"J"""J"""

"J"""J"""

5"J"""J"""

6"J"""J"""

2

""2-"#

2

""#-"4

2

""4-"

2

""-"5

2

""5-"6

2

""6-"$

2

""$-"9

2

""9-1"

2

"1"-11

2

"11-12

+fter te 2""9/1" an3 2"1"/11 *inters roe *it te long rangeer'eivale tren3 to*ar3s gro*t (ran'e *as one of te rare 'oun-tries still so*ing su' a ten3en' among te maor laers!, te2"11/12 season so*e3 a return to a goo3 level ofsier visits& )t soul3 e igligte3 tat ran'e *as

te onl aline 'ountr to exerien'e gro*t 3uringtis season (4K over te revious ear!&

8ven if te season 3i3 not egin so *ell 3ue to anunfavorale 'alen3ar an3 gloom *eater, eavsno*fall troug mi3-Banuar ensure3 goo3 siing'on3itions& Disits in'rease3 3uring te eruar oli-3as an3 'ontinue3 troug 8aster *eeen3& 8ventoug te =ortern +ls an3 Bura Mountains er-forme3 *ell, some lo*-altitu3e si areas suffere3 inte oter regions&

Ital

+ltoug most of te si resorts are 'on'entrate3 in te norternregions of 7iemonte, Dalle 3E+osta, Aomar3ia, Tretino, +lto +3ige(.N3tirol! an3 Deneto, tere are minor si resorts trougout most ofte 'ountr, in'lu3ing te islan3s of .i'il an3 .ar3inia& Te )talian

si in3ustr is similar to te +ustrian mo3el in te .out Trol an3eastern regions, an3 sares some similarities to te ren' resorts in

-i"ure ( , -ran%eH evolution of skier visits


24/100


# 2 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

te *est& .ome laers are ver 3nami', lie te olomiti .uersiarea, an3 offer a ig level of infrastru'ture an3 state-of-te-art liftsan3 sno*maing fa'ilities un3er a 'ommon ran3 name& Tis a'-aging is, o*ever, forme3 a multitu3e of small oerators& Te

evolution of some oter areas as een slo*er,

'ontriuting to a temorar 3e'line in siervisits&

Te )talian in3ustr is Fuite fragmente3, *itno maor oerator& )t relies rimaril on 3o-mesti' 'ustomers an3 resents te lo*est rateof foreign arti'iants of te aline 'ountries&

rom 2""2 u to 2""9, 2"K of te lifts *ereremove3 an3 a furter 2"K ave een re-

ne*e3, for a total of 44 ne* lifts& +ltoug)talian oerators ave een investing Fuiteeavil over te last 3e'a3e, te atten3an'e

as starte3 to 3e'line& 8ven if tis tren3 reverse3 over a 'oule ofte last fe* seasons, )tal still seems to ave a rater mature maretrofile an3 it is not 'lear if it *ill exerien'e an real gro*t in tefuture& +tten3an'e 3uring te 2"11/12 *inter *as rater oor, as*ere also te *eater 'on3itions at te eginning of te season&

"J"""J"""

1"J"""J"""

1J"""J"""

2"J"""J"""

2J"""J"""

#"J"""J"""

#J"""J"""

2""2

-"#

2""#

-"4

2""4

-"

2""

-"5

2""5

-"6

2""6

-"$

2""$

-"9

2""9

-1"

2"1"

-11

2"11

-12

-i"ure , ItalH evolution of skier visits


25/100


# 2' #

Swit@erlan!

.*it;erlan3 *as, for Fuite some time 3uring te last 'entur, temost *ell-no*n si 3estination in te *orl3, *it some la'es still

garnering lasting re'ognition& Te 'ountr *as also on'e te lea3erin terms of lift infrastru'ture& Ho*ever, te in3ustr lost art of itsluster in te 19$"Es& Too man fragmente3 oerators figting overte same mountains le3 several 'omanies into a oor finan'ial situ-ation& )nvestment as tus slo*e3 3o*n for Fuite some time an3.*it;erlan3 lost art of its aeal to foreign tourists& Tis as noteen ele3 its legen3ar, ut not al*as true, reutation as e-ing an exensive 3estination& )t soul3 neverteless e ointe3 outtat for te last # ears te ex'ange rate et*een te .*iss ran',te 8uro an3 te @ritis 7oun3 *as unfavorale an3 le3 to a revival

of tis reutation for eing exensive&

.*iss si areas ost an imortant foreign 'ustomer ase, ma3e u ofGermans, te @ritis, te ren', )talians an3 +meri'ans21& 0ver telast fe* ears, .anis an3 ussian 'ustomers also in'rease3 teirresen'e&

Te .*iss si in3ustr is fa'ing te 3e-mograi's issue *it te 3omesti' 'us-tomer ase& Te sier visit figures re-

sent a small 3e'line at te eginning ofte 3e'a3e, an3 ten are flat over re-'ent ears, un'tuate3 3o*nturns3ue to a3verse meteorologi'al 'on3i-tions& Te result is a long range 3e'lin-ing tren3&


26/100


# 2( #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

*ees, *it temeratures overing aroun3 minus 1 3egrees Celsi-us& )t rea'e3 a oint *ere te me3ia re'ommen3e3 not going si-ing& 0viousl, te forgot tat su' lo* temeratures are usiness-as-usual for man si areas aroun3 te *orl3 an3 tat existing si'loting 3esign easil 'oes *it su' extreme 'on3itionsP =everte-

less, te 'ollateral 3amage o''urre3 in te form of 'an'elle3 si va-'ations&

"

J"""J"""

1"J"""J"""

1J"""J"""

2"J"""J"""

2J"""J"""

#"J"""J"""

#J"""J"""

2""2

-"#

2""#

-"4

2""4

-"

2""

-"5

2""5

-"6

2""6

-"$

2""$

-"9

2""9

-1"

2"1"

-11

2"11

-12

Te evolution for te future is still un'lear an3 is a 'on'ern for oer-ators& or te time eing, .*iss oerators ave not taen an stronga'tion to anti'iate te ima't of te 3emograi' 'anges in teir'lient ase& .ome 'amaigns *ere laun'e3 3uring te last fe* *in-ters to get 'iti;ens of maor 'ities a'Fuainte3 *it te leasures ofsiing& Darious i3eas are eing stu3ie3 ut 'ustomer no*le3ge stillnee3s to e imrove3 to 3evelo su''essful CM rograms&

urter imrovements to te 'lient exerien'e *ill also ass troug

te mo3erni;ation of art of te aging otel infrastru'ture, *i'offers ver uneFual Fualit 3een3ing on te 3estination& Te in-'rease in te non-siing offer *ill also el te .*iss aline resortsto e more aealing to a larger 'ustomer ase ot in *inter an3 insummer&

-i"ure 5 , Swit@erlan!H evolution of skier visits


27/100


# 2 #


28/100


# 25 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

ue to te uge ortion of international 'ustomers in tenumer of sier visits, +n3orra is te onl 3estination in8uroe tat exerien'e3 a 3e'rease in sier visits imme3i-

atel after te 2""$ 'risis& 8ven if some re'over o''urre3in 2""9/1", for te time eing, te long range outloo is'ontinue3 3e'line, as te 'ountr as to figt against in-'reasing international 'ometition an3 la's a 3omesti'maret&

esite mo3ern infrastru'ture, goo3 sno*maing, an3large enoug resorts to 'omete *it te +ls, art of tesier maret 3oes not 'onsi3er +n3orran resorts as attra'-tive as tose in te +ls, sin'e teir laout 3iffers sligtl&

Dillages are extensivel 'onne'te3 over *i3e areas, utverti'al 3ro is lo*er tan in te maor aline resorts&

Ae 7as 3e la Casa-Grau oig an3 .ol3eu-8l Tarter form teGran3valira si area& Gran3valira is te largest si area inte 7renees&


29/100


# 28 #

.iing as een in .'an3inavia for several tousan3 ears an3 it issai3 tat te Diings alrea3 use3 sis as a means of transortation&)f te existen'e of siing is ver ol3, its ra'ti'e as a sort is morere'ent& )t *as 3eveloe3 after 1$", *en te first ra'es *ere el3

(mainl in =or*a!, an3 te innis .i e3eration *as foun3e3 in19"$&


30/100


# 30 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

)erman

Tere are over "" si areas in German to satisf te largest ou-lation of siers in 8uroe: more tan 12 million& @ut nearl alf oftese areas ave onl one lift& Te 'ountrJs main resorts are lo'ate3along te soutern or3er of te @la' orest an3 in te @avarian+ls, or3ering .*it;erlan3 an3 +ustria& Te German +ls, te Har;Mountains, @la' orest, @avarian orest, an3 te Turingian orestare mi33le altitu3e mountains, rising as ig as 1E"" meters aovesea level& Te often sit at altitu3es lo*er tan +ustrian or .*iss re-sorts, an3 sier visit figures ave so*n ig sensitivit to sno* 'on-3itions in te ast& Te terefore ave investe3 eavil in sno*ma-

ing sstems& )t ma e too earl to 'on'lu3e *eter tis infrastru'-ture *ill e ale to 3efinitivel mitigate te meteorologi'al riss, utvisitor figures ave remaine3 stea3 over te last *inters, even ifte no longer so* a long range tren3 to*ar3s gro*t&

"

2J"""J"""

4J"""J"""

5J"""J"""

$J"""J"""

1"J"""J"""12J"""J"""

14J"""J"""

15J"""J"""

1$J"""J"""

2""2

-"#

2""#

-"4

2""4

-"

2""

-"5

2""5

-"6

2""6

-"$

2""$

-"9

2""9

-1"

2"1"

-11

2"11

-12

Te maor 'at'ment areas for German siers are Muni', .tuttgartan3 regions furter nort& Ho*ever, te Germans are ig 'onsumersof siing aroa3, an3 reresent, for examle, te largest foreign 'us-tomer ase for +ustrian resorts&

Garmis'-7artenir'en is te un3isute3 German *inter sorts 'ai-tal& eno*ne3 for its tra3itional =e* OearEs si uming 'ometition

an3 for eing an 0lmi' 'it, Garmis' to3a is a 'osmoolitanla'e& )ts si area exten3s to te +ustrian or3er, an3 in'lu3es over

-i"ure 11, )ermanH evolution of skier visits


31/100


# 31 #

5" ilometers of trails& Te ugsit;e is te igest si lift in Germa-n, toing out at 2E$#" meters& .iing in German is not limite3 toGarmis'& )n


32/100


# 32 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

2orwa

Most of te 'ountr is 3ominate3 mountainous regions or igterrain, *it 25 eas iger tan 2E#"" meters aove sea level& Teigest summit tos out at 2E459 meters& .iing as een an a'tivitin =or*a for over 4E""" ears an3 mo3ern siing *as invente3ere& )nitiall, sis *ere solel a means of transortation, ut siingsoon e'ame a re'reational a'tivit& Morge3al, te irtla'e of.on3re =oreim, te siing ioneer an3 3eveloer of te telemarte'niFue, is 'alle3 te 'ra3le of siing an3 *as 'osen tree timesto ligt te 0lmi' tor' for te


33/100


# 33 #

)n te far =ort, tere are no ig resorts, ut tere is a *i3e varietof si areas *it 'o; oli3a 'ottages tat are often rente3 out rivate o*ners& Man oli3a omes an3 otels are ver 'lose to tesi lifts& =or*a also offers man sno*oar3 ars an3 over #"E"""ilometers of 'ross 'ountr siing trails& 2E"" of tem are lit, as

nigt falls ver earl in =or*a&

Geilo is te ol3est si resort of =or*a an3 as sin'ee'ome a mo3ern resort *it goo3 infrastru'ture,ex'ellent si runs, sno*oar3 ars, mountain restau-rants, otels an3 sas& )t as 5 'airlifts, 14 T-ar-liftsan3 4 'il3renEs lifts *it a total 'aa'it of 22E"""eole er our, all lo'ate3 et*een $"" an3 1E16$meters aove sea level&

Hafell is te tir3 largest aline si area in =or*a,*ell-no*n tans to te 1994 Ailleammer 0lmi'


34/100


# 3 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

seasons of te ne* millenium, efore flattening out an3 even 3e'lin-ing in re'ent ears, follo*ing a re'or3 2""$/"9 *inter& Te 'ountrEs3iffi'ult e'onomi' situation ma 3ela re'over& esorts ma ave to*ait a it longer to enefit from aving exan3e3 teir infrastru'-ture& or instan'e, te numer of lifts gre* from 22$ in 2""# to #5"

to3a&

"

1J"""J"""

2J"""J"""

#J"""J"""

4J"""J"""

J"""J"""

5J"""J"""

6J"""J"""

$J"""J"""

2""2

-"#

2""#

-"4

2""4

-"

2""

-"5

2""5

-"6

2""6

-"$

2""$

-"9

2""9

-1"

2"1"

-11

2"11

-12

Te si areas are *ell eFuie3 an3 are suitale for siers of all lev-els& Te fa'ilities on te mountain are 'ontinuousl eing imrove3uon: trails, infrastru'ture, ma'iner, a''ess, a''ommo3ations an3servi'es& +nnual investments, totaling millions of euros in te firstears of te 2"""Es, ave 'ontriute3 to raising te resorts to inter-national stan3ar3s, in an ongoing effort to rese't te environmentan3 natural sites& .ome areas ave een 'ertifie3 te Vtra3e-mar of .anis Tourism Vualit& Tis lael is grante3 to estalis-

ments *i' meet te Fualit stan3ar3s reFuire3&

.no* 'on3itions are usuall goo3I 3aligt ours are longer in te*inter tan in te +ls& )n a33ition, resorts offer a *i3e range of'omlementar a'tivities to visitors&

)n te =ort, te 7renees form a natural arrier et*een ran'ean3 .ain an3 ave offere3 favorale 'on3itions for uil3ing multilesi resorts& +mong te famous ones of te region, @aFueria @eret islo'ate3 in te +ran Dalle& )t *as foun3e3 in 1954 an3 is to3a one

of te largest in .ain& ormigal resort is anoter internationall re-no*ne3 resort in te 7renees&

-i"ure 13, SpainH evolution of skier visits


35/100


# 3' #

+art from te 7renees, *i' reresent te most extensive si re-gion of .ain, te 'enter of te 'ountr, te Cor3illera Central, as 4si resorts essentiall on te outsirts of Ma3ri3, .alaman'a an3 .e-govia&

AetEs not forget +n3alusia& )t as te largest resort in .ain, .ierra=eva3a (*i' re'entl entere3 into te rans of te to " iggestresorts in te *orl3!& Ao'ate3 in te se'on3 igest mountain 'ainin 8uroe, it is te souternmost resort in 'ontinental 8uroe, *it14 eas over #E""" meters ig& .iing at an altitu3e of #E4"" me-ters, an ourJs 3rive from te Me3iterranean, resents an exoti' ex-erien'e, as tere are ver fe* la'es *ere ou 'an s*im or surf inte sea in te morning an3 si or sno*oar3 in te afternoon&


36/100


# 3( #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

sno* is ra'ti'all guarantee3& )n a33ition, 'ross 'ountr siing isver oular an3 te eautiful lan3s'aes, laes an3 forests offer areattaing anorama for siing an3 relaxing&

"

1J"""J"""

2J"""J"""

#J"""J"""

4J"""J"""

J"""J"""

5J"""J"""

6J"""J"""

$J"""J"""

9J"""J"""

2""2

-"#

2""#

-"4

2""4

-"

2""

-"5

2""5

-"6

2""6

-"$

2""$

-"9

2""9

-1"

2"1"

-11

2"11

-12

0verall, si tourism as een ver stale, 3esite some *eaer sea-sons& =e* investments ave een ma3e an3 in te next 'oule of

ears, otel an3 a''ommo3ation 'aa'ities *ill exan3& esite tefinan'ial 'risis, visitor numers in'rease3 at .*e3is si 3estinationsfrom 2""5/"6 to 2""9/1"& +t te same time, lo* uil3ing 'osts en-'ourage3 man usinesses to renovate& )n a33ition, te lo* ex-'ange rate of te .*e3is rona also a3 a ositive effe't on tetourism in3ustr& Te last 2 seasons, o*ever, sa* 3e'reasing at-ten3an'e figures&

Climate 'ange, an3 its 'onseFuen'es for te 'ountries in te 8uro-ean +ls, is 'onsi3ere3 to e an a3vantage for .*e3en, as si tour-ism ma sift to te 'ol3er nortern .'an3inavian 'ountries&

Te iggest an3 most mo3ern si resort in .*e3en is +re, *ere te2""6


37/100


# 3 #

nite! >in"!om

+ltoug man 8nglis eole are fans of siing, tere are onl siresorts *it natural sno* in te >nite3 ?ing3om, lo'ate3 in .'otlan3,lus a fe* si areas manage3 si 'lus in =ortern 8nglan3 an3


38/100


# 35 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat


39/100


# 38 #

:astern :urope an! +entral *sia2'

*rmenia

Half of +rmenia is 'overe3 mountains& Te largest art of te'ountr is at an altitu3e of more tan 1J""" meters aove sea level& 2"& )n

2""2, imrovements to te ig*a lea3ing to teresort *ere ma3e to meet *it internationalstan3ar3s an3 to imrove safet& )n a33ition toeing a si area, te 'it of Tsaa3;or is also asa 'enter&

28astern 8uroe an3 Central +sia ave een groue3 as a single region in tis reort, as most of te'ountries 'on'erne3 are 'urrentl 3eveloing teir si in3ustr& 8ven if in most of tese 'ountries siingis noting ne*, si areas ave in man la'es onl re'entl een 3eveloe3 into resorts an3 marete3internationall& 7art of te gro*t otential for te in3ustr *ill 'ome from tis region an3 it is tereforeinteresting to e ale to follo* its evolution also from an aggregate3 erse'tive&


40/100


# 0 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

Bosnia & .er@e"ovina

)n 19$4, .araevo *as te ost 'it for te


41/100


# 1 #

taine3& Te uill infrastru'ture in'lu3es 5 lifts, mostl surfa'e lifts,lus 1 'airlift, for a total 'aa'it of more tan 5J""" siers erour& + numer of investments ave een ma3e at te resort in re-'ent ears& )t is no* eFuie3 *it a sno*maing sstem& Moreover,otels ave re'entl een uilt in te area& Te restaurant sele'tion

is still limite3, altoug suffi'ient for te asi' nee3s of te resort&Te ri'e of an all-3a lift ass is rougl eFuivalent to tose at Ba-orina&

Dlasi' offers 14 ilometers of runs, from eginner to interme3iate,*ell suite3 for novi'e siers& )t as 5 si lifts *it a total uill 'aa'-it of 4J5"" siers er our& Te runs are oorl groome3& .ome fa-'ilities tat oste3 19$4 0lmi's 'ometitions *ere 3amage3 3uringte *ar an3 not reuilt& Ho*ever, te resort elongs to a rivateo*ner *o is investing to imrove servi'es for te entire area& Tis

mo3erni;ation aims at gaining te title of se'on3 est si area in te'ountr *it regar3 to oularit an3 visits& Disitors *ill fin3 rooms inone of several ne* or renovate3 otels, or at a fe* rivate a''om-mo3ations ('ottages or ensions!&

Te small 'it of ?ures as a si area tat features 4 runs for a totalof 1# ilometers of siing, 2 'airlifts an3 # surfa'e lifts& Te area,*i' also as 2J""" e3s, is ese'iall *ell-suite3 for eginners&isova', lo'ate3 in @li3ine national ar, as 1 'airlift an3 2 surfa'elifts *it a total ourl 'aa'it of 2J95" siers& )t as 4& ilometers

of si runs an3 a 'ertifie3 ). slalom run& Te resort offers 6"" e3s&+ stu3 'on3u'te3 te oreign )nvestment 7romotion +gen' of@osnia an3 Her;egovina ()+7! 3ating from te ear 2""9 so*s tatonl a fra'tion of te otential for *inter tourism is 'urrentl use3 inte 'ountr& Te 3o'ument rooses 3ifferent investments to im-rove infrastru'ture in te @osnian Mountains, *i' still la' a suffi-'ient numer of lifts, ousing an3 roer si run maintenan'e&


42/100


# 2 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

Bul"aria

@ulgaria is te igest 'ountr of te @alan region, *it an averagealtitu3e of over 4" meters aove sea level& $ mountain 'ains rising

iger tan 2E""" meters 'over one-tir3 of te 'ountr& @ulgaria asmore tan one un3re3 si lifts srea3 a'ross #2 si areas& .even oftese ave more tan four si lifts ea'&

Te roust 3eveloment of siing in @ulgaria inte ast fe* ears is mainl 3ue to signifi'antinvestment in mountain resorts an3 te 'ountrEsi3 to ost te


43/100


# 3 #

@ulgarian mountain resorts, is nestle3 in te eart of te o3oesMountains at 1E5" meters aove sea level& )t is te erfe't resort foreginners an3 it 'laims to ave one of te est si s'ools in 8astern8uroe& 7amorovo as 14 si lifts *it a total 'aa'it of 1E"""eole er our&

+prus


44/100


# #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

:stonia


45/100


# ' #

+@e%h Repu$li%

Te igest summit in te C;e' euli' is te 1E5"2 meter ig.nWXa ea& esite lo*er mountains tan in te +ls, tere is alarge numer of si resorts in te C;e' euli' (aout 16" si re-sorts *it a total of almost $2" si lifts!, all of tem lo'ate3 et*een9"" an3 1E#"" meters aove sea level& Most of tese resorts areeasil a''essile from German or from te 'ountrEs 'aital, 7rague&.no*maing enales siing trougout te entire season, mitigating'limate riss&

0ver te last 1" ears, resort infrastru'ture aseen rene*e3 an3 exan3e3& " ne* lifts *ere

3elivere3 te maor manufa'turers&


46/100


# ( #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

+noter oular resort is MalR Morava-?arlov, in Moravia nearMount 7ra3W3, in te =orteast& ue to its lo* altitu3e (maximum94" meters aove sea level!, it often la's of sno* an3 is not veraealing to exerien'e3 siers& Te si runs are aligne3 one next tote oter an3 te verti'al 3ro is limite3 to 1" meters& Te resort

as 19 si lifts an3 14 si runs (6 ilometers of siing!, of *i' arelue (eas!& Te most oular si resorts 3o not ave te infrastru'-ture to manage te flo* of siers an3 on us 3as *aiting in line'an last u to 2" minutes at ea' lift&

)eor"ia

Georgia is lo'ate3 on te istori' an3 geograi' tresol3 et*een8uroe an3 +sia, et*een te @la' .ea an3 te Casian .ea& Moun-tains 'over a large art of te 'ountr, *it te Greater Cau'asusMountains in te =ort an3 te Aesser Cau'asus Mountains in te.out& .ome rea' imressive altitu3es, *it te Mount .ara,lo'ate3 on te or3er *it ussia, 'ulminating at E2"1 meters aovesea level&

Georgia use3 to e one of te oular *inter sorts 3estinations ofte former .oviet >nion&


47/100


# #

sort is Mount ?ota, 'ulminating at aroun3 2E2"" meters aove sealevel& Te resort lies #" ilometers from @oromi an3 is lo'ate3 *itinte @auriani eression& )t is 'onne'te3 *it @oromi an ele'tri-fie3 narro* gauge rail*a line& @auriani rovi3es 3o*nill an3'ross-'ountr siing for siers of all ailities& Te resort offers a'-

'ommo3ations from #-star otels to small rivate otels an3 guest-ouses& )t as 12 si runs of varing 3iffi'ult& + ne* gon3ola an3'airlifts *ere re'entl a33e3& Te resort is famil oriente3, *it aear roun3 offering& Te forest-'overe3 mountains, te mineral *a-ter srings, te roa3s lea3ing to te se'ta'ular natural or 'ulturalmonuments of te @oromi Dalle are aealing for va'ations& Te0lmi' Committee of Georgia nominate3 te to*n of @oromi (along*it its main *inter resort @auriani! as a 'an3i3ate to ost te 2"1$0lmi' Games& Te i3 *as unsu''essful&

=e* resorts ave also een lanne3& 0ne is at Go3er3;i 7ass& TeGeorgian eartment of Tourism as een 'ontra'ting *it a foreign'oman in or3er to 3evelo a ne* si resort in te ig mountainsof +3ara& Te resort *ill a''ommo3ate aout 12E""" tourists& Teresort is uniFue 3ue to its lo'ation 2E"" meters aove sea level an39" ilometers from @atumi& )t *as exe'te3 to oen 2"12& +not-er roe't is lo'ate3 in te remote ig-mountain to*n of Mestia,*ere offi'ials oe to estalis a ear roun3 tourist 3estination,*it an initial u3get of >. 14 million& Constru'tion on anoterresort aears to e un3er*a aout 1 minutes outsi3e of Tilisi&

)ree%e

.iing in Gree'e is a uniFue exerien'e& .urrising as it ma soun3,altoug Gree'e is *ell no*n for its *arm sunn *eater an3 eau-tiful ea'es, siing is *ell 3eveloe3& Tis is no se'ret for Greesan3 a an3ful of oter 8uroeans& @ut te maorit of siers in 8u-

roe, te >nite3 .tates an3 oter 'ountries aroun3 te *orl3 fail toimagine te numerous ossiilities tat Gree'e 'an offer for siing&Mountains 'over $"K of Gree'e *it a maorit of eas toing outat over 1E"" meters aove sea level, tus rovi3ing some areas *iti3eal 'on3itions for te 3eveloment of *inter sorts resorts& Teseresorts are lo'ate3 all over Gree'e& )n 'entral Gree'e tere are teresorts of 7arnassos, ?arenissi (Delou'i!, Dassilitsa an3 7ilion& )n=ortern Gree'e, in te istori'al region of Ma'e3onia (not to e'onfuse3 *it te 'ountr near!, tere are te resorts of .eli, Tria-7ente 7iga3ia an3 ?aimatsalan& )n te 7eloonnesus, in .outern

Gree'e, tere are te resorts of ?alavrta an3 Mainalo& Gree'e as a


48/100


# 5 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

total of 21 si resorts an3 tose mentione3 aove are te most *ell-no*n, an3 also eFuie3 *it mo3ern infrastru'ture&

uring te *inter season man Grees eno *inter sortsan3 altoug all siers are not as *ell traine3 as te ina-

itants of +line 'ountries, te level of siers, ese'iall 'il-3ren, is rogressing 'onsi3eral ever ear& .iing is stilltren3 in Gree'e, an3 most si resorts are full *it siersan3 visitors on te *eeen3&

Te largest si resort is 7arnassos .i esort, in CentralGree'e, onl 2"" ilometers from +tens, an3 ver 'lose tote antiFuities of te *ell no*n an'ient 'it of eli&uns range from 1E5"" to 2E2" meters& Te terolaa siarea *as uilt in 196 an3 in 19$1 te ?ellaria si area *as

rea3 to fun'tion& To3a it as 19 runs for a total of #5 il-ometers of siing& terolaa an3 ?ellaria ave 14 lifts: 1gon3ola, 5 'airlifts an3 6 surfa'e lifts& Te Gerontovra'ossi area near offers anoter 2 lifts& Tis is te onl resort

in Gree'e tat as a funitel te gon3ola lift& )t is 1E61# meters long*it a verti'al 3ro of 62 meters an3 a 'aa'it of 2E""" eole erour& Te 8rmis lift tat 'one'ts terolaa an3 ?ellaria *as uilt in19$$ an3 offers siers an3 visitors unelievale vie*s& Aooing to te=ort one 'an a3mire te Mountain of te Go3s, 0lmusI looing tote .out, te 'lear lue *aters of te eautiful Corintian Gulf& )n

7arnassos, one 'an si in te morning an3 ate in te sea at lun'time& )t is usuall oerate3 trougout te ear, in'lu3ing te sum-mer season *en it rovi3es iing oortunities for resi3ents an3tourists& Te *inter season starts in e'emer an3 usuall en3s in+ril& 7arnassos as oste3 multile ). aline siing an3 sno*-oar3ing ra'es at te en3 of Mar'-+ril, an3 foreign ra'ers aveal*as een surrise3 te Fuantit an3 Fualit of sno*&

)n Central Gree'e, asi3e from te si resort of 7arnassos, tere is tesi resort of ?arenissi (Delou'i!, 'lose to te 'it of ?arenissi& Teresort is lo'ate3 at an altitu3e of 1E6" meters an3 tos out at 2E"""meters& )t as tree 'airlifts, # surfa'e lifts an3 12 runs& +noter siresort in Central Gree'e is Dassilitsa, 'lose to te 'it of ?ar3itsa& Tesno* 'on3itions are ver goo3 an3 it as 2 'airlifts an3 4 surfa'elifts of varing lengts, ranging from 9"" to 2E""" meters long& Te+griolefes si resort (Central Gree'e! on mount 7ilion, near to te'it of Dolos, is lo'ate3 et*een 1E16$ meters an3 1E461 meters ele-vation& )t is one of te ol3est si resorts in Gree'e an3 as # 'air-lifts, # surfa'e lifts an3 ilometers of runs&

+noter *ell-no*n si resort is ?alavrta on te 7eloonnesus

(soutern Gree'e!& )t is lo'ate3 2"" ilometers from +tens in teregion of +'aia& )t is nestle3 at an altitu3e of 1E5" meters, *it


49/100


# 8 #

runs as ig as 2E#4" meters& )t as 6 lifts an3 moretan 1" runs& Te si resort of Mainalon is also lo'at-e3 on te 7eloonnesus, near te 'it of Triolis, atan altitu3e of 1E"" meters, *it a to elevation of1E$5" meters& )t features 4 lifts an3 $ runs&

Te largest si resort in =ortern Gree'e, in te re-gion of istori'al Ma'e3onia, is Mount ?aimatsalan&)ts si area is lo'ate3 et*een 2E"" an3 2E4$" me-ters aove sea level& )t features 1" runs for a total of4 ilometers of siing& )t as 6 lifts, in'lu3ing a 'air-lift an3 5 surfa'e lifts& .iers 'an tae a3vantage of4#" meters of verti'al 3ro& )t also as a alf iean3 sno*ar for exerien'e3 sno*oar3ers an3siers& .no*maing eFuiment in'lu3es 4 moile

'annons an3 5 sno* lan'es&

+noter si resort in =ortern Gree'e in te istori'alregion of Ma'e3onia is te #- 7iga3ia, lo'ate3 e-t*een 1E4#" to 2E"" meters elevation, near teto*n of =aousa on Mount Dermion& Tere is 1 'air-lift an3 surfa'e lifts, as *ell as 'ross 'ountr siing&Tis resort is use3 man national teams (footall U tra' an3 fiel3,et'&! as a training 'am, an3 as to-not' eFuiment& Most of te.uer G ra'es in Gree'e tae la'e in #- 7iga3ia, as te sloe

lengt meets ). stan3ar3s& Te si resort is eFuie3 *it sno*-maing eFuiment to ensure ex'ellent sno* 'on3itions trougoutte entire si season&

Te .eli si resort, *ere te first ever si lift in Gree'e *as installe3in 19, near te to*n of Deroia, is among te most eautiful siresorts in Gree'e& .eli is lo'ate3 at an altitu3e of 1E1 meters, an3tos out at 1E$64 meters& )t as 1 'airlift an3 $ surfa'e lifts tatserve 14 runs& Cross-'ountr siing is also Fuite oular in .eli&

)n all te aove si resorts, tere are offi'iall san'tione3 si sloestat ost ). aline an3 'ross 'ountr siing ra'es ever ear& +ll siresorts ave restaurants, 'afeterias, si s'ools, si sos, si rentalsan3 me3i'al fa'ilities&


50/100


# '0 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

.un"ar

8vent toug onl 2K of Hungar is lo'ate3 iger tan 4"" metersaove sea level, a numer of small si areas exist& + mountainous

region stret'ing for over 4"" ilometers is lo'ate3 in te norternart of te 'ountr next 3o te .lova or3er& )t 'onsists of Mount@aon, Mount Dertes an3 Mount ?ees (1E"14 meters!, te igest

ea of te 'ountr lo'ate3 in te Matra Moun-tains&

.iing as e'ome oular in Hungar: aout""E""" of te 1" million Hungarians si& Ho*ever,more tan 9"K of tem travel aroa3 for *intersorts, as te Hungarian mountains are not ig

enoug, te si lifts are some*at aniFuate3 an3sno* 'overage is insuffi'ient& Tus, sier visits inte 'ountr are onl estimate3 to e alf a million&

Tere are #4 si areas *it a total of 6" si lifts inHungar& 0nl resorts ave more tan 4 si liftsea'& Te most imortant ones are @Rn[t U @N,MRtras;entistvRn, DisegrR3 =agvillRm an3 8ln&@Rn[t U @N is one of te most oular si re-sorts in Hungar& )ts summit elevation is 9#" me-

ters aove sea level& Te $ si lifts ave a 'aa'itof 2E""" ersons er our& oog\], te smallestHungarian si area as onl 2 si trails, ea' aout1$" meters long, an3 is ver oular *it egin-ners&

Iran

Mo3ern siing *as intro3u'e3 in )ran aroun3 19#"& Germans, *o*ere in te 'ountr to uil3 te national rail*a, an3 )ranian stu-3ents, *o stu3ie3 in .*it;erlan3 an3 ran'e an3 learne3 to sitere, ele3 to intro3u'e te sort& )n 1946, te 0lmi' e3erationof )ran an3 te )ranian .i e3eration *ere foun3e3& Te first lift*as installe3 in 191& )ran *as reresente3 for te first time in isto-r a sier in te *omenEs 'ometition at te Dan'ouver


51/100


# '1 #

*estern lifestle& )n te mi3-19$"Es, gro*ing 3eman3 ut ressureon te Government to re'onsi3er its osition an3 reoen te si re-sorts& To3a, tere are a 3o;en in oeration, among *i' te mostimortant are aroun3 Teran in te +lor; mountain range, in tenortern art of te 'ountr& Te igest ea in )ran is lo'ate3

ere, Mount amavan3, a giant 3ormant vol'ano rising to over J5""meters aove sea level& 8ven if several ne* gon3olas *ere 3elivere3in te 2"""Es, te infrastru'ture is rater ol3 an3 fa'ilities often lim-ite3& Ho*ever, te resorts are lo'ate3 at ig altitu3ean3 ave ex'ellent sno* 'on3itions&

Te iggest resort in )ran an3 even in te Mi33le 8ast isi;in, nort of te 'aital& oun3e3 in 1959, its si arealies et*een 2J5" an3 #J5"" meters aove sea level& )t'overs 46" e'tares an3 re'eives aout 6 meters of

sno* er ear&


52/100


# '2 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

signe3 for eginners an3 interme3iate siers, it as 4 lifts: 2 'airliftsan3 2 surfa'e lifts&

)ranian si resorts reFuire ne* investments, as most of tem stilloerate eFuiment from te late 196"Es& Ho*ever, tis *oul3 reFuire

romoting siing at a national level to attra't more siers an3 to in-'rease resort revenues in or3er to rovi3e te finan'ial means tomae an ne* investments&


53/100


# '3 #

)n a33ition to tese *ell no*n resorts tere are several oter siareas, lo'ate3 eiter in te +lmat egion (8nesia;as resort!or in te eastern art of ?a;astan& )n te latter, si areas are lo-'ate3 in te suurs of 'ities su' as >st-?amenogors, ranovs&Te =urtau resort, +lta^s +ls, 83el*eiss, .tar3ust Cam an3 8agle

si areas offer a *i3e variet of runs for all levels of siing an3sno*oar3ing&

>r"@stan

?rg;stan is a small 'ountr *it ust over five million eole an3 isoften 'omare3 to .*it;erlan3 e'ause of its otential for te 3evel-oment of aline siing& )n3ee3, te 'limate an3 te signifi'ant verti-'al 3ro are fa'tors tat rovi3e favorale 'on3itions for siing& 0ver9"K of te 'ountr is mountainous an3 a maorit of te eas riseto over #E""" meters ig& Te igest summit, 7oe3o 7ea, is atan elevation of 6J1#4 meters aove sea level&

.iing is o*ever at tis stage not *i3el 3evel-oe3, even toug te 'ountr as 15 si areas,man of tem near te 'aital 'it of @ise& Te

are small, often *it onl one otel, ut te all fea-ture te usual range of stan3ar3 servi'es su' aseFuiment rentals or si s'ools&

Ao'ate3 6 ilometers from te to*n of ?araol, onte sloes of te mountain 'ain of te same name,te ase area of Tian-.an is lo'ate3 2E#"" metersaove sea level& )t as a temerate 'limate an3 of-fers vie*s of te se'on3 largest mountain lae inte *orl3, Aae )ss ?ul& Most of te 2" ilometers of runs 3es'en3

troug te forest, are of varing 3iffi'ult an3 et*een 4"" an3#E"" meters in lengt& Te igest oint of te resort is #J"4" me-ters aove sea level, rovi3ing a verti'al 3ro of $"" meters& ?araolfeatures 4 lifts: 2 3oule an3 2 trile 'airlifts& Te sno*fall averages2 meters er ear an3 offers a suffi'ient ase for te entire si sea-son 3ue to lo* temeratures 3uring te nigt& )n a33ition to 3o*nillsiing, tere are also lent of ossiilities for a''ountr siing,mountaineering or sno*moile tours&

0ene3 in 1956, 0rlova as gro*n in re'ent ears& + ne* lift *as

uilt, as *ell as ne* uil3ings ('ottages, restaurant!& Aigting fornigt siing *as installe3 an3 te resort as a'Fuire3 its first sno*-


54/100


# ' #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

maing eFuiment, e'oming one of te fe* in te 'ountr ale toguarantee sno* trougout te entire season& Te resort as a totalof lifts: 4 'airlifts an3 1 surfa'e lift, *it a total 'aa'it of 4E2""siers er our& .iers ave a''ess to 9 runs of varing 3iffi'ult an3et*een 1" an3 2E9"" meters long& .no*moile rentals are also

availale&

=orus, aout 4" ilometers from te 'aital, is lo'ate3 at 1J9$" me-ters aove sea level& )t as # lifts an3 1 ilometers of trails for alllevels& Te area is o*ever arti'ularl *ell-suite3 for 'il3ren& Tereare also 3ro off ;ones for eli-siing&

# ilometers from @ise, te ?asa-.uu si area is lo'ate3 at2E""" meters aove sea level& T*o lifts (1 'airlift an3 1 surfa'e lift!serve 5 runs of varing levels for a total of 1" ilometers of siing& +

sauna, an i'e rin an3 'onferen'e rooms are also availale to visi-tors&

Latvia


55/100


# '' #

)n te =ort, te resort of @aili as 6 lifts an3 1""K sno*maing&Te longest run is 1$" meters long& )n te


56/100


# '( #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

one of te ver fe* in te *orl3 to feature an out3oor sloe 3uringte *inter season& +s te oter out3oor si areas are rater small insi;e, tis 54" meter-long out3oor sloe is one of te longest in te'ountr&

Te si season in Aituania is a it e'uliar *en 'omare3 to re-sorts in te +ls& )t egins in .etemer *it te first sno*fall, an3en3s in eruar& Ho*ever, *inters are rett stale&

Ma%e!onia

Ma'e3onia is a small lan3lo'e3 'ountr, in te souternmost art of*at *as on'e Ougoslavia& ea'ing altitu3es u to 2E654 meters(Mount ?ora!, te 'ountrEs mountainous region oasts sno* 'ov-erage troug te en3 of Ma, in site of its soutern lo'ation&

Civil *ar an3 regional 'onfli'ts 'onsi3eral slo*e3 te a'e of siin3ustr 3eveloment& 8ven if te 'ountr is emerging as a u3get*inter 3estination, *it *ee-long lift asses at 8> 59&"", si areasare still rimaril visite3 lo'al Ma'e3onian siers& ue to te 'on-fli't, te 'ountr as a3 a ar3 time uil3ing u a sier oulation

ase large enoug to suort si resorts an3 offer state-of-te-artfa'ilities& Aifts, trail maring, grooming an3 even 'leanliness are notet u to *estern stan3ar3s& Te si areas ten3 to e 'ro*3e3 lo'als on te *eeen3s, *it long lifts lines, an3 emt on *ee-3as, *en lifts ma even 'lose& Te foreign 'ustomer-ase is 'ur-rentl limite3 to +lanians, Grees an3 @ulgarians&

Te are Aa;arevsi si area, in Mavrovo national ar, a one our3rive from te 'aital 'it, is te largest in Ma'e3onia& )t as 14 lifts,an3 tos out at 1J$5" meters aove sea level& Te resort features

several otel a''ommo3ations, in'lu3ing 4-star otels& )t as ). a-rove3 3o*nill, suer giant slalom an3 giant slalom runs& Ho*ever,te lift infrastru'ture is ageing, *it no ig-see3 3eta'ale lifts&

7oova .aa, anoter one of te most oular resorts, is lo'ate3 inte nort*estern art of Ma'e3onia, ust # ilometers from te 'a-ital of .oe&


57/100


# ' #

e3 et*een 1E6"$ meters an3 2E1" meters aove sea level, an3 tesno*a' lasts 1# 3as er *inter on average&

Ao'ate3 next to te or3er *it Gree'e, .i Centar ?oXuf is te onlsi area in te 'ountr re'entl eFuie3 *it ne* lifts from one of

te maor manufa'turers& 8ven toug it onl as # lifts, tere is a8> 6# million 3eveloment lan to exten3 te resort an3 a33 fur-ter lifts an3 a''ommo3ations&

inall, a se'ial mention for te .arlania si area, *i' ringssiers to te to of ristine sloes using 2 sno*'ats sin'e te areais not eFuie3 *it lifts& 14 freeri3ers 'an sit in ea' sno*'at&

Montene"ro

?no*n rimaril for its sun-isse3 'oastline, Montenegro also offerslent of mountain s'ener, laes an3 te longest 'anon in 8uroe,troug *i' te Tara iver flo*s& Te 'ountr as a lot of moun-tains an3 valles& Te igest eas in Montenegro rise to over 2E""meters aove sea level (Maa ?olata, 7roletie Mountain, 2E#4 me-tresI @ootov u, urmitor Mountain, 2E2# metres!& .ome *inters

re'eive extremel eav sno*fallI 3uring tese *inters, some la'es'an get ina''essile 'ar&

Tere are several *inter resorts for ot 3o*nill an3 'ross-'ountrsiing& Te most oular ones are ?olasin an3 urmitor, *i' are atte foot of eautiful massive mountains&

Te resort of ?olasin 14" is te most mo3ern resort in te 'ountr&Ao'ate3 in Be;erine, near to te 'it of ?olasin, it *asno*n in te ast un3er te name of @elasi'a .i

Centre& +fter eing a'Fuire3 in a anrut' ro'ee3-ing, it *as rename3, 3eveloe3 an3 some lifts *ererela'e3& + ig-see3 5 erson 3eta'ale 'airlift*as re'entl installe3 (2"1"!, in a33ition to 1 oterfixe3-gri 'airlift an3 # surfa'e lifts& Te si area fea-tures te onl sno*maing sstem in Montenegro&?olasin 14" offers ot *inter an3 summer a'tivities&usti' *oo3en restaurants an3 mountain uts maete la'e a i'turesFue lo'ation, togeter *it t*o 4-star mountain resort otels&


58/100


# '5 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

Ao'ate3 'lose to te urmitor =ational 7ar an3 in te sa3o* ofone of te 'ountrEs igest eas, ala is te igest to*n innortern Montenegro an3 an ei'enter for *inter sorts& )t enossno* for 12" 3as er ear, from e'emer to +ril& Te urmitorresort is ma3e u of several small si areas for a total of 12 lifts tat

rise u to 2E#1# meters elevation& .ome ig-Fualit mountain si'alets an3 ne* otel si lo3ge a''ommo3ations ave oene3 inre'ent ears&

@ot resorts are tring to in'rease maret a*areness an3 attra'tmore lo'al an3 foreign 'ustomers& urmitor as oste3 international3o*nill si 'ometitions& Darious entertainment an3 sorting eventsare organi;e3 te =ational Tourism 0rgani;ation trougout teseason, *it te slogan,+ (ot *inter in t(e mountains& .i asses,eFuiment rental an3 si lessons are a argain ere& +n all-3a lift

ass 'osts aout 8> 1&"", a set of si an3 oots 'an e rente3 er3a for 8> 1"&"" an3 one our of rivate si lessons 'osts 8>2"&""&

+s Montenegro onl gaine3 in3een3en'e in 2""5, te tourism in3us-tr is still tining aout te maor 3eveloments to invest in& >ntilno*, te 'ountrEs si areas ave rimaril een te 3omain of lo'alsan3 a fe* visitors from te @alans& )n te future, a numer of tour-ism roe'ts *ill enan'e te 'ountrEs tourism aeal& Mountain'enters are a e art of tis strateg an3 $ resorts ave een

lanne3 for 3eveloment& .ome are starting from s'rat', su' aste arsi, Torine, Belovi'a an3 ?omovi si resorts, oters inten3 tofurter 3evelo te existing si area of ?olasin&

4olan!

Te Caratian Mountains 'ross te soutern art of 7olan3 an3

form a natural or3er *it neigoring C;e' euli' an3 .lovaia&)n te Hig Tatras region, te igest art of te Caratian Moun-tains, 7olan3 as 6" eas tat are over 2E""" meters aove sea lev-el& Te 'ulminate *it te 2E499 meter ig Mount s& Te@esi3es an3 te Giant Mountains are Caratian su-ranges, *itsligtl lo*er altitu3es& Te all offer *inter sorts areas& .iing alsoexists in te 'entral an3 nortern arts of te 'ountr& )n tese re-gions, te sloes are gentler an3 so i3eal for eginners or tose *o*ant to get in sae efore going to te mountains&

8ven toug siing as een aroun3 for a *ile in tis 'ountr, uuntil re'entl 7olan3 *as not a ver oular *inter si 3estination forinternational tourists& Te oening of 7olis air sa'e to lo*-'ost air-


59/100


# '8 #

lines an3 te 3eveloment of te ig*a sstem ave given a igoost to tourism in 7olan3& Te relativel lo* ri'es an3 ristine *il-3erness are oter fa'tors tat ave ele3 to mae 7olan3 oular*it tourists&

Te 'limate in 7olan3 rovi3es goo3 'on3itions for *inter sorts& Teseason egins in e'emer an3 lasts until +ril at some resorts&Ho*ever, te est 'on3itions for siing are from Banuar to Mar'&Te 'ountr offers more tan a un3re3 si areas an3 a total of over$"" lifts& + lot of si areas are rett small, *it onl a fe* trails an3one or a 'oule of lifts& Most of te time, siing is 'onsume3 on anourl or a-as-ou-go asis& .no*maing an3 nigt siing are'ommon&

Te most famous si 3estination in 7olan3 is te

to*n of aoane, *i' attra'ts 2 million visitorsearl& =estle3 in te eart of te Tatra Mountains,it starte3 out as an intelle'tual 'enter in 7olan3&.in'e te 19#"Es, te la'e evolve3 into one of temost oular oli3a 3estinations in te 'ountr,*it a flourising *inter sorts 'enter, as *ell asear roun3 a'tivities an3 a us nigtlife& aoanealrea3 oste3 te ).


60/100


# (0 #

aaurree

nntVVaannaat

Aatel, tere as een a revival of si tourism in 7olan3& Cross-'ountr siing an3 a''ountr siing ave e'ome more oular,an3 tere are *ell-mare3 itineraries not onl in te .out of 7olan3,for examle in te ?aronos;e - Baus;'e in te famous a'e 7iast -an3 at te foot of te Tatras, ut also in oter arts of 7olan3, in-

'lu3ing te Masurian .u*a`i, te lae region in ?asuian, te Cra-'o*-C;_sto'o*a lateau an3 te

studiu_piata de ski la nivel mondial-model cuprins

Documents