![Page 1: Greutati Specifice (Formule,Unitati de Masura)](https://reader035.vdocumente.com/reader035/viewer/2022082202/55cf9ae9550346d033a3fcd7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1.MARIMI SI UNITATI DE MASURA
1.1.UNITATI FUNDAMENTALE
s
Marimea Denumirea Simbolul Transformarile vizuale Lungime Metru m 1m=10dm=100cm=1000mm
1tol=0,0254m=25,4mm
1km=1000m Masa Kilogram kg 1kg=10hg=100dag=1000g
1g=10dg=100cg=1000mg
1t=1000kg;1chintal=100kg Timp secunda s 1h=60min=3600s
1s=1000 ms Intesitatea curentului
electric Amper A 1 A=1000mA
Temperatura
termodinamica Kelvin K
Intesitatea luminoasa Candela cd
1.2.UNITATI ALE MARIMILOR DE SPATIU SI TIMP
Marimea Denumirea Simbolul Factorul dimensional
Transformari uzuale 0 1 2 3 Arie metru patrat m² Volum metru cub m
3 1m3=1000dm
3=1000000cm
3
1m3=1000l=10hl=1000decal.
1dm3=1l=10decl=1000
centilitri=1000ml Viteza
Viteza unghiulara
Acceleratie
Acceleratie unghiulara
metru pe secunda
radian pe secunda
metru pe secunda la patrat
radian pe secunda la
patrat
m/s
rad/s
m/s²
rad/s²
m x s-1
s-1
x rad
m x s-2
s-2
x rad
1.3.UNITATI ALE ALTOR MARIMI UZUALE
![Page 2: Greutati Specifice (Formule,Unitati de Masura)](https://reader035.vdocumente.com/reader035/viewer/2022082202/55cf9ae9550346d033a3fcd7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Marimea Unitatea de masura Simbolul
(marime,unitate) Factorul dimensional
(Relatii de transformare) 0 1 2 3 Forta Newton
Kilogram forta
N
Kgf
m x kg x s-2
1 N=1 x kgf
9,81 Energie Joul J m² x kg x s
-2
1 J = 1 x 107 erg
Putere Watt
Kilowatt
cal putere
kilogram forta metru
pe secunda
W
kW
CP
m² x kg x s-2
1 kW=1000W
1 CP=0,736 kW
kgfm/s=9,80665 W
Presiune Newton pe metru
patrat atmosfera
fizica
atmosfera tehnica
bar
metru coloana apa
milimetru coloana
apa
milimetru coloana
mercur
N/m²
atm
at
(kgf/cm²)
bar
m H2O
mm H2O
mmHg
m-1
kg∙s-2
1atm=101325N/m²=10332kgf/cm
1kgf/cm²=0,9678atm=98066,5
N/m²
1bar=105N/m²=10197kgf/m²
1m H2O=0,981 N/cm²
1mmH2O=9,81N/m²=0,981∙10-
3N/cm²
1mmHg=133,322 N/m²=13,6mm
H2O=0,00133 bar Entropie
Entropie masica
Conductivitatea termica
Joul pe Kelvin
Joul pe kilogram
Kelvin
Watt pe metru
Kelvin
J/K
J/1kg∙K
W/m∙K
m²∙kg∙s-2
∙K-1
m²∙s-²∙K
-1
m∙kg∙s-3
∙K-1
Caldura erg
calorie mica
kilocalorie
Joul
erg
cal
kcal
J
1erg=10-7
J
1cal=4,1855 J
1Mcal=106cal
1kcal=1000cal
![Page 3: Greutati Specifice (Formule,Unitati de Masura)](https://reader035.vdocumente.com/reader035/viewer/2022082202/55cf9ae9550346d033a3fcd7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1kcal=4,184 J Echivalentul mecanic al
caldurii calorie
kilocalorie
Joul
Watt-ora
Erg
cal
kcal
Wh
Erg
1kcal=4,186∙1010
erg=
=426,9kilogrammetri=
= 4,184Joul=1,628Wh
= 4186
1 erg=10-7
J Lucru mecanic Joul
kilogram forta metru
J
kgf∙m
m²∙kg∙s-2
1kgf=9,80665 J Flux luminos lumen lm cd∙sr Luminanta candela pe metru
patrat cd/m² m
-2∙cd
Iluminare Lux lx m-2
∙cd∙sr Sarcina electrica Columb C A∙s Tensiune electrica (diferenta
de potential) Volt V m²∙kg∙s
-3∙A
-1
Cimp electric Volt pe metro V/m m∙kg∙s-3
∙A-1
Rezistenta electrica Ohm Ω,V/A m²∙kg∙s-2
∙A-2
Capacitate electrica Farad F,C/A m-2
∙kg-1
,s4∙A
2 Tensiune(forta)electromotoare Volt E;V Cimp magnetic Amper pe metro A;A/m m
-1∙A
Intensitatea curentului electric Amper I,i Inductie magnetica Tesla T,Wb/m² kg∙s
-2∙A
-1 Inductanta Henry H,Wb/A m²∙kg∙s
-2∙A
-2 Frecventa Hertz Hz s
-1 Activitatea sursei radioactive
(radioactivitatea)
Curie
Bq in SI
Ci
Bq
1Ci=3,7∙1010
dezintegrari/s
1mCi=10-3
Ci
1μCi=10-6
Ci
1Ci=3,7·1010
Bq Doza de radiatii
(doza de iradiere)
Röntgen-ul R
Doza absorbita Rad-ul
Gray-ul
Rad
Gy
1Rad=100∙10-4
J/kg
1Gy=100 Rad Doza biologica Rem-ul Rem 1Rem=Rad∙QF
QF=factor de calitate pentru
radiatiile γ,β si x Doza de iradiere externa cu
radiatii γ Sievert-ul (SI)
D
Sv
Rad/h
Q=1,iar pentru x
QF=10
1 SV=Gy·QF
![Page 4: Greutati Specifice (Formule,Unitati de Masura)](https://reader035.vdocumente.com/reader035/viewer/2022082202/55cf9ae9550346d033a3fcd7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
D=0,56AE
d²
A-activitatea sursei,in Ci
E-energia radiatiilor γ in MeV
d-distanta fata de sursa in m
D=AE,inSI
6d²
1.4.RELATII DE TRANSFORMARE INTRE VALORILE TEMPERATURILOR DE DIFERITE SCARI
TERMOMETRICE
U.M. Scara Celsius Scara Rėaumur Scara Fahrenheit [°C] t[°C] 4∙ t[°C]
5
4 · t[°C]+32
5 [°R] 5∙ t °[R]
4
t [°R] 9 ·t[°R]+32
4 [°F] 5{t[°F]-32}
9
4{t[°F]-32}
9
t [°F]
1.5.MULTIPLII SI SUBMULTIPLII UNITATILOR DE MASURA CU PREFIXELE SI VALORILE LOR
Multiplii Denumirea deca hecto kilo mega giga tera peta exa Simbolul da h k m g t p e 10
n·UM 10
1 102 10
3 106 10
12 1015 10
18 Submultiplii Denumirea deci centi mili micro nano pico femto atto
Simbolul d c m µ n p f a 10
-n·UM 10
-1 10-2 10
-3 10-6 10
-9 10-12 10
-16 10-18
2.GREUTATI VOLUMETRICE SI SPECIFICE [km/m3]
2.1.PIETRE NATURALE
Andezit,granit,sienit,calcar compact si cristalin
(marmura) 2800
Tufuri vulcanice 1800
Bazalt,diorit 3000
Gresii 2600
![Page 5: Greutati Specifice (Formule,Unitati de Masura)](https://reader035.vdocumente.com/reader035/viewer/2022082202/55cf9ae9550346d033a3fcd7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Calcar poros,chochilifer 2300
Travertin 2400
2.2.LEMN
Foioase – uscate 800
Foioase – umede sau impregnate 1000
Rasinoase – uscate 750
Rasinoase umede 800
2.3.METALE
Alama 8500
Aluminiu 2700
Arama laminate 8900
Bronz 8500
Cositor (laminat) 7400
Duraluminiu 2800
Fonta 7250
Otel 7850
Plumb 11400
Zinc 7000
2.4.ZIDARII,BETOANE SI PLACI PENTRU PERETI
Beton armat 2600
Beton simplu 2200
Beton de tuf volcanic 2000
Beton poros 1100
Beton armat normal 2400
Beton celular poros 1100
![Page 6: Greutati Specifice (Formule,Unitati de Masura)](https://reader035.vdocumente.com/reader035/viewer/2022082202/55cf9ae9550346d033a3fcd7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Beton de zgura 1400
Beton de umplutura cu deseuri ceramice 1800
Caramizi gaurite 1500
Caramizi de zgura de carbuni 1400
Mortar de argila 1600
Mortar de ciment 2100
Caramizi pline si caramizi de zgura de furnal 1800
Mortar de ipsos 1200
Mortar de var 1900
Placi de zgura cu ipsos 1200
Placi de pluta expandata 200
Placi din talas de lemn 500
Zidarie de caramida divn clincher si caramizi refractare 1900
2.5.DIFERITE MATERIALE DE CONSTRUCTII
Argila,lut,pamint 1800
Asfalt 2200
Bitum 1100
Ciment in vrac 1250
Ciment in saci 1400
Moloz cu sfarimaturi de caramida 1400
Nisip uscat 1600
Nisip umed 1800
Piatra concasata 1700
Pietris umed 1900
Placi de sticla,geamuri 2600
![Page 7: Greutati Specifice (Formule,Unitati de Masura)](https://reader035.vdocumente.com/reader035/viewer/2022082202/55cf9ae9550346d033a3fcd7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Pietris uscat 1700
Var nestins in bulgari 1000
Vata de sticla 100
Var pasta 1400
2.6.COMBUSTIBILI
Antracit brut,umed 1300
Antracit bulgari 1000
Benzina si petrol lampant 800
Brichete stivuite 1250
Carbine brun bulgari 850
Carbune de lemn (mangal) 300
Huila bulgari 800
Lemne de foc in gramada 400
Lignit bulgari 800
Motorina,pacura,titei,uleiuri minerale 1000
Turba 500
Rumegus de lemn 200
Talas afinat 150
2.7.DIVERSE MATERIALE COMBUSTIBILE
Bumbac presat 700
Carti stivuite 850
Cauciuc 960
Carbid 900
Faina in saci 600
Hirtie stivuita 1100
![Page 8: Greutati Specifice (Formule,Unitati de Masura)](https://reader035.vdocumente.com/reader035/viewer/2022082202/55cf9ae9550346d033a3fcd7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Lina balotata 1300
Lina nepresata 300
Paie si fin nepresat 50
Piei uscate 400
Sare bulgari 1300
Tutun balotat 350
Turte de furaje 1000
Zahar 750
2.8.GREUTATI SPECIFICE ALE LICHIDELOR [kgf/m3]
Acetona 791
Acid acetic pur 10531
Acid azotic 1502
Acid clorhidric 908
Acid carbonic 9601
Alcool metilic 792
Acid sulfuric 1834
Benzen 878
Benzina usoara 670
Mercur 1354
Motorina Diesel 900
Petrol brut 800
Sulfura de carbon 1263
Eter 655
Gudron 1050
Tetraclorura de carbon 1595
![Page 9: Greutati Specifice (Formule,Unitati de Masura)](https://reader035.vdocumente.com/reader035/viewer/2022082202/55cf9ae9550346d033a3fcd7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Toluen 866
Uleiuri lubrefiante 930
3.ARII SI VOLUME
3.1.ARII
Patrat Dreptunghi Triunghi Trapez
S=aa=² S=ab S=ah S=a+b ∙ h
Diagonala: D=a√2 Perimetrul: 2(a+b) 2 Perimetrul=suma laturilor
Perimetrul: p=4a Perimetrul: a+b+c
Paralelogram Poligon oarecare Hexagon Elipsa
S=ah S=S1+S2+S3 S=Pa S=πab
P=2(a+b) S=ah1+ah2+ah3 S=0.866 l
2 P=suma laturilor
P=suma laturilor
Cerc Cilindru drept Cilindru
Sπ=R²=πD²=0,785D² Aria laterala: S=2πR Aria laterala: S= πR
(h1+h2)
4 Aria totala: S= 2πR(R+h)
Sector circular: S=arc ACBxR=πR²x=lR
2 360 2 Cilindrul oblic Con
x=numarul de grade al arcului ACB C-lungimea arcului sectiunii ortogonale Aria laterala:S=πRl=
l=lungimea arcului = x πR h=lungimea generatoarei =πR√R²+h²
180 Aria totala
Segment circular: S=πR3β – C (R-f) Trunchi de con S=πR(h+l)
β= numarul de grade al arcului DEF l=√h²+(R-r²)
![Page 10: Greutati Specifice (Formule,Unitati de Masura)](https://reader035.vdocumente.com/reader035/viewer/2022082202/55cf9ae9550346d033a3fcd7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Sfera Sector sferic
Aria sferei:S=4πR²=πD² Aria sectorului sferic: S=πR(2h+a)
Aria calotei sferei: S=2πRh
3.2.VOLUME
Cub Prisma Cilindru Piramida Trunchi de piramida cu baze
paralele
V=aaa=a² V=Sh=abh V=πR²h V=Sh=abh V=1h(S+s+√Ss)
3 3 3
Trunchi de con Sfera Sector sferic Con Butoi
V=πh(R²+r²+Rr) V=4πR3=4,189R
3 V=2πR²h V=πR²h V=πl[2D²+d²]
3 3 3 3 12
V= πl[2D²+Dd+0,75d²]
3.3.VALORI NUMERICE UZUALE
π – raportul dintre lungimea cercului si diametrul lui;
g – acceleratia paminteasca;
e – baza logaritmilor naturali
Marimea π Lgn Marimea π Lgn Π
π²
π3
π/3
π/4
√π
1
π
3,141593
0,869604
31,006277
1,570796
0,785398
1,772454
0,318310
0,49715
0,99430
0,49145
0,19612
0,89509
0,24857
1,50825
√g
2√g
1
√g
1
√2g
π
√g
3,132092
6,26418
0,31929
0,225763
1,003033
0,49583
0,79686
1,50419
1,35265
0,00122
G 9,81 0,99167 e 2,718282 0,43429
![Page 11: Greutati Specifice (Formule,Unitati de Masura)](https://reader035.vdocumente.com/reader035/viewer/2022082202/55cf9ae9550346d033a3fcd7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
g²
1
g
1
2g
96,2361
0,10194
0,5097
1,98334
1,00833
2,70730
1
e
1
e²
√e
0,367879
0,135335
1,648721
1,56571
1,13141
0,21715