if-clause
TRANSCRIPT
5/14/2018 IF-Clause - slidepdf.com
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IF Clause
prezentare
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Tip zero
Se refera la actiuni prezente, perfect
realizabile.
Ex.:
Daca plouă, imi iau umbrela.
If it rains I take my umbrella.
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Tip I
Se refera la actiuni viitoare, posibil realizabile.
Ex.: Daca va ploua, imi voi lua umbrela.
If it rains I’ll take my umbrella.
Observatie: Chiar daca in romana folosimviitor dupa “daca”, in engleza se folosestedoar prezentul!
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Tip II
Se refera la actiuni prezente, teoretic posibile. Setraduce cu conditional-optativul prezent din romana.
Ex.: Daca ar ploua, mi-as lua umbrela. If it rained, I would take my umbrella.! Atentie la urmatoarea exprimare:
Daca as fi in locul tau, m-as duce acolo. If I were you I would go there.Observatie: in cazul conditionalei tip II se foloseste
“were” la toate persoanele, inclusiv “he”,”she”,”it”!
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Tip III
Se refera la actiuni trecute, imposibil de a se mai realiza. Setraduce cu conditional-optativul perfect (trecut) din romana.
Ex.: Daca ar fi plouat, mi-as fi luat umbrela.
If it had rained I would have taken my umbrella.
Atentie!!! Se mai poate traduce si cu imperfectul din romana,
insa exprima tot o conditie, nu o actiune in desfasurare: Daca ploua, imi luam umbrela.
If it had rained I would have taken my umbrella.
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recapitulare
tip IF Propozitia principalao Present Present
I Present Future (viitor)
II
Past SimpleConditional prezent:S + would + V…
(could)
(should)
(might)
II
I
Past Perfect
Conditional perfect:
S + would + have + V(III)
(could)
(should)
(might)
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would sau could sau should sau might ?
Could => cand vrem sa exprimam “a putea” Might => cand vrem sa exprimam “s-ar putea”
Should => cand vrem sa exprimam “ar trebui”
Would => in restul situatiilor
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would sau could sau should sau might ?
Ex.:
Daca ai fi vrut, ai fi putut merge acolo. (tip III) If you had wanted, you could have gone there.
Daca ai fi vrut, s-ar fi putut sa reusesti. (tip III)
If you had wanted, you might have succeeded.
Daca ai fi vrut cartea, ar fi trebuit sa-mi spui. (tip III)
If you had wanted the book, you should have told me. Daca ai fi vrut, te-ai fi dus acolo. (tip III)
If you had wanted, you would have gone there.
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In cadrul frazei, propozitia principala se poate inversa cu
propozitia conditionala (adica cea introdusa prin “daca”)
Atentie la ordinea de aplicare a coloanelor din tabelul anterior!
Ex:
Te duci daca doresti. (tip 0)You go if you want. (present in princip.+present in “if”)
Te vei duce daca vei dori. (tip I)
You will go if you want. (future in princip.+present in “if”)
Te-ai duce daca ai dori (tip II).
You would go if you wanted. (condit.present in princip.+past in “if”) Te-ai fi dus daca ai fi dorit. (tip III)
You would have gone if you had wanted. (condit.perfect inprincip.+past perfect in “if”)
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Conditionale mixte
Daca m-ai fi ascultat, nu ai fi acum aici. – mixta III cuII
If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t be here now.
Observatie:
propozitia conditionala se refera la trecut (daca m-aifi ascultat).
propozitia principala se refera la prezent (nu ai fiacum aici).
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“unless” in loc de “if”
“unless” inlocuieste doua negatii printr-o negatie si o afirmatie.
* Ex. de informatie care poate fi exprimata prin “if” sau prin
“unless”, cu schimbare din negativ in afirmativ: Nu mi-as lua palaria daca tie nu ti-ar placea (tip II).
I wouldn’t take the hat if you didn’t like it.Sau
I wouldn’t take the hat unless you liked it.
Obs.: fraza cu “unless” mai poate fi tradusa “nu as lua palaria fara ca tie sa-ti placa ” – in acest caz se vede clar la care verb avemafirmatia si la care negatia.
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Conditionala cu “but for” in loc de
“daca n-ar fi ”/”daca n-ar fi fost ”
Daca n-ar fi scoala, am pleca in vacanta.(tip II) If it weren’t for school, we would leave on holiday.
Sau: But for school, we would leave on holiday.
Daca n-ar fi fost scoala, am fi plecat in vacanta.(tipIII)
If it hadn’t been for school we would have gone onholiday.
Sau:
But for school, we would have gone on holiday.
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Inversiuni
Daca el ar fi fost acolo, mi-ar fi adus ceva.(tip III) If he had been there he would have brought me something.Sau
Had he been there, he would have brought me something. (maiales in limbaj formal)
Obs.: la conditionala tip III “had” trece in locul lui “if”, care dispare.
# Acelasi lucru se poate aplica si in cazul conditionalei de tip II, dardoar cand avem “were”dupa “daca”.
Daca as fi in locul tau, as invata mai mult.(tip II) If I were you I would learn more.Sau
Were I you, I would learn more. (mai ales in limbaj formal)