IF Clause

prezentare

Tip zero

Se refera la actiuni prezente, perfect realizabile.

Ex.: Daca plouă, imi iau umbrela. If it rains I take my umbrella.

Tip I

Se refera la actiuni viitoare, posibil realizabile. Ex.: Daca va ploua, imi voi lua umbrela. If it rains I’ll take my umbrella.

Observatie: Chiar daca in romana folosim viitor dupa “daca”, in engleza se foloseste doar prezentul!

Tip II

Se refera la actiuni prezente, teoretic posibile. Se traduce cu conditional-optativul prezent din romana.

Ex.: Daca ar ploua, mi-as lua umbrela. If it rained, I would take my umbrella.! Atentie la urmatoarea exprimare: Daca as fi in locul tau, m-as duce acolo. If I were you I would go there.Observatie: in cazul conditionalei tip II se foloseste

“were” la toate persoanele, inclusiv “he”,”she”,”it”!

Tip III

Se refera la actiuni trecute, imposibil de a se mai realiza. Se traduce cu conditional-optativul perfect (trecut) din romana.

Ex.: Daca ar fi plouat, mi-as fi luat umbrela. If it had rained I would have taken my umbrella.

Atentie!!! Se mai poate traduce si cu imperfectul din romana, insa exprima tot o conditie, nu o actiune in desfasurare:

Daca ploua, imi luam umbrela. If it had rained I would have taken my umbrella.

recapitularetip IF

Propozitia principala

o Present Present

I Present Future (viitor)

II

Past Simple

Conditional prezent:S + would + V… (could) (should) (might)

III Past Perfect

Conditional perfect:S + would + have + V(III) (could) (should) (might)

would sau could sau should sau might ?

Could => cand vrem sa exprimam “a putea” Might => cand vrem sa exprimam “s-ar putea” Should => cand vrem sa exprimam “ar trebui” Would => in restul situatiilor

would sau could sau should sau might ?

Ex.:

Daca ai fi vrut, ai fi putut merge acolo. (tip III) If you had wanted, you could have gone there. Daca ai fi vrut, s-ar fi putut sa reusesti. (tip III) If you had wanted, you might have succeeded. Daca ai fi vrut cartea, ar fi trebuit sa-mi spui. (tip III) If you had wanted the book, you should have told me. Daca ai fi vrut, te-ai fi dus acolo. (tip III) If you had wanted, you would have gone there.

In cadrul frazei, propozitia principala se poate inversa cu propozitia conditionala (adica cea introdusa prin “daca”)

Atentie la ordinea de aplicare a coloanelor din tabelul anterior!Ex:Te duci daca doresti. (tip 0)You go if you want. (present in princip.+present in “if”)Te vei duce daca vei dori. (tip I)You will go if you want. (future in princip.+present in “if”)Te-ai duce daca ai dori (tip II).You would go if you wanted. (condit.present in princip.+past in “if”)Te-ai fi dus daca ai fi dorit. (tip III)You would have gone if you had wanted. (condit.perfect in princip.

+past perfect in “if”)

Conditionale mixte

Daca m-ai fi ascultat, nu ai fi acum aici. – mixta III cu II

If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t be here now.

Observatie: propozitia conditionala se refera la trecut (daca m-ai

fi ascultat). propozitia principala se refera la prezent (nu ai fi

acum aici).

“unless” in loc de “if”

“unless” inlocuieste doua negatii printr-o negatie si o afirmatie. * Ex. de informatie care poate fi exprimata prin “if” sau prin

“unless”, cu schimbare din negativ in afirmativ: Nu mi-as lua palaria daca tie nu ti-ar placea (tip II). I wouldn’t take the hat if you didn’t like it.Sau I wouldn’t take the hat unless you liked it.

Obs.: fraza cu “unless” mai poate fi tradusa “nu as lua palaria fara ca tie sa-ti placa” – in acest caz se vede clar la care verb avem afirmatia si la care negatia.

Conditionala cu “but for” in loc de “daca n-ar fi”/”daca n-ar fi fost”

Daca n-ar fi scoala, am pleca in vacanta.(tip II) If it weren’t for school, we would leave on holiday.Sau: But for school, we would leave on holiday.

Daca n-ar fi fost scoala, am fi plecat in vacanta.(tip III)

If it hadn’t been for school we would have gone on holiday.

Sau: But for school, we would have gone on holiday.

Inversiuni

Daca el ar fi fost acolo, mi-ar fi adus ceva.(tip III) If he had been there he would have brought me something.Sau Had he been there, he would have brought me something. (mai

ales in limbaj formal)Obs.: la conditionala tip III “had” trece in locul lui “if”, care dispare.

# Acelasi lucru se poate aplica si in cazul conditionalei de tip II, dar doar cand avem “were”dupa “daca”.

Daca as fi in locul tau, as invata mai mult.(tip II) If I were you I would learn more.Sau Were I you, I would learn more. (mai ales in limbaj formal)