ORA!UL – COMUNITATE ECOLOGIC"

“!COALA DE LA CHICAGO”

MORALA

•  MORÁL!, morale, s. f. 1. Ansamblul normelor de convie"uire, de comportare a oamenilor unii fa"# de al"ii $i fa"# de colectivitate $i a c#ror înc#lcare nu este sanc"ionat# de lege, ci de opinia public#; etic#.

University of Chicago

University of Chicago •  The University of Chicago (U of C, UC, U

Chicago, or simply Chicago) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It was founded by the American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller and incorporated in 1890. William Rainey Harper became the university's first president, in 1891, and the first classes were held in 1892.

Prima facultate de sociologie din SUA ,

•  !COALA SOCIOLOGIC" DE LA CHICAGO

•  Influenta 1892 – pân$ dup$ sfâr#itul celui de-al II R$zboi mondial

•  Constituit$ din 3 genera%ii de profesori #i studen%i

!COALA DE LA CHICAGO

I genera%ie: ALBION SMALL, WILLIAM THOMAS +

JOHN DEWEY, GEORGE HERBERTH MEAD, THORSTEN VEBLEN

1895 sub redac%ia lui ALBION SMALL apare: American Journal of Sociology

William Isaac Thomas •  (13 August 1863 – 5 December 1947) was an

American sociologist. He is noted for his innovative work on the sociology of migration on which he co-operated with Florian Znaniecki,

•  and for his formulation of what became known as the Thomas theorem, a fundamental principle of sociology: "If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences"

The Polish Peasant in Europe and America 1918-1920

•  Florian Witold Znaniecki (January 15, 1882 – March 23, 1958)

•  Împreun$ cu WILLIAM THOMAS •  considered the foundation of modern empirical

sociology and humanistic sociology. •  Znaniecki came to Chicago in the United States in

1914 and returned to the Second Polish Republic in 1920 to accept the first Polish chair in sociology at the University in Pozna&. There he organized the Polish Sociological Institute ( Polski Instytut Socjologii) and began publishing The Polish Sociological Review (Polski Przegl!d Socjologiczny)

John Dewey

•  (n. 20 noiembrie 1859 în Burlington, Vermont, SUA; d. 1 iunie 1952) a fost un filozof, psiholog #i pedagog american. Reprezentant de seam$ al pragamatismului american. Apar%ine grupului de psihologie func"ionalist# care a activat la !coala de la Chicago. Pozi%ia sa se deta#eaz$ ca instrumentalist$. A avut preocup$ri speciale pentru problemele educa%iei copilului.

GEORGE HERBERTH MEAD George Herbert Mead (1863–1931) was an

American philosopher, sociologist and psychologist, primarily affiliated with the University of Chicago, where he was one of several distinguished pragmatists. He is regarded as one of the founders of social psychology and the American sociological tradition in general.

•  1934. Mind, Self, and Society. Ed. by Charles W. Morris. University of Chicago Press. (Behaviorismul social)

Thorstein Bunde Veblen

•  born Torsten Bunde Veblen (July 30, 1857 – August 3, 1929), was an American economist and sociologist, and a leader of the institutional economics movement. Besides his technical work he was a popular and witty critic of capitalism, as shown by his best known book The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899).

The Theory of the Leisure Class •  The instincts of emulation and predation play

a major role. People, rich and poor alike, attempt to impress others and seek to gain advantage through what Veblen coined "conspicuous consumption" and the ability to engage in “conspicuous leisure.” In this work Veblen argued that consumption is used as a way to gain and signal status. Through "conspicuous consumption" often came "conspicuous waste," which Veblen detested. Veblen

Geneza ecologiei umane

•  A II-a genera%ie a !colii de la Chicago (anii 20 ai secolului XX):

•  ALBION SMALL, ROBERT EZRA PARK, ERNEST W. BURGESS, ELLSWORTH FARRIS, SCOTT BEDFORD

•  Lor li se al$tur$ doi studen%i eminen%i ROBER McKENZIE, LOUIS WIRTH

Ecologia uman$

•  A III –a genera%ie a !colii de la Chigago •  ROBER McKENZIE, LOUIS WIRTH, •  HERBERT BLUMER, EVERETT C.

HUGHES, WILLIAM OGBURN •  Ei fac echip$ cu seniorii ROBERT EZRA

PARK, ERNEST W. BURGESS

LOCAL COMMUNITY RESEARCH CENTER, 1923

•  LCRC •  Centrul de cercetare interdisciplinar la

Universitatea din Chicago •  Cooperare: Sociologie, politologie, antropologie,

economie politic$ •  Teme de cercetare: cartarea ariilor comunitare

locale, dezvoltarea urban$, criminalitate, delincven%a juvenil$, dezorganizarea familiilor, imigra%ia (premise #i consecin%e), persoane f$r$ ad$post, segregarea socio-spa%ial$, mobilitatea spa%ial$ #i social$ etc.

The City, 1925 •  Introduction by Morris Janowitz

I. The City: Suggestions for the Investigation of Human Behavior in the Urban Environment Robert E. Park II. The Growth of the City: An Introduction to a Research Project Ernest W. Burgess III. The Ecological Approach to the Study of the Human Community R. D. McKenzie IV. The Natural History of the Newspaper Robert E. Park V. Community Organization and Juvenile Delinquency Robert E. Park VI. Community Organization and the Romantic Temper Robert E. Park VII. Magic, Mentality, and City Life Robert E. Park VIII. Can Neighborhood Work Have a Scientific Basis? Ernest W. Burgess IX. The Mind of the Hobo: Reflections upon the Relation Between Mentality and Locomotion Robert E. Park X. A Bibliography of the Urban Community Louis Wirth Indexes

Biologism - evolutionism

•  human ecology was perhaps the most explicit example anywhere in sociology of an attempt to analyze patterns of social life with reference to

•  (a) natural or biological forces operating beyond the consciousness of human agents, and

•  (b) social organization as the product of unconscious evolution.

Trei axiome, apud Saunders Peter

•  Via%a social$ în ora#e este tipificat$ #i prin consecin%$ organizat# social. Datorit$ acestor calit$%i ora#ele pot fi considerate “sisteme urbane”

•  Ora#ele sunt parte a mediului creat (Giddens) mediu artificial, rezultat al interven%iei umane în lumea material$

•  Interven%ia aceasta este de durat#, durabil$ (timp). Orice interven%ie nou$ depinde de condi"iile create de genera"iile anterioare