turcia – stat candidat la integrarea în ue: provocări şi perspective

7/18/2019 Turcia – Stat candidat la integrarea în UE: Provocări şi perspective

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/turcia-stat-candidat-la-integrarea-in-ue-provocari-si-perspective 1/14

TURCIA – STAT CANDIDAT LA INTEGRAREA ÎN UE:

PROVOCĂRI I PERSPECTIVEȘ

BUCURE TIȘ

2014



CUPRINS

INTRODUCERE.......................................................................................................2

CAPITOLUL 1 ISTORIA INTEGRĂRII EUROPENE A TURCIEI........................4

CAPITOLUL 2 TURCIA ŞI ADERAREA LA UE - PUNCTE FORTE ŞIOBSTACOLE............................................................................................................6

CAPITOLUL 3 PERSPECTIVELE ADERĂRII TURCIEI LA UE.........................9

CONCLUZII............................................................................................................12

BIBLIOGRAFIE.....................................................................................................13

1



INTRODUCERE

Prezenta !"rare re#rez$nt% & '"!rt% ana$z% re(er$t&are a $nte)rarea e!r&#ean% a T!r"$e$*'tat "are a +e,arat -n an! 200. !n #r&"e' !n) /$ ane&$&'* a "%r!$ rez!tat ($na ar tre!$ '% ($e

a+erarea a Un$!nea E!r&#ean%

P&e'tea $nte)r%r$$ e!r&#ene a T!r"$e$ e'te !na +e't! +e !n)% 3 T!r"$a a "er!t '% +e$n%

'tat a'&"$at a CEE -n"% +$n an! 1. Cererea a a!t "a rez!tat 'e,narea !n!$ a"&r+ +e

a'&"$ere -n 156* #r$n "are CEE /$ T!r"$a -/$ a'!,a! "rearea !ne$ !n$!n$ a,ae #7n% "e t7rz$!

-n an! 1. Pr&$e"t! a (&'t -ntarz$at /$* -n "ee +$n !r,%* %'at #r$n 'ertaree CEE În 189

T!r"$a "erea &($"$a '% a+ere a UE R%'#!n'!* en$t tre$ an$ ,a$ t7rz$!* #re"$za (a#t! "% UE n!

#&ate -n"e#e ,&,entan ne)&"$er$e #entr! a+erare* +$n "a!za #r&e,e&r 'ae $nterne C!

a"ea't% &"az$e* era! re'!'"$tate -n'% #an!r$e #entr! & !n$!ne a,a% A$a -n 1* a -ntr!n$rea

C&n'$$!!$ E!r&#ean +e a e'$n;$* T!r"$a era re"!n&'"!t% +re#t 'tat "an+$+at a a+erarea a UE

<&e;,an* T&)an* 200.= În 2001 a (&'t "reat !n #artener$at #entr! a+erare a UE* "eea "e

-n'e,na "% UE /$ T!r"$a &r "&n!"ra #entr! "a a"ea'ta +$n !r,% '% a+&#te a">!$'3! "&,!n$tar

<"a+r! e)a a UE=

A+erarea T!r"$e$ re#rez$nt% & a"?$!ne "are r$+$"% & 'er$e +e #r&e,e @a$ -nt7$* e$'t%

n!,er&a'e &"$ a n$e e!r&#ean "are "&nte't% a+erarea T!r"$e$* '! ar$$ ,&t$e Un! +$ntrea"e'te ,&t$e e'te e)at +e -n'%/$ a#artenen?a T!r"$e$ a '#a?$! )e&)ra($" e!r&#ean E'te T!r"$a

!n 'tat e!r&#ean Cea ,a$ ,are #arte a ter$t&r$!!$ T!r"$e$ 'e )%'e/te -n A'$a <9= Stat! t!r"

are )ran$?e "! 'tate a(ate -n "&n($"t 'a! "are '!nt "!n&'"!te +re#t 'tate "! #&ten?$a "&n($"t!a*

#re"!, S$r$a* Ira; /$ Iran

Pe +e at% #arte* I'tan!! e'te !n &ra/ "are 'e a(% -n E!r&#a Un "entr! e"&n&,$" /$

"!t!ra a T!r"$e$* !n &ra/ "are a#ar?$ne tre"!t!!$ "&,!n e!r&#ean* "$ar +a"% '! !n at n!,e

<C&n'tant$n&#&= Un #&+ -ntre A'$a /$ E!r&#a* I'tan!! /$ T!r"$a ar #!tea "&ntr$!$ arena/terea rea?$$&r E!r&#e$ "! re)$!n$ "! !n #&ten?$a e"&n&,$" -n "re/tere* #re"!, ?%r$e +$n

A'$a Centra% /$ Ca!"az

O at% "e't$!ne e'te re#rezentat% +e #r&e,ee #e "are e -nt7,#$n% +e,&"ra?$a -n

T!r"$a S"ena #&$t$"% a T!r"$e$ e'te ,art&ra !ne$ "&n(r!nt%r$ -ntre $'a,$/t$$ a(a?$ a #!tere /$

ar,at% Dre#t!r$e &,!!$ '!nt +e' -n"%"ate -n T!r"$a e"$ +e F!rna$/t$ '!nt -n"ar"era?$

2



A"!za?$$e +e t&rt!r%* -n"%"area $ert%?$$ +e e#r$,are* &#r$,area ,$n&r$t%?$&r /$ a (e,e$&r '!nt

a &r+$nea z$e$ -n a"e't 'tat Un$!nea E!r&#ean% ar $,#&rta #ra"t$" a"e'te #r&e,e Iar &#$n$a

#!$"% e!r&#ean% e'te* -n )enera* -,#&tr$a a+er%r$$ T!r"$e$ C! t&ate a"e'tea* a+erarea ?%r$$ a

UE ar #!tea re#rezenta !n $,&+ #entr! rez&area a"e't&r !"r!r$ De,&"ra?$a $,at!r% a T!r"$e$

ar #!tea ($ /$ ea aF!tat% '% e&!eze

D$n #!n"t +e e+ere e"&n&,$"* T!r"$a e'te ,a$ $ne #re)%t$t% +e"7t ate 'tate "are a!

a+erat re"ent a UE PIB3! #er "a#$ta a T!r"$e$ e'te +e 10555 US <H&r+ Ban;* 2014=* '!

,e+$a e!r&#ean%* +ar #e'te "e a R&,7n$e$ <8469US= 'a! B!)ar$e$ <595 US= T&t!/$*

+$'tr$!?$a en$t!r$&r e'te $ne)a%* T!r"$a a7n+ & #arte $,#&rtant% a #&#!a?$e$ "are tr%$e/te a

$,$ta '%r%"$e$ Per'#e"t$a !n!$ a +e $,$)ran?$ n! e'te (&arte atr%)%t&are #entr! e!r&#en$ DeFa

,a''3,e+$a e!r&#ean% e'te '!#ra'at!rat% +e #r&e,ee "a!zate +e a! +e $,$)ran?$ +e +!#%

a+erarea R&,7n$e$ /$ B!)ar$e$În'% a+erarea T!r"$e$ ar a+!"e 9. +e ,$$&ane +e n&$ "&n'!,at&r$ #entr! #$a?a !n$"%

e!r&#ean% Cre/terea e"&n&,$"% a T!r"$e$ e'te #e'te ,e+$a +$n re)$!ne /$ #e'te "ea e!r&#ean%

Cr$za e"&n&,$"% )&a% a a(e"tat 'tat! t!r" ,a$ #!?$n +e"7t '3a -nt7,#at -n "az! 'tate&r

e!r&#ene Pe aza a"e't&r #re,$'e* T!r"$a ar #!tea +een$ !n e"t&r +e "re/tere #entr! e"&n&,$a

Un$!n$$ E!r&#ene

A+erarea T!r"$e$ are /$ & at!r% "!t!ra%* $'t&r$"% /$ "$ar re$)$&a'% @&/ten$rea "!t!ra%

a T!r"$e$ are #rea #!?$ne tan)en?e "! "ea a e!r&#en$&r Ca & na?$!ne ,aF&r$tar ,!'!,an%*T!r"$a -,#%rt%/e/te #rea #!?$ne !"r!r$ "! E!r&#a "&n'tr!$t% #e (!n+a,ente "re/t$ne I't&r$"*

T!r"$a a (&'t #r$$t% ,ere! +e "%tre e!r&#en$ "a !n $na+at&r 'tr%$n "&nt$nent!!$

Pe +e at% #arte* a+erarea T!r"$e$* "a 'tat ,aF&r$tar ,!'!,an* ar aea e"&!r$ #!tern$"e -n

!,ea $'a,$"% @&+e! +e '!""e' a !n!$ 'tat ,!'!,an +e,&"rat$" ar #!tea a't(e ($ "&#$at /$

+e "%tre ate 'tate $'a,$"e A+erarea a UE ar #!tea* +e a'e,enea* +e'"$+e "aea '#re rez&area

e"$&r #r&e,e #r$$n+ "e't$!nea ;!r+%* Ar,en$a /$ C$#r!

3



CAPITOLUL 1ISTORIA INTEGRĂRII EUROPENE A TURCIEI

T!r"$a a "er!t '% +e$n% ,e,r! a'&"$at a Un$!nea E!r&#ean% – #e at!n"$ C&,!n$tatea

E"&n&,$"% E!r&#ean% 3 -n"% +$n an! 1. Cererea a +!' a 'e,narea !n!$ a"&r+ +e a'&"$ere -n

156* #r$n "are T!r"$a /$ CEE !r,a!* -n #r$n"$#$!* '% "reeze )ra+!a & !n$!ne a,a% #7n% -n

1. Un$!nea a,a% era %z!t% "a !n #r$, #a' "%tre $nte)rarea "&,#et% a T!r"$e$ -n CEE* a &

+at% ne'#e"$($"at% CEE a a"&r+at !n$atera T!r"$e$ tar$(e #re(eren?$ae /$ a'$'ten?% ($nan"$ar%* +ar

#r&"e'! re+!"er$&r ,!t!ae eta#$zate +e ar$ere tar$(ae /$ n&n3tar$(ae a (&'t a,7nat +$n "a!za

"&n+$?$$&r e"&n&,$"e /$ #&$t$"e +$n T!r"$a <&e;,an* T&)an* 200.= D!#% & at$t!+$ne #&$t$"%

&'t$% E!r&#e$ -n an$$ 150 /$ 190* T!r"$a '3a re&r$entat "%tre & #&$t$"% (a&ra$% $nte)r%r$$ -nUE -n an$$ 180 T!r"$a a "er!t -n ,&+ &($"$a a+erarea a UE -n an! 189 R%'#!n! +$n an!

10 #re"$za "% ne)&"$er$e +e a+erare n! #&t -n"e#e a a"ea +at%* +e&are"e UE era an)aFat% -ntr3

& 'er$e +e '"$,%r$ $nterne* $ar "e't$!nea '3a "&,#$"at !ter$&r +!#% een$,entee +$n E!r&#a

+e E't /$ Un$!nea S&$et$"% C! t&ate a"e'tea* UE era #re)%t$t% '% et$n+% rea?$$e e"&n&,$"e

(%r% a re'#$n)e -n ,&+ e#$"$t #&'$$$tatea a+er%r$$ T!r"$e$ a & +at% $$t&are Pan!r$e #entr!

!n$!nea a,a% re+eenea! +e a"t!a$tate

Pe 5 ,art$e 1. '3a aF!n' a !n a"&r+* a & -nt7n$re a Br!ee'* #entr! "rearea !ne$!n$!n$ a,ae -ntre T!r"$a /$ UE* -n"e#7n+ "! +ata +e 1 $an!ar$e 15* a"&r+ "e !r,a '% ($e

"&,#etat #7n% -n 2001 Ca !r,are* T!r"$a a ren!n?at a $,$tarea $,#&rt!r$&r +e !n!r$

$n+!'tr$ae +$n UE /$ a tar$(ee a,ae a#$"ate a"e't&ra L$era$zarea tar$(e&r '3a #r&+!' "! &

'$n)!r% e"e#?$e: a)r$"!t!ra T!r"$a a a+&#tat #&$t$"$e e!r&#ene #r$$n+ "&n"!ren?a* re)!$e

e!r&#ene #r$$n+ #r&teFarea #r&#r$et%?$$ $ntee"t!ae /$ $n+!'tr$ae /$ a $n$?$at !n #r&"e' a,#! +e

ar,&n$zare a 'tan+ar+e&r ten$"e #entr! #r&+!'ee $n+!'tr$ae /$ #entr! -,!n%t%?$rea

,e"an$',e&r +e '!#rae)ere a #$e?e&r +e "a#$ta

Între 10311 +e"e,r$e 1 a a!t &" & -ntr!n$re a C&n'$!!$ E!r&#ean a e'$n;$* "are

a #r&+!' & '"$,are ,aF&r% -n rea?$$e T!r"$a3UE La e'$n;$* T!r"$a a (&'t re"!n&'"!t% -n

,&+ &($"$a +re#t 'tat "an+$+at a a+erare* #e #$"$&r +e e)a$tate "! "eeate 'tate "an+$+ate

Rez!tat! a (&'t "rearea Partener$at!!$ #entr! A+erare a UE C! t&atea a"e'tea* '#re +e&'e$re

+e "eeate 'tate "an+$+ate* T!r"$a n! a &?$n!t !n "aen+ar #re"$' +e a+erare D!#% a#r&area

4



Partener$at!!$ #entr! A+erare +e "%tre C&n'$$! /$ a+&#tarea Re)!a,ent!!$ <CE= 602001 +$n

25 (er!ar$e 2001* )!ern! t!r" a an!n?at a 1 ,art$e 2001 #r&#r$! #r&)ra, na?$&na #entr!

a+&#tarea a">!$'3!!$ "&,!n$tar

La '(7r/$t! an!!$ 2004* a (&'t #!'% & at% #$atr% a te,e$a a+er%r$$ e!r&#ene a T!r"$e$*

+!#% re"&,an+%r$e C&,$'$e$ E!r&#ene "a C&n'$$! E!r&#ean '% +e,areze ne)&"$er$e (&r,ae

"! T!r"$a /$ 'ta$$rea !n!$ "aen+ar +e a+erare În +e"e,r$e 2002* C&n'$$! E!r&#ean -ntr!n$t

a C&#ena)a aF!n)ea a "&n"!z$a "% J+a"% C&n'$$! E!r&#ean +$n +e"e,r$e 2004* #e aza

!n!$ ra#&rt /$ a !ne$ re"&,an+%r$ +$n #artea C&,$'$e$* +e"$+e "% T!r"$a -n+e#$ne/te "rt$ter$$e

#&$t$"e +e a C&#ena)a* Un$!nea E!r&#ean% a +e'"$+e ne)&"$r$e +e a+erare "! T!r"$a (%r%

-nt7rz$ereK <C&n'$$! Un$!n$$ E!r&#ene* +&"!,ent nr 1.1902=

A't(e* +!#% & a/te#tare +e 41 +e an$* a -ntr!n$rea C&n'$$!!$ +$n 1. +e"e,r$e 2004 'e

&t%ra -n"e#erea ne)&"$er$&r N$"$!n at 'tat* #e +ea'!#ra /$ ,e,r! a NATO* n! a a/te#tat at7t+e ,!t a r7n+ a Br!ee' C&n+$?$$e '!nt -n'% (&arte +!re* $ar ne)&"$er$e (&arte !n)$ /$

+$($"$e #&t ($ '!'#en+ate a "ea ,a$ ,$"% aatere +e a "er$n?ee UE T!r"$a tre!$e '% (a"%

e(&rt!r$ 'er$&a'e #entr! a -n+e#$n$ "er$n?ee +e a+erare a Un$!nea E!r&#ean%* $n"!z7n+

a+&#tarea a 80 +e ,$$ +e #a)$n$ +e e)$'a?$e e!r&#ean% C&,$'$a E!r&#ean% ,&n$t&r$zeaz%

-n+ea#r&a#e #r&"e'! +e a+erare a T!r"$e$

În n&$e,r$e 2009* C&,$'$a E!r&#ean% a #rezentat C&n'$$!!$ E!r&#ean !n ra#&rt

#r$$n+ ne)&"$er$e +e a+erare a T!r"$e$ Ra#&rt! a (&'t #!$"at -n 2008* $ar $n(&r,a?$$e"&n?$n!te +e a"e'ta reea! (a#t! "% T!r"$a a (%"!t #r&)re'e ,aF&re -n e+erea a+er%r$$

În &"t&,r$e 2016* era +e'"$' "a#$t&! 22 +e ne)&"$ere* +!#% & -nt7rz$ere +e "7tea !n$

De/$ a"e't !"r! a (&'t %z!t "a !n n&! #a' $,#&rtant -n rea?$$e UE3T!r"$a* +&!% "a#$t&e "e$e*

26 /$ 24* r%,7n -n"$'e #7n% a't%z$ Ne)&"$erea a"e't&r "a#$t&e* "are 'e re(er% a a&r$e +e az%

ae Un$!n$$* +re#t!r$e /$ $ert%?$e (!n+a,entae* r%,7ne &"at% -n "a+r! C&n'$$!!$* -n

#r$n"$#a +$n "a!za &#&z$?$e$ C$#r!!$

Re"entee -n"%"%r$ ae $ert%?$$ +e e#re'$e +$n T!r"$a* "are* #r$ntre atee* a &"at &

#er$&a+% a""e'! a re?ea!a T$tter* a! r$+$"at +$n n&! n!,er&a'e -ntre%r$ -n #r$$n?a +e,&"ra?$e$

t!r"e @$n$'tr! !e,!r)ez +e eterne* Mean A''e&rn* a +e"arat #entr! !n z$ar )er,an "%:

#!r /$ '$,#!* n! #!te, a""e#ta (a#t! "% e$'t% +$(eren?e ,aF&re -ntre a&r$e +e az% ae UE /$

T!r"$e$K <De!t'"e Hee* 2014=.

5



CAPITOLUL 2TURCIA I ADERAREA LA UE 3 PUNCTE ORTE I OBSTACOLE

Can+$+at!ra T!r"$e$ a a+erarea a Un$!nea E!r&#ean% a '!'"$tat n!,er&a'e +ezater$ -n

?%r$e &"$+entae Pr$ntre ?%r$e "are '3a! &#!' a+er%r$$ T!r"$e$ '3a! n!,%rat ran?a* Ger,an$a /$

A!'tr$a* +$n +$er'e ,&t$e În "&nt$n!are &, tre"e -n re$'t% & 'er$e +e ar)!,ente "are a! (&'t

e$"!ate +e3a !n)! t$,#!!$ -n (a&area a+er%r$$ T!r"$e$ /$* re'#e"t$* -,#&tr$a a+er%r$$

a"e'te$a

r&nt$eree &r$entae ae E!r&#e$ '!nt ar$trare Str7,t&area B&'(&r are & +e'"$+ere +e

+&ar 0*9 #7n% a 1*2 ;$&,etr$ A)&,erea !ran% I'tan! 'e -nt$n+e #e a,ee ,a!r$ ae

'tr7,t&r$$ T&t!/$* n!,a$ 6 +$n ter$t&r$! T!r"$e$ 'e )%'e/te -n E!r&#a* "eea "e n! #er,$te "aa"e't 'tat '% ($e "&n'$+erat e!r&#ean

E'te +e't! +e +$($"$ +e 'ta$$t "e an!,e re#rez$nt% & "!t!r% e!r&#ean% Pe +e at% #arte*

e$tee T!r"$e$ '!nt $,#re)nate +e "!t!ra &""$+enta% I,#er$! Ot&,an a "&n't$t!$t !n ee,#!

+e '$,$&z% -ntre "!t!ra &""$+enta% /$ "ea &r$enta% Per an'a,! -n'% 'e #&ate '#!ne "% "!t!ra

T!r"$e$ n! e'te e!r&#ean%* "$ 'e,$3&r$enta%* ,a$ ae' -n "eea "e #r$e/te &$"e$!r$e /$ re$)$a

T!r"$$ "&n'$+er% "% I,#er$! Ot&,an e'te "&nt$n!at&r! I,#er$!!$ B$zant$n* +!#%

"!"er$rea C&n'tant$n&#&!!$ +$n 14.6 I,#er$! Ot&,an a (%"!t #arte* -n"e#7n+ "! '(7r/$t!

'e"&!!$ a QVI3ea* +$n +$er'e a$an?e e!r&#ene Pe +e at% #arte* I,#er$! Ot&,an '3a

"&n(r!ntat ,$$tar "! +$(er$te #!ter$ e!r&#ene* #7n% a Tratat! +e a La!'anne* +$n 126

T!r"$a e'te ,e,r% a ,a$ ,!t&r a$an?e e!r&#ene /$ e!r&atant$"e :

- ,e,r! (&n+at&r a Or)an$za?$e$ E!r&#ene #entr! C&&#erare E"&n&,$"% +$n 148

<+een$t% !ter$&r Or)an$za?$a #entr! C&&#erare /$ Dez&tare E"&n&,$"%=3 ,e,r! a C&n'$$!!$ E!r&#e$ +$n 1.13 ,e,r! a NATO +$n 196 3 ,e,r! a C&n(er$n?e$ #entr! 'e"!r$tate /$ "&&#erare -n E!r&#a* +een$t% OSCE

A#r&a#e t&ate &r)an$za?$$e e!r&#ene a! /$ ?%r$ ,e,re "are n! '!nt e!r&#ene: SUA /$Cana+a -n NATO I OSCE* re#!$"$ +$n A'$a Centra% -n OSCE $ar OCDE n! ,a$ e'te &

&r)an$za?$e e"!'$ e!r&#ean%* "$ !na ,&n+$a%

T!r"$a* ($$n+ !n 'tat a$" ,!'!,an* $nte)rarea 'a e!r&#ean% a "&n't$t!$ !n !n ee,#!

#entr! 'tatee $'a,$"e +$n Or$ent! @$F&"$! În E!r&#a e$'t% +eFa & ,$n&r$tate +e a#r&$,at$

6



6*. ,$$&ane +e t!r"$ Re'#$n)erea a+er%r$$ T!r"$e$ a "&ntr$!$ a a""ent!area $'a,$',!!$

ra+$"a -n a"ea't% ?ar% Pe +e at% #arte* +e/$ T!r"$a 'e a!t&#r&"a,% !n 'tat a$"* n! e$'t% &

'e#ara?$e er$ta$% -ntre re$)$e /$ 'tat -n a"ea't% ?ar% Re$)$a +&,$nant% e'te $'a,! < +$n

#&#!a?$e=* "eea "e r$+$"% #r&e,a "a E!r&#a '%3/$ #$ar+% "ara"ter! '%! +e J"!

"re/t$nK I'a,! n! (a"e +$'t$n"?$a -ntre '(era #r$at% /$ "ea #!$"%* $ar C&ran! e'te* #entr! &r$"e

,!'!,an* !n$"a '!r'% +e +re#t De a'e,enea* +re#t!r$e ,$n&r$t%?$&r re$)$&a'e '!nt #rea #!?$n

re'#e"tate

Pra"t$"$e +e,&"rat$"e /$ 'tat! +e +re#t &r ($ -nt%r$te* -n "az! a+er%r$$ a UE În "az

"&ntrar* r$'"! !ne$ +e'ta$$z%r$ a (ra)$e$ +e,&"ra?$$ +$n T!r"$a /$ a a""e'!!$ a #!tere a !n!$

re)$, $'a,$" ra+$"a 'a! a !ne$ +$"tat!r$ ,$$tare '!nt +e't! +e r$+$"ate Re)$,! #&$t$" a

T!r"$e$ n! e'te "&n'$+erat "a ($$n+ +e,&"rat$" -n t&ta$tate* +$n !r,%t&aree ,&t$e:

3 $nteren?$a ar,ate$ -n #&$t$"%3 re#r$,area ,$/"%r$&r 'e#arat$/t$&r ;!rz$3 $,$tarea $ert%?$$ +e e#r$,are3 "&r!#?$a

T!r"$a $,#e,enteaz% +e "7?$a an$ !n #r&)ra, +e re(&r,e* "are a+!"e a,$nte +e

#r&)ra,! !$ e,a Atatr;* "e "are a $,#!' & &""$+enta$zare (&r?at% -n T!r"$a Per'#e"t$a

a+er%r$$ e!r&#ene a a""ent!a r$t,! re(&r,e&r Înt7rz$erea T!r"$e$ -n a"ea't% #r$$n?% a (a"e "e

,a$ #r&a$ "a a+erarea 'a '% n! #&at% aea &" ,a$ +ere,e +e an! 2020

E"&n&,$a T!r"$e$ '3a -nt%r$t )ra?$e 't$,!%r$$ #r$,$te +e ,ar/! ?%r$$ "%tre E!r&#a @a$,!t +e F!,%tate +$n "&,er?! T!r"$e$ e'te rea$zat "! UE < H&r+ Ban;* 2014= P&n+erea

'e"t&r!!$ #!$" /$ #!terea ar,ate$ a! (&'t +$,$n!ate T&t!/$* $n(a?$a /$ +eze"$$ree !)etare

r%,7n r$+$"ate C&r!#?$a e'te +e't! +e #rezent%* $ar ar,ata "&ntr&eaz% & #arte a e"&n&,$e$ Pe

+e at% #arte* e$'ten?a !n!$ a"&r+ +e $er3'"$, "! UE a ,%r$t $ntere'! #entr! $nte)rarea

T!r"$e$ -n r7n+!r$e ar,ate$

I,#&rtan?a )e&'trate)$"% /$ ,$$tar% a T!r"$e$ n! #&t ($ '!e't$,ate C&ntr&!

'tr7,t&r$&r* r&! +e $+er a Or)an$za?$e$ C&&#er%r$$ E"&n&,$"e a @%r$$ Ne)re* z&n% +e tranz$t a

#etr&!!$ /$ )az!!$ +$n A'$a Centra%* $n(!en?a a'!#ra 'tate&r t!r"&(&ne +$n A'$a Centra%*

#r&$,$tatea )e&)ra($"% /$ "!t!ra% "! Or$entr! @$F&"$! re#rez$nt% t&ate at!!r$ -n (a&area

$nte)r%r$$ e!r&#ene a T!r"$e$ Un$!nea E!r&#ean% ar #!tea* )ra?$e $n(!en?e$ T!r"$e$* '% "7/t$)e !n

r& ,a$ $,#&rtant -n Or$ent! @$F&"$!

C! t&ate a"e'tea* +e a +e'tr%,area URSS "&ntr&! a'!#ra 'tr7,t&r$&r n! ,a$ e'te at7t

7



+e $,#&rtant Ve"$n%tatea "! Or$ent! @$F&"$! a +een$t #er$"!&a'% În #!'* T!r"$a )e't$&neaz%

& 'er$e +e "&n($"te -n)e?ate "! t&?$ e"$n$$ '%$:

3 Gre"$a: +e$,$tarea #at&!!$ "&nt$nenta a @%r$$ E)ee3 B!)ar$a: ,$n&r$t%?$e t!r"&(&ne

3 Ge&r)$a: '!+! Ge&r)$e$ a (&'t "e+at T!r"$e$ +e "%tre r!/$ #r$n trata! +e a ar't +$n 1213 Ar,en$a: ne)area )en&"$+!!$ ar,ean /$ '!'?$nerea +e "%tre T!r"$a a Azera$+Fan!!$

t!r"&(&n* a(at -n "&n($"t "! Ar,en$a -n #r$$n?a Na)&rn&3araa – -ntre "ee +&!% ?%r$

n! e$'t% rea?$$ +$#&,at$"e* -n #&($+a !n!$ #r&t&"& 'e,nat -n 200* #entr! n&r,a$zarea

rea?$$&r +$ntre 'tate3 S$r$a: anearea +e "%tre T!r"$a -n 16 a SanFa;!!$ Aean+retta* nere"!n&'"!t% +e S$r$a*

"&n($"t! #r$$n+ #artaFarea E!(rat!!$* '!'?$nerea a"&r+at% +e T!r"$a &#&zan?$&r

re)$,!!$ '$r$an3 Ira;: ar)a a!t&n&,$e a"&r+at% ;!rz$&r $ra;$en$* !"r! "are -ntre?$ne reen+$"%r$e ;!r+e

a'!#ra !n&r ter$t&r$$ +$n T!r"$a3 C$#r!: '!'?$nerea Re#!$"$$ T!r"e a C$#r!!$ +e N&r+* nere"!n&'"!t% +e "&,!n$tatea

$nterna?$&na% /$ re(!z! re"!n&a/ter$$ Re#!$"$$ C$#r!* ,e,r% a UE* &"!#a?$a ,$$tar%

-n n&r+! $n'!e$

@aF&r$tatea a"e't&r ten'$!n$ a! (&'t aten!ate* +ar -n (&n+ n$"$!na n! a (&'t rez&at% /$

e$'t% r$'"! "a ee '% ($e $,#&rtate -n "a+r! Un$!n$$* +!#% $ntrarea T!r"$e$ -n UE

Inte)rarea e!r&#ean% a T!r"$e$ e'te & "e't$!ne "are +!reaz% +e #rea ,!t t$,#:

3 a"&r+! +e a'&"$ere 'e,nat -n 1563 !n$!nea a,a% +$n 153 a""e#tarea "an+$+at!r$$ +e C&n'$$$e e!r&#ene +$n L!e,&!r) 19* e'$n;$ 1*

C&#ena)a 2002 /$ Br!ee' 2004

A "&nt$n!a -n a"e't (e r$'"% '% #r&&a"e & rea"?$e +e re'#$n)ere a E!r&#e$ +e "%tre T!r"$a

Un$!nea E!r&#ean% n! 'e #&ate et$n+e -n'% a ne'(7r/$t* ren!n?7n+ a +ez&tarea a"t!a!!$

"a+r! -n (a&area !n!$ (e+era$', %r)$t* +e a az$n! ,e+$teranean #7n% a Ca!"az

CAPITOLUL 6

PERSPECTIVELE ADERĂRII TURCIEI LA UE

J Pe termen lung, cred că Turcia va sfârşi precum Norvegia. Vom fi la standardele europene,

foarte aproape aliniaţi, dar nu ca ţară membrăK

E)e,en Ba)$'* ,$n$'tr! t!r" #entr! a(a"er$ e!r&#ene* 2016



Ne)&"$er$e +e a+erare a T!r"$e$ a UE 'ta)neaz% +e ze"e an$ S#re "&,#ara?$e* Cr&a?$a*

"are a &?$n!t 'tat!t! +e ?ar% "an+$+at% t&t -n 2004* a a+erat a Un$!nea E!r&#ean% a +ata +e 1

$!$e 2016 În a"e't "a#$t&* &, -n"er"a '% e#$"%, +e "e '3a -nt7,#at a"e't !"r!

Caz! T!r"$e$ e'te #ara+&a: -n re,e "e UE -n"ear"% '% $,#!n% a"e'te$ ?%r$ n&r,ee 'ae

e)$'at$e /$ e"&n&,$"e* #er'#e"t$a "ar% a $nte)r%r$$ e!r&#ene $#'e/te "! +e'%7r/$re D$'"!r'!

#re+&,$nant a e$te&r e!r&#ene e'te "e a #artener$at!!$ #r$$e)$atK* (a#t "e -nt%re/te

e!r&'"e#t$"$',! /$ #art$+a na?$&na$'t% -n T!r"$a C&n+$?$&narea (%r% $nte)rare n! a #er,$te

Un$!n$$ E!r&#ene '% tran'(&r,e T!r"$a -ntr3& ?ar% e!r&#ean%K* "$ a r$+$"a !n z$+ +e

ne-n?ee)ere ,!t!a% -ntre UE /$ e"$n! '%! N! 'e #&ate a($r,a "%* -n "az! T!r"$e$* "&n+$?$$e

$,#!'e +e UE &r +!"e a a"ea/$ )en +e tran'(&,%r$ #re"!, -n ?%r$e +$n (&'t! &" e't$" În

#!'* +$n"&& +e +e"ara?$$e +e $nten?$e* "a$r /$ !nee ?%r$ e!r&#ene %+ #re'$!n$e UE +re#t

$nteren?$$ 'tr%$ne -n a(a"er$e &r $nterne "e ,a$ re"ent ee,#! -n a"e't 'en' ($$n+ Un)ar$aD$ntre &#&zan?$$ a+er%r$$ T!r"$e$* ran?a a (&'t -nt&t+ea!na & &"e ee,ent% -n a"e't

'en'* -n re,e "e Ger,an$a a "r$t$"at +e'e&r$ -n"%"%r$e +e,&"ra?$e$ -n T!r"$a A!'tr$a a a($r,at

"$ar "% a &r)an$za !n re(eren+!,* #entr! a +e"$+e +a"% a '!'?$ne 'a! n! a+erarea T!r"$e$

T!r"$a 'e e+e "a !n #&+ -ntre e't /$ e't* +ar -n !t$,a #er$&a+% !nee (&r?e #&$t$"e +$n

a"ea't% ?ar% a! -n"e#!t '% 'e -n+&$a'"% +e (a#t! "% $$t&r! T!r"$e$ e'te -n E!r&#a În 200.* "7n+

a! -n"e#!t ne)&"$er$e +e a+erare – a 4. +e an$ +!#% "ererea &($"$a% a T!r"$e$ – '#r$F$n! #&#!ar

#entr! UE era !n+ea a 98 S&n+aFee re"ente $n+$"% (a#t! "% a"e'ta a '"%z!t #e a 44G!ern! t!r" #are '% ($e &t%r7t t&t!/$ '% -n"e$e ne)&"$er$e +e a+erare "! '!""e'* "$ar

+a"% -n +e"!r'! a"e't&r ze"e an$ ez$tan?$ -n"re+erea "et%?en$&r t!r"$ -n E!r&#a a '"%z!t +ra,at$"

În'% a"ea't% ?ar% n! 'e ,!?!,e/te "! 'tat!t! +e "an+$+at eternK

Re#r$,area $&ent% a ,an$(e'ta?$$&r +$n P$a?a Ta;'$, +$n $!n$e 2016 a +e"an/at !n a

+e "r$t$"$ e!r&#ene a a+re'a T!r"$e$ Can"ear! )er,an* An)ea @er;e* a (&'t "e ,a$ a"t$

"r$t$" a )!ern!!$ t!r" -n a"ea't% "e't$!ne În "&n'e"$n?%* a $n$?$at$a Ger,an$e$* +e'"$+erea

"a#$t&!!$ +e ne)&"$ere 22* #r&)ra,at% #entr! !na $!n$e* a (&'t a,7nat% #entr! !na &"t&,r$e

2016 O($"$a* a"ea'ta a (&'t #entr! a3$ ar%ta #re,$er!!$ t!r" Re"e# Ta$# Er+&an

+eza#r&area ?%r$&r ,e,re

Ce't$!nea $+ent$t%?$$ e!r&#ene n! a (&'t re&+at% "ar +e($n$t% Dar* +e/$ Un$!nea

E!r&#ean% e'te (&r,at% +$n ?%r$ "! "!t!r$ +$(er$te* $+eea !ne$ "!t!r$ "re/t$ne #r&#r$e ?%r$&r

e!r&#ene e'te #rezent% -n '#$r$t! UE Or)an$za?$e e"&n&,$"% /$ #&$t$"%* Un$!nea E!r&#ean% n!

9



are &"a?$a +e a 'e #re&"!#a +e "e't$!n$ re$)$&a'e /$ "!t!rae C! t&ate a"e'tea* ,!te ?%r$

e!r&#ene #%r'treaz% rezere -n #r$$n?a a+er%r$$ T!r"$e$ #e ,&t$! "% a"ea'ta e'te & ?ar% ,aF&r$tar

,!'!,an%

În 200* #re/e+$ntee ran?e$* N$"&a' Sar;&z* a +e"arat a N$,e' "% JT!r"$a n! are

&"a?$a +e a +een$ ,e,r% a Un$!n$$ E!r&#eneK* a+!"7n+ +re#t ar)!,ent $n"&,#at$$$t%?$

"!t!rae O#&zant (er&"e a a+er%r$$ T!r"$e$* Sar;&z a !t$$zat +re#t! +e et& (ran"ez -n #r$$n?a

a "$n"$ "a#$t&e +e a+erare P&z$?$a ran?e$ '3a '"$,at -n'% +!#% '&'$rea !$ ranW&$' &an+e

a "&n+!"erea ?%r$$ A"e'ta a +e&"at ne)&"$er$e +e a+erare a T!r"$e$ -n (er!ar$e 2016*

ren!n?7n+ a et&3! -n #r$$n?a "a#$t&!!$ 22 A"e't !"r! -n'ea,n% "% T!r"$a e'te #r$$t% +e

ran?a a (e "a "eaate ?%r$ "an+$+ate* (%r% "&n'$+erente "!t!rae

D$n an! 194* T!r"$a ,en?$ne & &"!#a?$e ,$$tar% -n n&r+! Re#!$"$$ C$#r!* "are e'te

-,#%r?$t% -n +&!% ent$t%?$ Xara e'te ,e,r% a Un$!n$$ E!r&#ene +$n 2004* +ar T!r"$a n! are"!n&'"!t n$"$ #7n% a't%z$ '!eran$tatea ?%r$$ D$n a"e't ,&t$* C$#r! a &"at -n 2005 &#t

"a#$t&e +e ne)&"$ere Rez&area "&n($"t!!$ "$#r$&t "&n+$?$&neaz% a+erarea T!r"$e$ a Un$!nea

E!r&#ean%

În'%* -n a"ea't% #r$$n?%* T!r"$a n! a (%"!t re!n #r&)re' În a +&$ea 'e,e'tr! a an!!$

2012* "7n+ C$#r! a #re!at #re/e+$n?$a r&tat$% a C&n'$$!!$ E!r&#ean* T!r"$a a -n)e?at rea?$$e

'ae "! C&n'$$!* re(!z7n+ #art$"$#area a t&ate re!n$!n$e #rez$+ate +e "$#r$&?$ C&,$'$a

E!r&#ean% a "r$t$"at a"ea't% +e"$z$e a T!r"$e$* "er7n+ "a a"ea'ta '% re'#e"te #re/e+$n?$aC&n'$$!!$* "&n(&r, #ree+er$&r $n't$t!?$&nae ae UE În #r$n?a C$#r!!$* ten'$!n$e n! a!

/an'e (&arte ,ar$ '% ($e a#anate* ,a$ ae' +!#% +e'"&#er$rea !n&r z%"%,$nte +e )aze nat!rae -n

a#ee ter$t&r$ae "$#r$&te <SerFan$an* 2012=

A+erarea R&,7n$e$ /$ B!)ar$e$ -n 2009 a n%'"!t ate "&ntr&er'e Cee +&!% ?%r$* ,a$

'%ra"e /$ ,a$ (ra)$e +e"7t T!r"$a* '!nt ,%"$nate +e "&r!#?$e /$ +e "r$,a &r)an$zat% De

a'e,enea* e$'t% n!,er&a'e +!$$ -n #r$$n?a )ra+!!$ +e +e,&"rat$zare a a"e't&r ?%r$ Tre$ an$

,a$ +ere,e* ate ze"e ?%r$ $ntra'er% -n Un$!ne <E't&n$a* Let&n$a* L$t!an$a P&&n$a* Re#!$"a

Ce%* S&a"$a* Un)ar$a* S&en$a* C$#r! /$ @ata=* "are era!* +e a'e,enea* ne#re)%t$te +$n #!n"t

+e e+ere #&$t$"

A"e't !"r! a +eter,$nat Un$!nea '% ana$zeze atent "&n'e"$n?ee e"&n&,$"e*

$n't$t!?$&nae /$ 'trate)$"e ae %r)$r$$ 'ae 28 +e 'tate #&t (a"e #arte +$ntr3& !n$!ne ,ar"at% +e

$ntere'e +$(er$te /$ & +$er'$tate +e '$t!a?$$ e"&n&,$"e* '&"$ae /$ #&$t$"e Dezaterea a +e'"$'

1!



"aea "%tre !n "&n"e#t a !ne$ E!r&#e J"! ,a$ ,!te $tezeK* #entr! +e'e,narea )ra+e&r +$(er$te

+e +ez&tare /$ e&!?$e a ?%r$&r ,e,re I+eea e'te tran'#!'% -n #ra"t$"% #r$n a"?$!n$e "&,!ne*

?$n7n+!3'e "&nt +e $ntere'ee na?$&nae ae 'tate&r ,e,re UE

E"&! a"e't&r een$,ente a (&'t $+eea* +$n "e -n "e ,a$ #re)nant% -n ?%r$e tra+$?$&na #r&3

e!r&#ene* "% n! e'te #&'$$% a'&"$erea -ntre +ez&tarea $ntern% a UE /$ et$n+erea 'a

E!r&'"e#t$"$',! a "7/t$)at teren -n !t$,a #er$&a+% -n $nter$&r! Un$!n$$ Pre&"!#area #r$n"$#a%

a 'tate&r ,e,re #are '% ($e re)area #r&e,e&r $nterne /$ n! !area -n "&n'$+erare a a+er%r$$

+e n&$ ,e,r$ În "az! T!r"$e$* &"$e e#er?$&r '#!n "% #r&"e'! +e $nte)rare ar #!tea '% ,a$

+!reze -ntre "$n"$ /$ ze"e an$

CONCLUII

Inte)rarea e!r&#ean% a T!r"$e$ -nt7,#$n% 'er$&a'e +$($"!t%?$ @!te ?%r$ ,e,re ae UE

a! & at$t!+$ne ne)at$% -n #r$$n?a a+er%r$$ T!r"$e$ Pr$n"$#a$$ &#&zan?$ a$ a+er%r$$ '!nt C$#r!*

A!'tr$a* Ger,an$a /$ ran?a De'e&r$* a"e'te ?%r$ a! a"!zat T!r"$a "% n! -n+e#$ne/te 'tan+ar+ee

UE L$+er$$ e!r&#en$ '!nt #e +e#$n "&n/t$en?$ +e (a#t! "% ,aF&r$tatea "et%?en$&r e!r&#en$ 'e

&#!ne a+er%r$$ T!r"$e$ P&tr$$t !n!$ '&n+aF #ane!r&#ean +$n 2010* -n Ger,an$a /$ A!'tr$a 91

11



+$ntre "et%?en$ 'e &#!nea! et$n+er$$ UE 55 +$ntre (ran"ez$ /$ 54 +$ntre ($nan+ez$* a r7n+!

&r* n! era! +e a"&r+ "! et$n+erea Un$!n$$ <Er&ar&,eter* 2010* # 222=

În $$t&r! a#r&#$at n! ne #!te, a/te#ta a & '"$,are a at$t!+$n$$ Ger,an$e$ 'a! A!'tr$e$

(a?% +e $nte)rarea e!r&#ean% a T!r"$e$ Ce't$!nea a+er%r$$ T!r"$e$ a "&nt$n!a '% ($e (&&'$t% +e

#&$t$"en$$ a"e't&r ?%r$ -n "a,#an$e ee"t&rae $nterne

Ne #!te, a/te#ta "a ne)&"$er$e UE3T!r"$a '% 'ta)neze Rez&area #r&e,e&r "!

C$#r!* Ar,en$a* "e't$!nea ;!r+% n! 'e a rea$za -n #er$&a+a !r,%t&are De a'e,enea*

#r&e,ee T!r"$e$ #r$$t&are a $ertatea +e e#re'$e /$ +re#t!r$e &,!!$ "&nt$n!% '% ($e $z&are

+e ne-n?ee)er$ -ntre T!r"$a /$ Un$!nea E!r&#ean%

C! t&ate a"e'tea* )!ern! t!r" "&nt$n!% '% '!'?$n% "% a+erarea a UE e'te & #r$&r$tate a 'aÎn'% a"e't !"r! n! e'te e$+en?$at +e a'en?a #r&)re'e&r #entr! rez&area #r&e,e$ "$#r$&te

'a!* +e a'e,enea* +e (a#t! "% !"r%r$e #entr! & n&!% "&n't$t!?$e t!r"%* !na "are '% $ntr&+!"% ,a$

,!te $ert%?$ +e,&"rat$"e* -n "&n(&r,$tate "! "r$ter$$e UE* -nt7rz$e ne#er,$' +e ,!t A"e't

!"r! 'e +at&reaz% -n'% -n ,are ,%'!r% -n+e#%rt%r$$ #er'#e"t$e$ +e a+erare a T!r"$e$ -n #er$&a+a

$,e+$at !r,%t&are G!ern! t!r" #are '% ($ a+&#tat #&$t$"a #a/$&r ,%r!n?$* -n "eea "e #r$e/e

r$t,! re(&r,e&r #&$t$"e

A+erarea T!r"$e$ a UE +e#$n+e +e #&z$?$a 'tate&r "e$e* Ger,an$a /$ ran?a Da"%

a"e'tea &r "&n'$+era $nte)rarea a"e'te$ ?%r$ +re#t & #r$&r$tate* T!r"$a a a+era a !n ,&,ent +at

a UE At(e* r$'"! "a ?ara '% n! +e$n% n$"$&+at% ,e,r% a Un$!n$$ e'te +e't! +e r$+$"at

BIBLIOGRAIE

1 Aegean Sea ontinental S!elf ase, "reece vs. Tur#e$ Y&n$neZ D$'#&n$$ a: """.#$%-$#%.&'() $"F$"a'e't,* <C!rtea Interna?$&na% +e M!'t$?$e= YA""e'at a 10 ,a$ 2014Z

2 AFa,$* * 2016 Tur#e$ %et&een Atatur# and 'rdogan Y&n$neZ D$'#&n$$ a:*++,))""".*&&/'.&'(),0#$+#&)/##(-#/)'+#$/)15!116 YA""e'at a . ,a$ 2014Z

12

http://www.icj-cij.org/


http://www.hoover.org/publications/defining-ideas/article/150116


http://www.hoover.org/publications/defining-ideas/article/150116



6 Ba;er* L* 2014 'rdogan victor$ puts ic$ Tur#e$(') relations in deep free*e Y&n$neZ D$'#&n$$ a:*++,))""".'/0+/'.$&8)'+#$/)2!14)!3)31)0-/0-+0'/:-#USBREA2U13F2!14!331 YA""e'at a . ,a$2014Z

4 Baran* * 2010 Torn ountr$ + Tur#e$ bet&een Secularism and -slamism &&er In't$t!t$&n Pre'':Stan(&r+* Ca$(&rn$a

. C&n'$$! Un$!n$$ E!r&#ene* +&"!,ent nr 1.1902 D$'#&n$$ a:*++,))""".$&##08./0'&,./0)0/D&$)$8;D+)&$),'/D+)/)/$)7342., YA""e'at a 12 ,a$2014Z

5 De('* A* 2014 Tur#e$ )nfit to oin '), Sa$s /er#el 'urope Parliament andidate Y&n$neZ D$'#&n$$a: *++,))""".&&8/'(.$&8)/")2!14-!4-1!)+0'/:-0#+-+&-%&#-/0-:-8/'/-/0'&,/-,'#8/+-$#+/.*+8 YA""e'at a 6 ,a$ 2014Z

9 De!t'"e Hee* 2014 Stop Tur#e$0s ') accession, sa$ "erman parties Y&n$neZ D$'#&n$$ a:*++,))"""."./)+&,-+0'/:-/0-$$/#&-:-(/'8-,'+#/)-1753534 YA""e'at a 12 ,a$ 2014Z

8 D&,e* D* S#$e)e* P* 2014 ') officials raise concerns on Tur#e$1s strict ne& internet la& Y&n$neZD$'#&n$$ a: *++,))""".+.$&8)$8))!)6/72//-42-11/3-9$!-!!144/7/.*+8<=>>3!8U?@!5, YA""e'at a . ,a$ 2014Z

'rdogan critici*es "erman$, 2rance for bloc#ing Tur#e$0s ') bid Y&n$neZ D$'#&n$$ a:*++,))/0'&#&(0/.&'()E'&(-$'#+#$#>/-G/'8:-F'$/-&'-&$#(-T0'/:-EU-# YA""e'at a 6 ,a$2014Z

10 ') presses Tur#is! P/ 'rdogan over democratic reforms Y&n$neZ D$'#&n$$ a:

*++,))""".$.$&8)/")"&'-/0'&,/-2524512 YA""e'at a . ,a$ 2014Z11 E!r&ar&,eter* 2010 Public 3pinion in t!e 'uropean )nion Y&n$neZ D$'#&n$$ a:

*++,))/$./0'&,./0),0#$;&,##&)'$*#/)/)/73)/73;&1;/., YA""e'at a 12 ,a$ 2014Z12 &e;,an* B* T&)an* S* 200. Tur#e$ + 'conomic 4eform and t!e Accession to t!e 'uropean )nion H&r+

Ban; an+ te Centre (&r E"&n&,$" P&$" Re'ear": Ha'$n)t&n16 Ma$)!* C*2014 5es 2ran6ais r7fractaires au processus d0ad!7sion de la Tur8uie 9 l0)' Y&n$neZ D$'#&n$$

a: *++,))"""./#('&.')#+/'+#&)2!14)!1)26)!1!!3-2!14!126ARTFIG!!163-/-'$#-'/'$+#'/-0-,'&$/0--*/#&-/--+0'0#/---0/.,*, YA""e'at a 6 ,a$ 2014Z

14 eat$n)* D* 2014 ') condemns Tur#e$0s T&itter ban Y&n$neZ D$'#&n$$ a:*++,))"""./0'&,/&#$/.$&8)'+#$/)2!14)8'$*)/0-$&/8-+0'/:--+"#++/'-)!177.,= YA""e'ata . ,a$ 2014Z

1. 5a Tur8uie et l0)nion europ7enne + :; ans de n7gociations Y&n$neZ D$'#&n$$ a:*++,))""".+&0+//0'&,/./0)/-,&#+#0/-/0'&,///)/'(#/8/+):+*//)-+0'0#/-/+-0#&-

/0'&,///-5!--/-/(&$#+#&.*+8 YA""e'at a 4 ,a$ 2014Z15 Le @&n+e* 200 Sar#o*$ lance la campagne pour les europ<enes Y&n$neZ D$'#&n$$ a :*++,))"""./8&/.')//$+#&-/0'&,///)'+#$/)2!!9)!5)!5)'&>:-$/--$8,(/-,&0'-/-/0'&,///;119357;116667.*+8 YA""e'at a 12 ,a$ 2014Z

19 P$er$n$* @* 2014 -s Tur#e$ on a ollision ourse =it! t!e ')>. Y&n$neZ D$'#&n$$ a: *++,))$'/(#//0'&,/./0)+'+/(#$/0'&,/)54352 YA""e'at a . ,a$ 2014Z

18 Sa&n* * 2014 5e long c!emin de l0ad!7sion tur8ue 9 l0)nion europ7enne Y&n$neZ D$'#&n$$ a :*++,))"""./8&/.')#+/'+#&)'+#$/)2!14)!1)29)/-&(-$*/8#-/--*/#&-+0'0/---0#&-/0'&,///;4355569;321!.*+8 YA""e'at a . ,a$ 2014Z

1 SerFan$an* M* 2012 !$pre + gisements ga*iers sources de rivalit7 Y&n$neZ D$'#&n$$ a :*++,))(/&,&#.'$/+#&.')$*:,'/-(#/8/+-(>#/'-&0'$/-/-'##+/-2772 YA""e'at a 12 ,a$ 2012Z

20 S#$$!'* A* 2014 Tur#e$ 0&ill probabl$ never be ') member0 Y&n$neZ D$'#&n$$ a:*++,))""".+//(',*.$&.0)/")"&'/")/0'&,/)+0'/:)1!32521)T0'/:-"#-,'&:-//'-/-EU-

8/8/'.*+8 YA""e'at a . ,a$ 2014Z21 H&r+ an;* 2014 "?P per capita Y&n$neZ D$'#&n$$ a:*++,))+."&'.&'()##$+&')N?.GDP.PCAP.CD)$&0+'#/ YA""e'at a 6 ,a$ 2014Z

13

http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/31/us-eu-turkey-idUSBREA2U13F20140331

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/ec/73842.pdf

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-10/turkey-unfit-to-join-eu-says-merkel-europe-parliament-candidate.html



http://www.dw.de/stop-turkeys-eu-accession-say-german-parties/a-17535834

http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d86e72ee-8f42-11e3-9cb0-00144feab7de.html#axzz30mUYW05p



http://eurodialogue.org/Erdogan-criticizes-Germany-France-for-blocking-Turkey-EU-bid

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-25824512

http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb73/eb73_vol1_en.pdf


http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2014/01/26/01003-20140126ARTFIG00163-les-francais-refractaires-au-processus-d-adhesion-de-la-turquie-a-l-ue.php




http://www.europeanvoice.com/article/2014/march/eu-condemns-turkey-s-twitter-ban/80177.aspx


http://www.touteleurope.eu/les-politiques-europeennes/elargissement/synthese/la-turquie-et-lunion-europeenne-50-ans-de-negociations.html



http://www.lemonde.fr/elections-europeennes/article/2009/05/05/sarkozy-lance-la-campagne-pour-les-europeennes_1189357_1168667.html


http://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/?fa=54352


http://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2014/01/29/le-long-chemin-de-l-adhesion-turque-a-l-union-europeenne_4355569_3210.html


http://geopolis.francetvinfo.fr/chypre-gisements-gaziers-sources-de-rivalite-2772


http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/10325218/Turkey-will-probably-never-be-EU-member.html


http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD/countries


http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/31/us-eu-turkey-idUSBREA2U13F20140331

http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/ec/73842.pdf



http://www.dw.de/stop-turkeys-eu-accession-say-german-parties/a-17535834



http://eurodialogue.org/Erdogan-criticizes-Germany-France-for-blocking-Turkey-EU-bid

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-25824512
















turcia – stat candidat la integrarea în ue: provocări şi perspective

Documents