Present Simple Tense: Forme

Present Simple Tense: Forme Afirmativ :Subiect + Verbul la infinitiv

Exceptie : La pers a III sg verbul se termina mereu in s sau es :

The boy wants a toy car for Christmas. Baiatul vrea o masina de jucarie

pentru Craciun.

Atentie: 1. Verbele care se termina in -y la pers a III sg, y se transforma in -ies:

I cry She cries.

I play He plays.

2. Verbele care se termina in o, -ss, -x, -sh, -ch primesc la pers a III sg - es

My mother usually goes to the market in the morning. Mama se duce de obicei in piata dimineata.

Negativ :

Subiect+ do not/ does not + verb

- She does not sing in the school chorus. Ea nu canta in corul scolii.

Interogativ :

do not/ does not + Subiect + verb

Does she want to participate in the competition? - Vrea ea sa participle in competitie?

Present Simple Tense se foloseste pentru a exprima :

Adevaruri general valabile :

The earth has 2 emispheres - Pamantul are 2 emisfere.

Actiuni repetitive:

She takes piano lessons each day at 5 oclock. Ea ia lectii de pian in fiecare zi la ora 5.

Actiuni de moment, terminate in momentul in care sunt savarsite :

Mark gets out of bed, goes to the bathroom and washes his teeth. Mark se da jos din pat, se duce la baie si se spala pe dinti.

Actiuni obisnuite :

My grandfather and Iusually look at the starts when the sky is clear. Bunicul meu si cu mine, noi ne uitam de obicei la stele cand e senin.

Actiuni planificate in viitor, obligatorii (cu verbe de miscare) :

The year ends with the 31st of December. Anul se termina cu 31 decembrie.

Present Continuous Tense: Forme

(Afirmativ :

Subiect + Prezentul verbului to be +vb+ ing :

-She is cutting the cake in slices. (Ea taie prajitura felii.)

(Negativ :

Subiect + Prezentul vb to be + not + verb + ing :

- She is not talking at the moment, she is eating. (In acest moment ea nu vorbeste, mananca.)

(Interogativ :

Prezentul vb To be + Subiect + verb + ing :

-Is she smiling ? (Ea zambeste ?)

Prezentul continuu se foloseste pentru a exprima :

actiune care se intampla in momentul vorbirii

Ex. The wind is blowing.- Vantul sufla.

It is raining outside. - Ploua afara.

actiune care se extinde pe o perioada putin mai lunga de timp Ex. Julia is reading a novel by Dickens. - Iulia citeste un roman de Dickens.

actiune temporara, limitata Ex. I live in Cluj but this year I am living in Bucuresti. Traiesc in Cluj dar in acest an locuiesc in Bucuresti.

planuri imediate pentru viitorul apropiat

Ex. The children are going camping today. Copiii merg cu cortul astazi.

actiune frecvent repetata, suparatoare se foloseste deseori cu adverbele always, forever, constantly

Ex. Ann is always making plans without taking into consideration all the facts. Ann isi face mereu planuri fara sa ia in considerare toate aspectele.

in propozitii subordonate Ex They will go jogging while the babies are sleeping. Ei vor face jogging cat timp copii dorm.

Present Perfect Tense: Forme(Afirmativ :

Subiectul + HAVE la prezent + past participle al verbului de conjugat

-We are not going on holiday since the prices have rise. Noi nu mai mergem in vacant deoarece preturile au crescut.

(Negativ :

Subiectul + have/has not + past participle al verbului de conjugat

-I havent seen her this morning, she is probably sleeping. Nu am vazut-o de dimineata, probabil doarme.

(Interogativ :

Auxiliarul HAVE la prezent + Subiectul + past participle al verbului de conjugat

-Havent you eaten too much chocolate already? Nu ai mancat deja destula ciocolata?

Present Perfect Tense se foloseste pentru a exprima :

o actiune care incepe in trecut, continua in trecut si se termina in prezent sau foarte aproape de prezent.

Tell me, what have you done? Spune-mi, ce ai facut?

o actiune care s-a terminat recent al carei rezultat este vizibil si in prezent We have just finished redecorating our house. Tocmai am terminat de redecorat casa noastra.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense: Forme

(Afirmativ :

Sub+ prezentul perfect al verbului to be (have/has been)+ participul prezent al verbului de conjugat (baza + ing)

- They have been reading a lot of book lately. Ei au citit o multime de carti in ultima vreme.

(Negativ :

Subiectul + prezentul perfect al verbului to be (have/has been)+ NOT + participul prezent al verbului de conjugat

-They havent been watching TV this afternoon. Ei nu s-au uitat la tv in acesta dupa-amiaza.

(Interogativ :

Prezentul perfect al verbului to be + Subiectul + participul prezent al verbului de conjugat

-What have you been doing ? I have been working on a new project. Ce ai mai facut? Am lucrat la un nou proiect.

Present Perfect Continuous se foloseste pentru a exprima :

o actiune care incepe in trecut, ajunge in prezent si are sanse de a continua in viitor.

It has been snowing for 4 hours. Ninge de 4 ore.

o actiune recenta ar carei rezultat poate fi vazut Why is you hair wet? Because I have been swimming. De ce ai parul ud? Pentru ca am inotat.

Simple Past Tense : Forme

(Afirmativ :

S + verbul la forma a II a de pe lista verbelor iregulate

-We went to the zoo yesterday. Am fost la zoo ieri.

S + verb + ed pentru cele regulate

-I phoned her. I-am dat telefon.

(Negativ :

S + aux DO la trecut (did) + not + verbul la infinitiv

-We did not finish the project in due time. Noi nu am terminat proiectul la timp.

(Interogativ :

Did + S + verbul la infinitiv

-Did you eat all the chocolate? Ai mancat toata ciocolata?

Trecutul simplu (Simple Past Tense) se foloseste pentru a exprima :

A. Actiuni terminate in trecut la un timp stabilit

Cand locul si timpul unde se petrece actiunea ne sunt date

Marta called me in the morning from the hospital. Marta m-a sunat dimineata de la spital.

Cand se intreaba timpul When did you go to the Opera? Cand ai fost la Opera?

Cand timpul e definit ca rezultat al unei intrebari

When did they find her? They found her 2 hours ago. Cand au gasit-o? Ei au gasit-o acum 2 ore.

B. Actiuni care s-au intamplat imediat una dupa alta in trecut

They went into the house, brought food from the fridge and set the table in the yard. Ei s-au dus in casa, au adus mancare din frigider si au pus masa in curte.

C. Obiceiuri in trecut care acum sunt terminate

I used to go to ballet 5 years ago. Obisnuiam sa ma duc la cursuri de balet acum 5 ani.

Past Perfect Tense : Forme

(Afirmativ :

S + Past tense al verbului To HAVE + participiu trecut

Atentie: La verbele regulate participiul trecut = verb + ed iar la cele neregulate este forma a 3a de pe lista verbelor iregulate.

-At last she showed me the dress she had bought. Intr-un sfarsit, mi-a aratat rochia pe care si-o cumparase.

(Negativ :

S + Past tense al verbului To HAVE + Not + participiu trecut

-They hadnt gone to Mt. Omu, they had gone to another peak. Ei nu au mers pe varful Omu, au mers pe alt varf.

(Interogativ :

Past tense al verbului To HAVE + S + participiu trecut

Hadnt he loved you? Nu te iubea?

Past Perfect Tense se foloseste pentru a exprima :

O actiune care a avut loc inaintea altei actiuni in trecut. By 12 o clock the cleaning lady had aired all the rooms in the hotel. Pana la ora 12 camerista aerisise toate camerele din hotel.

Cauza unui efect trecut Why did the window break? Because he had thrown a stone at it. De ce s-a spart geamul? Pentru ca el a aruncat o piatra in el.

Past Continuous Tense : Forme

(Afirmativ :

S + verbul To BE la past tense + verbul de conjugat + ING

-I was reading the lesson when the teacher came in. Citeam lectia cand a intrat profesoara.

(Negativ :

S + verbul To BE la past tense la forma negativa + verbul de conjugat + ING

-They werent looking for Susan; they were looking for her sister. Ei nu o cautau pe Susan, ei o cautau pe sora ei.

(Interogativ :

Verbul To BE la past tense + S + verbul de conjugat + ING

-Was he driving too fast when he had the accident? Conducea el prea repede cand a avut accidentul?

Trecutul simplu (Past Continuous Tense) se foloseste pentru a exprima :

actiune care se afla in desfasurare la un moment dat in trecut.

While wou were having a bath, the phone rang. In timp ce faceai baie a sunat telefonul.

actiune care continua de ceva vreme

Yesterday I was jogging in the park. Ieri, faceam jogging in park.

actiune care are loc in acelasi timp cu o alta actiune in trecut

While I was reviewing the article my husband was watching his favourite tv show. In timp ce eu revizuiam articolul sotul meu urmarea show-ul tv favorit.

un echivalent in trecut al prezentului continuu They told us they were spending the night at Select. Ei ne-au spus ca o sa-si petreaca noaptea la Select.Past Perfect Continuous Tense : Forme

(Afirmativ :

S+ had been + participiu prezent (Participiu prezent = verb + ing) -I have been thinking of writing you a mail when you called me. Eu ma gandisem sa iti scriu un mail cand tu m-ai sunat.

(Negativ :

S + had + Not + been + present participle

- I hadnt been waiting long in a queue when I heard a voice calling my name. Nu stateam de mult la rand, cand au auzit o voce strigandu-mi numele.

(Interogativ:

Had + S + been + present participle

-They hadnt been doing their tasks so they didnt get a bonus. Ei nu si-au indeplinit din taskuri deci nu au primit un bonus.

Past Perfect Continuous se foloseste pentru a exprima :

O actiune in desfasurare la un moment dat in trecut, durata fiind precizata.

They had been working for over an hour until the bus came. Ei vorbisera timp de o ora pana a venit autobuzul.Arata efectul unei actiuni intamplate in trecut.

Marc was tired because he had been working for a project all night long Marc era obosit pentru ca a lucrat pentru un proiect toata noaptea.

Simple Future Tense: Forme

(Afirmativ :

S + will + verbul la infinitiv

-You will feel better if you take this pill. - Tu o sa te simti mult mai bine daca iei acesta pastila.

(Negativ :

S + will not (wont) + verbul la infinitiv

-I wont tell where she is. Nu iti voi spune unde este ea.

Interogativ:

Will + S + verbul la infinitiv

-Will you love me in 10 years? O sa ma iubesti si peste 10 ani?

Future simple se foloseste pentru a exprima :

Promisiuni, amenintari, cereri, sperante I will never tell you anything. Nu o sa iti mai spun niciodata nimic.

Actiuni care vor avea loc in viitor si peste care nu putem avea control

Next year Easter will be on 15 of April.

Decizii luate pe moment, spontane I will buy this car, I love it. Voi cumpara acesta masina, imi place.

Previziuni despre viitor I believe she will be a great politician one day. Cred ca va fi un bun politician intr-o zi.

Going To Future

Se foloseste pentru a exprima :

Planuri, intentii pentru viitor

I am going to travel to Spain one day. Intentionez sa vizitez Spania intr-o zi.

Predictii bazate pe ceea ce stim sau ce vedem

Look at the sky. It is going to rain soon. Uita-te la cer, va ploua in curand.

Actiuni la care ne-am hotarat deja sa le facem in viitorul apropiat

We are going to visit our relatives in the weekend. Noi vom merge sa ne vizitam rudele in acest weekend.

Future Perfect Tense: Forme

Afirmativ :

S + will have + past participle al verbului de conjugat past participle = forma a III a verbului

Tomorrow at 9 they will have left for Sibiu. Maine la ora 9 ei vor fi plecat spre Sibiu.

Negativ :

S + will not have + past participle al verbului de conjugat

When you phone Julie I will not have arrived at the station. Cand o suni pe Julie eu nu voi fi ajuns in statie.

Future perfect se foloseste pentru a exprima :

O actiune vazuta din viitor dar care se intampla in trecut

They will have had dinner by the time their friend arrives. Ei vor fi luat cina pana vor ajunge prietenii lor.

Future Continuous Tense: Forme

Afirmativ :

S + Will be + present participle

The Health Organisation will be opening a new hospital in this city. Organizatia de sanatate va deschide un nou spital in acest oras.

Negativ :

S + will not (wont) + present participle

The train wont be arriving any time soon; there was an accident on the road. Trenul nu va ajunge prea curand, a avut loc un accident pe drum.

Interogativ:

Will + S + be + present participle

Will you be shouting at me if I tell you the truth? Vei tipa daca iti voi spune adevarul?

Future Continuous Tense se foloseste pentru a exprima :

Actiuni care se vor desfasura intr-un anumit punct din viitor

By this time tomorrow I will be sailing on the Mediteranean Sea.

Actiuni care vor avea loc in viitor ca urmare a unei actiuni de rutina sau unui aranjament

Do not interrupt her now. She will be signing a contract. Nu o intrerupe acum. E pe cale de a semna un contract.

Future Perfect Continuous Tense: Forme

Afirmativ :

S + will have been + present participle al verbului de conjugat present participle = verbul + ing

While Michael will have been writing his exercices, Maria will have been playing the violin. Cat timp Mihai isi va fi scris exercitiile, Maria va fi cantat la vioara.

Negativ :

S + will not have been + present participle al verbului de conjugat

You will not have been working here by this summer. Tu nu vei fi lucrat aici pana in aceasta vara.

Future Perfect Continuous se foloseste pentru a exprima :

O actiune in desfasurare la un moment dat in viitor, durata actiunii find precizata.

Tomorrow at 7 I will have been sleeping for 10 hours. Maine la ora 7 voi fi dormit de 10 ore.

Future-in-the-Past Tense: Forme

Afirmativ :

S + would + infinitivul verbului de conjugat

She told me I would be in trouble Ea mi-a spus ca voi intra in bucluc.

Negativ :

S + would not + infinitivul verbului de conjugat

We never thought they would not win. Noi nu ne-am gandit niciodata ca ei nu vor castiga.

Future-in-the-past se foloseste pentru a exprima :

o actiune posterioara unei actiuni din trecut.

They knew the boss would not call them back to work. Ei stiau ca seful nu ii va chema inapoi la munca.