scala de angajament in munca uwes

8/10/2019 Scala de Angajament in Munca UWES

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English version

Work & Well-being Survey (UWES) The following 17 statements are about how you feel at work. Please read each statementcarefully and decide if youever feel this way about your job. If you have never had this feeling, cross the ! "#ero$ inthe s%ace after the

statement. If you have had this feeling, indicate how often you feel it by crossing thenumber "from 1 to &$ that bestdescribes how fre'uently you feel that way.Almost never Rarely Sometimes Often Very often Always0 1 2 3 4 5 6ever A few times a On!e a month A few times a On!e a wee" A few times a Every #ayyear or less or less month wee"1$ %%%%%%%% At my wor"& ' feel ()rsting with energy* +(I1$2$ %%%%%%%% ' ,n# the wor" that ' #o f)ll of meaning an# -)r-ose ")*1$3$ %%%%%%%% .ime /ies when 'm wor"ing "+1$4$ %%%%%%%% At my o(& ' feel strong an# vigoro)s "(I-$*5$ %%%%%%%% ' am enth)siasti! a(o)t my o( +)*-$*6$ %%%%%%%% hen ' am wor"ing& ' forget everything else aro)n# me "+-$$ %%%%%%%% y o( ins-ires me ")*$*$ %%%%%%%% hen ' get )- in the morning& ' feel li"e going to wor" "(I$*$ %%%%%%%% ' feel ha--y when ' am wor"ing intensely "+7*10$ %%%%%%%% ' am -ro)# on the wor" that ' #o ")*/$*11$ %%%%%%%% ' am immerse# in my wor" "+/$*12$ %%%%%%%% ' !an !ontin)e wor"ing for very long -erio#s at a time "(I/$13$ %%%%%%%% .o me& my o( is !hallenging ")*0$14$ %%%%%%%% ' get !arrie# away when '8m wor"ing "+0$*15$ %%%%%%%% At my o(& ' am very resilient& mentally "(I0$16$ %%%%%%%% 't is #i9!)lt to #eta!h myself from my o( "+&$1$ %%%%%%%% At my wor" ' always -ersevere& even when things #o not go well "(I&$* Shortene# version +:ES;7< V'= vigor< >E = #e#i!ation< A? = a(sor-tion S!ha)feli @ ?a""er +20037$ .he :tre!ht or" Engagement S!ale is free for )se for non;!ommer!ial s!ienti,!

resear!h$ ommer!ialan#Bor non;s!ienti,! )se is -rohi(ite#& )nless -revio)s written -ermission is grante# (y the a)thors

:ES an)al< -age 50Cren!h versionEchelle dengagement au travail (UWES) ise# cha'ue sentiment 'ue vous 2%rouve# 3 l!2gard de votre travail etdites si vous 2%rouve# ce sentiment. 4i vous n!ave# jamais 2%rouv2 cesentiment, entoure# le chi5re ! "#ero$. 4i vous 2%rouve# ce sentiment,indi'ue# 'uelle en est la fr2'uence en entourant le chi5re entre 1! et &!'ui vous corres%ond le mieu6.Dres)e amais Rarement F)el)efois So)vent .rGs so)vent .o)o)rs0 1 2 3 4 5 6Hamais F)el)es fois -ar :ne fois -ar F)el)es fois :ne fois -ar F)el)esfois .o)s lesan o) moins mois o) moins -ar mois semaine -ar semaine o)rs1$ %%%%%%%% He #I(or#e #Inergie -o)r mon travail "(I1$2$ %%%%%%%% He tro)ve )e mon travail a )n sens et )ne )tilitI ")*1$3$ %%%%%%%% Je tem-s -asse K all)re folle lors)e e travaille "+1$4$ %%%%%%%% He me sens fort+e7 et vigo)re)L+se7 -o)r faire !e mItier "(I-$

5$ %%%%%%%% He s)is -assionnI+e7 -ar mon travail ")*-$6$ %%%%%%%% Jors)e e travaille& o)(lie to)t a)to)r #e moi "+-$


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$ %%%%%%%% Caire !e mItier est stim)lant ")*$$ %%%%%%%% Jors)e e me lGve le matin& ai envie #aller travailler "(I$$ %%%%%%%% He s)is !ontent+e7 lors)e e s)is !a-tivI+e7 -ar mon a!tivitI"+$10$ %%%%%%%% He s)is ,er+e7 #) travail )e e fais ")*/$

11$ %%%%%%%% He s)is !om-lGtement a(sor(I+e7 -ar mon travail "+/$12$ %%%%%%%% Harrive K travailler longtem-s sans marrMter "(I/$13$ %%%%%%%% Selon moi& mon travail est )n vIrita(le !hallenge ")*0$14$ %%%%%%%% He s)is littIralement -longI+e7 #ans mon travail "+0$15$ %%%%%%%% He ne me laisse -as a(attre #ans mon travail "(I0$16$ %%%%%%%% 'l mest trGs #i9!ile #e me #Ita!her #e mon travail "+&$1$ %%%%%%%% He -ersIvGre to)o)rs #ans mon travail& mMme )an# les!hoses ne vont -as (ien "(I&$* Version ra!!o)r!ie +:ES;7< V' = vig)e)r< >E = #Ivo)ement< A? =a(sor-tion S!ha)feli @ ?a""er +20037$ .he :tre!ht or" Engagement S!ale is freefor )se for non;!ommer!ial s!ienti,! resear!h$ ommer!ialan#Bor non;s!ienti,! )se is -rohi(ite#& )nless -revio)s written -ermissionis grante# (y the a)thors

UWESUTRECT W!R" E#$%$EE#T SC%'Ereliminary anualNVersion 1& ovem(er 2003ilmar S!ha)feli @ Arnol# ?a""er

O!!)-ational Pealth Dsy!hology :nit:tre!ht :niversityontentsDage1$ .he !on!e-t of wor" engagement QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$42$ >evelo-ment of the :ES QQQQ$$$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 63$ Vali#ity of the :ES QQ$$QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$$Q4$ Dsy!hometri! )ality of the >)t!h version

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$$ 114$1$ >es!ri-tion of the >)t!h lang)age#ata(aseQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$$ 114$2$ >istri()tion !hara!teristi!s of the itemsQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$134$3$ 'nternal !onsisten!yQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 144$4$ Ca!tor str)!t)re an# inter;!orrelationsQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$$ 154$5$ Relationshi-s with()rno)tQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 14$6$ Relationshi-s with age an#

gen#erQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$ 1


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4$$ >ieren!es (etween o!!)-ationalgro)-sQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$$14$$ Shortene#versionQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ214$$ St)#ent

versionQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ215$ Other lang)ageversionsQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$$$ 235$1$ >es!ri-tion of the international lang)age#ata(aseQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$$$$ 245$2$ >istri()tion !hara!teristi!s of theitemsQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$$$ QQQ$$ 265$3$ Relia(ilityQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$QQQ$$ 265$4$ Ca!tor str)!t)re an# inter;!orrelationsQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$ QQQ$$ 25$5$ Relationshi-s with age an#gen#erQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$$$QQQ$$ 305$6$ >ieren!es (etween!o)ntriesQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$ QQQ$$ 315$$ Shortene# versionQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$QQQ$ 326$ Dra!ti!al)seQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$$336$1$ om-letion an#

s!oringQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$$346$2$ >)t!hnormsQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$$$ 336$3$ Other lang)agenormsQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ 3$on!l)sionQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ$$$ 41Referen!esA--en#iL :ES versions:ES an)al< -age 3

reaceontrary to what its name s)ggests& O!!)-ational Pealth Dsy!hology hasalmost eL!l)sive (een !on!erne# withill;health an# unwell;(eing$ Cor instan!e& a sim-le !o)nt reveals that a(o)t5T of all arti!les that have (een-)(lishe# so far in the8ournal of 9ccu%ational :ealth Psychology #ealswith negative as-e!ts of wor"ershealth an# well;(eing & s)!h as !ar#iovas!)lar #isease& Re-etitive Strain'n)ry& an# ()rno)t$ 'n !ontrast& onlya(o)t 5T of the arti!les #eals with -ositive as-e!ts s)!h as o(

satisfa!tion an# motivation$ .his rather one;si#e#


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negative fo!)s is (y no means s-e!i,! for the ,el# of o!!)-ational health-sy!hology$ A!!or#ing to a re!entestimate& the amo)nt of -sy!hologi!al arti!les on negative stateso)tn)m(ers the amo)nt of -ositive arti!les (y1 to 11$

Powever& it seems that times have !hange#$ Sin!e the (eginning of this!ent)ry& more attention is -ai# to whathas (een !oine#%ositive %sychology the s!ienti,! st)#y of h)manstrength an# o-timal f)n!tioning$ .hisa--roa!h is !onsi#ere# to s)--lement the tra#itional fo!)s of -sy!hologyon -sy!ho-athology& #isease& illnessist)r(an!e& an# malf)n!tioning$ .he re!ent tren# to !on!entrate ono-timal f)n!tional also aro)se# attention inorganiUational -sy!hology& as is #emonstrate# (y a re!ent -lea for

%ositive organi#ational behavior< that is;the study of %ositively oriented human resource strengths and

%sychological ca%acities that can be measured,develo%ed, and e5ectively managed for %erformance im%rovement intoday!s work%lace! 2$?e!a)se of the emergen!e of -ositive +organiUational7 -sy!hology& it is nots)r-rising that -ositive as-e!ts ofhealth an# well;(eing are in!reasingly -o-)lar in O!!)-ational PealthDsy!hology$ One of these -ositive as-e!tsis wor" engagement& whi!h is !onsi#ere# to (e the anti-o#e of ()rno)t$hilst ()rne#;o)t wor"ers feeleLha)ste# an# !yni!al& their engage# !o)nter-arts feel vigoro)s an#

enth)siasti! a(o)t their wor"$ 'n !ontrast to-revio)s -ositive a--roa!hes s)!h as the h)manisti! -sy!hology whowere largely )nem-iri!al& the !)rrent-ositive -sy!hology is em-iri!al in nat)re$ .his im-lies the !aref)lo-erationaliUation of !onstr)!ts& in!l)#ingwor" engagement$ Pen!e& we wrote this test;man)al of the :tre!ht or"Engagement S!ale +:ES7$.his test man)al is -reliminary& whi!h means that o)r wor" on the :ES isstill in -rogress$ evertheless& we#i# not want to wait any longer with -)(lishing some im-ortant-sy!hometri! #etails sin!e many !olleag)es&

(oth in .he etherlan#s as well as a(roa#& are wor"ing with the :ES$any of them have !ontri()te# to this-reliminary test;man)al (y -roving )s with their #ata$ itho)t their hel-this man)al !o)l# not have (eenwritten$ .herefore& we wo)l# li"e to than" o)r !olleag)es for their gest)reof tr)e s!ienti,! !olla(oration3$:tre!htBValIn!ia& ovem(er 20031 >iener& E$& S)h& E$$& J)!as& R$E$ @ Smith& P$' +17$ S)(e!tive well;(eing .hree #e!a#es of -rogress$ Psychological ulletin, 1-0&26;302$

2 J)thans& C$ +20027$ .he nee# for an# meaning of -ositive organiUational(ehavior$8ournal of 9rgani#ational ehavior, -& 65;06$


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3 Sarah Hane otton +A:S7& E#gar ?res!o +SDA7& a)reen >ollar# +A:S7&Esther Wreenglass +A7& As(Xrn Wrimsmo +OR7& Wa(rielePaesli!h +WER7& Hari Pa"anen +C'7& San#rine Pollet +CRA7& AristotelisYantas +WRE7& AleLan#ra ar)es Dinto +DOR7& Stig ?ergeatthiesen +OR7& S)sana Jlorens +SDA7& Astri# Ri!har#sen +OR7& Deter

Ri!hter +WER7& 'an Rothmann +SAC7& Yatariina Salmela;Aro+C'7& arisa Salanova +SDA7& Sa(ine Sonnentag +WER7& Deter Vleri!" +?EJ7&.ony ine,el# +A:S7& Pans #e itte +?EJ7& >ieter Za-f+WER7$:ES an)al< -age 4*+ The conce,t o ork engagementor" engagement is the ass)me# o--osite of ()rno)t$ ontrary to thosewho s)er from ()rno)t& engage#em-loyees have a sense of energeti! an# ee!tive !onne!tion with theirwor" a!tivities an# they see themselvesas a(le to #eal well with the #eman#s of their o($ .wo s!hools of tho)ghteList on the relationshi- (etween wor"engagement an# ()rno)t$ .he ,rst a--roa!h of asla!h an# Jeiter +17ass)mes that engagement an# ()rno)t!onstit)te the o--osite -oles of a !ontin))m of wor" relate# well;(eing&with ()rno)t re-resenting the negative-ole an# engagement the -ositive -ole$ ?e!a)se asla!h an# Jeiter+17 #e,ne ()rno)t in terms ofeLha)stion& !yni!ism an# re#)!e# -rofessional e9!a!y& it follows thatengagement is !hara!teriUe# (y energy&involvement an# e9!a!y$ ?y #e,nition& these three as-e!ts of

engagement !onstit)te the o--osites of the three!orres-on#ing as-e!ts of ()rno)t$ 'n other wor#s& a!!or#ing to asla!han# Jeiter +17 the o--osite s!oring-attern on the three as-e!ts of ()rno)t as meas)re# with the asla!h?)rno)t 'nventory +?'< asla!h&Ha!"son @ Jeiter& 167 im%lies wor" engagement$ .his means that lows!ores on the eLha)stion; an#!yni!ism;s!ales an# a high s!ore on the -rofessional e9!a!y s!ale of the?' is in#i!ative of engagement$Powever& the fa!t that ()rno)t an# engagement are assesse# (y the same)estionnaire has at least two im-ortant

negative !onse)en!es$ Cirst& it is not -la)si(le to eL-e!t that (oth!on!e-ts are -erfe!tly negatively !orrelate#$.hat is& when an em-loyee is not ()rne#;o)t& this #oesn8t ne!essarilymean that he or she is engage# in his or herwor"$ Reversi(ly& when an em-loyee is low on engagement& this #oes notmean that he or she is ()rne#;o)t$Se!on#ly& the relationshi- (etween (oth !onstr)!ts !annot (e em-iri!allyst)#ie# when they are meas)re# withthe same )estionnaire$ .h)s& for instan!e& (oth !on!e-ts !annot (ein!l)#e# sim)ltaneo)sly in one mo#el in

or#er to st)#y their !on!)rrent vali#ity$


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Cor this reason we #e,ne ()rno)t an# wor" engagement are two #istin!t!on!e-ts that sho)l# (e assesse#in#e-en#ently +S!ha)feli @ ?a""er& 20017$ Altho)gh em-loyees willeL-erien!e wor" engagement an# ()rno)tas (eing o--osite -sy!hologi!al states& where(y the former has a -ositive

)ality an# the latter a negative )ality&(oth nee# to (e !onsi#ere# as -rin!i-ally in#e-en#ent of ea!h other$ .hismeans that& at least theoreti!ally& anem-loyee who is not ()rne#;o)t may s!ore high or low on engagement&whereas an engage# em-loyee mays!ore high or low on ()rno)t$ 'n -ra!ti!e& however& it is li"ely that ()rno)tan# engagement are s)(stantivelynegatively !orrelate#$ 'n !ontrast to asla!h an# Jeiter8s +17 a--roa!h&o)r a--roa!h ena(les the assessmentof the strength of the asso!iation (etween wor" engagement an# ()rno)tsin!e #ierent instr)ments assess (othin#e-en#ently$ 't is -ossi(le to in!l)#e (oth !onstr)!ts sim)ltaneo)sly inone analysis& for instan!e& to investigatewhether ()rno)t or engagement eL-lains a##itional )ni)e varian!e in a-arti!)lar varia(le after the o--ositevaria(le has (een !ontrolle# for$or" engagement is #e,ne# as follows +see also S!ha)feli& Salanova&WonU[leU;Rom[ @ ?a""er& 20017*ngagement is a %ositive, fulather than a momentary and s%eci


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wor" engagement is !hara!teriUe# (y a high level of energy an# strongi#enti,!ation with ones wor"$ ?)rno)t&on the other han#& is !hara!teriUe# (y the o--osite a low level of energy!om(ine# with -oor i#enti,!ation withones wor"$

As !an (e seen from the #e,nition a(ove& the #ire!t o--osite of the thir#as-e!t of ()rno)t -rofessionaline9!a!y is not in!l)#e# in the engagement !on!e-t$ .here are tworeasons for this$ Cirst& there isa!!)m)lating em-iri!al evi#en!e that eLha)stion an# !yni!ism !onstit)tethe !ore of ()rno)t& whereas la!" of-rofessional e9!a!y seems to -lay a less -rominent role +asla!h&S!ha)feli @ Jeiter& 2001< Shirom& 20027$Se!on#& it a--eare# from interviews an# #is!)ssions with em-loyees an#s)-ervisors that rather than (y e9!a!y&engagement is -arti!)larly !hara!teriUe# (y (eing immerse# an# ha--ilyengrosse# in ones wor" a state thatwe have !alle# absor%tion$ A!!or#ingly& a(sor-tion is a #istin!t as-e!t ofwor" engagement that is not!onsi#ere# to (e the o--osite of -rofessional ine9!a!y$ ?ase# on the-ervio)s #e,nition& a self;re-ort)estionnaire !alle# the :tre!ht or" Engagement S!ale +:ES7 has(een #evelo-e# that in!l)#es the three!onstit)ting as-e!ts of wor" engagement vigor& #e#i!ation& an#a(sor-tion$Vigor is assesse# (y the following siL items that refer to high levels of

energy an# resilien!e& the willingness toinvest eort& not (eing easily fatig)e#& an# -ersisten!e in the fa!e of#i9!)lties$1. +t my work, I feel bursting with energy-. +t my job, I feel strong and vigorous. Ahen I get u% in the morning, I feel like going to work/. I can continue working for very long %eriods at a time0. +t my job, I am very resilient, mentally6$+t my work I always %ersevere, even when things do not go well*.hose who s!ore high on vigor )s)ally have m)!h energy& Uest an#stamina when wor"ing& whereas those who

s!ore low on vigor have less energy& Uest an# stamina as far as their wor"is !on!erne#$>e#i!ation is assesse# (y ,ve items that refer to #eriving a sense ofsigni,!an!e from one8s wor"& feelingenth)siasti! an# -ro)# a(o)t one8s o(& an# feeling ins-ire# an#!hallenge# (y it$1. I


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0. To me, my job is challenging.hose who s!ore high on #e#i!ation strongly i#entify with their wor"(e!a)se it is eL-erien!e# as meaningf)l&ins-iring& an# !hallenging$ ?esi#es& they )s)ally feel enth)siasti! an#-ro)# a(o)t their wor"$ .hose who s!ore

low #o not i#entify with their wor" (e!a)se they #o not eL-erien!e it to (emeaningf)l& ins-iring& or !hallenging)t!hem-loyees who s!ore# high on the:ES showe# that engage# em-loyees are a!tive agents& who ta"einitiative at wor" an# generate their own-ositive fee#(a!" +S!ha)feli& .aris& Je ?lan!& Deeters& ?a""er @ >e Honge&20017$ C)rthermore& their val)esseem to mat!h well with those of the organiUation they wor" for an# theyalso seem to (e engage# in othera!tivities o)tsi#e their wor"$ Altho)gh the interviewe# engage# wor"ersin#i!ate# that they sometimes feel tire#&

)nli"e ()rne#;o)t em-loyees who eL-erien!e fatig)e as (eing eL!l)sivelynegative& they #es!ri(e# theirtire#ness as a rather -leasant state (e!a)se it was asso!iate# with-ositive a!!om-lishments$ Some engage#em-loyees who were interviewe# in#i!ate# that they ha# (een ()rne#;o)t(efore& whi!h -oints to !ertainresilien!e as well as to the )se of ee!tive !o-ing strategies$ Cinally&engage# em-loyees are not wor"aholi!(e!a)se they enoy other things o)tsi#e wor" an# (e!a)se& )nli"ewor"aholi!s& they #o not wor" har# (e!a)se of

a strong an# irresisti(le inner #rive& ()t (e!a)se for them wor"ing is f)n$.+ The develo,ment o the UWES


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Originally& the :ES in!l)#e# 24 items of whi!h the vigor;items +7 an#the #e#i!ation;items +7 for a large-art !onsiste# of -ositively re-hrase# ?';items$ Cor instan!e& !!Ahen I getu% in the morning, I feel like goingto work88 +vigor7 vers)s 88I feel tired when I get u% in the morning and have

to face another day on the job88+eLha)stion7 an# 88I am enthusiastic about my job88 +#e#i!ation7 vers)s 88Ihave become less enthusiastic about:ES an)al< -age my work88 +!yni!ism7$ .hese reform)late# ?';items were s)--lemente#(y original vigor an# #e#i!ationitems& as well as with new a(sor-tion items to !onstit)te the :ES;24 $After -sy!hometri! eval)ation in two#ierent sam-les of em-loyees an# st)#ents& items a--eare# to (e)nso)n# an# were therefore eliminate# sothat 1 items remaine# 6 vigor items& 5 #e#i!ation items& an# 6a(sor-tion items +S!ha)feli& Salanova&WonU[leU;Rom[ @ ?a""er& 2002a7$ .he res)lting 1;item version of the:ES is in!l)#e# in the A--en#iL$S)(se)ent -sy!hometri! analyses )n!overe# two other wea" items+A?06 en V'067& so that in some st)#iesalso a 15;item version of the :ES has (een )se# +e$g$& >emero)ti&?a""er& Hanssen @ S!ha)feli& 20017$ .he#ata(ases that are analyUe# for this test;man)al in!l)#e the :ES;15 aswell as the :ES;1 +see 4$1 an# 5$17$

scala de angajament in munca uwes

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