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GEOGRAFIE, METEOROLOGIE
I MEDIU NCONJURTOR
GEOGRAPHY, METEOROLOGY
AND ENVIRONMENT
An uarul St at ist ic al Rom nie i / Roma nia n St at ist ical Ye arbook
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GEOGRAFIE I ORGANIZARE
ADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL
1.1 Poziia geografic a Romniei ............................................................
1.2 Lungimea frontierelor Romniei ........................................................
1.3 Principalele altitudini muntoase ........................................................
1.4 Lungimea principalelor cursuri de ap de pe
teritoriul Romniei ..................................................................................
1.5 Principalele lacuri naturale ..................................................................
1.6 Principalele lacuri antropice ................................................................
1.7 Altitudinea medie a principalelor orae din Romnia ................
1.8 Organizarea administrativ a teritoriului Romniei,
la 31 decembrie 2004 .............................................................................
METEOROLOGIE
Temperatura aerului i precipitaiile atmosferice,
pe principalele staii meteorologice, n anul 2004 ......................
1.9 Temperatura aerului (media lunar i anual) ..............................
1.10 Temperatura aerului (maxima absolut i
minima absolut lunar i anual) ....................................................
1.11 Precipitaii atmosferice (cantitatea lunar i anual) .................
MEDIU NCONJURTOR
Resurse naturale
1.12 Ariile protejate, n anul 2004 ...............................................................1.13 Rezervaii ale biosferei, n anul 2004 ................................................
1.14 Parcurile naionale i principalele
parcuri naturale, n anul 2004 .............................................................
1.15 Resursele de ap asigurate, potrivit
gradului de amenajare, n anul 2004 ...............................................
Calitatea factorilor de mediu
1.16 Calitatea apelor de suprafa, n anul 2004 ...................................
1.17 Defolierea arborilor la principalele specii i la toate
vrstele, pe clase de defoliere, n anul 2004 ..................................
Msuri de protecie
1.18 Investiii pentru protecia mediului, pe categorii de
productori i domenii de mediu, n anul 2004 ...........................
1.19 Cheltuieli curente interne pentru protecia mediului,
pe categorii de productori i domenii de mediu,
n anul 2004 ...............................................................................................
GEOGRAPHY AND ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL
ORGANISATION
Geographical position of Romania
Length of Romanias borders
Major mountain peaks
Length of major rivers on Romanian territory
Major natural lakes
Major anthropic lakes
Average height of major towns in Romania
Administrative organisation of Romanian territory,
on December 31, 2004
METEOROLOGY
Air temperature and precipitations, by the main
meteorological stations, in 2004
Air temperature (monthly and yearly average)
Air temperature (monthly and yearly absolute
maximum and absolute minimum)
Precipitations (monthly and yearly quantity)
ENVIRONMENT
Natural resources
Protected areas, in 2004Biosphere reservations, in 2004
National and major natural parks, in 2004
Water resources assured, according to the
arrangement level, in 2004
Environment factors quality
Superficial water quality, in 2004
Trees defoliation, for the main species and all ages, by
defoliation classes, in 2004
Protection measures
Investments for environment protection, by category of
producers and environmental fields, in 2004
Internal current expenditure for environment
protection, by categories of producers and
environmental fields, in 2004
CUPRINS TABELE TABLES CONTENTS
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SURSA DATELOR DATA SOURCE
Cercetri statistice:
Cercetarea statistic privind cheltuielile pentru protecia
mediului, completat de operatori economici i unitile
administraiei publice locale.
Surse administrative:
Institutul de Geografie Bucureti;
Inspectoratul General al Poliiei de Frontier din cadrul
Ministerului Administraiei i Internelor;
Ministerul Agriculturii, Pdurilor i Dezvoltrii Rurale;
Administraia Naional de Meteorologie;
Ministerul Mediului i Gospodririi Apelor;
Regia Naional a Pdurilor;
Administraia Naional "Apele Romne".
GEOGRAFIE I ORGANIZARE
ADMINISTRATIV-TERITORIAL
PREZENTARE
Romnia este situat n centrul geografic al Europei
(sud-estul Europei Centrale), la nord de Peninsula Balcanic, la
jumtatea distanei dintre Coasta Atlanticului i Munii Urali, n
interiorul i exteriorul arcului Munilor Carpai, pe cursul inferior
al Dunrii (1075 km) i cu ieire la Marea Neagr.
De altfel, paralela 45N cu meridianul 25E se intersecteazn apropiere de centrul geometric al rii, la 100 km N-V de
capitala rii, Bucureti.
Cu o suprafa de 238391 km2, Romnia este a 12-a ar ca
mrime a Europei.
Ieirea la mare nlesnete legturile cu rile din bazinul
Mrii Negre, bazinul Mrii Mediterane i, prin intermediul
acesteia, cu restul lumii.
Litoralul romnesc al Mrii Negre se desfoar pe 245 km,
ntre grla Musura (grania cu Ucraina) i localitatea Vama Veche
(grania cu Bulgaria).
Relieful Romniei se compune din trei trepte majore: cea
nalt a Munilor Carpai (cel mai nalt vrf Moldoveanu 2544 m),
cea medie care corespunde Subcarpailor, dealurilor i
podiurilor i cea joas, a cmpiilor, luncilor i Deltei Dunrii.
Delta Dunrii, cea mai tnr unitate de relief, n continu
formare, are altitudinea medie de 0,52 m.
Caracteristicile principale ale unitilor de relief sunt
proporionalitatea (31% muni, 36% dealuri i podiuri, 33%
cmpii i lunci) i dispunerea concentric a treptelor majore ale
reliefului.
Clima Romniei este temperat-continental de tranziie, cu
influene oceanice dinspre vest, mediteraneene dinspre
sud-vest i continental-excesive din est. Temperatura medie
multianual este difereniat latitudinal, respectiv 8C n nord i
peste 11C n sud, i altitudinal, cu valori de -2,5C n etajulmontan (Vrfu Omu - masivul Bucegi) i 11,6C n cmpie (oraul
Zimnicea - judeul Teleorman).
Statistical surveys:
Statistical survey on environment protection expenditure, filled
in by economic operators and local public administration
units.
Administrative sources:
Institute of Geography Bucharest;
General Inspectorate of Border Police within the Ministry of
Administration and Interior;
Ministry of Agriculture, Forests and Rural Development;
National Administration of Meteorology;
Ministry of Environment and Waters Administration;
National Company of Forests;
National Administration Romanian Waters.
GEOGRAPHY AND
ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL ORGANISATION
DESCRIPTION
Romania is situated in geographical center of Europe
(south-east of Central Europe) at north of Balkan Peninsula at the
half of distance between Atlantic Coast and The Urals, inside and
outside the Carpathians Arch, on the Danube (1075 km) lower
course and has exit to the Black Sea.
Otherwise, parallel 45N with the meridian 25E intersects nearthe geometrical center of the country, 100 km N-V of the country
capital, Bucharest.
Romania is the twelfth country of Europe, having an area of
238391 km2.
The exit to the sea enables the connections with the countries
in the Black Sea basin, in the Mediterranean Sea basin and, by
means of this, rest of the world.
Romanian seaside of the Black Sea is lying on 245 km, between
Musura stream (at the border with Ukraine) and Vama Veche
locality (at the border with Bulgaria).
Romania's reliefconsists of three major levels: the highest one
in the Carpathians (the highest peak Moldoveanu 2544 m), the
middle one which corresponds to the Sub-Carpathians, to the hills
and to the plateaus and the lowest one in plains, meadows and
Danube Delta. The Danube Delta, the youngest relief unit under
permanent formation, has the average height of 0.52 m.
Main features of relief units are proportionality (31%
mountains, 36% hills and plateaus, 33% plains and meadows) and
concentric display of the relief major levels.
Romanias climate is temperate-continental of transition,
with oceanic influences from the West, Mediterranean ones from
South-West and continental-excessive ones from the East.
Multiannual average temperature is latitudinally different, 8C in
the North and over 11C in the South, and altitudinally, with valuesof -2.5C in the mountain floor (Omu peak - Bucegi massif) and
11.6C in the plain (Zimnicea town - Teleorman county).
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Judeul reprezint unitatea administrativ-teritorial tradiional
n Romnia, alct uit din orae i comune, n funcie de
condiiile geografice, economice, social-politice i de legturile
culturale i tradiionale ale populaiei. Teritoriul Romniei este
organizat n 42 de judee (inclusiv Municipiul Bucureti).
Municipiul este un ora cu un rol economic, social, politic i
cultural nsemnat avnd, de regul, funcie administrativ.
Oraul reprezint o concentrare uman cu o funcie
administrativ i un mod de via specific zonelor urbane i o
structur profesional a populaiei n care predomin cea
ocupat n ramurile neagricole.
Comuna este unitatea administrativ-teritorial care cuprinde
populaia rural unit prin comunitate de interese i tradiii, fiind
alctuit din unul sau mai multe sate (din care unul este
reedin de comun).Satul este cea mai mic unitate teritorial, avnd
caracteristicile aezrilor de tip rural.
Oraele principale: Bucureti, Iai, Constana, Timioara,
Galai, Cluj-Napoca, Craiova, Braov, Ploieti, Brila, Oradea,
Bacu, Piteti, Arad, Sibiu.
Porturile principale:
la Marea Neagr: Constana, Mangalia;
la Dunre: Moldova Nou, Orova, Drobeta-Turnu Severin,
Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele, Zimnicea, Giurgiu,
Oltenia, Clrai, Cernavod, Hrova, Mcin, Brila, Galai,
Tulcea, Sulina.
Aeroporturile principale: Bucureti (Henri Coand-Otopeni i Bneasa), Constana (Mihail Koglniceanu),
Timioara (Traian Vuia), Cluj-Napoca, Iai, Arad, Oradea, Baia
Mare, Trgu Mure, Suceava, Bacu, Deva, Sibiu, Craiova, Tulcea.
Capitala: Municipiul Bucureti (1927559 locuitori, la 1 iulie
2004), mprit n ase sectoare administrative. Prima
menionare documentar dateaz din 20.IX.1459, ca reedin a
lui Vlad epe. Capital a rii Romneti ncepnd din a doua
jumtate a secolului al XVII-lea i Capitala Romniei, din anul
1862, municipiul Bucureti este cel mai important centru politic,
economic i cultural-tiinific al rii.
Limba oficial: limba romn.
Drapelul Romniei este tricolor; culorile sunt aezate vertical
n ordinea urmtoare, ncepnd de la lance: albastru, galben, rou.
Ziua naional a Romniei: 1 Decembrie.
Imnul naional al Romniei este Deteapt-te romne.
Forma de guvernmnt a Romniei este republica:
Republic, conform Constituiei adoptate n 1991 i
modificat n 2003;
Puterea legislativ este reprezentat de un parlament
bicameral (Camera Deputailor i Senatul), iar puterea
executiv este exercitat de guvern, condus de un prim-
ministru desemnat de preedintele rii;
Preedintele rii este ales n baza rezultatelor alegerilor
generale prin scrutin universal pentru un mandat de 5 ani.
Moneda naional: "leu", cu subdiviziunea ban.Cursul monedei naionale este stabilit zilnic pe piaa
valutar interbancar, moneda de referin fiind euro.
Countyrepresents traditional administrative-territorial unit in
Romania, including towns and communes, depending on
geographical, economical and social-political conditions and
population cultural and traditional relations. Romanian territory is
organized into 42 counties (including Bucharest Municipality).
Municipality is a town, with an important economic, social,
political and cultural role, usually having administrative function.
Town represents a human concentration with administrative
function and a life specific to urban areas and with a population
professional structure where the population employed in non-
agricultural branches prevails.
Commune is a territorial-administrative unit which comprises
rural population united by interest and traditional community,
including one or several villages (from which one is commune
residence).Village is the smallest territorial unit, having characteristics of
rural settlements.
Main cities: Bucharest, Iai, Constana, Timioara, Galai, Cluj-
Napoca, Craiova, Braov, Ploieti, Brila, Oradea, Bacu, Piteti,
Arad, Sibiu.
Main harbours:
at the Black Sea: Constana, Mangalia;
at The Danube: Moldova Nou, Orova, Drobeta- Turnu Severin,
Calafat, Corabia, Turnu Mgurele, Zimnicea, Giurgiu, Oltenia,
Clrai, Cernavod, Hrova, Mcin, Brila, Galai, Tulcea,
Sulina.
Main airports: Bucharest (Henri Coand-Otopeni andBneasa), Constana (Mihail Koglniceanu), Timioara (Traian
Vuia), Cluj-Napoca, Iai, Arad, Oradea, Baia Mare, Trgu Mure,
Suceava, Bacu, Deva, Sibiu, Craiova, Tulcea.
The capital: Bucharest Municipality (1927559 inhabitants
on July 1, 2004), organised into six administrative sectors. The first
documentary mention was on 20.IX.1459, as residence of Vlad
epe. Capital of ara Romneasc since the second half of the
XVIIth century and Capital of Romania since 1862, Bucharest
Municipality is the most important political, economic and cultural-
scientific center of the country.
Official language: Romanian.
Flag of Romania: is three - coloured; the colours are placed
vertically in the following order from the lance: blue, yellow, red.
National day of Romania: December, 1.
National anthem of Romania is Wake up, Romanian.
Government form in Romania is the republic:
Republic, according to the Constitution adopted in 1991 and
modified in 2003;
Legislative power is represented by two chamber Parliament
(Chamber of Deputies and Senate), and executive power is
carried out by Government led by Prime Minister nominated by
the countrys President;
President of the country is elected based on general elections
results by universal vote for a 5 years mandate.
National currency: ROL (Romanian Leu), BAN subdivision.The exchange rate is set on the interbank currency market on a
daily basis, reference currency being euro.
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PRECIZRI METODOLOGICE
METEOROLOGIE
Cercetarea proceselor i fenomenelor fizice din atmosfera
terestr, care determin starea timpului i clima, are la baz
msurtorile i observaiile meteorologice ce se efectueaz
permanent sau periodic n diferite puncte de pe suprafaa
globului terestru i la diferite nlimi n atmosfera liber.
Programul unitar al msurtorilor i observaiilor, precum i alte
activiti meteorologice se asigur prin colaborare
internaional, n cadrul Administraiei Naionale de
Meteorologie, cu Organizaia Meteorologic Mondial.
Staia meteorologic reprezint punctul de pe suprafaa
terestr unde se efectueaz observaii i msurtori asupratuturor elementelor i fenomenelor meteorologice, conform
programului stabilit. Majoritatea observaiilor, msurtorilor i
determinrilor meteorologice de la staii se efectueaz pe
platforma meteorologic situat pe un teren deschis, tipic
pentru regiunea respectiv, cu dimensionarea standard de
26 m x 26 m.
Pentru cercetarea proceselor i fenomenelor atmosferice i
pentru calculul diferiilor parametri meteorologici i climatici,
este necesar raportarea observaiilor i msurtorilor, care se
realizeaz att n spaiu, ct i n timp.
Programul climatologic reprezint complexul
observaiilor i msurtorilor meteorologice ce se execut lastaii, dup timpul solar mediu local, att la termenele fixe, ct i
continuu n 24 de ore. Permanent, la termenele climatologice
(1, 7, 13, 19 timp solar mediu local) se efectueaz observaii i
msurtori asupra: presiunii atmosferice, vntului, temperaturii
i umezelii aerului, temperaturii suprafeei solului, nebulozitii,
precipitaiilor, vizibilitii orizontale. Continuu, n tot cursul zilei
i nopii se determin caracteristicile tuturor fenomenelor
meteorologice (hidrometeori, litometeori, electrometeori etc.).
Observaiile asupra temperaturii aerului constau n
msurarea temperaturii aerului la termenele stabilite i n
determinarea valorilor maxime i minime ale acesteia n
intervalele de timp dintre aceste termene.
Temperatura aerului se msoar cu instrumente cu citire
direct, psihrometrul cu ventilaie artificial, termometrul de
maxim cu mercur i termometrul de minim cu alcool i cu
aparate nregistratoare (termografe). Pentru ca instrumentele cu
care se msoar temperatura i umezeala aerului s nu fie
influenate direct de radiaia solar, de radiaia terestr, de
precipitaii i de rafalele vntului, ele se instaleaz n adpostul
meteorologic situat la 2 m nlime deasupra solului.
Msurarea cantitilor de ap ce provin din precipitaii
atmosferice sau care se depun din ali hidrometeori se
efectueaz cu ajutorul pluviometrului, iar nregistrarea continu
a precipitaiilor (lichide) se face cu pluviograful. Cantitile deap se msoar zilnic la termenele climatologice (1, 7, 13, 19) i
se exprim prin grosimea stratului de ap czut,
n mm (1mm=1l / m2).
METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
METEOROLOGY
The research of physical processes and phenomena in the
terrestrial atmosphere, which determine the weather and the
climate, relies on the meteorological measurements and
observations, permanently or periodically carried out in different
points on the terrestrial globe surface and at various altitudes in the
free atmosphere. The unitary programme of measurements and
observations, as well as other meteorological activities are assured
by international co-operation within National Administration of
Meteorology, with the World Meteorology Organisation.
The meteorological station represents the point from the
terrestrial surface, where measurements and observations on allmeteorological elements and phenomena are carried out in
keeping with the programme. Most of meteorological observations,
measurements and determinations from the stations are
performed on the meteorological area situated on an open land,
typical for the respective region, with the standard dimension of
26 m x 26 m.
In order to observe the atmospheric processes and phenomena
and to compute various meteorological and climatic parameters, it
is necessary to report observations and measurements, carried out
both in space and over time.
The climatic programme represents the complex of
meteorological observations and measurements performed atstations, according to the local average solar time, both at fixed
deadlines and continuously during 24 hours. Permanently, at the
climatic deadlines (1, 7, 13, 19 local average solar time), the
observations and measurements are done for: atmospheric
pressure, wind, air temperature and humidity, ground surface
temperature, cloudiness, precipitations, horizontal visibility.
Continuously, during all day and night, the characteristics of all
meteorological phenomena (hydrometeors, litometeors,
electrometeors a.s.o.) are determined.
Air temperature observations consist of air temperature
measurement at the observation deadlines and of determining its
maximum and minimum values, during the intervals between the
climatic observation deadlines.
Air temperature is measured with direct reading instruments, the
psychrometer with artificial ventilation, the thermometer of
maximum with mercury and the thermometer of minimum with
alcohol and with recording apparatus (thermographs). In view to
ensure that the instruments for measuring air temperature and
humidity are not directly influenced by the solar, terrestrial radiation,
by precipitations and by wind gusts, they should be placed in the
meteorological shelter situated at 2 meters high above the ground.
The measurement of water quantities coming from
atmospheric precipitations or deposited by other hydrometeors is
carried out by means of pluviometer and the continuous recording
of precipitations (liquids) is performed with the pluviograph. Waterquantities are daily measured at climatic deadlines (1, 7, 13, 19) and
they are expressed by the thickness of the fallen water layer,
in mm (1mm=1l / m 2).
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MEDIU NCONJURTOR
Resursele de ap reprezint potenialul hidrologic formatdin apele de suprafa i subterane n regim natural i amenajat,
inventariate la nceputul anului, din care se asigur alimentarea
diverselor folosine.
Ariile naturale protejate, conform O.U.G. nr. 236/2000,
reprezint zone terestre, acvatice i/sau subterane, cu
perimetrul legal stabilit i avnd un regim special de ocrotire i
conservare, n care exist specii de plante i animale slbatice,
elemente i formaiuni biogeografice sau de alt natur, cu
valoare ecologic, tiinific sau cultural deosebit i cuprind:
rezervaii ale biosferei - arii naturale protejate al cror
scop este protecia i conservarea unor zone de habitat
natural i a diversitii biologice specifice. Acestea cuprind
un complex de ecosisteme terestre/i sau acvatice, lacuri i
cursuri de ap, zone umede cu comuniti biocenotice
floristice i faunistice unice, cu peisaje armonioase naturale
sau rezultate din amenajarea tradiional a teritoriului,
ecosisteme modificate sub influena omului i care pot fi
readuse la starea natural, comuniti umane a cror
existen este bazat pe valorificarea resurselor naturale pe
principiul dezvoltrii durabile i armonioase;
parcuri naionale - arii naturale protejate al cror scop este
protecia i conservarea unor eantioane reprezentative
pentru spaiul biogeografic naional, cuprinznd elemente
naturale cu valoare deosebit sub aspect fizico-geografic,
floristic, faunistic, hidrologic, geologic, paleontologic,speologic, pedologic sau de alt natur, oferind posibilitatea
vizitrii n scopuri tiinifice, educative, recreative i turistice;
parcuri naturale - arii naturale protejate al cror scop este
protecia i conservarea unor ansambluri peisagistice n
care interaciunea activitilor umane cu natura de-a
lungul timpului a creat o zon distinct, cu valoare
semnificativ peisagistic i/sau cultural, deseori cu o
mare diversitate biologic;
rezervaii tiinifice - arii naturale protejate al cror scop
este protecia i conservarea unor habitate naturale terestre
i/sau acvatice, cuprinznd elemente reprezentative de
interes tiinific sub aspect floristic, faunistic, geologic,speologic, paleontologic, pedologic sau de alt natur;
rezervaii naturale - arii naturale protejate al cror scop
este protecia i conservarea unor habitate i specii naturale
importante sub aspect floristic, faunistic, forestier,
hidrologic, geologic, speologic, paleontologic, pedologic;
monumente ale naturii - arii naturale protejate al cror
scop este protecia i conservarea unor elemente naturale
cu valoare i semnificaie ecologic, tiinific, peisagistic
deosebite, reprezentate de specii de plante sau animale
slbatice rare, endemice sau ameninate cu dispariia, arbori
seculari, asociaii floristice i faunistice, fenomene geologice
- peteri, martori de eroziune, chei, cursuri de ap, cascade ialte manifestri i formaiuni geologice, depozite fosilifere,
precum i alte elemente naturale cu valoare de patrimoniu
natural prin unicitatea sau raritatea lor.
ENVIRONMENT
Water resources represent the hydrological potential
consisting of the superficial and underground waters, under
natural and arranged conditions, registered at the beginning of the
year, of which the utilities are fed.
Natural protected areas, according to G.P.O. no.236/2000,
represents terrestrial, aquatic and/or underground areas, with
legally settled perimeter and with a special protection and
preservation regime, where wild plants and animal species, bio -
geographic elements and formations or of other nature, with
special ecological, scientific or cultural value exist and include:
reservations of biosphere - protected natural areas whose
purpose is the protection and preservation of a natural habitat
areas and of specific biologic diversity. They include a complex
of terrestrial and/or aquatic eco - systems, lakes and water
courses, humid areas with unique flora and fauna biocenotic
communities, with natural harmonious landscapes or resulted
from the traditional arrangement of the territory, eco - systems
modified under human influence and which could be brought
back to natural state, human communities whose existence is
based on natural resources capitalization based on the durable
and harmonious development principle;
national parks - natural protected areas whose purpose is the
protection and preservation of representative samples for the
national bio - geographic space, including natural elements
with a special value from a physico - geographical aspect,
flora, fauna, hidrological, geological, paleontological,speological, pedological point of view or of another nature,
giving the possibility of visiting them for scientific, educational,
recreative and touristic purpose;
natural parks - natural protected areas whose purpose is the
protec tion and preser vation of landsca pe piles in which
human activities interactions in time created a distinct area,
with landscape and/or cultural significant value, often with a
great biological diversity;
scien tific reserva tion s - natural protected areas whose
purpose is the protection and preservation of terrestrial and/or
aquatic natural habitats, including representative elements of
scientific interest from flora, fauna, geological, speological,paleontological, pedological point of view or of other nature;
natural reservations - natural protected areas whose
purpose is the protect ion and preserv ation of import ant
natural habitats and species from flora, fauna, forestry,
hydrological, geological, speological, paleontological,
pedological p oint of v iew;
natural monuments - natural protected areas whose purpose
is the protection and preservation of natural elements and of
ecological, scientific, landscape special significance,
represented by wild plants and animal species, rare, endemic
or endangered, secular trees, flora and fauna associations,
geological phenomena - caves, erosion aspects, gorges, water
courses, waterfalls and other types of geologicalmanifestations and formations, fosils deposits, and other
natural elements with a natural patrimony value being unique
or rare.
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Evaluarea calitii apelor de suprafa const n
monitorizarea parametrilor biologici hidromorfologici, fizico-
chimici, a poluanilor prioritari sau a altor poluani evacuai n
cantiti importante. Potrivit Legii nr. 310/2004, anexa 11,
se disting 5 clase de calitate, definite astfel:
clasa de calitate I - stare foarte bun - nu exist alterri
(sau sunt foarte mici) ale valorilor elementelor fizico-chimice
i hidromorfologice de calitate pentru tipul de corpuri de
ap de suprafa fa de cele asociate n mod normal cu acel
tip n condiii nemodificate;
clasa de calitate II - stare bun - valorile elementelor
biologice de calitate pentru tipul de corp de ap de
suprafa prezint nivele sczute de schimbare datorit
activitilor umane, dar deviaz uor fa de acele valorinormale asociate cu tipul de corpuri de ap de suprafa n
condiii nemodificate;
clasa de calitate III - stare moderat - valorile elementelor
biologice de calitate pentru tipul de corp de ap de
suprafa deviaz moderat fa de acelea care sunt n mod
normal asociate cu tipul de corp de ap de suprafa n
condiii nemodificate. Valorile prezint semne moderate de
perturbare ca urmare a activitilor umane i sunt esenial
perturbate fa de valorile din condiiile de stare bun;
clasa de calitate IV - slab - prezint dovezi de alterri
majore ale valorilor elementelor biologice de calitate pentru
tipul de corpuri de ape de suprafa i n care comunitilebiologice importante deviaz semnificativ de la valorile
normale asociate cu tipul de corpuri de ap de suprafa n
condiii nemodificate;
clasa de calitate V - proast - prezint dovezi de alterri
majore ale valorilor elementelor biologice de calitate pentru
tipul de corpuri de ape de suprafa i n care pri mari din
comunitile biologice importante care sunt n mod normal
asociate cu tipul de corpuri de apa de suprafa n condiii
nemodificate, sunt absente.
Gradul de defoliere a coroanei arborilor este unul dintre
indicatorii care exprim starea de sntate a pdurilor.
Datele privind starea pdurilor provin din sondajele realizate
de ctre Regia Naional a Pdurilor prin reeaua naional de
sondaje permanente, observrile efectundu-se n 3827 de
parcele de sondaj (cu o suprafa de 4x4 km fiecare).
n anul 2004 au fost inventariai selectiv 100041 arbori, din
care 24936 la specia rinoase i 75105 la specia foioase.
Defolierea este evaluat prin proporia frunzelor czute n raport
cu normele stabilite i se detaliaz n 5 clase:
clasa 0: 0-10% = neafectat;
clasa 1: 11-25% = uor;
clasa 2: 26-60% = mediu;
clasa 3: 61-99% = sever;
clasa 4: 100% = uscat.
The evaluation of the superficial waters quality is carried
out by monitoring the biological hidro - morfological parameters,
physico - chemical, the prioritary pollution agents or other pollution
agents evacuated in important quantities. According to Law
no.310/2004, annex 11.5 quality classes are distinguished, defined
as follows:
the first quality class - very good state - no alterations (or
very few) of physico-chemical and hydro-morfological quality
elements value exist for the type of superficial waters bodies as
against those normally associated with specific type in
unchanged conditions;
the second quality class - good state - biological quality
elements values for superficial water body type presents low
levels of change because of human activity, but it slightly
deviate as against those normal values associated withsuperficial water bodies type in unchanged conditions;
the third quality class - moderate state - biological quality
elements values for superficial water body type moderately
deviates as against those which are normally associated with
superficial water body type in unchanged conditions. These
values presents moderate perturbation signs because of
human activities and are essentially perturbated as against the
good state conditions values;
the fourth quality class - poor - presents major alterations
proofs of the biological quality elements values for superficial
water bodies type in which important biological communitiessignificantly deviates from the normal values associated with
superficial water bodies type in unchanged conditions;
the fifth quality class - bad - presents major alterations
proofs of the biological quality elements values for superficials
water bodies type and in which big parts from important
biological communities which are normally associated with
superficial water bodies type in unchanged conditions are
absent.
Tree crown defoliation is one of indicators expressing forests
state of health.
Data on forests state come from the sample surveys carried out
by National Company of Forests through the permanent samplings
national network observations being carried out in 3827
permanent sample lots (on 4x4 Km area).
n 2004, 100041 trees were selectively inventaried of which
24936 resinous and 75105 broad - leaved species.
The defoliation is evaluated by the share of fallen leaves, according
to the set up norms and is divided into 5 classes:
0 class: 0-10% = unaffected;
1 class: 11-25% = slight;
2 class: 26-60% = medium;
3 class: 61-99% = severe;
4 class: 100% = dry.
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1
Investiiile pentru protecia mediului includ cheltuielile
efectuate pentru lucrri de construcii, de instalaii i de montaj,
pentru achiziionarea de utilaje, mijloace de transport, alte
cheltuieli destinate crerii de noi mijloace fixe pentru
dezvoltarea, modernizarea, reconstrucia celor existente, cu
scopul de protecie a mediului. Ele includ, de asemenea,
valoarea serviciilor legate de transferul de proprieti al
mijloacelor fixe existente i al terenurilor (taxe, materiale,
comisioane, cheltuieli de transport de ncrcare - descrcare).
Cheltuielile pentru protecia mediului includ cheltuielile
efectuate pentru desfurarea activitilor de supraveghere i
protecie a mediului, i care se refer la prevenirea sau repararea
pagubelor aduse acestuia.
Cheltuieli curente interne pentru protecia mediului
nsumeaz cheltuielile efectuate pentru operarea, repararea intreinerea instalaiilor i utilajelor pentru protecia mediului de
ctre personalul ntreprinderii. Ele includ salariile i impozitele
aferente i cheltuielile materiale (materii prime, materiale,
combustibili, energie, ap etc.). Cheltuielile curente interne nu
includ cheltuielile pentru achiziionarea de servicii de mediu de
la teri.
Categoriile de productori de servicii pentru protecia
mediului sunt:
productorii specializai - uniti care execut activiti de
protecia mediului ca activitate principal, care se regsesc
n CAEN Rev.1, la: diviziunea 90 (eliminarea deeurilor i a
apelor uzate, asanare, salubritate i activiti similare),diviziunea 37 (recuperarea deeurilor i resturilor de
materiale reciclabile), diviziunea 41 (captarea, tratarea i
distribuia apei) i clasa 5157 (comer cu ridicata al
deeurilor i resturilor);
productorii nespecializai - uniti care execut o
activitate de protecia mediului ca activitate secundar sau
auxiliar la o activitate principal. Activitatea principal nu
este una de protecia mediului. Aceste uniti se regsesc n
sectorul producie (CAEN Rev.1, diviziunile: 10-45, exclusiv
diviziunile: 37, 41);
administraia public local - toate unitile administraiei
publice ale cror competene privesc numai forma
administrativ-teritorial pentru care au fost constituite.
Activitile specifice de protecia mediului sunt grupate
astfel:
prevenirea i combaterea polurii (protecia aerului,
protecia apei, managementul deeurilor, protecia solului
i a apelor subterane);
protecia resurselor naturale i conservarea biodiversitii
(protecia speciilor, arii protejate, remediere i reconstrucie
ecologic, refacerea mediului acvatic, prevenirea
fenomenelor naturale periculoase);
alte activiti (cercetare-dezvoltare, administrare general
a mediului, reducerea zgomotului i a vibraiilor, protecia
mpotriva radiaiilor, educaie, instruire, informare).
Investments for environment protection include the
expenditure made for construction, installations and building
works, for equipment, transport means purchasing, other
expenditure meant to create new fixed assets for the development,
modernization, reconstruction of the already existent ones, having
the purpose of environment protection. They also include the value
of services related to existent fixed assets and land ownership
transfer (taxes, materials, commissions, loading-unloading
transport expenditure).
Environment protection expenditure include all the
expenditure for carrying out the activities of environment
observation and protection and refer to environment damages
prevention or repair.
Current internal expenditure for environment
pro tect ion are made of the expen ditu re for oper atin g, repa irsand maintenance of installations and equipment for
environment protection by enterprise staff. They include
salaries and taxes and material expenditure (raw materials,
materials, fuels, energy, water a.s.o.). The current internal
expenditure do not include environmental services purchased
from thirds.
Categories of service producers for environment
protection are:
specialised producers - units carrying out an activity of
environment protection as their main activity, which are to be
found at CANE Rev.1, at: division 90 (sewage and refuse
disposal, sanitation and similar activities), division 37 (recoveryof waste and scraps of recycled materials), division 41 (water
collection, purification and distribution), and 5157 class
(wholesale of waste and remains);
non-specialised producers - units carrying out an activity of
environment protection as their secondary or auxiliary activity.
Their main activity is not the environment protection. These
units are found in the sector of production (CANE Rev. 1,
divisions: 10-45, excluding divisions 37, 41);
local public administration - units of public administration
whose competences regard only territorial-administrative type
for which they have been created.
Specific activities of environment protection are grouped
as follows:
pollution prevention and reduction (air protection, water
protection, wastes management, soil and underground waters
protection);
natural resources protection and biodiversity
preservation (species protection, protected areas, ecological
remedy and reconstruction, aquatic environment restoration,
prevention of dangerous natural phenomena);
other activities (research-development, environment general
administration, noise and vibrations reduction, protection
against radiation, education, training, looking forinformation).
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Punctul extrem (localitatea) Jude!ul Longitudinea estic"#) Latitudinea nordic"
Extreme point (locality) County Longitude east1) Latitude north
Nord Satul Horodi!tea Boto!ani 26o42'05'' 48
o"5'06''
North Horodi!tea village
Sud Ora!ul Zimnicea Teleorman 25o23'32'' 43
o37'07''
South Zimnicea town
Est Ora!ul Sulina Tulcea 29o4"'24'' 45
o09'36''
East Sulina town
Vest Comuna Beba Veche Timi! 20o"5'44'' 46
o07'27''
West Beba Veche commune
#)Dup#Greenwich. /According to Greenwich.
1.1 POZI!IA GEOGRAFIC"A ROMNIEI GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF ROMANIA
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Total" Terestr" Fluvial" Maritim"
Total Land River Sea
Total grani!e 3#49,9 #085,6 #8#6,9 247,4 Total borders
Bulgaria 63#,3 "39," 470,0 22,2 Bulgaria Republica Moldova 68#,3 - 68",3 - Republic of Moldova Serbia !i Muntenegru 546,4 256,8 289,6 - Serbia and Montenegro
Ucraina 649,4 273,8 343,9 3",7 Ukraine
Ungaria 448,0 4"5,9 32," - Hungary
Marea Neagr# #93,5 - - "93,5 Black Sea
Note:Lengths of borders are official only with Serbia and Montenegro and Hungary, the other borders being unilaterally calculated.
km
1.2 LUNGIMEA FRONTIERELOR ROMNIEI
LENGTH OF ROMANIAS BORDERS
Lungimea frontierelor/Border length
Not":Lungimile frontierelor sunt oficializate numai cu Serbia !i Muntenegru !i Ungaria, celelalte frontiere fiind calculate unilateral.
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Denumirea vrfului muntos Denumirea masivului muntos Jude!ul Altitudinea vrfului (m)
Name of peak Name of massif County Height (m)
Moldoveanu F!g!ra" Arge" 2544
Negoiu F!g!ra" Arge", Bra"ov, Sibiu 2535
Parngu Mare Parng Gorj, Hunedoara 25#9
Peleaga Retezat Hunedoara 2509
Omu Bucegi Prahova, Bra"ov, Dmbovi$a 2505
Retezat Retezat Hunedoara 2482
Iezeru Mare Iezer Arge" 2462
P!pu"a Iezer Arge" 239#Pietrosu Rodna Maramure" 2303
Gugu Godeanu Cara"-Severin, Hunedoara 229#
Suru F!g!ra" Sibiu, Vlcea 2283Ineu Rodna Bistri$a-N!s!ud 2279Cindrel Cindrel Sibiu 2244
%tefle"ti Lotru Sibiu, Vlcea 2242
La Om (Piscul Baciului) Piatra Craiului Bra"ov 2238
Godeanu Godeanu Cara"-Severin, Gorj 2229
C!leanu &arcu Cara"-Severin 2#90
&arcu &arcu Cara"-Severin 2#90
Leaota Leaota Dmbovi$a, Arge" 2#33
Vrfu lui P!tru %ureanu Hunedoara 2#30
Ursu C!p!$na Vlcea 2#24
Pietrosu C!liman Suceava, Mure" 2#00
%ureanu %ureanu Hunedoara 2059
Farc!u Maramure" Maramure" #956
Ciuca" Ciuca" Bra"ov, Prahova #954
Toroiaga Maramure" Maramure" #930
Ocola"u Mare Ceahl!u Neam$ #907
Toaca Ceahl!u Neam$ #900
Straja Vlcan Gorj, Hunedoara #868
Budacu Bistri$a Neam$, Suceava #859
Giumal!u Rar !u Suceava #856
Cucurb!ta Mare Bihor Bihor, Alba #849
&ible" &ible" Maramure", Bistri$a-N!s!ud #837
Vl!deasa Vl!deasa Cluj #836Muntele Mare Muntele Mare Alba, Cluj #826
Harghita M!d!ra" Harghita Harghita #800
H!"ma"u Mare H!"ma" Harghita, Neam$ #792
Pietrosu Bistri$a Suceava #79#
Goru Vrancea Buz!u, Vrancea #784
L!c!u$ Vrancea Covasna, Vrancea #777
Saca Gurghiu Mure" #776
Penteleu Penteleu Buz!u #772Vla"cu Mic Mun$ii Cernei Cara"-Severin #733Cozia Cozia Vlcea #668
Grindu" Tarc!u Bac!u #664
Rar!u Rar !u Suceava #650
Nemira Nemira Bac!u #649
Lucina Obcina Mestec!ni" Suceava #588
Cucu Harghita Harghita, Covasna #558Bivolu Stni"oara Neam$ #530
Pa"cani Obcina Feredeu Suceava #495Vrfu lui Stan Mehedin$i Mehedin$i #466Piatra Goznei Semenic Cara"-Severin #447Guti Guti Maramure" #443Poieni$a Mun$ii Metaliferi Alba #437Pade" Poiana Rusc! Timi", Cara"-Severin #374Dmb!u Trasc!u Alba #369
Igni" Guti Maramure" #307Ciomatu Bodoc Harghita #30#Detunata Mun$ii Metaliferi Alba #258Svinecea Mare Alm!j Cara"-Severin #224Leordi" Mun$ii Aninei Cara"-Severin ##60Ple"u Codru Moma Arad, Bihor ###2
Vrfu Cet!$ii Per "ani Bra"ov ##04
M!gura Priei Mese" S!laj 996Drocea Zarand Arad 836
&u$uiatu M!cin Tulcea 467
1.3 PRINCIPALELE ALTITUDINI MUNTOASE
MAJOR MOUNTAIN PEAKS
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Denumirea cursului de ap! Lungimea cursului de ap!(km) Suprafa"a bazinului (km2)
River name Length of the river (km) Basin area (km2)
Dun!re "075 33250#)
Mure# 76" 27890Prut 742 "0990Olt 6"5 24050
Siret 559 42890Ialomi$a 4"7 "0350Some# 376 "5740Arge# 350 "2550Jiu 339 "0080Buz!u 302 5264Dmbovi$a 286 2824Bistri$a 283 7039Jijia 275 5757Trnava Mare 246 6253Timi# 244 5673Cri#ul Alb 234 4240Vedea 224 5430Moldova 2"3 4299Brlad 207 7220
Trnava Mic! "96 207"Prahova "93 3738Neajlov "86 3720Olte$ "85 2663Some#ul Mic "78 3773Suceava "73 2298Bega "70 2362Arie# "66 3005Trotu# "62 4456
#)F!r!afluen$ii care formeaz!bazine de ordinul ". /Excluding the tributaries which form the first degree basins.
1.4 LUNGIMEA PRINCIPALELOR CURSURI DE AP!DE PE TERITORIUL ROMNIEI LENGTH OF MAJOR RIVERS ON ROMANIAN TERRITORY
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Denumirea lacului natural Jude"ul Suprafa"a (ha) Volum (mil. m3
Natural lake name County Area (ha) Volume (mill. m3)
Bucura Hunedoara "0,5 0,5Z!noaga Mare Hunedoara 9,0 ",0Blea Sibiu 4,7 0,2
Clcescu Gorj 3,0 0,"
Sfnta Ana Harghita 22,0 0,6
Z!ton Mehedin$i 20,0 ",0Iezerul Ighiu Alba 5,3 0,2Vintileasca Vrancea 4,7 0,"
Lacul Ro#u Harghita "2,6 0,7B!l!t!u Bac!u 6,0 0,"
Ianca Br !ila 322,0 ",6Movila Miresii Br !ila "80,0 4,5Lacul S!rat-Br!ila Br !ila 39,0 0,2
Oltina Constan$a 2509,0 60,0Iezerul Mosti#tei C!l!ra#i "860,0 "60,0#)
Balta Alb! Buz!u, Br!ila "0"2,0 5,"Jirl!u Br!ila 890,0 5,6Amara-Buz!u Buz!u 600,0 3,6Snagov Ilfov 575,0 "7,3C!ld!ru#ani Ilfov 224,0 4,5Hazarlc Constan$a "68,0 0,8Amara-Ialomi$a Ialomi$a "32,0 2,6
Ta#aul Constan$a 2335,0 57,0Techirghiol Constan$a ""6",0 4",8Mangalia Constan$a 26",0 "5,7Tatlageac Constan$a "78,0 "4,0
Razim Tulcea 4"500,0 909,0Sinoie Constan$a "7"50,0 2"0,7Zmeica Tulcea 5460,0 45,6Siutghiol Constan$a "900,0 88,7
Brate# Gala$i 2""",0 30,0Bistre$ Dolj "867,0 28,0Suhaia Teleorman "094,0 "8,0Lacul Rotund Tulcea 2"9,0 2,0
Dranov Tulcea 2"70,0 2",7Lacul Ro#u Tulcea "445,0 2",7Gorgova Tulcea "377,5 "3,8Lumina Tulcea "367,5 20,5
Merhei Tulcea "057,5 "5,9Furtuna Tulcea 977,5 9,8Mati$a Tulcea 652,5 9,8
Lacuri n depresiuni carstice/Lakes of karstic depressions
Lacuri de baraj natural/ Lakes of natural barrage
#)Volum rezultat din lucr!rile de amenajare pentru iriga$ii. /Volume resulted from planning works for irrigations.
1.5 PRINCIPALELE LACURI NATURALE MAJOR NATURAL LAK ES
Lacuri de lunc! / River meadow lakes
Lacuri din Delta Dun!rii/ Danube Delta lakes
Lacuri n crovuri (depresiuni de tasare) /Clasto-karstic lakes
Limane fluviatile/River banks
Limane fluvio-maritime/ River - maritime banks
Lagune marine/ Maritime lagoons
Lacuri n circuri glaciare/ Lakes of glacial circuses
Lacuri n cratere vulcanice/Lakes of volcanic crater
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Suprafa"a la nivel Volumul la nivel normal
normal de reten"ie (ha) de reten"ie (mil. m3
Area at normal level Volume at normal level
of afflux (ha) of afflux (mill. m3)
Por$ile de Fier Mehedin$i 70000,0#) 2400,0 energie / energy
Ostrovu Mare Mehedin$i 7920,0 800,0 energie / energyStnca-Coste#ti Boto#ani 5900,0 735,0 complex!/ complexIzvorul Muntelui-Bicaz Neam$ 3"00,0 ""30,0 energie / energyStreje#ti Olt 2204,0 202,7 energie / energyIpote#ti Olt "692,0 ""0,0 energie / energyFrunzaru Olt "280,0 96,0 energie / energyIzbiceni Olt "095,0 74,0 energie / energyDr!g!ne#ti Olt "080,0 76,0 energie / energyMih!ile#ti Ilfov "0"3,0 76,3 complex!/ complexVidra Vlcea 950,0 340,0 energie / energyFntnele Cluj 884,0 2"2,9 energie / energyVidraru Arge# 870,0 469,0 complex!/complexDr!c#ani Boto#ani 500,0 6," piscicultur!/ fish breedingSole#ti Vaslui 452,0 "5,8 complex!/complex
Oa#a Alba 447,0 "3",0 energie / energyGura Apelor Hunedoara 420,0 2"0,0 energie / energyC!line#ti Satu Mare 380,0 8,6 complex!/ complexSiriu Buz!u 360,0 "26,0 complex!/complexIovan Gorj 290,0 "20,0 complex!/ complexColibi$a Bistri$a N!s!ud 270,0 65,0 complex!/ complexLacul Morii Municipiul Bucure#ti 256,0 "4,2 complex!/ complexV!c!re#ti Dmbovi$a 234,0 "4," complex!/complexBr!di#or Vlcea 230,0 38,0 complex!/ complexPu#ca#i Vaslui 230,0 8,0 complex!/ complexTarni$a Cluj 2"5,0 70,3 energie / energyPecineagu Dmbovi$a "82,0 63,0 complex!/ complex
1.6 PRINCIPALELE LACURI ANTROPICE MAJOR ANTHROPIC LAK ES
#)ntre confluen$a Nera-Dun!re #i baraj (dup!datele celor dou!hidrocentrale).1)
Nera-Danube and dam confluence (according to the data of the two hydro-power stations).
Denumirea lacului antropic
Anthropic lake name
Jude"ul
County
Categoria de folosin"!
Category of use
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Total 23839# 3#4 #03 2827 #2957
#. Nord - Est / North - East 36850 45 #7 497 24#3 Bac!u 662# 8 3 80 49" Boto#ani 4986 7 2 70 330 Ia#i 5476 4 2 94 420 Neam$ 5896 5 2 76 344 Suceava 8553 "6 5 96 379 Vaslui 53#8 5 3 8" 449
2. Sud - Est /South - East 35762 35 ## 350 #447 Br!ila 4766 4 " 40 "40 Buz!u 6#03 5 2 82 475 Constan$a 707# "2 3 57 "88
Gala$i 4466 4 2 59 "80 Tulcea 8499 5 " 45 "33 Vrancea 4857 5 2 67 33"
3. Sud - Muntenia / South - Muntenia 34453 48 #6 509 20#8 Arge# 6826 7 3 95 576 C!l!ra#i 5088 5 2 48 "60 Dmbovi$a 4054 7 2 82 353 Giurgiu 3526 3 " 5" "66 Ialomi$a 4453 7 3 52 "27 Prahova 47#6 "4 2 89 405 Teleorman 5790 5 3 92 23"
4. Sud - Vest Oltenia / South - West Oltenia 292#2 40 ## 408 2066 Dolj 74#4 7 3 "04 378 Gorj 5602 9 2 6" 4"" Mehedin$i 4933 5 2 6" 344 Olt 5498 8 2 "04 377 Vlcea 5765 "" 2 78 556
5. Vest /West 32034 42 #2 276 #327 Arad 7754 "0 " 68 270 Cara#-Severin 8520 8 2 69 287 Hunedoara 7063 "4 7 55 457 Timi# 8697 "0 2 84 3"3
6. Nord - Vest /North - West 34#59 42 #5 398 #802 Bihor 7544 "0 4 90 429 Bistri$a-N!s!ud 5355 4 " 56 235 Cluj 6674 6 5 75 420 Maramure# 6304 "3 2 63 2"3
Satu Mare 44#8 5 2 58 224 S!laj 3864 4 " 56 28"
7. Centru / Center 34#00 57 20 354 #784 Alba 6242 "" 4 66 656 Bra#ov 5363 "0 4 47 "49 Covasna 37#0 5 2 39 "22 Harghita 6639 9 4 58 235 Mure# 67#4 "" 4 9" 460 Sibiu 5432 "" 2 53 "62
8. Bucure$ti - Ilfov / Bucharest - Ilfov #82# 5 # 35 #00 Ilfov #583 4 - 35 "00 Municipiul Bucure#ti 238 " " - -
Bucharest Municipality
1.8 ORGANIZAREA ADMINISTRATIV!A TERITORIULUI ROMNIEI, LA 31 DECEMBRIE 2004 ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANISATION OF ROMANIAN TERRITORY, ON DECEMBER 31, 2004
Num!rul
comunelor
Number of
communes
Num!rul
satelor
Number of
villages
Regiunea de dezvoltare
Jude"ul
Development region
County
Suprafa"atotal!
Total area
(km2)
din care:
municipii
of which:
municipalities
Num!rulora$elor
$i municipiilor
Number
of towns
and municipalities
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Satu Mare -"7,7 36,2 648,0Suceava -20,8 34,3 480,5Oradea -"7,2 36,8 740,0Ia#i -"7,0 35,0 58",9Cluj - Napoca -"7,5 34,2 640,4Trgu Mure# -23," 35,2 637,6Bac!u -"6,2 34,0 563,4Timi#oara -"6,8 37,0 706,7Deva -2",5 36,5 752,"Sibiu -22,6 34,3 693,9
Vrfu Omu -30,2 "6,5 8"8,8Gala$i -"5," 34,3 6"3,5Trgu Jiu -"7,2 34,3 "007,3Buz!u -23,5 34,6 500,0Calafat -"6,4 39,2 443,8Turnu M!gurele -"8,4 40,0 370,2Bucure#ti - Filaret -"3,6 35,6 582,0Constan$a -"2,4 3",6 674,6
TEMPERATURA AERULUI "I PRECIPITA#IILE ATMOSFERICE,PE PRINCIPALELE STA#II METEOROLOGICE, N ANUL 2004
AIR TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATIONS,
BY THE MA IN METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS, IN 2004
Sursa: Administra$ia Na$ional!de Meteorologie.
Source : National Administration of Meteorology.
Sta"ia meteorologic!
Meteorological station
Minima absolut!anual!
(grade Celsius)
Yearly absolute
minimum
(Celsius degrees)
Maxima absolut!anual!
(grade Celsius)
Yearly absolute
maximum
(Celsius degrees)
Cantitatea anual!de precipita"ii
(mm)
Yearly average quantity
by precipitations
(mm)
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Num!r Suprafa"a #)(ha)
Number Area1)
(ha)
Rezerva$ii #tiin$ifice 55 """277 Scientific reservations
Parcuri na$ionale "2 304730 National parks
Monumente ale naturii 234 7705 Natural monuments
Rezerva$ii naturale 6"7 204355 Natural reservations
Parcuri naturale "3 728272 Natural parks
Rezerva$ii ale biosferei 3 664446 Biosphere reservations
Sursa: Ministerul Mediului #i Gospod!ririi Apelor. / Source: Ministry of Environment and Waters Administration.
1.12 ARIILE PROTEJATE, N ANUL 2004 PROTECTED AREAS, IN 2004
#)Conform Legii nr. 5/2000 privind Planul de amenajare a teritoriului na $ional - Sec$iunea a III-a - zone protejate #i a H.G. nr.2"5"/2004 privindinstituirea regimului de arie natural!protejat!pentru noi zone.
1) According to Law no.5 / 2000 regarding the Plan for arranging the national territory - Third Section - protected areas and the Government Decision
no.2"5"/ 2004 regarding the protected natural area regime for new areas.
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Denumirea rezerva"iei Jude"ul Suprafa"a #)(ha)
Name of reservation County Area1)
(ha)
Total 664446
Delta Dun!rii / Danube Delta Tulcea, Constan$a 580000Retezat Hunedoara 38047Rodna Maramure#, Bistri$a-N!s!ud, Suceava 46399
Source: Ministry of Environment and Waters Administration.
Sursa: Ministerul Mediului #i Gospod!ririi Apelor.
#)Conform Legii nr. 5/2000 privind Planul de amenajare a teritoriului na $ional - Sec$iunea a III-a - zone protejate.
1.13 REZERVA#II ALE BIOSFEREI, N ANUL 2004 BIOSPHERE RESERVA TIONS, IN 2004
1) According to Law no. 5 / 2000 regarding the Plan for arranging the national territory - Third Section - protected areas.
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Denumirea parcului Jude"ul Suprafa"a #)(ha)
Name of park County Area1)
(ha)
Parcuri na"ionale - total / National parks - total 304730
Domogled-Valea Cernei Cara#-Severin, Mehedin$i, Gorj 60"00Rodna Bistri$a-N!s!ud, Maramure#, Suceava 46399Retezat Hunedoara 38047
Cheile Nerei-Beu#ni$a Cara#-Severin 37"00Semenic-Cheile Cara#ului Cara#-Severin 36665C!limani Bistri$a-N!s!ud, Suceava, Mure# 2404"Cozia Vlcea "7"00Piatra Craiului Arge#, Bra#ov "4800Mun$ii M!cinului Tulcea ""32"Ceahl!u Neam$ 8396Cheile Bicazului-H!#ma# Neam$, Harghita 6575Buila-Vntur!ri$a Vlcea 4"86
Principalele parcuri naturale - total /Major natural parks - total 728272
din care: / of which:
Mun$ii Maramure#ului Maramure# "48850 Por$ile de Fier Cara#-Severin, Mehedin$i ""5656 Geoparcul Platoul Mehedin$i Mehedin$i "06000
Geoparcul Dinozaurilor %ara Ha$egului Hunedoara "02392 Mun$ii Apuseni Alba, Bihor, Cluj 75784 Bucegi Arge#, Bra#ov, Dmbovi$a, Prahova 32663
regimului de arie natural!protejat!pentru noi zone.
Sursa: Ministerul Mediului #i Gospod!ririi Apelor.Source: Ministry of Environment and Waters Administration.
1.14 PARCURILE NA#IONALE "I PRINCIPALELE PARCURI NATURALE, N ANUL 2004 NATIONAL AND MAJOR NATURAL PARKS, IN 2004
#)Conform Legii nr. 5/2000 privind Planul de amenajare a teritoriului na $ional - Sec$iunea a III-a - zone protejate #i a H.G. nr. 2"5"/2004 privind instituirea
1) According to Law no. 5 / 2000 regarding the Plan for arranging the national territory - Third Section - protected areas and the Government Decision
no. 2"5"/ 2004 regarding the protected natural area regime for new areas.
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Surse de ap!/Water sources
Bazine hidrografice/ Hydrographic basins
Total 40#4#
Ape de suprafa"!/ Superficial waters 34#43
Ruri interioare /Inland rivers "4"43
Tisa 256 Some# 7"5 Cri#uri 394 Mure# "262
Spa$iul Banat #) 608
Jiu 2"09 Olt "792 Vedea 40 Arge# "67" Ialomi$a 430 Siret "955 Prut 726
Alte bazine2)/ Other basins 2) 2"85
Dun!rea/ The Danube 20000
Ape subterane /Underground waters 5998
Sursa: Administra$ia Na$ional!"Apele Romne".Source: National Administration "Romanian Waters".
1.15 RESURSELE DE AP!ASIGURATE, POTRIVIT GRADULUI DE AMENAJARE, N ANUL 2004 WATER RESOURCES ASSURED, ACCORDING TO THE ARRANGEMENT LEVEL, IN 2004
milioane m3/ an
million m3
/ year
#)Spa$iul Banat /Banat Space = Bega, Cara#, Brzava, Timi#, Cerna, Nera.2)Alte bazine / Other basins = C!lm!$ui - Olt, C!lm!$ui - Buz!u.
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Total lungimi
pe ruri
supravegheate
Total length of
monitored
rivers
Total 22569 25#5 8566 7323 32#2 953
Tisa 524 "9 24" 204 3" 29Some# #799 - 678 730 206 "85Cri#uri 997 - 454 486 57 -Mure#-Aranca 2434 394 ""76 598 228 38
Spa$iul Banat #) #377 - 930 234 2"3 -Jiu #2#4 4"9 495 263 "" 26Olt 2443 290 353 963 709 "28Vedea 875 - 32 332 448 63Arge# 2369 32 ""3" 9"3 "68 "25
Ialomi$a 2) #327 29 223 577 472 26
Siret 4#35 "332 "459 997 "37 2"0Prut #642 - 699 444 398 "0"Dun!rea / The Danube #075 - 695 374 6 -Litoral / Seaside 358 - - 208 "28 22
Source: National Administration "Romanian Waters".
2)Inclusiv rul C!lm!$ui. / Including C#lm#$ui river.
km
#)Spa$iul Banat / Banat Space = Bega, Cara#, Brzava, Timi#, Cerna, Nera.
din care: / of which:
Bazine hidrografice
Hydrographic basinsClasa I
The first
class
Clasa II
The second
class
Clasa III
The third
class
Clasa V
The fifth
class
1.16 CALITATEA APELOR DE SUPRAFA#!, N ANUL 2004 SUPERFICIAL WATER QUAL ITY, IN 2004
Clasa IV
The fourth
class
Sursa: Administra$ia Na$ional!"Apele Romne".
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Suprafa"a
p!durilor
(mii ha)
Forests area neafectat u$or mediu sever uscat
(thou hectares) unaffected slight medium severe dry
Total "ar! 6222 62,5 25,8 #0,3 0,8 0,6Total country
- r!#inoase #852 70,7 2",7 6,7 0,5 0,4 coniferous
- foioase 4370 59,8 27,2 "",5 0,9 0,6 broad-leaved
Clasa de defoliere
Defoliation class
(%)
1.17 DEFOLIEREA ARBORILOR LA PRINCIPALELE SPECII "I LA TOATE VRSTELE, PE CLASE DE DEFOLIERE, N ANUL 2004 TREES DEFOLIATION, FOR THE MAIN SPECIES AND AL L AGES,
BY DEFOLIATION CLASSES, IN 2004
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Protec"ia
resurselor
naturale $i
conservarea
sol $i ape biodiversit!"ii
subterane Natural resources
soil and protection and
underground biodiversity
waters preservation
Total #5546725,7 47##00#,8 4796597,9 4#75424,7 #065326,3 273786,9 524588,#
Total 9839009,9 4708225,4 #5694##,7 2#27887,2 #0#9247,9 #88059,6 226#78,#
Industrie extractiv! 230#202,3 "3"7359,7 "23799,3 55486,9 678"09,5 "05250,2 2""96,7Mining and quarrying
Industrie prelucr!toare 54302#4,4 2537406,9 "093338,7 "4265"7,2 "75929,9 52870," "44"5",6Manufacturing
Produc$ia, transportul #i distribu$iade energie electric!#i termic!,gaze #i ap!cald! 20#5##9,3 8"7663,4 345437,0 628689,6 "58396,3 29262,2 35670,8Electric and thermal energy,
gas and hot water production,
transport and distribution
Construc$ii 92473,9 35795,4 6836,7 "7"93,5 68"2,2 677," 25"59,0Construction
Total 28#8530,7 2776,4 847668,5 #822782,3 42593,4 - #027#0,#
Recuperarea de#eurilor #i resturilorde materiale reciclabile 9676#2,4 "7"6,3 "836,6 9"4849,3 4908,3 - 4430",9
Recovery of wastes andremains of recycled materials
Captarea, tratarea #i distribu$ia apei 957070,8 53",6 842"94,5 3"692,4 37"35,3 - 455"7,0Water catchment, treatment
and distribution
Comer$cu ridicata al de#eurilor#i resturilor 245339,3 - - 234305,8 - - ""033,5Wholesale trade of wastes
and remains
Eliminarea de#eurilor #i a apeloruzate; asanare, salubritate#i activit!$i similare 648508,2 528,5 3637,4 64"934,8 549,8 - "857,7Wastes and used waters refusal;
reclamation, sanitation
and similar activities
Total 2889#85,# - 23795#7,7 224755,2 3485,0 85727,3 #95699,9
Administra$ie public!local! 2889#85,# - 23795"7,7 224755,2 3485,0 85727,3 "95699,9Local public adminstration
by environmental fields:
Administra"ie public!/ Public administration
Produc!tori nespecializa"i /Non-specialised producers
Produc!tori specializa"i/ Specialised producers
1.18 INVESTI#II PENTRU PROTEC#IA MEDIULUI, PE CATEGORII DE PRODUC!TORI "I DOMENII DE MEDIU, N ANUL 2004 INVESTMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, BY CATEGORY OF PRODUCERS
AND ENVIRONMENTAL FIELDS, IN 2004
Sectoare de activitate
Activity sectors
Total
Alte
domenii
Otherfields
milioane lei pre"uri curente /milion lei current prices
de$euri
wastes
ap!
water
aer
air
Prevenirea $i combaterea polu!rii,
pe domenii de mediu:
Prevention and control of pollution,
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U.M. = unitate de msurM.U. = measurement unit
mm = milimetru= millimetre
m = metru= metre
m2 = metru ptrat= square metre
m3 = metru cub= cubic metre
ha (10000 m2) = hectar= hectare
km = kilometru= kilometre
km2 = kilometru ptrat= square kilometre
microgr. = microgram= microgram
mg = miligram= miligram
g = gram= gram
kg = kilogram= kilogram
t = ton= tonne
tdw = ton deadweight= tonne deadweight
l = litru= litre
dal = decalitru= decalitre
hl = hectolitru= hectolitre
W = watt= watt
kW = kilowatt= kilowatt
kWh = kilowatt - or= kilowatt - hour
kVA = kilovoltamper= kilovoltamper
MVA = megavoltamper= megavoltamper
CP = cal putereHP = horse power
kcal = kilocalorie= kilocalorie
Gcal = gigacalorie= gigacalorie
kO = kilooctet= kilooctet
'' = secund= second
' = minut= minute
h = or= hour
0 = grad= degree
nr. = numrno. = number
% = procent=percentage
mii = miithou = thousands
mil. = milionmill. = million
mild. = miliardbn = billion
echiv. = echivalentequiv. = equivalent
S.A. = substan activA.S. = active substance
buc. = bucatpcs. = pieces
per. = pereche=pair
garnit. = garnitur= set
PRESCURTRI FOLOSITE PENTRU UNITILE DE MSURABBREVIATIONS USED FOR UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
SIMBOLURI FOLOSITESYMBOLS USED
- = nu e cazul= data not applicable
... = lips date= data not available
~ = date nensumabile= nontotalized data
G = grafich
*) = date mai mici dect 0,5= magnitude less than 0.5
**) = date mai mici dect 0,05= magnitude less than 0.05
***) = date mai mici dect 0,005= magnitude less than 0.005