jcompoziŢia bichimicĂ a fructelor de juglans regia

8/10/2019 JCOMPOZIIA BICHIMIC A FRUCTELOR DE JUGLANS REGIA

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THE ANALYZE OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE JUGLANS REGIA FRUIT WITHTHE SELECTIONS FROM THE CARPATIHAN AREA OF OLTENIA

ANALIZA COMPOZIIEI BICHIMICE A FRUCTELOR DE JUGLANS REGIA LA SELECIILEDIN ZONA SUBCARPATIC A OLTENIEI

Abstract The Walnut is a pomological plant knownfrom back in the old times, is a traditional fruit, importantfrom an economical and social point of view.

In Romania, the walnut has been cultivated fromback in the old times, its fruit being complete food. Thestudied selections are part of the Walnut populations inNorth Oltenia.

Besides other reseaches, analses were also madein what concerns the chemical composition of thewalnut fruits of these selections.

The studies were carried out under naturalenvironmental conditions. The Walnuts form individual

populations which are, from a genetic point of view,natural hbrids grown on their own roots and with anirregular fruit production.

!"#$%r&s: walnut, populations, selections, !uglansregia.

INTRODUCTIONRomania is one of the European countries with

temperate climate which has relevant walnut production.The region of Oltenia is located in the SW of Romaniaand has 15% of the walnut trees. The walnut trees aredistributed all over the countr being located intoorgani!ed orchards or as individual trees. "mportantdifferences were observed regarding the behaviour to

bacterial blight attac# $anhmonas campestris pv.uglandis. &esides the phenotpical characterisation ofthe walnut' the evaluation of the biochemicalcomposition of the uglans regia fruit was also realised."n this period' observations have been carried out in thewalnut populations from the (orthern area of Oltenia.This area of Oltenia contains ) counties* +,lcea' -orand /ehedin0i there' the walnut trees are widel spread2over 354 thousands plants. The growth vigor of thewalnut trees is large or ver large in all the populationsstudied. 6ow vigorous walnut trees were not found inthe area.

MATERIALS AND METHODSThe researches that were made in (orth Oltenia'

were following up the behavior of 57 selections. Theselections are hbrids cultivated on their own roots.Thetrees have between )4 and 54 ears old. Theinvestigation was carried out in the (orthern area ofOltenia' in different localities from the following counties*-or' +,lcea and /ehedin0i.

The measurements' observation and determinationwere referring to the bearing characteristics 2tpe ofbearing ield' fruit characteristics' growth 2habitus' andlow temperatures during winter and behavior todiseases.

The observations were made under the conditions ofnatural infection in field and followed the evolution of thepathogen 2$8 agent on leaves and fruit.

The Evaluation of the &iochemical 8omposition of

R"'()at (ucul este o plant9 cunoscut9 din cele maivechi timpuri' este un fruct tradi0ional' important dinpunct de vedere economic :i social.

;n Rom,nia nucul este cultivat din cele mai vechitimpuri' fructul sau conferind o hran9 complet9.Selec0iile studiate fac parte din popula0iile de nuci din(ordul Olteniei.

ntalni0i >n live!i organi!ate saur9!le0. @iferen0e considerabile au fost observate >n ceea

ce prive:te comportamentul fa09 de atacul para!i0ilor$anhmonas campestris pv. uglandis 2bacterio!a. n !ona de (ord aOlteniei' >n localit9ti diferite din urm9toarele ude0e* -or'+,lcea :i /ehedin0i.

/9sur9torile' observa0iile :i determin9rile au vi!atcaracteristicile de rodire 2tipul de rod' caracteristicilefructelor' cre:terea 2habitus' temperaturile sc9!ute peparcursul iernii :i comportamentul la atacul bolilor :i

d9un9torilor.Observa0iile au fost f9cute >n condi0iile unei infec0iinaturale >n teren' urmate de evolu0ia agentului patogen2$8 asupra frun!elor :i fructelor.


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the Bruit*= dr substance 2%= eCtractible protein 2%= raw fat 2%= reducer carbohdrates 2%= total carbohdrates 2%= humidit 2%.

The climatic conditions of the area are generall

favorable to the growth and bearing of the walnut. Theaverage annual temperature ranges from 14'3D8 to14.D8 the lowest temperature was =)4D8' but normallthe temperature ranges from =34D8 to =33D8 theaverage sum of rainfall is of F44=F54 mm the relativehumidit is of 7=G5% and the duration of sunshine is of1H44 hours per ear.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSThe trees used in the research are generativel

obtained and planted in familial gardens and orchards'near footwas 2road plantations and isolated. A strictgenetic evidentiation and delimitation with themaintaining of integrit between some limits of entirepopulation is difficult. The characteristic of thispopulation is represented b the large variabilit of thegrowth characteristics' disease tolerance or resistance'resistance to low temperatures' which are present at theindividuals that compose the population. The studiedbiological material is made of 57 representativeselections' selected from over )1 localities in (orthOltenia

Anal!ing the biochemical components of the #ernelof the walnut selections in (orth Oltenia' a variabilit forthe main components was observed* dr substance 2%'eCtractible protein 2%' raw fat 2%' reducercarbohdrates 2%' humidit 2% 2Analses carried outb the Alimentar Research "nstitute in &ucharest.

Bollowing the biochemical analses carried out on

the #ernel of the walnut selections in -or' the belowvalues were obtained*= dr substance 2%* F4'5% 2&umbe:ti=n general'

favorablile cre:terii :i rodirii nucului. Temperaturamedie anual9 se situea!9 >ntre 14'3D8 :i 14.D8 ceamai sc9!ut9 temperatur9 a fost de =)4D8' dar' >n modnormal' temperatura se situea!9 >ntre =34D8 :i =33D8media de precipita0ii este de F44=F54 mm umiditateamedie relativ9 a aerului este de 7=G5% :i durata destr9lucire a soarelui este de 1H44 ore pe an.

REZULTATE I DISCUII


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Table1&iochemical Analses of the Iernel of the Walnut Selections 2-or

"n +,lcea' following the biochemical analsescarried out on the #ernel of the walnut selections' thebelow values were obtained*

= dr substance* F3'H% 2/9ld9re:ti S71'Jore!u SF) = G1'5% 2Stroie:ti S5F= eCtractible protein * 5'F% 28oste:ti S7F =

H'5% 28oste:ti S7H' /atee:ti SG)= raw fat 2%* F'4% 2Sl9tioara SG4 = 55'5%

2Stroie:ti S55' /9ld9re:ti S71' Jore!u SF)= reducer carbohdrates 2%* 4'F3% 2/atee:ti

SG) = 1'3% 2Stroie:ti S55' /9ld9re:ti S51' Jore!uSF)

= total carbohdrates 2%* 1'1% 2/9ld9re:tiS7) = 3'% 2+aideeni S75

= humidit 2% * 1G'5% 2Stroie:ti S5F = 37'3%28oste:ti S5F 2Table no. 3.

"n ude0ul +,lcea' in urma anali!elor biochimiceefectuate la mie!ul selec0iilor de nuc' s=au constatatvalorile*

= substan0a uscat9* F3'H% 2/9ld9re:ti S71'Jore!u SF) = G1'5% 2Stroie:ti S5F= proteina eCtractibil9 * 5'F% 28oste:ti S7F =

H'5% 28oste:ti S7H' /atee:ti SG)= gr9sime brut9 2%* F'4% 2Sl9tioara SG4 =

55'5% 2Stroie:ti S55' /9ld9re:ti S71' Jore!u SF)= glucide reduc9toare 2%* 4'F3% 2/atee:ti

SG) = 1'3% 2Stroie:ti S55' /9ld9re:ti S51' Jore!uSF)

= glucide totale 2%* 1'1% 2/9ld9re:ti S7) =3'% 2+aideeni S75

= umiditate 2% * 1G'5% 2Stroie:ti S5F = 37'3%28oste:ti S5F 2Tabelul nr. 3.

Table 3

&iochemical Analses of the Iernel of the Walnut Selections 2+,lcea


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The biochemical analses carried out on the #ernelof the walnut selections in /ehedin0i*

= dr substance* F3')% 2"lovi0a S11) = G1'5%2


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Rom,niaK' n "S" Web of Science :i&a!ele de @ate "nterna0ionale Repre!entative=

A-R"8O6A :i 8A& Abstracts.7. 8osmulescu Sina' &aciu A.' Achim -h. M N/ineral

8omposition of Bruits in @ifferent Walnut 2uglans regia

6. 8ultivarsKF..Blondor "uliana Svetlana.' 3413=N 8ercet9riasupra productivit90ii' calit90ii fructelor :i a re!isten0ei laboli :i d9un9tori' la popula:iile :i selec0iile de uglansregia din !ona de (ord a Olteniei >n rela0iile cu factoriide mediuK.

jcompoziŢia bichimicĂ a fructelor de juglans regia

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