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Espionage and counterespionagePopescu Nicoleta Andreea

Strategii, discurs şi practice identitare în Europa premodernă. O introducere în studiul identităţii religioase, politice şi de gen

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Table of contents

Putere = Informaţie.................................................................................... 2

The interwar period – journalist agents....................................... 3

Counterespionage ……………………………………………………………….. 4

Bibliography .............................................................................................. 5

1. Gh. Buzatu, “Din istoriasecretă a celui de-al DoileaRăzboiMondial” , pg.103 2. Source - http://www.gettyimages.es/detail/fotograf%C3%ADa-de-noticias/german-nazi-party-

leader-martin-bormann-one-of-fotograf%C3%ADa-de-noticias/3062464

http://www.gettyimages.es/detail/fotograf%C3%ADa-de-noticias/german-nazi-party-leader-martin-bormann-one-of-fotograf%C3%ADa-de-noticias/3062464


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Espionage and counterespionage

Power = Information

We can say that, in politics, information is power. On the political stage, priority goes to the one who has access to information. He can place himself in a better position, if he knows his opponent’s secrets and thus manages to influence the government and public opinion’s decision-making capacity.He can be placed in a better position, if the opponent knows secrets and, thus, manages to influence the decision-making capacity of the government or the public opinion. Political systems come and go, ideologies and concepts are collapsing and such changes are caused by clashes of opinion in politics or in religion. We can say that the only thing that remains unchanged is the fact that man is always in search of information.

Sometimes obtaining information is only possible with the help of specialists: spies. The people forming an information service office are not at all similar to James Bond who, whatever job he receives, always gets into trouble, managing, however, in the end, to obtain top secret information and data for which he was sent on the mission, with the help of sophisticated equipment.

A spy can be a doorman or a driver. He can be a photographer or even a politician, enjoying a providential immunity in the country in which he activates. The agents who act internally or externally have two types of disguises: the official one, which refers to the disguise of an information officer into another type of government official, and the unofficial one, in which the agent takes on different identities (driver, tourist, etc.) The spies are expected to have vast knowledge in the fields of radio transmissions, autodefense, foreign languages, politics, natural science, arts, etc.

The hardest battle takes place between spies and counterspies.

Being an undercover agent marks the whole history of information activities. This activity has evolved with the passing of time, triggering mass-media and specialist’s concern and resulting in political mass manipulation. In general, the employed persons are already part of the concerned organisations and structures, without their real status being recognized, but there are cases in which a subsequent infiltration action takes place, which consists of creating a new identity, legend and fictional biography for future undercover agents. Unofficial undercover agents act inside the country through different political parties or associations to influence public opinion with the help of mass-media.





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The category of undercover agents, although it faces more difficulty, is considered as one of the most important information and manipulation ressources, both internally and externally, and even in states with counterintelligence services with the highest chances of influencing major politicians. Throughout history, we can also notice the cases of elite political personalities, state presidents, prime-ministers who have spied for other countries. We will further exemplify some of the most famous cases of espionage and counterespionage.

The activity of the agents has awoken the interest of specialists, resulting in vast volumes written about the activity of the agents, in which they are considered a „necessary evil”. „There are some occasions in which people are called to perform great services, which are exempted from the common laws of morality.

The interwar period - journalist agents

The technique of undercover and influence journalists spread especially during the Cold War.

Undercover agents were sometimes even press magnates. Here we find the example of Robert Maxwell (1923-1991), who allegedly worked as a double agent for both England (MI6) and the USSR (KGB). He manages to build a huge media empire through various financial speculation: "Maxwell Communications". MI6 began to be suspected him when he was making numerous trips to the USSR and was accused of being a Soviet agent. However the KGB suspects that he's a MI6 agent provocateur. Other assumptions say that he actually worked for Mossad. Maxwell had an important role as an agent of influence and as discrete mediator between the Eastern and Western leaders, as Margaret Thatcher also confesses. Ronald Reagan says that the one who persuaded the good intentions of Mikhail Gorbachev was Maxwell. This influence proved fatal in the end: in November 1991 Maxwell disappears from his luxury yacht for ever.

There have also been a series of undercover journalist agents during the interwar period, but also during the Second World War, because of the geostrategic importance of our country. These agents have operated for both the Allies and the Axis powers. In Germany the one who operated was Charles Philippe Gyr, but especially Edith von Coler, correspondant of the newspaper „Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung”, who worked as a Gestapo undercover agent.

Undercover journalist agents who worked for the Allies, such as the reporter F. Brunea Fox who worked for the Second French Office were also quite active. We could also take for example the correspondant Mac Larrencarea, who worked for the English agency „Reuters”, agent of the „Intelligence Service”.

Romania is among the countries that used undercover journalist agents. Here there is the example of Camil Ring and Ion Florin Begnescu, who worked for the Secret Information Service (SSI). 1





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Counterespionage

Did the Soviets act like Hitler’s „right hand”?

Martin Bormann (1900-1945)is considered to be among Hitler’s closest collaborators. Although he remained in the shadows for a long time, not being part of any state organization, he managed to influence politicians and he was appreciated at the highest levels, being the one who controlled all the laws and decrees. He was put in charge of the Nazi Party Chancellery (Parteikanzlei), having the position of Minister of State, as well as the executor of Hitler’s will. He can be considered the right hand of the Führer.

But, long after his death in suspicious circumstances which are, up to this date, not clearly understood, it was said that he had worked in Russian Intelligence services, together with Heinrich Müller, head of the Gestapo. One of the abjections made against this accusation is that, during the collapse of the Third Reich and Berlin’s isolation, Martin Bormann had no possibility of communicating with Russia – Moscow, not being familiar with the Morse code. Even though it would seem that, in 1998, Bormann’s remains were found, there are many doubts to whether they were his or not. There is a speculation saying that he continued his existence in South America for a while afterward.

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Bibliography

Lang, Jochen von, The Secretary. Martin Bormann: The Man Who Manipulated Hitler. New York: Random House, 1979

Tănase, Stelian, Portretulunui spion,13ianuarie 2003, „Revista 22”

Popescu, Alexandru, Dicţionar universal al spionilor, Ed. Meronia, Bucureşti, 2010

Sursa web: http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraspionaj





http://www.revista22.ro/portretul-unui-spion-319.html

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