gradinar v. moldova en (1)

8/19/2019 Gradinar v. Moldova en (1)

1/34

CONSEILDE L’EUROPE COUNCILOF EUROPE

COUR EUROPÉENNE DES DROITS DE L’HOMMEEUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Art. 6, dreptul la u pr!"e# e"$%ta&%l, Art. 6'( )peal*, apl%"a&%l%tatea, pr!"e# peal, de"e#ul a"u+atulu%, -dua,Gr-d%ar . Repu&l%"a M!ld!a, r. (/0/1, /2./3.1//2

FOURTH SECTION

CASE OF GRĂDINAR v. MOLDOVA

(Application no. 7170/02)

4UDGMENT

STRAS5OURG

2 Apr%l 1//2

FINAL

08/07/2008

This judgment may be subject to editorial reision.


2/34

GRDINAR . MOLDO7A 4UDGMENT (

In the case of Grădinar v. Modova!T$e Eur!pea C!urt !8 Hu9a R%:$t# )F!urt$ Se"t%!*, #%tt%: a# a

C$a9&er"!9p!#ed !8; N%"!la#5rat+a, !resident"4!#epCa#adeall,G%!a%5!ell!,Sta%#laPal!#"$%,Le"$Garl%"%


3/34

1 GRDINAR . MOLDO7A 4UDGMENT

. T$e appl%"at @a# &!r % (6 ad l%e# % C!9rat. S$e a"t# ! &e$al8 !8 $er de"ea#ed $u#&ad, Mr Petru Gr-d%ar )G.*.

6. T$e 8a"t# !8 t$e "a#e, a# #u&9%tted & t$e part%e#, 9a &e #u99ar%#eda# 8!ll!@#.

1. The bac%ground o& the case

. G. @a# % "!8l%"t @%t$ a u9&er !8 !88%"er# !8 t$e C!9rat p!l%"e ad@a# alle:edl per#e"uted & t$!#e !88%"er# 8!r "r%t%"%#%: t$e9 ad $elp%:alle:ed %"t%9# !8 p!l%"e a&u#e. I ( G. @a# alle:edl a&du"ted & t$el!"al p!l%"e ad a ra#!9 @a# reKue#ted. Ha%: &ee


4/34

GRDINAR . MOLDO7A 4UDGMENT

G. % $%# !@ "ar. I t$e 8!re#t, t$e "!t%ued &eat%: D. ad t$e l!aded$%9 %t! t$e &!!t !8 $%# "ar, #praed petr!l all !er %t ad #et t$e "ar ! 8%re.

T$e appl%"at d%#puted t$%# er#%! !8 eet#.(. O 1/ Ma ( t$e C$%%-u Re:%!al C!urt a"Ku%tted all t$ree

#u#pe"t#. O 1( O"t!&er ( t$e C!urt !8 Appeal up$eld t$at Bud:9et.(3. O De"e9&er ( a &!9& eJpl!ded ear G.’# $!u#e &ut !&!d

@a# $urt. G. l!d:ed a "!9pla%t ad reKue#ted 9ea#ure# !8 pr!te"t%!. T$e"r%9%al %e#t%:at%! %%t%ated at $%# reKue#t "!uld !t %det%8 t$e &!9&er#ad @a# "l!#ed % Fe&ruar (2. T$e M%%#tr !8 t$e Iter%!r re8u#ed t!appl 9ea#ure# !8 pr!te"t%! t! $%9 &e"au#e $e $ad !t re"e%ed a t$reat#ad t$ere @a# ! rea#! t! eJpe"t a repeat !8 t$e &!9&%:.

(. O (1 4auar (2 t$e Supre9e C!urt !8 4u#t%"e Kua#$ed t$e l!@er "!urt#’ Bud:9et# !8 1/ Ma ad 1( O"t!&er ( ad !rdered a 8ull

re$ear%: !8 t$e "a#e.(6. O (( 4ue ( G. ad $%# #! @ere


5/34


t$e t@! 9e @ere #u#pe"t# % a "r%9%al "a#e ad a detet%! #$!uld $ae &ee !rdered ! t$at &a#%#.

1(. O ( Septe9&er ( G. ad D.C. @ere ta


6/34


16. O 1/ Mar"$ (6 a!t$er 9ed%"al eJa9%at%! !8 G. @a# "arr%ed!ut at t$e reKue#t !8 t$e %e#t%:at!r. $%le ! #%:# !8 %lltreat9et @ere

8!ud, t$e d%a:!#%# @a# 9%ld "!#eKue"e# !8 "ra%!"ere&ral trau9a @%t$$pert!%" #dr!9e ad G. @a# ad%#ed t! uder:! %pat%et treat9et.He re8u#ed, &ut % Ma (6 $e $ad t! &e ad9%tted t! t$e $!#p%tal a# a re#ult!8 t$e $ead %Bur%e# ad eur%t%#% t$e le:. He #taed at t$e $!#p%tal ut%lDe"e9&er (6.

1. T$e "!urt al#! 8!ud t$at, !@%: t! ar%!u# %!lat%!# !8 t$e rule# !"r%9%al pr!"edure, %"lud%: t$e u#e !8 %lltreat9et 8!r t$e purp!#e !8 !&ta%%: a "!8e##%!, t$e #el8%"r%9%at!r de"larat%!# 9ade & t$e t$%rd#u#pe"t, G.C., @$! $ad &ee arre#ted % Ru##%a, "!uld !t &e a""epted a#e%de"e. N! pr!per reKue#t $ad &ee 9ade & t$e M!ld!a aut$!r%t%e# t!t$e%r Ru##%a "!uterpart# t! Kue#t%! G.C. ad $e "!uld !t pr!perl &e

Kue#t%!ed & t$e Ru##%a aut$!r%t%e# &e"au#e $e @a# !t a Ru##%a "%t%+e.12. T$e "!urt 8!ud t$at % all t$e #tate9et# 9ade & t$e #u#pe"t# t$ere

@a# ! 8a"t !8 @$%"$ t$e pr!#e"ut%! $ad !t alread &ee a@are &e8!re t$eKue#t%!%:. Furt$er9!re, G.’# "!9pla%t t$at $e $ad &ee #$!@ a %de! !8 D.C.’# #tate9et#, %"lud%: t$!#e 9ade dur%: t$e "r%9e #"ee%e#t%:at%!, $ad &ee 9ade at a t%9e @$e $e @a# #t%ll a @%te## ad $ad! r%:$t !8 a""e## t! t$e "a#e8%le $e @a# !t ee #upp!#ed t! $ae


7/34


1. T$e #tate9et# ta


8/34


Kue#t%!%: % t$e "a#e % @$%"$ G.$ad a""u#ed $%9 !8 a&du"t%! % (t$at $e @a# ! :!!d ter9# @%t$ G.

. I add%t%!, @$%le D. $ad !peed a "r%9%al %e#t%:at%! % re#pe"t!8G.C. ! (6 4ue (3, $e $ad !t ta


9/34


#"ee ad $ad #ee t$e &urt!ut "ar !l 8r!9 a d%#ta"e. C!trar t! le:alreKu%re9et#, t$e $ad !t $ad a eJplaat%! !8 t$e%r r%:$t# ad

!&l%:at%!# a# @%te##e#, t$e $ad !t #ee @$at t$e p!l%"e $ad 8!ud ! t$e#"ee ad t$e $ad !t #ee t$e %de! re"!rd%: !8 t$e eet &e8!re #%:%:t$e rep!rt ad 9ap.

3. I add%t%!, @$%le a "ar tre pr%t $ad &ee 8!ud at t$e "r%9e #"ee,a "!p $ad !t &ee 9ade. D.’# d!"u9et#, 8!ud %ta"t ad "!#p%"u!u#ld%#plaed ear&, $ad !t &ee eJa9%ed 8!r 8%:erpr%t#, ee t$!u:$ t$e$ad a pla#t%" "!er t$at "!uld $ae reta%ed pr%t#.

36. A p%e"e !8 8a&r%" 8!ud ! a &u#$ $ad &ee de#"r%&ed &ut !t l!"ated! t$e 9ap ad !t #u&Be"ted t! eJpert aal#%#. T$e aal#%# !8 t$e#u#pe"t#’ "l!t$e# @$%"$ t$e $ad @!r ! t$at %:$t d%d !t reeal aele9et #u::e#t%: t$at t$e $ad &ee at t$e "r%9e #"ee.

A petr!l ta< 8!ud at t$e #"ee $ad l%


10/34


1. T$e de8e"e "la%9ed t$at, a8ter a &r%e8 %%t%al %e#t%:at%! !8 t$e#$!!t%:, %"lud%: a &all%#t%"# rep!rt, t$e releat e%de"e $ad &ee

@%t$dra@ ad eJa9%ed % a e@ "r%9%al "a#e, % !rder t! preet t$eeJa9%at%! !8 alterat%e lead# % t$e a""u#ed’# "a#e. T$e "!urt 8!ud !e%de"e !8 a &all%#t%"# rep!rt, &ut !ted t$e pre#e"e !8 re"!rd# !8 %ter%e@# !8 @%te##e# @$! $ad $eard t$e #$!t#. M!re!er, a "artr%d:e "a#e@a# 8!ud % D.’# "ar, t$e !r%:% !8 @$%"$ $ad !t &ee eJpla%ed. T$e "!urt"!"luded t$at %%t%all t$ere $ad &ee a!t$er lead % t$e "a#e @$%"$ $ad!t &ee 8ull %e#t%:ated.

. T$e "!urt al#! eJa9%ed t$e e%de"e relat%: t! t$e %det%8%"at%! !8 t$e $u9a re9a%# 8!ud % t$e "ar ad de"%ded t$at t$e %det%t !8 t$e%"t%9 $ad !t &ee e#ta&l%#$ed.

3. T$e "!urt al#! 8!ud, 8r!9 t$e #tate9et# !8 a u9&er !8 @%te##e#,

%"lud%: p!l%"e !88%"er#, t$at t$e a##u9pt%! t$at t$e t$ree #u#pe"t# $ad"!99%tted t$e "r%9e $ad e9er:ed %99ed%atel ad re9a%ed !t Bu#t t$e9a% #"ear%! uder "!#%derat%!, &ut % 8a"t t$e !l !e eJa9%ed dur%:t$e et%re %e#t%:at%!. I t$e "!urt’# %e@, t$%# @a# "!8%r9ed & t$e8a%lure t! eJa9%e % a deta%l t$e e#ta&l%#$ed 8a"t !8 t$e #$!!t%: % t$earea !8 t$e r!uda&!ut.

. T$e "!urt al#! !ted t$e :eeral att%tude !8 t$e l!"al p!l%"e !88%"er#t!@ard# t$e #u#pe"t# d%#plaed % t$e%r letter !8 3 Ma ( )#ee

para:rap$ a&!e*, @$%"$ $ad led %t t! "!"lude t$at t$e l!"al p!l%"e $ad8!r9ed a #tr!:l e:at%e att%tude t!@ard# t$e #u#pe"t# ee &e8!re t$e"r%9e $ad &ee "!99%tted. Added t! t$at @a# t$e l!## t! t$e p!l%"e #tat%!% t$e 8!r9 !8 t$e p!l%"e "ar t$at $ad &ee de#tr!ed. T$e "!urt "!"ludedt$at t$at p!l%"e #tat%! #$!uld !t $ae &ee %!led at all % t$e%e#t%:at%! !8 t$e "r%9e. N!et$ele##, 9!#t pr!"edural #tep# % t$e %%t%al

p$a#e !8 t$e %e#t%:at%! !8 t$e "a#e $ad &ee per8!r9ed & !88%"er# 8r!9t$at p!l%"e #tat%!.

"f# E+%ert re%orts6. T$e "!urt eJa9%ed t$e eJpert rep!rt# ! ar%!u# %te9# 8!ud % ad

ar!ud t$e "ar. It "!"luded t$at 9!#t !8 t$!#e rep!rt# $ad &ee 8%led %#er%!u# &rea"$ !8 t$e rule# ! "r%9%al pr!"edure )!ta&l, t$e pre#u9ed%det%t !8 t$e $u9a re9a%# 8!ud % t$e &urt!ut "ar $ad alread &ee

@r%tte ! t$e 9ater%al# pre#eted t! t$e eJpert#, @$! @ere uder t$e%9pre##%! t$at t$e 8a"t $ad alread &ee e#ta&l%#$ed* !r $ad &ee #er%!u#luder9%ed & t$e %9pr!per 9aer % @$%"$ #a9ple# $ad &ee !&ta%eddur%: t$e "r%9e #"ee%e#t%:at%!.

. T$e "!urt "!"luded t$at t$e#e rep!rt# e%t$er "!8%r9ed, !r de%edt$e %det%t !8 t$e %"t%9. T$e !&Be"t# 8!ud % t$e "ar ad %det%8%ed a#

&el!:%: t! t$e alle:ed %"t%9 @ere !t %#epara&le 8r!9 $%9 ad "!uld$ae &ee pla"ed t$ere. M!re!er, t$e pr!#e"ut%! $ad :%e ! eJplaat%!a# t! @$ t$!#e @$! $ad "!99%tted t$e "r%9e, $a%: ta


11/34

(/ GRDINAR . MOLDO7A 4UDGMENT

% a !pe #pa"e ear&, "!#p%"u!u#l d%#plaed @%t$ $%# p%"tureatta"$ed.

" Overa conc*sion of the Chi,ină* Re&iona Co*rt2. T$e "!urt "!#%dered t$at "red%&%l%t "!uld &e atta"$ed t! t$e

#tate9et#& t$e a""u#ed t$at %lle:al 8!r9# !8 pre##ure $ad &ee u#ed !t$e9 ad t! t$!#e 9ade& #!9e @%te##e# a&!ut &e%: 8!r"ed & t$e p!l%"et! :%e 8al#e #tate9et#.

. T$e "!urt al#! 8!ud t$at t$e %e#t%:at%! $ad &ee u%lateral ad &%a#ed a:a%#t t$e #u#pe"t#. It 8!ud t$at %t $ad !t &ee pr!ed t$at t$ere9a%# % t$e &urt!ut "ar &el!:ed t! t$e alle:ed %"t%9. $%le %t $ad

&ee pr!ed t$at a "r%9e $ad &ee "!99%tted & &ur%: t$e "ar ad au%det%8%ed per#! %#%de %t, t$ere @a# ! e%de"e t! #$!@ t$at t$e#u#pe"t# @ere t$e perpetrat!r# !8 t$e "r%9e. M!#t !8 t$e e%de"e :at$ered

@a# urel%a&le !@%: t! &rea"$e# !8 "r%9%al pr!"edure ad "!uld !t #erea# a &a#%# 8!r a "!%"t%!. O t$e &a#%# !8 %t# 8%d%:#, t$e "!urt a"Ku%ttedall t$ree #u#pe"t#.

5. 6udgment o& the hiin*u ourt o& Appeal (51 6anuary 2000)

6/. O ( 4auar 1/// t$e C!urt !8 Appeal Kua#$ed t$e Bud:9et !8 t$e C$%%-u Re:%!al C!urt ad ad!pted a e@ !e, "!%"t%:D.C.,G.C.ad G.It d%d !t #ete"e G. &e"au#e !8 $%# deat$ % (.

6(. T$e "!urt re"!uted % deta%l t$e #eKue"e !8 eet# a# #u&9%tted &t$e pr!#e"ut%!. It t$e eJa9%ed t$e part%e#’ #u&9%##%!# ad t$e 9ater%al

% t$e "a#e8%le ad eJa9%ed !e @%te## )Dr P.O.*. T$e "!urt !ted t$e"!tet# !8 t$e %ter%e@# !8 ea"$ !8 t$e a""u#ed dur%: t$e %e#t%:at%! )!8 G.C. ! ( ad N!e9&er (, !8 D.C. 8r!9 ( t! 1/ Septe9&er, O"t!&er ad (/ N!e9&er ( ad !8 G., @%t$!ut #pe"%8%: a #pe"%8%"date % $%# "a#e &ut rat$er #tat%: t$at $e $ad :%e :eu%e "!8e##%!#t$r!u:$!ut t$e %e#t%:at%!*.

61. It 8!ud t$at t$e t$ree #u#pe"t# $ad ! a u9&er !8 !""a#%!# 9ade:eu%e ad "!#%#tet "!8e##%!# % t$e pre#e"e !8 t$e%r la@er# ad t$atG.C.$ad @r%tte !e !8 $%# "!8e##%!# $%9#el8. D.C.’# "!8e##%! !8 ( ad1/ Septe9&er ( $ad &ee 8%l9ed.

6. T$e "!urt "!#%dered t$at all !8 t$e a&!e pre"luded t$e p!##%&%l%t

!8 %lltreat9et ad t$at t$e #u#pe"t#’ "!8e##%!# $ad %"!rre"tl &eeeJ"luded 8r!9 t$e e%de"e & t$e 8%r#t%#ta"e "!urt. T$e #u#pe"t# $ad"$a:ed t$e%r #tate9et# t!@ard# t$e ed !8 t$e %e#t%:at%! !l t! a!%d"r%9%al re#p!#%&%l%t.

63. I t$e "!urt’# !p%%!, t$ere @a# ! e%de"e !8 a %lltreat9et !8 t$e a""u#ed. T$e !88%"er# Kue#t%!ed % t$at re:ard all de%ed $a%: appl%ed#u"$ treat9et ad G.’# per#!al 9ed%"al 8%le 8r!9 $%# $!#p%tal treat9et %O"t!&er ( d%d !t e#ta&l%#$ a e%de"e !8 %lltreat9et. Dr P.O. d%d !t"!8%r9 t$e %lltreat9et.


12/34

GRDINAR . MOLDO7A 4UDGMENT ((

6. T$e !88%"er @$! $ad Kue#t%!ed G.C. a8ter arre#t%: $%9 % Ru##%ate#t%8%ed t! t$e 8a"t t$at G.C. $ad &ee la@8ull Kue#t%!ed ad t$at $e $ad

!t &ee #u&Be"ted t! a 8!r9 !8 %lltreat9et. 5e"au#e G.C. $ad a Ru##%are#%de"e %#a % $%# pa##p!rt 8!r (, t$e Ru##%a %e#t%:at%: aut$!r%t%e#$ad treated $%9 a# a Ru##%a "%t%+e ad t$ere $ad t$u# &ee ! eed 8!r a#pe"%al reKue#t & a M!ld!a aut$!r%t t! t$at e88e"t.

66. T$e "!urt !ted t$at all t$ree #u#pe"t# $ad 9ade #%9%lar #tate9et#,d%88er%: !l a# re:ard# t$e%r re#pe"t%e r!le# % "!99%tt%: t$e "r%9e. T$e"!urt "!#%dered t$at t$e%r #ueKuet de%al !8 "!99%tt%: t$e "r%9e adt$e #l%:$t ar%at%!# % t$e%r er#%!# !8 eet# @a# a atte9pt t! a!%d"r%9%al re#p!#%&%l%t.

6. T$e "r%9e #"ee %e#t%:at%! $ad &ee "!du"ted % t$e pre#e"e !8 @%te##e# ad G.’# la@er ad @a# 8%l9ed. 5!t$ D.C. ad G.$ad &ee a&le

"learl t! %d%"ate t$e pla"e ad t$e 9aer !8 D.’#


13/34

(1 GRDINAR . MOLDO7A 4UDGMENT

3. T$e "!urt 8%r#t re"!uted % deta%l t$e pr!#e"ut%!’# er#%! !8 eet#, t$e 8%d%:# !8 t$e l!@er "!urt# % t$e "a#e ad t$e ar:u9et# ra%#ed

& t$e de8e"e, %"lud%: a al%&% 8!r t$e a""u#ed.. T$e "!urt de"lared t$at %t a""epted !l la@8ull !&ta%ed e%de"e

a# t$e &a#%# 8!r %t# Bud:9et, e%de"e @$%"$ %t 8!ud #u88%"%et t! "!8%r9t$e :u%lt !8 t$e a""u#ed QG.C., QD.C. ad QG. % $a%: "!99%tted t$e a"t#!8 @$%"$ t$e are a""u#ed. It re8erred t! t$e "!tet# !8 t$e #el8%"r%9%at%: #tate9et# 9ade & t$e a""u#ed ! O"t!&er ad N!e9&er ( ad !ted t$at t$e#e #tate9et# $ad &ee 9ade % t$e

pre#e"e !8 t$e%r la@er#. It "!8%r9ed t$e C!urt !8 Appeal’# a""epta"e !8 t$e #el8%"r%9%at%: #tate9et# a# t$e de"%#%e e%de"e % t$e "a#e. T$ea""u#ed $ad 9ade #%9%lar #tate9et# t$e d%#"repa"%e# relat%: t! t$e r!le!8 ea"$ % "!99%tt%: t$e "r%9e @ere t$e re#ult !8 t$e%r atte9pt t! tra#8er

9!#t !8 t$e :u%lt t! t$e !t$er#.6. T$e "!urt al#! 8!ud t$at t$e a""u#ed $ad !t @%t$dra@ t$e%r

#tate9et# ut%l 6 Mar"$ (6, @$e t$e de"lared t$at t$e $ad &ee %lltreated. T$e 8%r#t%#ta"e "!urt;

:ae "red%&%l%t t! t$e a""u#ed’# de"larat%!#, ee t$!u:$ t$e $ad !t &ee pr!ed, @$%le de"%d%:, @%t$!ut a &a#%#, t$at @%te##e# @$! te#t%8%ed t$at t$ere $ad &ee ! %lltreat9et @ere %tere#ted per#!# ad #$!uld t$u# $ae t$e%r te#t%9!eJ"luded.

. T$e "!urt al#! !ted t$e #tate9et# !8 #eeral @%te##e# @$!"!8%r9ed t$at t$e Kuarrel at t$e &ar $ad ta


14/34


ad ar!ud t$e "ar, #u"$ a#


15/34


)&* t$e #p!u#e ad !t$er "l!#e relat%e# !8 a "!%"ted per#!, ee a8ter $%# !r $er deat$.

2. T$e releat pr!%#%!# !8 t$e A"t ! "!9pe#at%! 8!r da9a:e"au#ed & t$e %lle:al a"t# !8 t$e "r%9%al %e#t%:at%: aut$!r%t%e#,

pr!#e"ut%: aut$!r%t%e# ad "!urt# )!. (3 )(2** read a# 8!ll!@#;Se"t%!

)(* Pur#uat t! t$e pre#et A"t, "!9pe#at%! #$all &e paa&le 8!r pe"u%ar ad!pe"u%ar da9a:e "au#ed t! a atural !r le:al per#! a# a re#ult !8;

)a* ula@8ul detet%! !r arre#t ...

)&* ula@8ul "!%"t%! ...

...

)d* ula@8ul ad9%%#trat%e detet%! !r arre#t ...

Se"t%!

)(* At t$e t%9e !8 !t%8%: a&!ut ... a a"Ku%ttal ..., t$e atural per#! )% "a#e !8 $%# !r $er deat$ t$e $e%r#* ... #$all &e $aded a !t%"e % a tp%"al 8!r9 eJpla%%: t$e%r r%:$t ad pr!"edure 8!r a#


16/34


2. S$e al#! "!9pla%ed a&!ut t$e u8a%re## !8 t$e pr!"eed%:# a:a%#tG., alle:%: a &rea"$ !8 Art%"le 6 ' ( !8 t$e C!et%!, t$e releat part !8

@$%"$ read# a# 8!ll!@#;I t$e deter9%at%! !8 ... a "r%9%al "$ar:e a:a%#t $%9, eer!e %# et%tled t! a

8a%r ... $ear%: ... & Qa ... tr%&ual...

22. S$e al#! "!#%dered t$at t$e aut$!r%t%e#’ 8a%lure t! pr!te"t $er $u#&ad a9!uted t! a %!lat%! !8 Art%"le (2 !8 t$e C!et%!, @$%"$read#;

T$e re#tr%"t%!# per9%tted uder Qt$e C!et%! t! t$e #a%d r%:$t# ad 8reed!9##$all !t &e appl%ed 8!r a purp!#e !t$er t$a t$!#e 8!r @$%"$ t$e $ae &ee

pre#"r%&ed.

I. ADMISSI5ILIT OF THE COMPLAINTS

A. Co$%aints *nder Artices - and / of the Convention2. T$e C!urt "!#%der# t$at t$e appl%"at $a# !t #utat%ated $er

"!9pla%t# uder Art%"le# 1 ad (2 !8 t$e C!et%!. It !te# t$at a"r%9%al %e#t%:at%! @a# !peed %t! t$e ( atta"< &ut $ad t! &e "l!#ed8!r la"< !8 %8!r9at%! a&!ut t$e perpetrat!r# !8 t$e atta"< )#ee para:rap$#(3 ad (6a&!e*. T$ere @a# ! 8!ll!@up t! t$at atta"


17/34


1//I ad 'air&ield and others . the :nited ;ingdom )de".*, 13/0/3,2 Mar"$ 1//*.

(. T$e C!urt $a# "!#%#tetl reBe"ted a# %ad9%##%&le ratione personaeappl%"at%!# l!d:ed & t$e relat%e# !8 de"ea#ed per#!# % re#pe"t !8 alle:ed %!lat%!# !8 r%:$t# !t$er t$a t$!#e pr!te"ted & Art%"le# 1 ad !8 t$e C!et%! )#ee, 8!r %#ta"e, 'air&ield , "%ted a&!e, ad ac, t$e

pr!"eed%:# "!"er a deter9%at%! !8 a "r%9%al "$ar:e a:a%#t a!t$er per#!.

. It %# %9p!rtat, % #u"$ #%tuat%!#, t! er%8 @$et$er t$ere @a# ad%#pute )contestation?* !er t$e "%%l r%:$t #! %!


18/34


"!#%der# t$at t$e pre#et "a#e re#e9&le# t$at % @l%enboc%ho&& , "%teda&!e, % re#pe"t !8 t$e appl%"at’# %"t%9 #tatu# #%"e G.’# "!%"t%! p!#t

9!rte9 $a# a88e"ted t$e appl%"at % a d%re"t 9aer.I t$%# re#pe"t,t$eC!urt !te# t$at t$e !l :r!ud 8!r t$e "!urt# t! $ae "!t%ued t! eJa9%et$e "$ar:e# a:a%#t G. @a# $%# @%d!@’# eJpre## de#%re t! pr!e t$at $er late$u#&ad $ad !t "!99%tted a "r%9e. I t$e%r add%t%!al !erat%!# !8 (/ Septe9&er 1// t$e G!er9et "!8%r9ed t$%# & #tat%: t$at t$eult%9ate :!al !8 t$e pr!"eed%:# a:a%#t G. a8ter $%# deat$ $ad &ee t!e#ta&l%#$ t$e trut$ ad t$at, $ad G. &ee pr!ed %!"et % t$!#e

pr!"eed%:#, $e @!uld $ae &ee 8ull re$a&%l%tated, @%t$ %9p!rtat e88e"t#8!r a "%%l la@ "la%9#.

6. T$e C!urt 9u#t er%8 @$et$er d!9e#t%" la@ :ae t$e appl%"at a#pe"%8%" r%:$t# @$%"$ "!uld &e "!#%dered "%%l @%t$% t$e 9ea%: !8

Art%"le 6 !8 t$e C!et%!. It !te# t$at M!ld!a la@ )#ee Art%"le )2* !8 t$e C!de !8 Cr%9%al Pr!"edure )CCP*, para:rap$ 23 a&!e* pr!$%&%tedt$e %%t%at%! !r "!t%uat%! !8 "r%9%al pr!"eed%:# a:a%#t a de"ea#ed

per#!, #ae @$e t$%# @a# e"e##ar 8!r $%# !r $er re$a&%l%tat%!. T$%#appear# t! $ae &ee t$e "a#e % re#pe"t !8 G. )#ee t$e pre"ed%: para:rap$*.

. M!re!er, A"t !. (3 )#ee para:rap$ 2 a&!e* all!@edt$eappl%"at, %8 #$e #u""eeded % pr!%: t$e %!"e"e !8 $er de"ea#ed$u#&ad, t! "la%9 "!9pe#at%! ad pu&l%" ap!l!:%e# 8r!9 t$e pr!#e"ut%!’#!88%"e 8!r G.’# ula@8ul detet%! ad "!%"t%!. 5!t$ t$e#e r%:$t# 8all@%t$% t$e 9ea%: !8 "%%l r%:$t# uder Art%"le 6 !8 t$e C!et%!.

2. It 8!ll!@# t$at t$e d!9e#t%" la@ :ae t$e appl%"at d%#t%"t r%:$t# %$er !@ a9e @$e #$e @a# all!@ed t! %teree % t$e pr!"eed%:#8!ll!@%: $er $u#&ad’# deat$.

. T$e C!urt al#! re"all# t$at %t %# !t %t# pr%9ar ta#< t! %terpretd!9e#t%" la@. It !te# t$at t$e d!9e#t%" "!urt# d%d !t !&Be"t t! t$eappl%"at’# %"t%9 #tatu# ad all!@ed $er t! %teree % t$e pr!"eed%:#,re"!:%#%: $er a u9&er !8 pr!"edural r%:$t# #u"$ a# t$e r%:$t t! appeal, t!#u&9%t e%de"e ad t! l!d:e "%%l "la%9#. Su"$ re"!:%t%! !8 t$eappl%"at’# r%:$t# & t$e d!9e#t%" "!urt# "reate# a prima &acie

pre#u9pt%!t$at #$e %deed eB!ed t$e releat r%:$t#, ad t$at, #%"e t$ed!9e#t%" la@ all!@ed $er t! $ae t$e "a#e eJa9%ed & t$e "!urt#, Art%"le 6

!8 t$e C!et%! appl%ed)"8., mutatis mutandis, Bilho Cs%elinen and 9thers . 'inland QGC, !. 610//, ' , ECHR 1//...*.(//. I %e@ !8 t$e "lear le:al pr!%#%!#, a# %terpreted & t$e d!9e#t%"

"!urt#, & %rtue !8 @$%"$ t$e appl%"at "!uld eJer"%#e $er !@ "%%l r%:$t#@%t$% t$e "r%9%al pr!"eed%:# a:a%#t G., t$e C!urt "!"lude# t$at t$eappl%"at "!uld rel ! Art%"le 6 !8 t$e C!et%! uder %t# "%%l $ead )#ee

;ur>ac, "%ted a&!e*.(/(. M!re!er, t$e C!urt "!#%der# t$at t$e eJer"%#e !8 t$e appl%"at’#

r%:$t#, a# @ell a# t$e pr!te"t%! !8 t$e appl%"at’# 8!r9er $u#&ad’# :!!da9e % l%e @%t$ t$e pre#u9pt%! !8 %!"e"e )a# % @l%enboc%ho&& , "%ted


19/34


a&!e*, depeded #!lel ! t$e !ut"!9e !8 t$e "r%9%al pr!"eed%:# a:a%#tG. T$e 8%d%: !8 G.’# :u%lt % t$!#e pr!"eed%:# pre"luded a "%%l "la%9

#%"e all #u"$ "la%9# @ere #u&Be"t t! pr!%: t$e ula@8ul detet%! !r "!%"t%! !8 G. )#ee para:rap$ 2 a&!e*, a %##ue t$at &e"a9e res judicata!"e G. $ad &ee "!%"ted & a 8%al "!urt Bud:9et. T$e C!urt t$ere8!re"!#%der# t$at a #$!rt"!9%:# % t$e pr!"eed%:# "apa&le !8 preet%:t$e 8a%r eJa9%at%! !8 t$e "a#e a:a%#t t$e appl%"at’# late $u#&ad adlead%: t! a u8a%r "!%"t%! @!uld e"e##ar%l re#ult % %!lat%!# !8 $er !@ "%%l r%:$t#, #%"e all $er "la%9# @ere #u&Be"t t! t$e 8%d%: !8 G.’# :u%lt!r %!"e"e.

(/1. T$e C!urt 8urt$er !te# t$at t$e M!ld!a G!er9et $ae !tra%#ed a !&Be"t%! relat%: t! t$e appl%"at’# %"t%9 #tatu#, !r la"< !8 %t.

(/. I "!"lu#%!, t$e C!urt "!#%der# t$at 8!r t$e 8!re:!%: rea#!#

ad % t$e eJ"ept%!al "%r"u9#ta"e# !8 t$e pre#et "a#e, t$e appl%"at $a##tad%: t! %tr!du"e t$e pre#et appl%"at%!.

(/3. T$e C!urt "!#%der# t$at t$e appl%"at’# "!9pla%t uder Art%"le 6!8 t$e C!et%! ra%#e# Kue#t%!# !8 8a"t ad la@ @$%"$ are #u88%"%etl#er%!u# t$at %t#deter9%at%! #$!uld deped ! a eJa9%at%! !8 %t#9er%t#.N! :r!ud# 8!r de"lar%: %t %ad9%##%&le $ae &ee e#ta&l%#$ed. T$eC!urt t$ere8!re de"lare# t$%# "!9pla%t ad9%##%&le. I a""!rda"e @%t$ %t#de"%#%! t! appl Art%"le 1 ' !8 t$e C!et%! )#ee para:rap$ 3 a&!e*,t$e C!urt @%ll %99ed%atel "!#%der t$e 9er%t# !8 t$e "!9pla%t.

II. ALLEGED 7IOLATION OF ARTICLE 6' ( OF THE CON7ENTION

A. Ar&*$ents of the %arties(/. T$e appl%"at "!9pla%ed t$at t$e "r%9%al pr!"eed%:# a:a%#t $er

$u#&ad $ad &ee u8a%r. S$e "la%9ed t$at !er (// ar%!u# le:al pr!%#%!#$ad &ee &rea"$ed dur%: t$e "r%9%al %e#t%:at%! ad t$e tr%al, a# pla%l"!8%r9ed & t$e C$%%-u Re:%!al C!urt.

(/6. T$e G!er9et#u&9%tted t$at t$e d!9e#t%" "!urt# $ad ad!ptedrea#!ed Bud:9et# a8ter eJa9%%: all t$e e%de"e % t$e 8%le ad 8ulla##e##%: t$e "%r"u9#ta"e# !8 t$e "a#e. I t$e%r %e@, t$e C!urt "!uld !tta


20/34


#u&9%##%!#, ar:u9et# ad e%de"e, @%t$!ut preBud%"e t! %t# a##e##9et !r t! @$et$er t$e are releat 8!r %t# de"%#%!, :%e t$at t$e C!urt %# !t

"alled up! t! eJa9%e @$et$er ar:u9et# are adeKuatel 9et )#ee !ere> . 'rance QGC, !. 3120, ' 2/, ECHR 1//3I, ad escu. $omania,!. 6(/10//, ' 6, 13 Ma 1//*. Neert$ele##, alt$!u:$ Art%"le 6 ' (!&l%:e# "!urt# t! :%e rea#!# 8!r t$e%r de"%#%!#, %t "a!t &e uder#t!!d a#reKu%r%: a deta%led a#@er t! eer ar:u9et )#ee Ban de Dur% . the @etherlands, Bud:9et !8 ( Apr%l (3, Ser%e# A !. 122, p. 1/,'' ad 6(, ad Torija . #pain)Bud:9et !8 De"e9&er (3,Ser%e# A !. /A, '' 1 ad /* t$e C!urt 8!ud t$at t$e 8a%lure !8 t$ed!9e#t%" "!urt t! deal @%t$ t$e appl%"at’# "!tet%! t$at t$e "!urt a"t%!a:a%#t $er $ad &ee t%9e&arred a9!uted t! a %!lat%! !8 Art%"le 6 !8 t$eC!et%!. S%9%lar 8a%lure# t! :%e #u88%"%et rea#!# re#ulted % 8%d%:#!8 %!lat%!# !8 Art%"le 6 !8 t$e C!et%! % Diro


21/34

1/ GRDINAR . MOLDO7A 4UDGMENT

@$%"$ t$e $%:$er "!urt# addre##ed #pe"%8%" 8%d%:# !8 t$e l!@er "!urt, @ere% "!9pl%a"e @%t$ Art%"le 6 ' ( !8 t$e C!et%!.

(((. T$e C!urt !te# t$at a u9&er !8 8%d%:# !8 t$e C$%%-u Re:%!alC!urt @ere !t "!trad%"ted & t$e 8%d%:# !8 t$e $%:$er "!urt# ad t$at,a""!rd%:l, t$e 9u#t &e "!#%dered a# e#ta&l%#$ed 8a"t# )#ee


22/34

GRDINAR . MOLDO7A 4UDGMENT 1(

((2. Art%"le 3( !8 t$e C!et%! pr!%de#;

I8 t$e C!urt 8%d# t$at t$ere $a# &ee a %!lat%! !8 t$e C!et%! !r t$e Pr!t!"!l#

t$eret!, ad %8 t$e %teral la@ !8 t$e H%:$ C!tra"t%: Part "!"ered all!@# !l part%al reparat%! t! &e 9ade, t$e C!urt #$all, %8 e"e##ar, a88!rd Bu#t #at%#8a"t%! t!t$e %Bured part.

((. Ha%: &ee %%ted & t$e C!urt t! 9a


23/34

4OINT CONCURRING OPINION OF 4UDGES GARLICIAND >IUTA

$%le @e a:ree t$at t$ere $a# &ee a %!lat%! !8 Art%"le 6 ' ( !8 t$eC!et%!, @e are !8 t$e !p%%! t$at t$e %!lat%! re#ult# 8r!9 t$e er8a"t t$at t$e retr%al !8 G. t!!< pla"e a8ter $%# deat$.

e "a a""ept t$at, % #!9e #%tuat%!#, t$ere 9a &e a eed 8!r Bud%"%aleJa9%at%! !8 "r%9%al "$ar:e# ee % re#pe"t !8 a de"ea#ed per#!. T$%#9a &e #!, % part%"ular, % t$e "a#e !8 #!"alled re$a&%l%tat%! pr!"eed%:#@$!#e purp!#e %# t! "!rre"t a @r!:8ul "!%"t%!.

M!ld!a la@ appear# t! &e % l%e @%t$ t$e a&!e @$e %t #tate#, %Art%"le )2* !8 t$e C!de !8 Cr%9%al Pr!"edure; Cr%9%al pr!"eed%:#"a!t &e %#t%tuted, ad t$!#e alread %#t%tuted, #$all &ed%#"!t%ued;....a:a%#t a de"ea#ed per#!, @%t$ t$e eJ"ept%! !8 t$!#e "a#e#,@$ere t$e pr!"eed%:# are e"e##ar 8!r t$e re$a&%l%tat%! !8 de"ea#ed.....

H!@eer, @e "!#%der t$at t$e "!t%uat%! !8 t$e "r%9%al pr!"eed%:#% re#pe"t !8 G. % t$e pre#et "a#e "!uld !t &e "!#%dered a# truere$a&%l%tat%! pr!"eed%:#, 8!r t$e 8!ll!@%: rea#!#.

F%r#t, re$a&%l%tat%! pr!"eed%:# "a ta


24/34

GRDINAR . MOLDO7A 4UDGMENT4OINT CONCURRING OPINION OF 4UDGESGARLICI AND >IUTA

It %# true t$at G.’# tr%al t!!< pla"e a# a re#ult !8 a eJpre## @%#$ !8 $%#@%d!@, ad t$at a "!8%r9at%! !8 $%# a"Ku%ttal "!uld $ae et%tled $er

t!"!9pe#at%!. 5ut %8 t$e !l @a t! !&ta% #u"$ et%tle9et @a# t! tr adead per#!, %t "a!t le:%t%9%#e #u"$ a tr%al ad %t #%9pl #$!@# t$ede8%"%e" !8 t$e ##te9 !8 d!9e#t%" re9ed%e#.


25/34

13 GRDINAR . MOLDO7A 4UDGMENT DISSENTING OPINIONOF 4UDGE 5RATVA 4OINED 5 4UDGE PA7LO7SCHI

DISSENTING OPINION OF 4UDGE 5RATVA 4OINED 54UDGE PA7LO7SCHI

(. I re:ret t$at I a9 ua&le t! a:ree @%t$ t$e 9aB!r%t !8 t$e C$a9&er t$at t$e appl%"at%! %# ad9%##%&le ad t$at t$e appl%"at’# r%:$t# uder Art%"le6 $ae &ee %!lated. I 9 %e@, t$e "a#e #$!uld $ae &ee de"lared%ad9%##%&le, !t ! t$e :r!ud# t$at t$e appl%"at "!uld !t "la%9 t! &e a%"t%9 a p!%t @$%"$, 8!r t$e rea#!# :%e &el!@, I @!uld pre8er t! leae!pe &ut ! t$e :r!ud# t$at t$e "!9pla%t %# e##et%all !8 a 8!urt$%#ta"e ature, t$e appl%"at &e%: ua&le t! #$!@ t$at t$e deter9%at%!!8 t$e "r%9%al "$ar:e a:a%#t $er $u#&ad, G., @a# %t%ated & u8a%re## !r t$at, ! t$e 9ater%al &e8!re t$e C!urt, $%# "!%"t%! "a &e Kual%8%ed a#ar&%trar !r urea#!a&le.

)%* 7%"t%9 #tatu#

1. At t$e t%9e !8 $%# deat$ % 4ue (, G. ad $%# t@! "!de8edat#)D.C. ad G.C.* $ad &ee a"Ku%tted !8 t$e 9urder !8 D. & t$e C$%#%auRe:%!al C!urt ad t$%# a"Ku%ttal $ad &ee up$eld & t$e C!urt !8 Appeal.I 4auar (, t$e Supre9e C!urt $ad Kua#$ed t$e l!@er "!urt#’

Bud:9et# ad !rdered a 8ull re$ear%: !8 t$e "a#e. G.’# deat$ @!uld, % pr%"%ple, $ae 9eat t$at t$e pr!"eed%:# a:a%#t $%9 @ere d%#"!t%ueduder #e"t%! )2* !8 t$e C!de !8 Cr%9%al Pr!"edure. H!@eer, apparetl

! t$e %#%#te"e !8 $%# @%d!@ )t$e appl%"at*, G. @a# retr%ed, t!:et$er @%t$t$e t@! C. &r!t$er#. It appear# t$at t$e appl%"at @a# re"!:%#ed & t$eRe:%!al C!urt a# G.’# le:al repre#etat%e % t$e "r%9%al pr!"eed%:#ad t$at #$e @a# per9%tted t! 9a


26/34


27/34

t$e la@ re"!:%#eQd ad pr!te"tQed a r%:$t t! !&ta%, retr!#pe"t%el, t$ea"Ku%ttal !8 a de"ea#ed 9e9&er !8 !e’# 8a9%l %8 $%# "!%"t%! @a# % 8a"t

!t t$e re#ult !8 a la@8ul 8%d%: t$at $e @a# :u%lt !8 a "r%9%al !88e"e &uta 8!r9 !8 State per#e"ut%! 8!r a"t%%t%e# a:a%#t t$e t!tal%tar%a ##te9. It%# true t$at t$e C!urt @et ! t! #tate t$at, ee t$!u:$ t$e appl%"at, a# a#%&l%: !8 t$e de"ea#ed %"t%9, @a# !t et%tled t! a 8%a"%al reparat%! a#a re#ult !8 a a"Ku%ttal, $%# "%%l r%:$t# @ere a88e"ted #%"e a a"Ku%ttalall!@ed $%9 t! "lear $%# &r!t$er’# a9e ad t! re#t!re t$e $!!ur adreputat%! !8 $%# 8a9%l @$%"$ @a# 8!r a l!: t%9e %e%ta&l d%#:ra"ed ad

&r!u:$t %t! d%#repute & $%# &r!t$er’# @r!:8ul "!%"t%!. H!@eer, I"!#%der t$at t$%# #tate9et 9u#t &e read % t$e part%"ular "!teJt % @$%"$ %t@a# 9ade, %!l%: pr!"eed%:# &r!u:$t 8!r t$e #pe"%8%" purp!#e !8 re$a&%l%tat%: %"t%9# !8 p!l%t%"al repre##%!. T$e C!urt’# #tate9et "a!t,

% 9 %e@, &e appl%ed :eerall t! "!8er %"t%9 #tatu# ! a @%d!@ @$!alle:e# t$at $er de"ea#ed $u#&ad @a# "!%"ted !8 a !88e"e a8ter au8a%r tr%al, let al!e % a "a#e #u"$ a# t$e pre#et @$ere, at t$e t%9e !8 $%#deat$, G. $ad !t &ee "!%"ted !8 a !88e"e.

2. T$e 9aB!r%t appear t! "!#%der t$e retr%al pr!"eed%:# % t$e pre#et"a#e t! &e re$a&%l%tat%! pr!"eed%:# )' 6* ad, % t$%# re#pe"t, 8%d #upp!rt% t$e #u&9%##%!# !8 t$e re#p!det G!er9et, @$ere %t %# a88%r9ed t$att$e ult%9ate :!al !8 t$e pr!"eed%:# a:a%#t G. a8ter $%# deat$ $ad &ee t!e#ta&l%#$ t$e trut$ ad t$at $ad G. &ee pr!ed %!"et % t$!#e

pr!"eed%:#, $e @!uld $ae &ee 8ull re$a&%l%tated, @%t$ %9p!rtat e88e"t#8!r a "%%l la@ "la%9# )' *. I #$are t$e d!u&t# !8 4ud:e# Garl%"%


28/34

GRDINAR . MOLDO7A 4UDGMENT DISSENTING OPINION 1OF 4UDGE 5RATVA 4OINED 5 4UDGE PA7LO7SCHI

C!urt t! $ae %"t%9 #tatu# uder Art%"le 6 t! "la%9 t$at t$e 9ar%t%9e"$a9&er# @ere !t %depedet ad %9part%al tr%&ual#. Alt$!u:$, %

rea"$%: t$%# "!"lu#%!, t$e C!urt a:a% 8!uded ! t$e "%%l r%:$t !8 t$eappl%"at# t! de8ed t$e%r reputat%! ad t$at !8 t$e%r de"ea#ed relat%e#, I d!!t "!#%der t$at t$e C!urt’# rea#!%: "a &e eJteded &e!d t$e

part%"ular "!teJt t! "!er "r%9%al pr!"eed%:# re#ult%: % t$e "!%"t%!!8 t$e appl%"at’# relat%e.

(/. T$e @l%enboc%ho&& Bud:9et appear# at 8%r#t #%:$t t! &e !8 :reater a##%#ta"e t! t$e appl%"at, "!"ered a# %t @a# @%t$ t$e #tad%: !8 a @%d!@t! "!9pla% !8 "r%9%al pr!"eed%:# a:a%#t $er $u#&ad. I t$e pa##a:eKu!ted % para:rap$ 3 !8 t$e "urret Bud:9et t$e #tad%: !8 t$e appl%"ata# a @%d!@ t! l!d:e pr!"eed%:# % t$e C!urt %# put ! t@! &a#e# t$ele:%t%9ate 9ater%al %tere#t !8 t$e @%d!@ % $er "apa"%t a# t$e de"ea#ed

$e%r ad a 9!ral %tere#t, ! &e$al8 !8 $er#el8 ad $er 8a9%l, % $a%: $er late $u#&ad eJ!erated 8r!9 a 8%d%: !8 :u%lt. H!@eer, t$%# pa##a:e!8 t$e C!urt’# Bud:9et 9u#t al#! &e #ee a:a%#t t$e 8a"tual &a"


29/34

... t$e#e "!9pla%t# are "l!#el l%


30/34

GRDINAR . MOLDO7A 4UDGMENT DISSENTING OPINION 1OF 4UDGE 5RATVA 4OINED 5 4UDGE PA7LO7SCHI

@ere &!ud & t$e Bud:9et ad "!uld !t, % %e@ !8 t$e rule !8 res judicata, #ee< t! !&ta% a d%88eret re#ult.

(3. F!r t$e#e rea#!#, I a9 er d!u&t8ul @$et$er, de#p%te t$e uu#ual8eature# !8 t$e pr!"edure 8!ll!@ed % t$e pre#et "a#e, t$e "%r"u9#ta"e# are#u"$ a# t! Bu#t%8 t$e C!urt % depart%: 8r!9 %t# "!#%#tet "a#ela@,reBe"t%: appl%"at%!# l!d:ed & relat%e# !8 alle:ed %"t%9# !8 a %!lat%! !8 Art%"le 6 @$! $ae d%ed. I !te, $!@eer, t$at t$e G!er9et $ae !t!l 8a%led t! ra%#e a !&Be"t%! t! t$e appl%"at’# %"t%9 #tatu# &ut appear ee t! $ae e"!ura:ed t$e C!urt t! a""ept t$at #$e eB!# #u"$ #tatu#.T$%# &e%: #!, I @!uld pre8er % t$e ed t! leae t$e Kue#t%! !pe ad t!

&a#e 9 de"%#%! a# t! t$e ad9%##%&%l%t !8 t$e "!9pla%t ! #utat%e:r!ud#.

)%%* Fa%re## !8 t$e pr!"eed%:#

(. I #$!uld #a at t$e !ut#et t$at I $ae #!9e #9pat$ @%t$ t$e %e@ !8 4ud:e# Garl%"%


31/34


32/34

GRDINAR . MOLDO7A 4UDGMENT DISSENTING OPINION (OF 4UDGE 5RATVA 4OINED 5 4UDGE PA7LO7SCHI

$!#p%tal d%d !t d%#"l!#e a e%de"e !8 %lltreat9et. T$e appl%"at’#alle:at%!# !8 %lltreat9et @ere !t "!8%r9ed & D!"t!r P.O. @$! $ad

&ee re"alled t! :%e e%de"e &e8!re t$e C!urt !8 Appeal. It @a# !t ut%l6 Mar"$ (6 t$at t$e de8edat# $ad #!u:$t 8!r t$e 8%r#t t%9e t! @%t$dra@t$e%r #tate9et# ! t$e :r!ud# t$at t$e $ad &ee !&ta%ed & %lltreat9et.

)%%%* T$e #tate9et# !8 t$e de8edat# a# t! t$e "!8r!tat%! % t$e &ar $ad &ee "!8%r9ed & t$e #tate9et# !8 #eeral @%te##e# !t$er @%te##e#$ad :%e #tate9et# t! t$e e88e"t t$at t$e $ad #ee t$e de8edat# dr%%:% t$e d%re"t%! !8 t$e r!uda&!ut at a&!ut .// a.9. t$at D., $a%: returedt! t$e p!l%"e #tat%! 8r!9 t$e &ar, $ad a:a% le8t % t$e "ar #$!rtl a8ter .// a.9.

)%* T$e "r%9e #"ee %e#t%:at%! $ad &ee "!du"ted % t$e pre#e"e !8 @%te##e# ad G.’# la@er ad @a# 8%l9ed. D.C. ad G. $ad &ee a&le

"learl t! %d%"ate t$e pla"e ad 9aer !8 D.’#


33/34

DISSENTING OPINION OF 4UDGE PA7LO7SCHI

I re:ret er 9u"$ t$at %t %# %9p!##%&le 8!r 9e t! #$are t$e 9aB!r%t’#8%d%: t$at t$ere $a# &ee a %!lat%! !8 Art%"le 6 % t$e "a#e &e8!re u#.

I 8ull a:ree @%t$ 4ud:e 5rat+a’# p!#%t%!, eJpre##ed % $%# D%##et%:Op%%!, ad read%l B!% $%9.

At t$e #a9e t%9e I 8%d %t e"e##ar t! add a 8e@ @!rd# !8 9 !@"!"er%: t$e 8!urt$%#ta"e ature !8 t$e pre#et appl%"at%!.

It %# :eerall a""epted t$at t$e #tadard !8 pr!!8 appl%"a&le % "r%9%al pr!"eed%:# @$e 8%d%: a per#! :u%lt %# &e!d a rea#!a&le d!u&t.T$%# %# t$e #tadard tr%al Bud:e# 9u#t appl a8ter pr!perl "!du"ted Bud%"%aleJa9%at%! !8 t$e "a#e.

It %# !t !pe t! %terat%!al Bud:e# t! rea##e## t$e 8a"t# ad t$e la@ %

t$e pla"e !8 at%!al "!urt#, &e"au#e %terat%!al Bud:e# d! !t $ae t$e p!##%&%l%t t! 8ull eJa9%e "$ar:e# &r!u:$t a:a%#t a a""u#ed, &e"au#et$e d! !t $ae #u88%"%et


34/34

)#ee, a9!:#t 9a aut$!r%t%e#, Bidal .

gradinar v. moldova en (1)

Documents