PIESE EPIGRAFICE I SCULPTURALE DIN TERITORIUL RURAL

Maria BRBULESCU, Adriana CTEIA, Willy WISOENSCHI

Cuvinte cheie: Cybela mama zeilor; Tetrarhie; stel funerar; banchet funerar. Keywords: Mother Goddess Cybele; milestone; Tetrarchy; funerary stela;

funerary banquet.

There are presented five items appeared accidentally in the area or in the neighbourhood of some antique settlements, included probably into the Tomitan and Histrian territories; the items have been achieved along the time by W.Wisoenski and take part of his collection and exhibited in a museum in Mihail Koglniceanu commune (Constana county).

I 1. Votive inscription written in Greek and dedicated to The Mother Goddess, found in the area of the commune Mihail Koglniceanu, item preserving fragmentary the name of the persons who offer the dedication or , being possible another completition, Hellenized autochtonous or Greek-Oriental individuals established here. The small altar come together with the other epigraphical and sculptural findings dedicated at Tomis and inside its rural territory; first of all a votive altar found long ago also in Mihail Koglniceanu, remembering an association of belivers (sacrati dumi) (ISM II, 160), dedicated probably to Cybele; the two inscriptions make up evidence of an important cult place of the Frigian goddess situated in the Tomitan territory.

II 1. Milestone found at 1.2 km S.V. from Mihail Koglniceanu, item preserving rather well an inscription (a) from the Tetrarchy period (293-205 A.D.). The milestone can come from the semita Tomis vicus Clementianensis (Mihail Koglnicenu) - vicus Hi< (Dorobanu) - Capidava (in the last three settlements there appeared milestones from the period above mentioned); but there can not be excluded the possibility the milestones have been brought at Mihail Koglniceanu from the seaside road ;it was rebuilt at that time as the other roads in the province of Scythia. The inscription b preserved fragmentary in the upper part of the milestone, where there can be seen the imperial name Fl(avius), seem to prove the was re-used in the 4th century A.D.

II 2. The second milestone was found in the Southern part of the commune Mihail Koglniceanu and it still preserves only some letters. On their basis it can be seen briefly

MARIA BRBULESCU, ADRIANA C]TEIA, WILLY WISOENSCHI

410

the imperial name Valerius, suggesting the assigmement of the milestone also in the Tetrarchy period.

III 1. Funerary stela appeared in the Roman settlement at 1.5 km from Palazu Mic (Mihail Koglniceanu commune), item considered among the funerary stele type 1, form Ia, variant 1, according to a recent classification of the funerary stele in the Province Moesia Inferior (S. Conrad). The fragmentary inscription written in Latin is to be added to other epigraphical findings in the area, confirming the presence of some civilian and military elements in the 2nd-3rd A. D.

III 2. Lime Danubian type funerary stela, found in the settlement in the Northen area of Palazu Mic. The item preserves only the relief register and probably is included in type III, form III in the above mentioned classification about the Roman stele. The sculptural area (separated from the lower one by a spiral creeping stalk pattern ) is placed in a niche, having on its basis a simple border, side pilasters with Corinthian capitels (very damaged), supporting an architrave. The scene is the well-known funerary banquet, with three persons on kline, two men and a woman, the second woman sitting beside on a kathedra with curved back; in front, in the centre, mensa tripes loaded with food, and beside, the ordinary servant seems to have a rhyton in his hand. The scene is similar to the funerary banquets represented at Tomis (the Tomitan scheme), as well as some similarities in the general presentation (kline with its back curved to the exterior) at Histria, consequence of the artistical interferences between the two Pontic towns in the 2nd-3rd century when it is the dated the present stela.

Semnalate doar n anii precedeni, piesele pe care le prezentm provin din

descoperiri nt}mpltoare, urmare a lucrrilor agricole i edilitare din zona

localitilor Mihail Koglniceanu i Palazu Mic (jud. Constana), unde au fost

identificate aezri antice1. Descoperirile mai vechi de la Mihail Koglniceanu i mprejurimi au

determinat localizarea n acest perimetru al vicus-ului Clementiani, n principal pe baza unei inscripii funerare latine, pe care este notat toponimul 2, consemnat i n alte dou r}nduri n inscripii votive reutilizate n zidurile cetii Ulmetum3, dovad a importanei aezrii rurale amintite mai nt}i.

n ultimii ani au aprut la Mihail Koglniceanu i n apropiere i alte materiale epigrafice i sculpturale, diferite piese litice de utilitate casnic, dar i ceramic, monede romane i coloniale, prezentate acum ntr-o colecie local4; a

1 n Lista monumentelor istorice din MO din 16 iulie 2004, nu figureaz aezarea

roman din SV localitii Mihail Koglniceanu; se regsesc, n schimb, obiective arheologice aflate n satele din jur: nr. 417 aezare din sec. I-IV p. Chr., n apropierea fostei Ferme de animale a IAS, la V de captul de NV al lacului Taaul (sat Sibioara, com. M. Koglniceanu); 418 tumuli de epoc antic n perimetrul satului Sibioara; despre Palazu Mic, vezi infra n. 53 i 54.

2 CIL III, 7565 = ISM II, 191(vicus Clementianus sau vicus Clementianum; asupra localizrii satului la Mihail Koglniceanu, vezi i infra nota 9).

3 DORUIU-BOIL, ISM V, p. 117 i nr. 92-93, localizeaz vicus Clementianensis n apropiere de Ulmetum; inscripiile sunt cuprinse i n ISM II,134 i 136.

4 Piesele au fost recuperate de-a lungul timpului de ctre W. Wisoenschi, profesor de istorie la Mihail Koglniceanu, care a alctuit o colecie particular, adpostit acum n parte n expoziia Fundaiei culturale Muata arm}n i a Muzeului Gheorghe Celea,

PIESE EPIGRAFICE I SCULPTURALE DIN TERITORIUL RURAL

411

fost identificat, de asemenea, o aezare roman la SV de comun, ansamblul descoperirilor pled}nd pentru localizarea n aceast zon a vicus-ului Clementianensis5, care a fcut probabil parte din teritoriul tomitan.

Cu sperana c i alte materiale din colecia amintit vor fi pe viitor obiect de studiu, ne oprim de aceast dat asupra unei inscripii votive, a doi st}lpi miliari i a dou piese funerare.

I Inscripie votiv. 1. Pies fragmentar din calcar poros, rupt pe latura dreapt i la baz,

descoperit nt}mpltor la Mihail Koglniceanu. Dimensiuni: . = 0,295 m; l. = 0,29 m; gr. = 0,30 m (n dreptul chenarului); .l. = 0,04-0,05 m. Fig. 1.

Literele au fost clar imprimate, fr s fie spate ad}nc *: alpha are baza median dreapt, my este redat cursiv, omega are form lunar i, tot astfel, epsilon i sigma; literele din r. 5, dei deteriorate la baz, se disting cu uurin: COYPI... Dup scris, inscripia dateaz din sec. III p. Chr. i se poate ntregi astfel:

[]

.

-

-

*?+

[. . . . . . .]

[]. n traducere: Noroc bun! Mamei Zeilor drept mulumit, Suris........*a consacrat ]. Micul altar pus drept prinos ()6 zeiei Cybele, conine numele

dedicantului (-ei) n finalul textului**; din pcate acesta se pstreaz fragmentar, fiind posibil s fie completat: , nume nt}lnit n mai multe r}nduri n Thracia7 sau eventual, , fr s excludem i o alt ntregire8, nume urmat probabil de patronimic i de verb.

din aceeai localitate.

5SUCEVEANU 1977, p. 51, n. 222; BRBULESCU 2001, p. 51 -52. * Calitatea calcarului i expunerea ndelungat a piesei n aer liber au dus n timp la

deteriorarea literelor. Am utilizat aici o nregistrare foto mai veche a inscripiei aflat l a Muzeul de istorie naional i arheologie Constana, clieu nr. 16172.

6 Vezi, de exemplu, ISM II, 125, 151, 157, 159, 162, 163, 451; ISM I, 107, 123, 357; ISM III, 67, 68 A, 81, 89, 90, 91, 239; IGB I2, p. 480 (indices).

** R}ndurile 3-5 cuprind 7-8 litere. 7IGB III/1, 963 ( []; 1392 ( []); /2, 1690 (

; ; ); 2337 (*+ *+; *+) etc.

8SEG, 15:469 (); IG VII, 1395, 3201, 3377 etc. (); IG II2, 11245 + AE 1968, p. 195-196 ( ); SEG 6:721 (); Suriacus (), Surilla (), Surinus () i altele sunt frecvent atestate n toate provinciile Imperiului Roman; sunt derivate de la Surus (nt}lnit la italici, celi, illiri, traci i semii, vezi RUSSU, 1969, p. 250-251; idem 1967, p. 124; SANIE 1981, 219; 240-241 (asupra semnificaiei

MARIA BRBULESCU, ADRIANA C]TEIA, WILLY WISOENSCHI

412

Cele trei inscripii latine care atest vicus Clementianensis, completate p}n acum de tot at}tea descoperiri epigrafice n limba greac, provenite de la Mihail Koglniceanu, dovedesc prezena unor traci cu nume pe cale de romanizare, civili romani, dar i orientali i greci cu nume romanizate, constat}ndu-se totodat influena greac, urmare, cu siguran, a apropierii Tomis-ului. Prosopografia din aceast aezare9 (i mprejurimi), legturile cu zona oriental a imperiului, explic apariia unei inscripii nchinate Mamei Zeilor, dedicaia put}nd s aparin unui localnic grecizat sau eventual greco-oriental, cu rezerva impus de numele fragmentar, sau unei adorante din aceeai comunitate (in}nd seama de rolul femeilor n practicarea cultului); se adaug, desigur, faptul c similitudinea onomastic i elementele religioase10 nu sunt ntotdeauna suficiente pentru a stabili apartenena etnic (sau proveniena) a unei persoane.

Cum s-a precizat n mai multe r}nduri, cultul Cybelei a ptruns de timpuriu, din sec. VI a. Chr., n coloniile greceti din bazin