tehnicile moderne - biochimiero.files.wordpress.com · biochimia structura moleculelor functia...
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Evolutia organismelor
Studiul metabolismului
Modificari biologice
Modificarea starii
de sanatate
Tehnicile moderne
Vizeaza
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Elemente esențiale vietii
H, O, N, C – 99% (masa celulara)
Elementele (urme)– esentiale functii proteine (enzime)
Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry-D.L.Nelson, C. Lehninger
–W.H.Freeman-2004
Hemoglobina - 0,3% Fe
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Biochimia Chimia vietii
?
sinteza
degradare
mecanisme
Structura
ch, 3D
interactiune
energetica
Informatia
genetica
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Biochimia
Structura moleculelor
Functia moleculelor
Interactiunea dintre
molecule
Structuri ordonate
Nivele de organizare dintr-un organism
Pratt-Essential Biochemistry-2014
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Biochimia
Organismele – trăsături comune (biochimice)
Jacques Monod (1954) – ”Ceea ce este valabil pentru bacterii trebuie
să fie valabil și pentru un elefant”
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Relatia biochimie-medicina
M. Laberge-Biochemistry-Chelsea House, NY, 2008
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Filozofia antica
Cele patru elemente si proprietati
propuse de Aristotel
https://www.learner.org/courses/chemistry/visuals/visual
s.html?dis=U&num=Ym5WdElUQS9NaW89
Biochimie
Aminoacizi
Zaharuri
Lipide
Nucleotide
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Energia
Tipuri de energie
cinetica termica
https://www.blendspace.com/
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Metaboliții centrali
Căi catabolice și anabolice
https://www.nature.com/scitable/
citozol (f. apoasă a celulei) 100-200 molecule
(M = 100-500 u.a)
metaboliți centrali
MoleculeAminoacizii
Nucleotidele
zaharurile (der. fosforilați)
Acizi carboxilici
Yu., L. Et al., 2017, Oncotarget 8(70)
DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.22404
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Principiul I al termodinamicii
Trasformarea
energiei potentialeFotosinteza
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Legaturile chimice
Covalente Orientare precisa
NH3
C2H4
Legătura
covalentă
Energia
(Kcal/Mol)
Legătura
covalentă
Energia
(Kcal/Mol)
C≡C 213 C−O 86
C=O 174 C−C 83
C=C 146 C−Cl 81
C−F 103 S−H 81
O−H 111 C−N 73
C−H 99 C−S 62
N−H 93 O−O 35
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Energia oxidativă
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Grupari functionale
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Grupari functionale
https://www.visionlearning.com/en/
library/Biology/2/Lipids/207
slideplayer.com
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Grupari functionale
http://www.differencebetween.net/
science/health/
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Dipol momentul
Electronegativitatea
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Distributia electronica in legatura peptidica
http://plantcellbiology.masters.grkraj.org
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Legaturile de hidrogen
Legaturi necovalente stabilizeaza biomoleculele
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Legaturile de hidrogen
H2O(l)
proteina
Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry
W.H.Freeman-2004
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Legaturile de hidrogen
Głowacki, E. et al., J. Mat. Chem., 1 (31), 3719, 2013.
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Legaturi ionice Interactiuni van der Waals
raza
covalenta
raza
van der Waals
Legaturi necovalente
http://www.u-helmich.de/
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Interactiuni hidrofobe
www.nature.com
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Interactii hidrofobe
Legaturi necovalente
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Magnitudinea interactiunilor
https://www.brainkart.com/article/
worldofbiochemistry.blogspot.com
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Interacțiuni care apar in proteine
https://www.fastbleep.com/biology-notes/
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Interacțiuni care apar in proteine
Aminoacizi hidrofobi (negru) implicati
in procesul de impachetarea proteinelor
K. Ahern, I. Rajagopolan & T. Tan
Biochemistry Free For All, version 1.0 (pdf), 2016
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Complementaritatea biomoleculelor
Proteina A Proteina B
Complex stabil
Proteina A Proteina B
Complex instabil
Specificitatea interactiunilor
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Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr.
2011 Sep 1; 67(Pt 9): 813–821.
Resturi implicate in legaturi de
hidrogen (verde)
gr. ureido (biotina)-resturi avidina
KD = 10-15 M
Complementaritatea biomoleculelor
Specificitatea interactiunilor
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J.D. Fernstrom et al. , Mechanism of sweetness, The
Journal of nutrition, May, 2012,1S-8S.
http://slideplayer.com/slide/6856383/
KD = 210 x 10-6 M
REBA-receptor
Complementaritatea biomoleculelor
Specificitatea interactiunilor
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Ionizarea gruparilor/pH-ul
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pH-ul in sistemele biologiceu
https://www.phreshproducts.com/learn/charts/
http://altered-states.net/barry/update178/
Dezechilibrele de pH:
•dereglări hormonale
•deficiențe ale sistemului imunitar
•probleme structurale (oase)
•digestie/eliminare incetinită
•supraproducție microorganisme
•apariția tumorilor.
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pH-ul în sistemele biologice
pH-ul in diferite compartimente subcelulare
Joseph R. Casey, Sergio Grinstein & John Orlowski
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 11, 50-61(2010)
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pH-ul in sistemele biologice
pH-ul sangeluiEsential of Medical Biochemistry
with clinical casesN.V.Bhagavan, Chu-Eun Ha
pH < 6,8 formarea H2CO3
pH > 7,8 disocierea H2CO3
deces
Sistemele tampon sanguine:
– Bicarbonat • Plasmatic
• Eritrocitar
– Non-bicarbonat • Hemoglobina şi
oxihemoglobina
• proteinele plasmatice
• fosfatul organic şi
• fosfatul anorganic
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pH-ul în sistemele biologice
Esential of Medical Biochemistry
with clinical casesN.V.Bhagavan, Chu-Eun Ha
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Echilibru chimic
ADN
ARN
Acizi nucleici
pKa
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Directia unei reactiii
Energia libera
Essential Cell Biology (2004 Garland Science)
Ener. rezultata
Sinteza macromolecule
metaboliti
Deplasarea celulei
Transportul moleculelor
Energie electrica
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Procese celulare → redox
http://www.tutorvista.com/
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Energia de activare si viteza de reactie
Reducerea Ea Cresterea ratei de reactie
http://ib.bioninja.com.au/