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8/12/2019 Sistemul-Perete Fructifer Moldovafruct.md

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Fruit wall system

4 May 2011Erik Buitenhuis


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Introduction

Fruit wall system or Le Mur Fruitier

Mechanical pruning

Experiences from all across Europe

Philosophy: keep it simple


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Introduction

Since 2006

Orchards that were pruned mechanically for 5 years

Question that time: is it possible

Answer now: yes


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Why change to fruit wall?

Financial reasons

Organisation: more surface, more pears

Fruit growing needs a lot of handwork

No alternative for older orchards


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Principles

Important principles for fruit wall:

Fruitwall: no volume but square meters

Fruit easy to reach lower cost price

Quality and production should be the same

Picking robot?


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Principles (Ctifl/EFM)


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Principles

Theoretical production:

(H x LR x NR x 2) x NF x AFW / 1.000.000

H = height of tree -0,50 cm

Height : distance between rows = 1:1

LR = length of rows

NR = number of rows per hectare NF = number of fruits per m2 on one side

AFW = average fruit weight


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Principles

Example:

Distance between rows: 3,5 m 28 rijen

Length: 100 m

Height: 3,5 -0,50 3 NF = 25 fruits per m2

AFW = 170 gram

(2,75 x 100 x 30 x 2) x 25 x 170 /1.000.000 = 71 ton per hectare


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Principles

2009

Elstar, planted in spring 2000

3,50 x 1 m; mechanical pruned since 2001

No correction, no thinningWhat will happen?

Elstar Manual MechanicalFruits per tree 117 178

Number > 65 mm 114 139


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Changing

First time before blooming

Distance: maximum 40 cm, at the top 25-30 cm

Second time: end of May-begin of June in the sameyear

Distance: maximum 40 cm, at the top 25-30 cm


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Changing (foto: EFM)


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Changing


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Changing


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Changing (i.s.m. DLV Plant)

Jonagored, 3,25 x 1 meter

8thyear of growth; start mechanical pruning 2010

Object Kilo per tree Number offruits

Averagefruitweight

Winter 14,6 76 193

Winter + summer 19,9 93 214

Summer 18,7 109 171


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Changing

Elstar, 2009 in third year of growth

3,50 x 1 m

Elstar Fruits/tree Fruits > 65 mm1. Handpruned+ 2x ATS 100 91

2. Winter (februari) 96 72

3. Pink bud 103 87

4. 6-8 leaves 150 65

5. 6-8 leaves + 2x ATS 118 102

6. 10-12 leaves 150 109


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Summer

In Europe different moments of pruning

Around 10-12 new leaves

Pink bud

8th

leave Netherlands and Belgium

Winter


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Summer

Moment around 6-8 leaves

Distance max. 40 cm; boven 25-30 cm

Count number of fruits per m2

3 reasons:

1. Flower buds2. Short, compact structure

3. Fruits on outside of tree


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Summer


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Summer


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Summer


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Summer


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Summer


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Summer


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Summer


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Summer


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Summer(foto: Gerhard Baab)


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Summer


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Summer (foto: DLV Plant)


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Experiences


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Experiences


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Experiences

Bi-annual effect less big

Higher productions

More uniform quality

Less sunburn

More kilos per hour picked


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Experiences

Picking time few days later

Important to keep tree vital

Thinning more important


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Experiences

Discussion about correction by hand:

Braeburn: 15 tot 25 hours per hectare

Golden: 40 hours per hectare

Jonagold: 10 tot 15 hours per hectare

Do nothing? in general: reduction of 50-90%


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Experiences

Be carefull with correction by hand

focus on weak growing branches

Make sure that there will be a wall of fruits!!!


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Experiences


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Experiences


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Experiences

Elstar; 2ndyear mechanical pruned

12thyear of growth: 3,5 x 1,2 m

Thinned with Darwin thinning machine (8,1 km/hour)

Object Kg/tree Number of fruits

Averagefruitweight

% > 70 mm

Hand/260 25,5 164 156 88%Mech/260 27,2 158 173 90%

Mech/250 +

correction23,9 143 167 92%


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Darwin


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Before thinning at Gala


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After thinning at Gala


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Darwin


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Thinning with Darwin

Braeburn, 6th year of growth

Planting distance: 3,25 x 0,8 m

Rpm of Darwin: 260

Speed: 8,1 km/hourObject Kilo/tree Fruits per

treeAverage

fruitweight

Control 24,6 182 135

Darwin 13,5 79 171

Darwin + 1xATS + 1x BA

8,7 42 207

3x ATS + 1x BA 14,2 90 158


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Mechanical thinning

Advantages:

Thinning effect immideately visable

For all varieties possible Independent of weathter

Stopping bi-annual effect

Combination possible with chemical


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Mechanical thinning

Disadvantages:

Early moment of use

Possible damage of leaves Stronger natural fall of fruits in June

Shape of tree adapted to machine


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Fruitwall


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Mechanical thinning

Gala, 8th year of growth; 3 x 1 m

3rd year mechanical prunde

Harvest 2010

Object Fruits per tree

Handpruned without thinning 163

Hand +1x ATS + BA 131

Mech. pruned + Darwin 220 127



Mech. pruned + 1x ATS + BA 122


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Supporting system

Do not underestimate the importancy of a goodconstruction/supporting system

Trees good fixated .

Better bamboos then only wires


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Supporting system


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Supporting system


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Conclusion

Anser now: fruit wall system is possible

High productions higher profits

More efficiency


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Conclusion

Important to keep in mind:

Not a standard recepy

Each orchard is different

Some older orchards do not have ideal plantingdistances.


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Planting system

Diplod: in row not wider than dan 80 cm

Triplod: in row not wider than 100 cm

Height : distance between rows = 1:1

Minimum 14.000m2

wall per hectare


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Planting system


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Planting system


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Planting system


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Planting system


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Questions ?

Thanks for your attention

Erik Buitenhuis

EB Fruit Projects [email protected]

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