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7/21/2019 Proiect http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/proiect-56da74ee8c94e 1/10 UNIVERSITATEA DE ŞTIINŢE AGRICOLE ŞI MEDICINĂ VETERINARĂ “ION IONESCU DE LA BRAD” DIN IAŞI  FACULTATEA DE AGRICULTURĂ SPECIALIZAREA: EXPERTIZĂ PE FILIERA PRODUSELOR ALIMENTARE PROIECT Metode de cercetare a calită ii ț branzeturilor Coordon!or "!##n$#%#&' ()!*rnd' B+n R(on L,&#n R-,)

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UNIVERSITATEA DE ŞTIINŢE AGRICOLE ŞI MEDICINĂVETERINARĂ “ION IONESCU DE LA BRAD” DIN IAŞI

 

FACULTATEA DE AGRICULTURĂ

SPECIALIZAREA: EXPERTIZĂ PE FILIERA PRODUSELOR ALIMENTARE

PROIECT

Metode de cercetare a calită iiț

branzeturilor

Coordon!or "!##n$#%#&' ()!*rnd' B+n R(onL,&#n R-,)

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C,.r#n)

/0 Pr*1*n!r* ,n#!- ## d* +,&r,ț

20Cond#ț## !*3n#&* d* &+#!!* 13-r,+,#

  20/ Pro.r#*!-ț#+* or4no+*.!#&* +* 13-r,+,#

  202 Pro.r#*!-$#+* %#1#&* "# &3#(#&* +* 13-r,+,#

50E%*&!,r* *6(*n*+or )# n+#1*+or d* +7or!or +* 13-r,+,#

  50/ E%*&!,r* *6(*n,+,# or4no+*.!#&

  502 E%*&!,r* n+#1*+or %#1#&o8&3#(#&*

  5020/ D*!*r(#nr* ,(#d#!-ț## 13-r,+,#

  50202 D*!*r(#nr* &,+or##

  50205 D*!*r(#nr* &onț#n,!,+,# d* 13ro1-

  50209 D*!*r(#nr* ),7)!nț*+or r*d,&-!or*

  5020 D*!*r(#nr* &*n, ##ș

90A(7+r*' .)!rr* )# !rn).or!,+ 13r,+,#

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Brn1*!,r#

  Br;n1 *)!* .rod,),+ .ro).-! ), (!,r! &* )* .o!* o7$#n* .r#n &o4,+r* +.!*+,# <#n!*4r+'nor(+#1! ), )(;n!;n#!=' )(;n!;n*#' 1r*# ), (*)!*&,+,# &*)!or' ,r(!- d* )&,r4*r*1*r,+,#0

M>or#!!* )or!#(*n!#+or d* 7r;n1*!,r# )* o7$#n .r#n .r*+,&rr* +.!*+,#' &r* !r*7,#* )-&or*).,nd- n,(#!or &*r#n$* .r#?#nd &r&!*r#)!#&#+* or4no+*.!#&*' %#1#&o8&3#(#&* "#(#&ro7#o+o4#&*0

1. Compoziţia chimică a brînzeturilor 

2. @n )!r,&!,r 7r;n1*!,r#+or #n!r-' ;n .ro.or$## d#%*r#!*' !o!* &o(.on*n!*+* +.!*+,#0

3.  V+or* n,!r#!#?- r#d#&!- 7r;n1*!,r#+or )* d!or*"!* !;! &*)!or &o(.on*n!*' ;n .r#n&#.#, .ro!*#n*+or' 4r-)#(## "# )-r,r#+or (#n*r+* ,"or )#(#+7#+*' &;! "# d*o)*7#!*+or &r&!*r#)!#&# or4no+*.!#&*' 4,)!!#?*' &r* )!#(,+*1- )*&r*$##+* ),&,r#+or d#4*)!#?* +,;ndd#n 7r;n1*!,r# ,n,+ d#n +#(*n!*+* &*+* (# .r*&#!* d* o( </4 7r;n1- &, .)! !r*)#4,r- 5 d#n n*&*)r,+ 1#+n#& d* .ro!*#n*=0

4. Cr&!*r#)!#&#+* .r#n&#.+* .* &r* +* .r*1#n!- d#%*r#!* )or!#(*n!* d* 7r;n1*!,r# );n!#n%+,#*n$!* d* ?r#$# &on$#n,!,+,# d* .- "# d* 4r-)#(*0 Gr-)#(* *)!* *6.r#(!- ;n .ro&*n!* & !r* ;n .rod,) ), r.or!!- + ),7)!n$ ,)&!-0

@n !7*+,+ 50/0 *)! .r*1*n!!- &o(.o1#$# (*d#* .r#n&#.+*+or )or!#(*n!,r# d* 7r;n1*!,r#'#r ;n !7*+,# 5020 &o(.o1#$# (*d#* .*n!r, )or!#(*n!,+ 7r;n1- .ro).-!- d* ?&-

3. Analiza izico !chimică "i or#anoleptică la brînzeturi

P*n!r, .r*&#*r* &+#!-$## 7r;n1*!,r#+or )* d*!*r(#n- o )*r#* d* #nd#&# &r* .*r(#! )- )* )!7#+*)&-d&- .rod,)*+* );n! &or*).,n1-!or* )!ndrd*+or "# nor(*+or #n!*rn*:

Analiza or#anoleptică  .r*&#*r* ;n),"#r#+or or4no+*.!#&* +* 7r;n1*!,r#+or )* r*%*r- +*6(#nr* (7+>,+,# "# (r&-r##' &on)#)!*n$*#' 4,)!,+,# "# (#ro),+,#' ).*&r,+,# *6!*r#or "# ;n)*&$#,n*' &,+or## .)!*#' d*)*n,+,#

Analiza chimică  .r*&#*r* d,.- &r&!*r#)!#&#+* &3#(#&* .r*?*d*: d*!*r(#nr* &on$#n,!,+,#d* .- "# ),7)!n$- ,)&!-' d*!*r(#nr* &on$#n,!,+,# d* 4r-)#(*' .*n!r, 7r;n1*!,r#+* .ro).*!*d*!*r(#nr* &#d#!-$##0

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 @n .ro&*),+ d* %7r#&r* 7r;n1*!,r#+or )* d*!*r(#n-' ;n n,(#!* &1,r#' &#d#!!* &o4,+,+,# "# 1*r,+,#' .*n!r, )!7#+# (o(*n!,+ %#n+ + ;n&3*4-r## "# .r*+,&r-r## &o4,+,+,#0

3.$.Analiza or#anoleptică 

@n %,n&$#* d* &r&!*r#)!#&#+* %#*&-r,# !#. d* 7r;n1-' &*)!- n+#1- ? &r&!*r#1 ).*&!,+*6!*r#or' ).*&!,+ #n!*r#or ;n )*&$#,n*' &on)#)!*n$ .)!*#' (#ro),+ "# 4,)!,+0

A)!%*+ ;n &1,+ 7r;n1*!,r#+or (o# )* n+#1*1*1- ,r(-!or*+*:

% A&pect' )* o7)*r?- d&- .r*1#n!- ()- o(o4*n-' )&,r4*r* +#7*r- d* 1*r' (,&*4# ), i(.,r#!-$#.

% Con&i&tenţă: )* )!7#+*)& &r&!*r#)!#&#+* .)!*# ;n %,n&$#* d* )or!#(*n! <.)!- on&!,o)-'n*)%-r;(#&#o)-=  

 Culoare' )* o7)*r?- &,+or*' n,n$ "# ,n#%or(#!!* *#0  

 Miro& "i #u&t: )* .r*&#1- ro( "# 4,)!,+ "# )* &on)!!- .*1*n$ (#ro),r#+or "# 4,)!,r#+orn*).*&#%#&* ), )!r-#n* <&r,' (r' d* dro>d#*' (,&*4#' r;n&*d=0 @n &1,+ 7r;n1*!,r#+or !r# )*n+#1*1- :

% A&pectul e(terior: )* o7)*r?- d&- %or( 7r;n1*!,r#+or *)!* r*4+*(*n!!- ), .r*1#n!-d*%or(-r#0 S* .r*&#1- &,+or* &o>## "# .r*1*n$ &r-.-!,r#+or0 @n &1,+ 7,&-$#+or .r%#n!*' )*&on!ro+*1- ,n#%or(#!!* "# #n!*4r#!!* )!r!,+,# d* .r%#n-0

 % A&pectul în &ecţiune: ;n!r8o )*&$#,n* .ro).-! %-&,!- )* *6(#n*1- d&- .)! *)!* o(o4*n-' 7,r*!o)- ), &?*rno)-0 S* o7)*r?-' &o+o ,nd* *)!* &1,+' .r*1*n$ o&3#,r#+or d* %*r(*n!r*0 8

C,+or* (#*1,+,#: )* o7)*r?- n,n$ d* &,+or* "# ,n#%or(#!!* *#0 % Con&i&tenţa miezului: )* *6(#n*1- *+)!#&#!!* .)!*# "# )* )!7#+*"!* d&- *)!* o(o4*n-'&or*).,n1-!or* !#.,+,# r*).*&!#? d* 7r;n1-' &,&#,&o)-' )%-r;(#&#o)- ), n#)#.o)-0

8 Miro&ul "i #u&tul: )* .r*&#1- d&- 4,)!,+ *)!* ).*&#%#& d* %*r(*n!"#* +&!#&-' &r&!*r#)!#&- .rod,),+,# r*).*&!#?0

3.3.)eterminarea conţinutului de apă

 G*nr+#!-$#

P*n!r, d*!*r(#nr* &on$#n,!,+,# d* .- )* %o+o)*)&:

 metoda u&cării în etu*ă <(*!od- d* &on!ro+ "# +#!#4#,=

. metoda u&cării cu radiaţii inraro"ii

. metoda rapidă a u&cării în paraină.

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3.3.)eterminarea conţinutului de apă

 G*nr+#!-$#

Metoda u&cării în etu*ă

E?.orr* .*# d#n .ro7- .r#n ;n&-+1#r* ;n *!,?- + /22C' .;n- + ()- &on)!n!

 Aparate "i material

 8*!,?- *+*&!r#&- !*r(or*4+7#+-

8n#)#. d* (r* &, 4rn,+$# '/8'5 ((' .r*4-!#! d,.- &,( ,r(*1-: )* %#+!r*1-' )* ).+- &,.- r*&* "# )* %#*r7* &, &#d &+or3#dr#& &on&*n!r!' d#+,! //' !#(. d* / (#n,!*' 4#!;nd&on!#n,,0

 S* r*.*!- o.*r$# &, o no,- &n!#!!* d* &#d' .;n- &;nd &*)! n, )* (# ;n4-+7#n*"!* d,.-

%#*r7*r*0 S* ).+- .o# n#)#.,+ &, .- d#)!#+!-' .;n- + d#).r#$# #on,+,# d* &+or0 S* ,),&- + /8/C "# )* .-)!r*1- ;n!r8,n %+&on ;n&3#) *r(*!#&0

Modul de lucru

@n!r8o %#o+- d* &-n!-r#r* )* #n!rod,& &#r& 4 d* n#)#. "# o 743*!- d* )!#&+- "# )* ,),&- ;n *!,?- +/22C .;n- + 4r*,!!* &on)!n!-0 D,.- &;n!-r#r* %#o+*# 4o+* <4= )* .,n 2854 d* 7r;n1- "#' &,>,!or,+ 743*!*# ' )* (*)!#&- 7#n* &, n#)#.,+0 Gr*,!!* %#o+*# d,.- #n!rod,&*r* 7r;n1*# )*no!*1- &, 4/0

 F#o+ )* ,),&- ;n *!,?- !#(. d* 285 or*' + 8C "# .o# + /22C' !#(. d* 98 or*'(*)!*&-nd,8)* ;n &*)! !#(. d* &;!*? or# &, 743*!0 S* )&o!* .o# %#o+ d#n *!,?- "#' d,.-r-&#r* ;n *6#&!or' )* &;n!-r*"!*0 S* r*.*!- ,)&r* ;n *!,?- "# r-&#r* .;n- + 4r*,!!* &on)!n!-<42=0 D#%*r*n$ ;n!r* &*+* do,- &-n!-r#r# n, !r*7,#* )- d*.-"*)&- '94' #r d#%*r*n$<.ro&*n!,+-= ;n!r* r*1,+!!*+* do,- d*!*r(#n-r# .r+*+* n, !r*7,#* )- d*.-"*)&- '0

C+&,+,+ "# *6.r#(r* r*1,+!!*+or0

 

M*!od ,)&-r## &, rd#$## #n%rro"##

a) Pr#n&#.#,+ (*!od*#

b) E?.orr* .*# d#n .ro7- .r#n ;n&-+1#r* &, rd#$## #n%rro"## .;n- + ()- &on)!n!- 7=A.r!,r- "# (!*r#+* 8 #n)!+$#* .*n!r, ,)&r* &, rd#$## #n%rro"## 8 &.),+- d* +,(#n#, 8

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n#)#. .r*4-!#! &on%or( (*!od*# n!*r#or*

c) &= Mod,+ d* +,&r, @n!r8o &.),+- d* +,(#n#, )* #n!rod,& &#r& 4 d* n#)#. &+&#n! "# o 743*!- d* )!#&+-0 S* "*1- &.),+ .* ),.or!,+ )#!,! + o d#)!n$- d* H&( d* &*n!r,+%)&#&o+,+,# +,(#no) + +-(.## #n%rro"## "# )* (*n$#n* &#r& 2 (#n0' d,.- &r* )* r-&*"!* ;n

*6#&!or "# )* &;n!-r*"!*0 S* r*.*!- ,)&r* &;!* !r*# (#n,!* .;n- + 4r*,!*!* &on)!n!-0 A.o# )*&;n!-r*)& &#r& 24 d* 7r;n1- ;n %#o+- "# )* (*)!#&- 7#n* &, n#)#.,+ &, >,!or,+ 743*!*# d*)!#&+-0 S* #rd#1- !#(. d* / (#n' (*)!*&;nd,8)* ;n &*)! !#(. &on$#n,!,+ &, 743*!0 D,.-r-&#r* ;n *6#&!or' %#o+ )* &;n!-r*"!* d#n no, "# )* r*.*!- r*&;n!-r#r* .;n- + ()- &on)!n!-0

C+&,+,+ &on$#n,!,+,# d* .- "# d* ),7)!n$- ,)&!- )* %&* + %*+ & + (*!od n!*r#or-0

M*!od r.#d- ,)&-r## ;n .r%#n-0

a) Pr#n&#.#,+ (*!od*#

b)  E?.orr* .*# d#n .ro7- .r#n ;n&-+1#r* + %+&-r- ), .* r*"o, *+*&!r#& "# &;n!-r#r*r*1#d,,+,# ,)&! &, 7+n$ L&! 0

c)  7= A.r!,r- "# (!*r#+* 8B+n$ L&! 8.3r d* +,(#n#, 8.r%#n-

d) &= Mod,+ d* +,&r, 8 @n &1,+ %o+o)#r## 7+n$*# L&!' .3r,+ d* +,(#n#, <&,r!' ,)&! +%+&-r- "# )* *&3#+#7r*1- .* .+!n,+ 7+n$*# &, o 4r*,!!* d* /4' &r* !;rn- + .r!* d*),) !+*r,+,#0 8 S* ;n+o&,#*"!* 4r*,!!* d* /4 &, ,n d* 4' )* ;n!rod,&* ;n .3r,+ d*+,(#n#, o %o#* d* .*r4(*n! "# )* &o(.+*!*1- .;n- + *&3#+#7r, &, .r%#n- (-r,n$#!-0 S* .,n* 4r*,!!* d* 4 "# )* d,4- 7r;n1- %#n (-r,n$#!- "# o(o4*n#1!- <4=' &r* )* (*)!*&-&, .r%#n-0 S* .r#nd* .3r,+ &, ,n &+*"!* (*!+#& "# )* ;n&-+1*"!* d*),.r ,n*# %+-&-r#'(*)!*&;nd,8)* &on!#n,,' .;n- + *?.orr* .*# d#n 7r;n1-' *?#!;nd,8)* !o.#r*0

e) 8 S%;r"#!,+ *?.or-r## )* &on)#d*r- (o(*n!,+ &;nd ;n&*!*1- ).,(r* "# .r* o &,+or*4+7*n-' )+7 7r,n-0 S!#&+ d* &*) "*1!- d*),.r .3r,+,# n, )* (# &+#n!*"!*0

f)  8 P*n!r, r-&#r* .3r,+ )* "*1- .* o .+&- d* %#n$- ), d* (*!+ <&,r!- "# ,)&!-=0 D,.-&#r& / (#n,!*' .3r,+ )* &;n!-r*"!* d#n no,0 P#*rd*r* ;n 4r*,!!* d!or#!- *?.or-r## .*#)* d*!*r(#n- d*.+);nd,8)* &*# do# &-+-r*$# .* )&r 4rd!- 7+n$*# .;n- ;n (o(*n!,+*&3#+#7r-r## *#0 C+&,+,+ &on$#n,!,+,# d* .- )* *%*&!,#1- )!%*+: d#?#1#,n* &#!#!- .*n!r,&-+-r*$,+ (r* )* ;n(,+$*"!* &, H "# )* d,n- &, d,7+,+ ?+or## &#n*!#&* .*n!r,+ &-+-r*$,+ (#&0

E6*(.+,: &-+-r*$,+ (r* %o)! "*1! + ' #r &-+-r*$,+ (#& + /'50

g)  Con$#n,!,+ d* .- ;n .rod,) *)!*: HJ9H /'52J 2' ' 509

h) )eterminarea conţinutului de #ră&ime 

i) D*!*r(#nr* &on$#n,!,+,# d* 4r-)#(* )* %&* + !o!* !#.,r#+* d* 7r;n1*!,r#' .r#n ,r(-!or*+*(*!od*: 8 7,!#ro(*!r#&- &, 7,!#ro(*!r,+ Vn G,+#& 8 7,!#ro(*!r#&- &, 7,!#ro(*!r,+ d* +.!*

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G*r7*r0

 Metoda butirometrică cu butirometrul Van Gulic 

Pr#n&#.#,+ (*!od*#

S*.rr* 4r-)#(## ;n 7,!#ro(*!r, .r#n &*n!r#%,4r*' d,.- d#1o+?r* .r*+7#+- ),7)!n$*+or .ro!*#&* &, &#d ),+%,r#&' ;n .r*1*n$ +&oo+,+,# #1o(#+#&

 7= A.r!,r- 8B,!#ro(*!r, Vn G,+#K 8C*n!r#%,4- .*n!r, 7,!#ro(*!r* H8/2 ro!(#n 8P#.*!-), do1!or ,!o(! d* /&(5 .*n!r, &#d ),+%,r#& 8P#.*!- ), do1!or ,!o(! d* /&(5 .*n!r,+&oo+ #1o(#+#& 8D#).o1#!#? .*n!r, (-r,n$#r* 7r;n1*#' &r* .o!* %# &,r-$! ,"or0

&= R*&!#?# 8 A&#d ),+%,r#& J /'22' <' &(5 .-/H' &(5 &#d ),+%,r#& dJ/'H5/= 8A+&oo+ #1o(#+#& dJ'H/'2 &, #n!*r?+ d* d#)!#+r* &,.r#n) ;n!r* /2H8/52C d= Mod,+ d*+,&r,

 Metoda butirometrică cu butirometrul de lapte +erber. 

= Pr#n&#.#,+ (*!od*# Con%or( (*!od*# n!*r#or* 7= A.r!,r 8 7,!#ro(*!r, .*n!r, +.!* 8r*)!,+ .r!,r## &on%or( (*!od*# n!*r#or*0 &= R*&!#?# 8 &#d ),+%,r#& dJ/'H/'5 <9' &(5.- /H' &(5 &#d ),+%,r#& dJ/'H5/= 8 +&oo+ #1o(#+#& &on%or( (*!od*# n!*r#or* 8 %o+#* d*&*+,+o1- )o+,7#+- ;n &#d ),+%,r#&

d= Mod,+ d* +,&r,

P* o %o+#* d* &*+,+o1- d* && H ((8 ((' )* &;n!-r*)& &, o .r*&#1#* d* '4 &#r& 54 d#n

 .ro7 d* 7r;n1- <;n &1,+ 7r;n1*!,r#+or &, ,n &on$#n,! d* 4r-)#(* .;n- + 9= ), && /'4 <;n&1,+ 7r;n1*!,r#+or &, ,n &on$#n,! (# (r* d* 4r-)#(*=0 S* #n!rod,& ;n 7,!#ro(*!r, /&(5 &#d),+%,r#& %-r- !#n4* 4;!,+ 7,!#ro(*!r,+,#' .o# )* d,4- ;n &*+*"# &ond#$## .- &+d- <589C=' .;n- &-nd )* %or(*1- ,n )!r! d* .ro6#(!#? (( d*)1.r &#d,+,# ),+%,r#&0S*#n!rod,&* .o# ;n 7,!#ro(*!r, () d* 7r;n1- &;n!-r#!-' ;(.r*,n- &, %o+# d* &*+,+o1- .+#!-0 S*d,4- / &(5 +&oo+ #1o(#+#& "# .- &+d- <589C=' .;n- + o d#)!n$- d* (( d* 4;!,+ 7,!#ro(*!r,+,#0 S* ;n&3#d* 7,!#ro(*!r,+ &, do.,+ d* &,&#,& "# )* 4#!- .;n- + &o(.+*! d#1o+?r* 7r;n1*#0S* ;n!rod,&* 7,!#ro(*!r,+ ;n 7# d* .- + 2C !#(. d* 8/ (#n,!*0 B,!#ro(*!r,+%#*r7#n!* )* #n!rod,&* ;n &*n!r#%,4-0 D,.- !#n4*r* !,r$#*# d* /8/ ro!(#n <;n && 2(#n=')* (# &*n!r#%,43*1- 7,!#ro(*!r,+ !#(. d* (#n0 S* )&o!* 7,!#ro(*!r,+ d#n &*n!r#%,4- "# )*

#n!rod,&* ;n 7# d* .- + 2C !#(. d* &*+ .,$#n 5 (#n,!* <;n)- n, (# (,+! d* / (#n,!*=0S* )&o!* 7,!#ro(*!r,+ d#n 7# d* .- "# )* &#!*)& ?+or#+* &or*).,n1-!or* )!r!,+,# ),.*r#or "##n%*r#or + &o+on*# d* 4r-)#(* d#n 7,!#ro(*!r,0 %= C+&,+,+ "# *6.r#(r* r*1,+!!*+or Con$#n,!,+d* 4r-)#(* + 7r;n1*#' *6.r#(! ;n .ro&*n!*' )* &+&,+*1- &, %or(,+: Gr-)#(*J A8B //' M99 Und*: B8 ?+or* &or*).,n1-!or* .,n&!,+,# #n%*r#or + (*n#)&o+,+,# &o+on*# d* 4r-)#(*' ;n A8 ?+or* &or*).,n1-!or* +#n#*# d* )*.rr* &#d84r-)#(*' ;n 0 //8 %&!or d* &or*&$#* &on$#n,!,+,# d* 4r-)#(* &*r* r*.r*1#n!- &n!#!!* d* .rod,) ;n 4r(*' .*n!r, &r* *)!* 4rd!-

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)&r 7,!#ro(*!r,+,# d* +.!*0 Con$#n,!,+ d* 4r-)#(* r.or!! + ),7)!n$ ,)&!- )* &+&,+*1-&on%or (*!od*# n!*r#or*0 *= R*.*!7#+#!!* D#%*r*n$ d#n!r* r*1,+!!*+* do,- d*!*r(#n-r# .r+*+* *%*&!,!* d* &*+"# o.*r!or n, !r*7,#* )- d*.-"*)&- '/4 4r-)#(* + /4 .rod,)0

50500 D*!*r(#nr* &#d#!-$## Br;n1*!,r#+or = Pr#n&#.#,+ (*!od*#0 Con%or( n+#1*# +.!*+,#'

(!*r#* .r#(-0 7= R*&!#?# "# (!*r#+*0 8 Q#dro6#d d* )od#,' )o+,$#* d* '/ n 8 F*no%!+*#n-')o+$"#* +&oo+#&- '2 8 Mo>r d* .or$*+n &, .#)!#+ 8 B+n$- !*3n#&-' 7#,r*!-' .#.*!-0 = Mod,+d* +,&r, @n!r8,n (o>r ), ;n!r8o &.),+- d* .or$*+n )* #n!rod,& / 4 7r;n1- <&;n!-r#!- &, .r*&#1#*d* '/ + 7+n$ !*3n#&-=0 S* (*)!#&- 7#n*' &, ,n .#)!#+ d* .or$*+n' .o# )* d,4- &(5 .-d#)!#+!- "# ,n &(5 )o+,$#* d* %*no+%!+*#n-0 S* !#!r*1- &, o )o+,$#* d* 3#dro6#d d* )od#, '/ n .;n-+ .r#$# ,n*# &o+or$## ro1* &r* .*r)#)!- !#(. d* / (#n,!0 7= C+&,+,+ "# *6.r#(r* r*1,+!!*+or0A&#d#!!* 7r;n1*# )* &+&,+*1- d,.- %or(,+: AJV /' T @n &r*: V8 ?o+,(,+ )o+,$#*# d*3#dro6#d d* )od#,' %o+o)#! + !#!rr*' ;n &(5 /8 () .ro7*# +,!- ;n +,&r,' ;n 40 Co4,+,+,#P*n!r, d*!*r(#nr* &#d#!-$## ;n &,r),+ .ro&*),+,# !*3no+o4#&' ;n %1 d* &o4,+r* .o!* .ro&*d;n do,- (od,r#' "# n,(*: d*!*r(#n;nd,8)* &#d#!!* &,4,+,+,# "# 1*r,+,# ;(.r*,n- ),

)*.r;nd,8)* ;n .r*+7#+ &o4,+,+ d* 1*r "# d*!*r(#n;nd,8)* )*.r! &#d#!!* %#*&-r,#0 A=D*!*r(#nr* &#d#!-$## &o4,+,+,# ;(.r*,n- &, 1*r,+0 D#n ?n ;n &r* )8 %-&,! ;n&3*4r*+.!*+,# )* # o .ro7- (*d#* ;n %*+,+ ,r(-!or )* ;nd*.-r!*1- )!r!,+ ),.*r#or + &o4,+,+,# "# )*#, &, ,n d*4*!r 589 .ro7* d#n d#%*r#!* +o&,r#' &r* )* #n!rod,& ;n!r8o &.),+- d* .or$*+n0Cn!#!!* !r*7,#* )- %#* d* (#n#(,( /8240 Pro7 )* (-r,n$*"!* ;n!r8o &.),+- d* .or$*+n'%o+o)#nd,8)* ,n .#)!#+0 C, >,!or,+ ,n*# .#.*!* 4rd!* )* #, 8/ &(5 d#n .ro7 o(o4*n- "# )*#n!rod,&* ;n!r8,n ?) &on#& d* +7or!or0 P#.*! )* ).+- &, / &(5 d* .- d#)!#+!- &+d- d,.-&r* )* #n!rod,&* ;n &*+"# ?) &, .ro7 d* n+#1!0 S* d,4- 8/ .#&-!,r# d* %*no+%!+*#n-')o+,$#* +&oo+#&- / "# )* !#!r*1- &, 3#dro6#d d* )od#,' )o+,$#* d* '/ n .;n- + .r#$# &,+or##

ro1' &r* .*r)#)!- !#(. d* / (#n,! A&#d#!!* &o4,+,+,# )* &+&,+*1- )!%*+: A&#d#!!* J / 2 V V/ ' T @n &r*: V/ ?o+,(,+ d* &o4,+ o(o4*n +,! .*n!r, n+#1-' ;n &(5 V28 ?o+,(,+d* )o+,$#* d* NOQ '/ n %o+o)#! + !#!rr*' ;n &(5 0 @n &1,+ %o+o)#r## / &(5 &o4,+o(o4*n#1!' %or(,+ d*?#n*: 9 A&#d#!!* JV2 /' T B= D*!*r(#nr* )*.r!- &#d#!-$##&o4,+,+,# "# 1*r,+,#0 C ;n &1,+ .r*&*d*n!' )* r*&o+!*1- o .ro7- (*d#* d#n &o4,+,+ d#n ?n-;n &n!#!!* d* 285 40 Pro7 (*d#* n*o(o4*n#1!- )* %#+!r*1- .r#n!r8,n !#%on' +-);nd,8)* )-&,r4- +#7*r !#(. d* 285 (#n,!*0 Z*r,+ )* &o+*&!*1- ;n!r8,n ?) &on#& d* +7or!or' #r &o4,+,+)*.r! )* #n!rod,&* ;n!r8o &.),+- d* .or$*+n0 Co4,+,+ )* o(o4*n#1*1- &, >,!or,+ ,n,# .#)!#+'"# .o# )* &;n!-r*)& + 7+n$ n+#!#&- 40 Pro7 d* &o4,+ )* !r*&* ;n!r8,n (o>r' )* d,4- .,$#n- .- d#)!#+!- "# 58 .#&-!,r# d* %*no+%!+*#n-' )o+,$#* /0 S* !#!r*1- &, )o+,$#* d* 3#dro6#d

d* )od#, '/ n .;n- + .r#"# &,+or## ro1' &r* .*r)#)!- ,n (#n,!0 A&#d#!!* )* &+&,+*1- d,.-%or(,+: A&#d#!!* J G V / ' T @n &r* : V/8 ?o+,(,+ d* )o+,"#* d* NOQ '/ n %o+o)#! +!#!rr*' ;n &(5 G8 4r*,!!* .ro7*#' ;n 40 D#n 1*r,+ &o+*&!! )* #, &, o .#.*!- / &(5 ' &r* )*#n!rod,& ;n!r81n ?) &on#& d* +7or!or0 S* ).+- .#.*! &, / &(5 .- d#)!#+!- &+d- <9C= "#+#&3#d,+ )* #n!rod,&* ;n &*+"# ?) &, .ro70 S* d,4- 58 .#&-!,r# d* %*no+%!+*#n-' )o+,$#* / "# )* !#!r*1- &, o )o+,$#* d* NOQ .;n- + .r#$# &,+or## ro10 A&#d#!!* 1*r,+,# )* &+&,+*1-d,.- %or(,+: A&#d#!!* J / 2 V V / ' T @n &r*: V/8?o+,(,+ d* 1*r +,! .*n!r, n+#1-' ;n

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D,.- ,n (#n,! ' )* !#!r*1- (*)!*&,+ &, )o+,$# d* 3#dro6#d d* )od#, .;n- )* o7$#n* o &o+or$#*#d*n!#&- &, )o+,$#*# (r!or0 8 L .ro7 )!%*+ n*,!r+#1!- )* d,4- .o# &(5 )o+,$#* d*%or(+d*3#d- "#' d,.- / (#n,!' )* !#!r*1- d#n no, &, )o+,$#* d* 3#dro6#d d* )od#, .;n- )*r*&.-!- &o+or$# .ro7*# (r!or0 d= C+&,+,+ "# *6.r#(r* r*1,+!!*+or0 T#!r,+ .ro!*#& )*&+&,+*1- &, %or(,+: T#!r,+ .ro!*#& J V ' @n &r*: V8 ?o+,(,+ )o+,$#*# %o+o)#! + II8 !#!rr*'

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