curs vitamine 2011 1
Post on 19-Feb-2018
277 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
1/20
1
VITAMINE
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
2/20
2
Anul descoperirii Sursa 1909 Vitamin A (Retinol) ficat de cod 1912 Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) coji de orez 1912 Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) lamai 1918 Vitamin D (Calciferol) ficat de cod
1920 Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) oua 1922 Vitamin E (Tocopherol) ulei din germeni de grau, ficat 192 Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamina)ficat 1929 Vitamin ! (Phyllouinone) alfalfa (lucerna "erde # numai
frunze) $ro"ine din lim%a ara%a #&'al#fac#faca&'# i inemna &'$arinteletuturor alimentelor&' , nueminte# f*to+ic# # cana"aina# Aa),
19-1 Vitamin B. (Pantothenic acid) ficat 19-1 Vitamin B/ (!iotin) ficat 19- Vitamin B (Pyrido"ine) coji de orez 19- Vitamin B- (Niacin) ficat 191 Vitamin B9 (#olic acid) ficat
VITAMINE $ descoperiri
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiaminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascorbic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciferolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riboflavinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocopherolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocopherolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riboflavinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciferolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascorbic_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiaminhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinol -
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
3/20
-
VITAMINE
vitamina A caie, lamai, $ortocale,anana, mandarine, mere, $ere,migdale, nuci
vitamina E# nuci, migdale, malinevitamina !%# truguri, $ortocale,
mandarine, mere, $ere, migdale, nucivitamina C3 macee, lamai, $ortocale,
caie, mere, $ere, afine, coacaze
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
4/20
Considera&ii 'enerale(E#INITIE Vitaminele sunt compu)i or'anici e"o'eni*
necesari +n cantit,&i minime -catalitice. cre)terii*de/volt,rii )i reproducerii tuturor vie&uitoarelor0
boli$se datorea/, unor deficien&e alimentare*
hr,nirea timp +ndelun'at cu alimente conservate*cu alimente prea purificatesau prea multprelucrate* determin, apari&ia unor boli 'rave* cascorbutul* beri$beri* etc0
1ipsa vitaminelordin alimenta4ia animalelor au una$ort inuficient de "itamine $roduce tul%ur5ri gra"e,cunocute u% denumirea de boli prin caren
AVITAMINOZE*
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
5/20
.
VITAMINE
hipovitamino/e# cantiti insuficientede "itamine 6nalimenta4ie, determin5 tul%ur5ri # fenomene de caren45$ecifice "itaminei re$ecti"e*
hipervitamino/e# un aport prea marede "itamine,
tul%ur5ri provitamine# precursori# u%tan4e care 6n
organimul animal $e %aza unor reac4ii im$le etranform5 6n "itamine $ro$riu#zie
antivitamine# u%tan4e care au ac&iuneanta'onist,cu cea a "itaminelor, $roduc7ndim$tomele caren4ei "itaminei re$ecti"e
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
6/20
Antivitaminele
Analogi structurali# com$ui cutructur5 analoag5 "itaminelor, dar f,r,activitate biolo'ic,(e+* AB #ulfamide)*
Heterologi structurali# com$ui care
nu au nici o aem5nare tructural5 cu"itaminele# le inactivea/a(e+* tiaminazaau$ra "itaminei B1)*
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
7/20
/
Nomenclatura )i clasificareavitaminelor 2a/imir #un36n 1912 # a introdu termenul de "itamin5
Criterii$t*denumirea vitaminelor%0 Pe ba/a ac&iunii fi/iolo'ice, e+* "itamina antiraitic5,
anticor%utic5, anti$elagroa5 etc*40 5n ordinea descoperirii lorau fot notate cu literele
alfabetuluiA, B, C, D, E, etc*# mai multe formeale aceleai "itamine, #au notat cu indice
numerice+* A1, A2, B1, B2, B12, D1, D2 # etc*60denumiri u/uale# $e l7ng5 denumirea itematic570 In functie de solubilitate
a06n a$5 i ol"en4i $olari # vitamine hidrosolubileb* 6n li$ide i ol"en4i organici # vitamine liposolubile8*dup, mecanismul lor de ac&iunea* "itamine cu func&iede coen/im, B1, B2, B-, B, , :;,etc*%* "itamine f,r, func&ie de coen/im,
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
8/20
8
Vitaminele hidrosolubileVit0 !% $ Vit0 anti $ beri$beri0 Tiamina
E"tractie9 din cojile de orez, !* $6, leguminoae 0,.#-,0, ficatul animalelor 0,1#0,,g5l%enu de ou 0,0.#0,1-, muci 0,0#0,1, la$te 0,0#0,0/
Necesar /ilnic %04 m' ;/i$ adulti masculi* %0% m'; /i$ femeleStructura94*8 dimetil 7 amino pirimidin,condenat5cu
7? metil* 8? hidro"ietil tia/ol
N
N
CH2
CH2 CH2 OHH3C NH2S
N+1
2 4
3
56 3 4`
2` 5`
1`
CH3
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
9/20
9
Vitamina !%
Propr0 fi/ice si chimice u%tan45 critalin5 de culoare al%5, olu%il5 6n a$5, alcool i glicerin5 e decom$une la radia4iile >V uor o+ida%il5 # !?n@7, !6
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
10/20
10
Vitamina !%$ forma activata
unele microor'anismedin flora intetinal5 unt produc,toarei alteleconsumatoare de tiamin,# la ta%ilirea neceit54ilor de "itamin5 B1* Absorb&ia- la nivelul intestinului sub&ire $irofoforilarea 6n mare E"cretia9 urina* fecale 7ngele # tiamin5 ( B$%8 ' 100 ml) # < Dfoforilat5 Rol biochimic9forma activ,, tiaminpirofosfat( TPP)# 6n celule
nucleate (intetin, ficat, rinici ) u% ac4iunea tiamin3ina/elor6n $rezen45de ATPi M'4 decarbo"ilare
tiamin Mg tiaminpirofosfat
C2H5 O
+CH2 CH3
H3C NH2S
NN
N
N
N
CH2 CH3
CH2 CH2 OHH3C NH2S
N+
!" M"
2+ " OH
O
" OH
OH
O
O
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
11/20
11
Vitamina !%$ rol de coen/ima
Mecanismul de ac&iune9e condeneaz5 cu 'r0 carbonil +npo/i&ia C4, a nucleului tia/olic, form7nd aldeida acti"5FCoen/ima en/imelor%0 Comple" piruvat$dehidro'ena/, PiruvatAcetil#CoA G
CF440 Piruvat decarbo"ila/a PiruvatAcetaldeid5 G CF460 Comple" ceto'lutaratdehidro'ena/, Ceto'lutarat
uccinil#CoAGCF470 Transcetola/, Hilulozo . G Ii%ozo#.edoe$tulozo#.
G aldeida - gliceric5Actiune9 Stimulea/a
%0 biosinte/a lipidelor din 'lucide40 re'larea metabolismului 'lucidic60 inhib, activitatea colinestera/ei* favori/:nd transmiterea
influ"ului nervos70 siner'ism cu riboflavina -vit0 !4. )i acidul ascorbic -vit0C.
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
12/20
12
AvitaminozaB1
Se manifest, prin9%0 anore"ie40 anemie60 atrofie muscular,70 dere'l,ri +n reproduc&ie )i lacta&ie80 insuficien&, cardiac,=0 mi)c,ri necoordonateB0 oboseal, fi/ic, )i intelectual,>0 sc,derea secre&iei 'astrice0 sl,bire
A"itaminozele gra"educ la boalanumit5 beri$beriSe manifest, prin9%0 tulbur,ri nervoase -ale membrelor.40 tulbur,ri cardiace60 atrofie muscular,
70 tulburari de reproductie* lactatie$ la femele
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
13/20
1-
AvitaminozaB1
Specii afectatemai frecvent%0 Suine$ sensibile la carenta de !%$
dispnee* anore"ie* vomismente40 Pasari$ contractii musculare*tulburari de mers
Specii neafectate$ rarRume'atoarele9$ microflora din rumensinteti/ea/a vit0 !%
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
14/20
1
Riboflavina0 Vitamina !4
Jn 19-2 !ein# pi'ment 'albendin al%uul de ou# ovoflavina R,sp:ndirea:droGdie#(. mg) ficat(-mg), rinichi(2mg),
ou (0*mg) #lapte(lactoflavina) (0*2mg), cereale* plante(verdoflavina) (0*2 mg)
Necesar /ilnic%06 m' ;/i$ adulti masculi* %0% m';/i femele Structura ciclu de i/oalo"a/in,metilati un ret de ribitol
=*B dimetil ( ribitol $ i/oalo"a/ina
N
N
CNC
N
CH2#CHOH$3CH2OH
H3C
H3C
O
O H
1
2-.
/
8
9
10
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
15/20
1.
Vitamina !4
Propr0 fi/ice si chimice substan&, cristali/at,* de culoare 'alben,* termostabil,* sensibil, la ac&iunea hH in solu&ii apoase ba/ice* hH* lumiflavin,
+n solu&ii acide* hv*lumicrom ambii compusi nu mai pre/int, activitate vitaminic,
N
N
CN
CN
N
N
CN
CN
N
N
CN
CNH3C
H3C
H3C
H3C
H3C
H3C
CH2#CHOH$3CH2OH
CH3
O
OO
H
H H
O
O
O
H H
iradieremedi% acid
iradiere
medi% &a'ic
(%microm (%mif(a)in
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
16/20
1
Vitamina !4
( ribitolulconfer5 moleculei ta%ilitate, olu%ilitate, activitateoptic, )i activitate vitaminic, $rin+nlocuirea(ribitoluluicu 1ribitolsau'alactil, se
pierde activitatea vitaminic, $rin+nlocuirea radicalilor metildin $ozi4iile =*Bcu radical etil,
brom au clor$ com$ui cu rol antivitaminic* R0 de o"ido$ reducere are loc 6n $ozi4iile N%i N%
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
17/20
1/
Vitamina !4
Absorb&iae face la nivelul intestinului sub&ire$ are loc i ofosforilare* Jn organim e g5ete li%er5 6n $lam5, urin5, la$te, retin5, iar u%
form5 com%inat5 (enzime fla"inice) 6n diferite 4euturi ( ficat,rinici )*
Eliminareae face $rin urin5*
Rol biochimic* Jn celulele "ii ri%ofla"ina intr5 6n tructura a 4cofactori en/imatici(#MN )i #A()*
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
18/20
18
Vitamina !4
Rol biochimic*#MN$ coen/ima pt0 1(@* NA(P@ $ o"ireducta/a* lactato"ida/a#A(
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
19/20
19
Vitamina !4
Carena+n !4 se manifest, prin9%0 tulbur,ri la nivelul 'urii )i tractului di'estiv9
cr,parea )i umflarea bu/elor -cheilo/,.* ra'adedureroase* stomatite an'ulare sau /,b,lu&e*
40 tulbur,ri oculare* oboseal, vi/ual,* fotofobie*sen/a&ia de Jnisip +n ochiJ* sc,derea acuit,&iivi/uale* conGunctivit, infec&ioas, -bovine.
60 le/iuni dermice* cu le/iuni umede* alterarea unor'lande* afectarea SN* cu astenie* oboseal,*
tremur,turi Vit0 Cameliorea/,caren&a +n vit0 ! 4 cre)te necesitatea de vit0 PP siner'ism cu vit0 A)i vit0 ! %4
-
7/23/2019 Curs Vitamine 2011 1
20/20
20
AvitaminozaB2
Specii afectatemai frecvent%0 Suine adulte$inapetenta* diaree* fatari
premature
40 Purceii$ debili* neviabili60 Pasari$reducerea productiei de oua*
scaderea nr0 de oua eclu/ionate
70 Puii de 'aina incetiniri si opriri dincrestere* tulburari locomotorii - rasucireade'etelor* parali/ii.
top related