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Analele Universit ii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Economie, Nr. 1/2008

Annals of the Constantin Brncui University of Trgu Jiu, Economy Series, No. 1/2008

171

EFECTELE SERVIIILOR

TURISTICE ASUPRA

CLTORIILORI VIEII

Conf.univ.dr. ENEA CONSTANTA.

Facultatea de tiine EconomiceUniversitatea Constantin Brncui,

Tg-Jiu, Gorj

Renumiii specialiti n economie i turism,Neal, J. D., M. J. Sirgy i M. Uysal n lucrarea Rolultimpului liber i satisfacia cltoriilor obinut prinserviciile de turism i experienele n satisfacie cu viaaliber liber i total life', Journal de Business Research

44a dezvoltat un model i o msur pentru a capturaefectul de serviciile de turism pe calitatea de cltorilor devia( QOL). They a emis ipoteze acei cltorilor completsatisfacia de via este satisfacia provenit din cudomeniile de via principale( e. G., Familie, ocupaie,sntate). Specifically, complet satisfacia de via este

provenite din dou surse de satisfacie, anume satisfaciecu non-timpul liber domeniile de via i satisfacia cuviaa liber liber. Satisfacie cu viaa liber liber estesatisfacia provenit din cu experienele libere liber careau loc acas i satisfacie cu experienele de turism devoiaj. Satisfacie cu rezultatele de experien deexperien de turism de voiaj de la satisfacie cu remrcile

de excursie cltorului( e. G., Ce cltor i amintete nceea ce privete a perceput fr control, a perceput frmunc, implicare, arousal, stpnire, i spontaneitate aluat contact cu n timpul excursiei) i satisfacie cuserviciile de turism de voiaj.Satisfacie cu serviciile de turism de voiaj au fost emiseipoteze suplimentare pentru a fi satisfacia provenit dincu aspectele de serviciu de fazele de turism de voiaj - pre-excursia serviciile, semiptrior-itinerarul face reparaiide ntreinere, destinaie face reparaii de ntreinere, intoarcere-excursia face reparaii de ntreinere. Modelula fost a a folosit un studiu de facultatea de universitate i

personalul. Modelul original a fost extins emitnd ipoteze

efectul de moderaie de lungime de edere. n mod

THE EFFECT OF TOURISM

SERVICES ON

TRAVELERS QUALITY OF

LIFE

PH. ENEA CONSTANTA

FACULTY OF SCIENCES

ECONOMIC

CONSTANTIN BRANCUSIUNIVERSITY OF TG-JIU,

ROMANIA

ABSTRACT.Neal, Sirgy and Uysal (1999) developed a

model and a measure to capture the effect of tourismservices on travelers quality of life (QOL). Theyhypothesized that travelers overall life satisfaction isderived from satisfaction with the primary life domains(e.g., family, job, health). Specifically, overall lifesatisfaction is derived from two sources of satisfaction,namely satisfaction with non-leisure life domains andsatisfaction with leisure life. Satisfaction with leisurelife is derived from satisfaction with leisure experiencesthat take place at home and satisfaction withtravel/tourism experiences. Satisfaction withtravel/tourism experiences results from satisfaction withtrip reflections of the traveler (e.g., what the travelerremembers regarding perceived freedom from control,

perceived freedom from work, involvement, arousal,mastery, and spontaneity experienced during the trip)and satisfaction with travel/tourism services.

Satisfaction with travel/tourism services washypothesized further to be derived from satisfactionwith the service aspects of travel/tourism phases pre-trip services, en-route services, destination services, andreturn-trip services. The model was tested using a studyof university faculty and staff. The original model wasextended by hypothesizing the moderation effect oflength of stay. Specifically, we hypothesized that therelationships in the model are likely to be more evidentin relation to travelers who have more time toexperience the tourism services than those who do not.A survey of 815 consumers of travel/tourism services

who reside in Southwest Virginia was conducted.


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special, noi am emis ipoteze relaiile de acel n modelsuntei posibil s s fii mai mult evident n legtur lacltori cine s s aib mai mult timp pentru a lua contactcu serviciile de turism dect acele cine nu. O inspectarede 815 consumatori de serviciile de turism de voiaj cine

s locuiasc n Southwest Virginia a fost dirijate.Pe msura ce au prezis, informaiile au confirmat acetiape msura ce au fondat n modelul original. Satisfacie cuturism face reparaii de ntreinere s influenezecltorilor QOL prin intermediare efectele de satisfaciecu experienele de turism de voiaj, i satisfacie cu viaaliber liber. Mai mult, moderare efectul de lungime deedere a fost confirmat cu informaiile. Pe scurt, acestrspunsul i studiul de extensie cu condiia sprijinul devalidare adiional msura de satisfacie de serviciu deturism original cu privire la Qol-related msoar.

Cuvintele cheii: Serviciile touristiq,

dezvoltare potenial, calitate de via.

Calitate de Life( QOL) are s fie examinatntr-o varietate de contexte.De exemplu, cercettorii diveri n trecui aufondat modurile numeroase n care pia,timpului liber, i cltoresc turism influeneazQOL. De exemplu, studii mai mai curnd auadresat rezultate n legtur cu abilitatea deturismul de voiaj la ambii s sporeasc i s

diminueze QOL de rezidenii locali ncomunitatea gazd( e. G., Gin, 1978; linton,williams i Shaw, 1988; jurowski i n alt

parte., 1997; n afara razei vizuale i n altparte., 1999), Pentru a contribui la satisfacialiber liber de cltori( e. G., Verzi glbui,1978; jeffres i Dobos, 1993; kousha iMohseni, 1997), pentru a mpiedica s potoliiQOL( e. G., Cleland, i pentru a spori QOL decltori( e. G., Neal i n alt parte., 1995; Neali n alt parte., 1997, Cel mai existnd studiile

de cercetare n legtur cu satisfacia de turisms s aib mprirea a crilor cu rezultate nceea ce privete temporale" formulare desatisfacia de consumator a provenit din oexperien de turism mai mult dect mai mult"ndurnd" formulare de satisfacie care are

potenial pentru a spori puul total-existencltorului( e. G., Dann, jurowski i n alt

parte., 1995; Verde glbui i n alt parte.,1990). De la sporii QOL de indivizi are s fielegai n cercetarea anterioare la multe beneficii

pozitive( incluznd nivelele mai mari de

As predicted, the data confirmed hypotheses asestablished in the original model. Satisfaction withtourism services affects travelers QOL through themediating effects of satisfaction with travel/tourismexperiences, and satisfaction with leisure life.

Furthermore, the moderating effect of length of stay wasconfirmed by the data. In sum, this replication andextension study provided additional validational supportof the original tourism services satisfaction measure inrelation to QOL-related measures.

Key words:services touristiq, potential

development, quality of l if e

Quality of Life (QOL) has beenexamined in a variety of contexts.

For instance, various researchers in the

past have established numerous ways in whichmarketing, leisure, and travel/tourism affectQOL. For example, earlier studies haveaddressed issues related to the ability oftravel/tourism to both enhance and diminishthe QOL of local residents in the hostcommunity (e.g., Cohen, 1978; Linton, 1987;Williams and Shaw, 1988; Jurowski et al.,1997; Perdue et al., 1999), to contribute to theleisure satisfaction of travelers (e.g., Kelly,1978; Jeffres and Dobos, 1993; Kousha and

Mohseni, 1997), to prevent abating the QOL(e.g., Cleland, 1998), and to enhance the QOLof travelers (e.g., Neal et al., 1995; Neal et al.,1997, 1999).

Most existing research studies relatedto tourism satisfaction have dealt with issuesregarding the temporal forms of consumersatisfaction derived from a tourism experiencerather than the more enduring forms ofsatisfaction that have the potential to enhancethe overall well-being of the traveler (e.g.,Dann, 1979; Jurowski et al., 1995; Kelly et al.,1990). Since enhancing the QOL ofindividuals has been linked in prior research tomany positive benefits (including greaterlevels of happiness, improved health,increased longevity, increased self-esteem,greater satisfaction with various aspects of life,and greater overall life satisfaction) (Diener,1984),

QOL studies in tourism should be

promoted. Neal, Sirgy and Uysal (1999) made


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fericire, a mbuntit sntate, a sporitlongevitate, a sporit de sine-stima satisfaciamai mare cu aspectele diverse de via, i viasatisfacia mai mare total)( Diener, 1984.

qol studieaz n turism s ar trebui s fiepromovat. Neal, Sirgy i Uysal( 1999) a fcut oncercare iniial pentru a dezvolta o msurinfluenei de satisfacie cu serviciile de turismlibere liber pe satisfacia de via total. Ei auemis ipoteze acei cltorilor complet satisfaciade via este satisfacia provenit din cudomeniile de via principale( e. G., Familie,ocupaie, sntate). Satisfaction cu picioarele dedomeniu de via principale de la satisfacie cuaspectele( sau componente) de fiecare domeniu

de via. Modelul ei au dezvoltat propui aceavia n general este provenite din dou surse:Satisfacie cu domeniile de via liber liberisatisfacia cu viaa liber liber. Modelul a pus nncurctur acea satisfacia cu viaa liber libereste satisfacia provenit din cu experienelelibere liber care au loc acas i satisfacie cuexperienele de turism de voiaj. Mai mult,satisfacie cu experienele de turism de voiaj aufost fcute teorii s rezulte din satisfacia curemrcile de excursie cltorului( e. G., Ce

cltor i amintete n ceea ce privete aperceput fr control, a perceput fr munc,implicare, arousal, stpnire, i spontaneitate aluat contact cu n timpul excursiei) i satisfaciecu serviciile de turism una de voiaj explicaie

posibil pentru non-a emis ipoteze constatri(faptul care satisfacia cu viaa liber liber aintermediat nu la tionship ntre satisfacie cuexperienele de turism de voiaj i satisfacia cuvia n general de asemenea pe msura cedirect efecte alte construiete pe satisfacie cuvia n general) este c unui efectul demoderaie posibil de lungime de edere. Noisuntem de prere c lungimea de edere esteextrem de important n examinnd rezultatelede turism de voiaj 1. Resturile de turist de h

pe vacan, mai multe prilejuri el sau ea vrea vatrebui va interaciona cu furnizorii de serviciude destinaie i experienele mai multe ladestinaie de voiaj n el sau ea este posibil s sangajeze. Pentru acel motiv, sentimentele de

satisfacie sau nemulumire a luat contact cu cu

an initial attempt to develop a measure of theimpact of satisfaction with leisure tourismservices on overall life satisfaction. Theyhypothesized that travelers overall life

satisfaction is derived from satisfaction withthe primary life domains (e.g., family, job,health). Satisfaction with the primary lifedomains stems from satisfaction with theaspects (or components) of each life domain.The model they developed proposed that lifein general is derived from two sources:satisfaction with nonleisure life domains andsatisfaction with leisure life. The model

posited that satisfaction with leisure life isderived from satisfaction with leisure

experiences that take place at home andsatisfaction with travel/tourism experiences.Furthermore, satisfaction with travel/tourismexperiences was theorized to result fromsatisfaction with trip reflections of the traveler(e.g., what the traveler remembers regarding

perceived freedom from control, perceivedfreedomfrom work, involvement, arousal, mastery, andspontaneity experienced during the trip) andsatisfaction with travel/tourism services.

One possible explanation for the non-hypothesized findings (the fact thatsatisfaction with leisure life did not mediatethe rela tionship between satisfaction withtravel/tourism experiences and satisfactionwith life in general as well as direct effects ofthe other constructs on satisfaction with life ingeneral) is that of a possible moderation effectof length of stay. We believe that the length ofstay is extremely important in examiningtravel/tourism issues[1]. The longer the touristremains on vacation, the more opportunities heor she will have to interact with destinationservice providers and the more experiences atthe travel destination in which he or she islikely to engage. For that reason, the feelingsof satisfaction or dissatisfaction experienced

by those staying longer periods of timeon theirvacations will likely be more intense than forthose stayingshorter periods of time. Therefore, we

hypothesize that the models relationships are


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acele edere perioadelor hului de timeonvacanele lor vor fi acceptabil mai mult intensedect pentru acele edere

perioadelor de timp schiei n consecin, noi

emitem ipoteze modelului relaiilor de acel esteposibil s s fie mai mult evidente pentrucltori cine s fie comis voiajor pentru

perioadele de h dect acele cu ederile deschi.n consecin, scopul studiul de studiului curenteste la suplimentar s dovedeasc nomological(

profetic) validitate msurii de satisfacie cu pre-excursia semiptriorul-itinerarul destinaia, intoarcere-excursia face reparaii de ntreineres testeze Neal i n alt parte.( 1999) Model.

Relaiile au implicat n modelul sunt articulat iabsolut uscat justificat n articol a publicat cu

Neal i n alt parte.( 1999). n consecin, noivom lua nu spaiul n aceast hrtie pentru adiscuta acele relaii n adncime.Relaiile de modelului sunt dup cum urmeaz:Satisfaction cu via n general este o funcie

pozitiv de satisfacie cu viaa liber liber isatisfacia cu non-timpul liber viaa( eu. E.,Satisfacie cu ocupaie, familie, sntate,relaiile, comunitate, i situaii financiare.

B) Satisfaction cu viaa liber liber este ofuncie pozitiv de satisfacie cu experienele deexcursie de turism de voiaj i cu experienelelibere liber acas.C) Satisfaction cu experienele de excursie deturism de voiaj este positivefunction desatisfacie cu remrcile de excursie i satisfaciacu serviciile de excursie de turism de voiaj.D) Satisfaction cu serviciile de excursie deturism de voiaj este o satisfacie pozitiv defunctionof cu aspectele de serviciu de fazele deturism de voiaj( eu. E., Pre-excursiesemiptrior-itinerar destinaie, i ntoarcere-excursia face reparaii de ntreinere.Studiul nostru curent de asemenea testeazexplicaia non-a emis ipoteze constatri Neal in alt parte.( 1999) Studiu cu privire la efectulde moderaie de lungime de edere. Noi emitemipoteze modelului relaiilor de acel este posibils s fie mai mult evidente pentru persoanelecare elibereaz un post cine s fie comis voiajor

pentru perioadele de h dect acele cu ederile

likely to be more evident for travelers whotravel for longer periods than those withshorter stays.

Therefore, the purpose of the current

study is to further substantiate the nomological(predictive) validity of the measure ofsatisfaction with pre-trip, en-route, destination,and return-trip services by testing the Neal etal. (1999) model. The relationships involved inthe model are articulated and theoretically

justified in the article published by Neal et al.(1999). Therefore, we will not take the spacein this paper to discuss those relationships indepth.

The models relationships are as

follows:A) Satisfaction with life in general is a

positive function of satisfaction with

leisure life and satisfaction with non-

leisure life (i.e., satisfaction with job,

family, health, relationships, community,

and financial situations.

B) Satisfaction with leisure life is a positivefunction of satisfaction with travel/tourism

trip experiences and with leisure

experiences at home.

C) Satisfaction with travel/tourism tripexperiences is a positivefunction of

satisfaction with trip reflections and

satisfaction with travel/tourism trip

services.

D) Satisfaction with travel/tourism tripservices is a positive functionof

satisfaction with the service aspects of

travel/tourism phases (i.e., pre-trip, en-

route, destination, and return-trip

services).

Our current study also tests theexplanation of the non-hypothesized findingsof the Neal et al. (1999) study in relation to themoderation effect of length of stay. Wehypothesize that the models relationships arelikely to be more evident for vacationers whotravel for longer periods than those withshorter stays. Accordingly, we introduce themoderation effect of length of stay interms ofthe following hypotheses:

E) The effect of satisfaction with leisure life


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de schi. Prin urmare, noi recomandm efectulde moderaie de lungime de edere intermsurmare acetia:E) efectul de satisfacie cu viaa liber liber pe

satisfacie cu via n general este moderat culungimea de s stea n cas efectul de acel esteposibil s s fie mai mult evident pentru aceleedere nopilor mai multe dect pentru aceleedere nopilor eucaliptului pe excursie.F) efectul de satisfacie cu experienele deturism de voiaj pe satisfacie cu viaa liberliber este moderat cu lungimea de s stea ncas efectul de acel este posibil s s fie maimult evident pentru acele edere nopilor maimulte dect pentru acele edere nopilor

eucaliptului pe excursie.G) efectul de satisfacie cu serviciile de turismde voiaj pe satisfacie cu experienele de turismde voiaj este moderate cu lungimea de s stea ncas efectul de acel este posibil s s fie maimult evident pentru acele edere nopilor maimulte dect pentru acele edere nopiloreucaliptului pe excursie.H) efectul, de satisfacie cu remrcile deexcursie pe satisfacie cu experienele de turismde voiaj este moderate cu lungimea de s stea n

cas efectul de acel este posibil s s fie maimult evident pentru acele edere nopilor maimulte dect pentru acele edere nopiloreucaliptului pe excursie.Eu) efectul de satisfacie cu aspectele deserviciu de fazele de turism de voiaj pesatisfacie cu serviciile de turism de voiaj estemoderate cu lungimea de s stea n cas efectulde acel este posibil s s fie mai mult evident

pentru acele edere nopilor mai multe dectpentru acele edere nopilor eucaliptului peexcursie.De sine-administrat un chestionar deinspectare( compunere din o brour dechestionar eightpage i nsoind o scrisoare deintenie) a fost expediat prin pot la 2000consumatorii maturi de serviciile de turism devoiaj cine s locuiasc n Southwest Virginia,USA. Proba prin sondaj a fost obinut prinfurnizorul de serviciu de list de adrese deadrese. Rspunsul total a fost 47. 69( reclamaii

826 826 de). 2 Eleven( au ntors chestionare au

on satisfaction with life in general ismoderated by the length of stay in that theeffect is likely to be more evident for those

staying more nightsthan for those staying

fewer nights on the trip.F) The effect of satisfaction withtravel/tourism experiences onsatisfactionwith leisure life is moderated by the length

of stay in that the effect is likely to bemore evident for those stayingmore nightsthan for those staying fewer nights on the

trip.G) The effect of satisfaction with

travel/tourism services on satisfactionwith travel/tourism experiences is

moderated by thelength of stay in that theeffect is likely to be more evident forthose

staying more nights than for those staying

fewer nightson the trip.H) The effect, of satisfaction with trip

reflections on satisfaction withtravel/tourism experiences is moderated

by the length ofstay in that the effect islikely to be more evident for thosestayingmore nights than for those staying fewer

nights on thetrip.

I) The effect of satisfaction with the serviceaspects of travel/ tourism phases on

satisfaction with travel/tourism services ismoderated by the length of stay in that the

effect is likely tobe more evident for thosestaying more nights than for thosestayingfewer nights on the trip.

A self-administered surveyquestionnaire (consisting of an eightpagequestionnaire booklet and accompanyingcover letter) was mailed to 2000 adultconsumers of travel/tourism services whoreside in Southwest Virginia, USA. Therandom sample was obtained via a mailing listservice provider. The overall response ratewas 47.69% (826 respondents).2 Eleven (11)of the returned questionnaires were eliminatedas the data were being coded because theywere returned blank or only partiallycompleted. After eliminating the unusableresponses, eight hundred and fifteen (815)

responses were coded and used for data


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fost eliminate ca informaii au fost au codificatdin cauza ei au fost ntori goli sau numai

parial complei. Dup ce eliminndrspunsurile opt sut inutilizabile i cinsprezece

815) rspunsurile au fost codificate i folositepentru analizele de informaie.Cu privire la el a fost postulat acea satisfaciecu via general este o funcie pozitiv desatisfacie cu viaa liber liber i satisfacia cunon-timpul liber viaa( eu. E., Ocupaie,familie, sntate, relaiile, comunitate, situaiefinanciar). rezultatele LISRELanalysispartially sprijinite acest ipoteze.Satisfacia de via a fost a gsit s fiesemnificativ prezis cu non-timpul liber

satisfacia.Mai mult, indecii de modificare au sugerat maimult influen direct de serviciile de turismde voiaj i cltoresc experienele de turism pevia n general dect a fost emis ipoteze.Aceeai a fost adevrat pentru legtur ntresatisfacie cu aspectele de serviciu de fazele deturism de voiaj la viaa n general, dei aceastrelaia a fost nu ca dou alt.Aceste rezultate sunt consecvente cu rezultatelestudiului a dirijat cu Neal i n alt parte.(

1999). n studiul lor, satisfacie cu via ngeneral a fost relatat s fie semnificativ preziscu non-timpul liber satisfacia i cu viaa liberliber( Neal i n alt parte., 1999). Oricum, dupce revizuirile au sugerat cu indecii demodificare au fost au fcut i o analize al doileaLISREL au fost executate, legtura ntresatisfacie cu non-timpul liber viaa i viaa ngeneral rmas semnificativ, dar relaia ntrevia n general i satisfacie cu viaa liber libers devin semnificativ, pe msura ce n studiul

prezent.Cu privire la B) a exprimat clar acea satisfaciecu viaa liber liber este o funcie pozitiv desatisfacie cu experienele libere liber acas isatisfacie cu experienele de excursie de turismde voiaj. Acest ipoteze au fost parial ausprijinit cu analizele LISREL. Satisfacie cuviaa liber liber a fost semnificativ a prezis cusatisfacie cu experienele libere liber acas.Optzeci dou 82) la sut dezacordului n viaa

liber liber a fost explicat cu aceste variabile.

analysis.In relation to A), it was postulated that

satisfaction with life ingeneral is a positivefunction of satisfaction with leisure life and

satisfaction with non-leisure life (i.e., job,family, health, relationships,community,financial situation). The results of the LISRELanalysispartially supported this hypothesis.Life satisfaction was found to be significantly

predicted by non-leisure satisfactionFurthermore, the modification indices

suggested a more direct influence oftravel/tourism services and travel/tourismexperiences on life in general than washypothesized. The same was true for the link

between satisfaction with service aspects oftravel/tourism phases to life in general,although this relationship was not as strong asthe other two.

These results are consistent with theresults of the study conducted by Neal et al.(1999). In their study, satisfaction with life ingeneral was reported to be significantly

predicted by non-leisure satisfaction and byleisure life (Neal et al., 1999). However, afterthe revisions suggested by the modification

indices were made and a second LISRELanalysis was performed, the link betweensatisfaction with non-leisure life and life ingeneral remained significant, but therelationship between life in general andsatisfaction with leisure life becamenonsignificant, as in the present study.

In relation to B) stated that satisfactionwith leisure life is a positive function ofsatisfaction with leisure experiences at homeand satisfaction with travel/tourism tripexperiences. This hypothesis was partiallysupported by the LISREL analysis.Satisfaction with leisure life was significantly

predicted by satisfaction with leisureexperiences at home. Eighty-two (82) percentof the variance in leisure life was explained bythese variables. Once again, these results weresimilar to those of the Neal et al. (1999) study.Satisfaction with leisure experiences at homewas shown to significantly predict leisure life,

although satisfaction with travel/tourism


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nc o dat, aceste rezultate au fostasemntoare cu acele Neal i n alt parte.(1999) Studiu. Satisfacie cu timpul liber a fostacas artat semnificativ s prezic viaa liber

liber, dei satisfacie cu experienele de turismde voiaj au fost nu au artat semnificativ sprezic viaa liber liber.Cu privire la C) statele care satisfacia cuexperienele de excursie de turism de voiaj esteo funcie pozitiv de satisfacie cu remrcile deexcursie i satisfacia cu serviciile de excursiede turism de voiaj. Acest ipoteze au fostcomplet au sprijinit cu informaiile. Care este,analizele LISREL au nvrednicit sdemonstreze acea satisfacia cu experienele de

turism de voiaj este prezise cu satisfacie cuserviciile de turism de voiaj i cu satisfacie curemrcile de excursie. Dou aceste variabilereunit dezacordului justificat 54 n experienelede turism de voiaj. Aceste constatri au fostfoarte consecvente cu constatrile de Neal,Sirgy i Uysal( 1999.cu privire la D) satisfacia cu serviciile deexcursie de turism de voiaj este o funcie

pozitiv de satisfacie cu aspectele de serviciude fazele de turism de voiaj( eu. E., Pre-

excursie semiptrior-itinerar destinaie, intoarcere-excursia face reparaii dentreinere). ipotezele This au fost complet ausprijinit cu informaiile. Analizele LISREL auindicat acea satisfacia cu serviciile de turismde voiaj au fost semnificativ au prezis cusatisfacie cu aspectele de fazele de turism devoiaj. Satisfacie cu aspectele de fazele deturism de voiaj dezacordului justificat 87 nsatisfacie cu serviciile de turism de voiaj.Aceste constatri au fost de asemenea foarteasemntor cu studiul original cu Neal i n alt

parte.( 1999.Cu privire la E), F), G), H), eu) a ocupat deefectul de moderaie de lungime de edere.Lungime de edere a fost msurat urmarentrebarea:" Nopi cte dvs ai continuat sfuncioneze excursia dvs?" Reclamai cine aindicat ei au stat 6 sau nopile de eucalipt a fostdat grupul jos( 1), pe cnd acei cine a nregistratederea 7 sau nopi mai multe au fost numite n

grupul nalt( 2). informaiile au fost dup aceea

experiences was not shown to significantlypredict leisure life.In relation to C) states that satisfaction withtravel/tourism trip experiences is a positive

function of satisfaction with trip reflectionsand satisfaction with travel/tourism tripservices. This hypothesis was fully supported

by the data. That is, the LISREL analysis wasable to demonstrate that satisfaction withtravel/tourism experiences is predicted bysatisfaction with travel/tourism services and

by satisfaction with trip reflections. These twovariables jointly accounted for 54% of thevariance in travel/tourism experiences. Thesefindings were very consistent with the findings

of Neal, Sirgy and Uysal (1999).In relation to D) states satisfaction with

travel/tourism trip services is a positivefunction of satisfaction with the serviceaspects of travel/tourism phases (i.e., pre-trip,en-route, destination, and return-trip services).This hypothesis was fully supported by thedata. The LISREL analysis indicated thatsatisfaction with travel/tourism services wassignificantly predicted by satisfaction with theaspects of travel/tourism phases. Satisfaction

with the aspects of travel/tourism phasesaccounted for 87% of the variance insatisfaction with travel/tourism services. Thesefindings were also very similar to the originalstudy by Neal et al. (1999).

In relation to E), F), G), H), I) dealtwith the moderation effect of length of stay.Length of stay was measured by the followingquestion: How many nights did you stay onyour trip? Respondents who indicated theystayed 6 or fewer nights were assigned to lowgroup (1), whereas those who recorded staying7 or more nights were placed into the highgroup (2). The data were then split based onthe two groups and LISREL analyses wereconducted for each group and comparing thetwo groups.

In relation to E) states that the effect ofsatisfaction with leisure life on satisfactionwith life in general is moderated by the lengthof stay in that the effect is likely to be more

evident for those staying more nights than for


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au au despicat grupuri bazate pe dou ianalizele LISREL au fost dirijate pentru fiecaregrup i comparnd dou grupuri.Cu privire la E) statele care efectul de

satisfacie cu viaa liber liber pe satisfacie cuvia n general este moderat cu lungimea des stea n cas efectul de acel este posibil s sfie mai mult evident pentru acele ederenopilor mai multe dect pentru acele ederenopilor eucaliptului pe excursie. Testul dediferen a indicat relaia de acelui ntre viaaliber liberi viaa n general este moderat culungimea de edere cltorului. Mai mult nmod special, coeficienii standardizai indicacei exist diferenele semnificative n

consideraie la aceast relaie ntre joase igrupurile nalte. Pentru acele cine a stat asesau nopile de eucalipt pe excursie, satisfaciecu viaa liber liber a avut un efect negativ pesatisfacie cu via n general; Pe cnd, pentruacele cine a stat apte mai mult de noaptesatisfacia cu viaa liber liber a avut un efect

pozitiv pe satisfacie cu via n general. n altcu alte cuvinte, pentru cltori cine numai state6 sau nopile de eucalipt, satisfacie cu viaaliber liber satisfacia diminuat lor cu via n

general( eu. E., Ei au fost acceptabilnemulumii cu viaa timpului liber lor).cltorii For cine a stat 7 sau nopi mai multe,satisfacie cu viaa liber liber satisfacia sporitcu via n general( eu. E., Ei au fost probabilsatisfcui cu viaa timpului liber lor.Cu privire la F) statele care efectul desatisfacie cu experienele de turism de voiaj pesatisfacie cu viaa liber liber este moderat culungimea de s stea n cas efectul de acel este

posibil s s fie mai mult evident pentru aceleedere nopilor mai multe dect pentru aceleedere nopilor eucaliptului pe excursie.Moderare un efect de lungime de edere a fostde asemenea a detectat pentru relaie ntresatisfacie cu experienele de turism de voiaj isatisfacia cu viaa liber liber. Examinare astandardizat coeficieni indic c pentru aceicine a cheltuit 6 sau nopile de eucalipt peexcursiile lor, un efect negativ a fost prezent i

pentru acei cine a cheltuit 7 sau nopi mai multe

pe excursiile lor, un efect pozitiv a fost

those staying fewer nights on the trip. Thedifference test indicated that the relationship

between leisure life and life in general ismoderated by the length of stay of the traveler.

More specifically, the standardizedcoefficients indicate that there are significantdifferences in regard to this relationship

between the low and high groups. For thosewho stayed six or fewer nights on the trip,satisfaction with leisure life had a negativeeffect on satisfaction with life in general;whereas, for those who stayed seven morenights satisfaction with leisure life had a

positive effect on satisfaction with life ingeneral. In other words, for the travelers who

only stayed 6 or fewer nights, satisfaction withleisure life diminished their satisfaction withlife in general (i.e., they were likelydissatisfied with their leisure life). For thetravelers who stayed 7 or more nights,satisfaction with leisure life enhancedsatisfaction with life in general (i.e., they were

probably satisfied with their leisure life).In relation to F) states that the effect of

satisfaction with travel/tourism experiences onsatisfaction with leisure life is moderated by

the length of stay in that the effect is likely tobe more evident for those staying more nightsthan for those staying fewer nights on the trip.A moderating effect of length of stay was alsodetected for the relationship betweensatisfaction with travel/tourism experiencesand satisfaction with leisure life. Examinationof the standardized coefficients indicates thatfor those who spent 6 or fewer nights on theirtrips, a negative effect was present and forthose who spent 7 or more nights on theirtrips, a positive effect was demonstrated.

On the one hand, this signifies that forthose who spent 6 or fewer nights on the trip,satisfaction with travel/tourism experienceslessened their satisfaction with satisfactionwith leisure life (i.e., they were presumablydissatisfied with their travel/tourismexperiences). On the other hand, this indicatesthat for those who spent 7 or more nights ontheir trip, satisfaction with travel/tourism

experiences increased their satisfaction with


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demonstrat.Pe mna de cel, aceast nseamn c pentruacele cine a cheltuit 6 sau nopile de eucalipt peexcursie, satisfacie cu experienele de turism

de voiaj satisfacia micorat lor cu satisfaciecu viaa liber liber( eu. E., Ei au fost predictibilnemulumii cu experienele de turism decltorie lor). On pe de alt parte, acest indicc pentru acele cine a cheltuit 7 sau nopi maimulte pe excursia lor, satisfacie cu experienelede turism de voiaj satisfacia sporit lor cu viaaliber liber( eu. E., Ei au fost aparentsatisfcui cu experienele de turism de cltorielor.Cu privire la G) exprim clar efectul de

satisfacie cu serviciile de turism de voiaj pesatisfacie cu experienele de turism de voiajeste moderate cu lungimea de s stea n casefectul de acel este posibil s s fie mai multevident pentru acele edere nopilor mai multedect pentru acele edere nopilor eucaliptului

pe excursie. Rezultatele testele de diferenei auindicat lungimea de acelui de edere a schimbatnu relaia ntre satisfacie cu serviciile de turismde voiaj pe satisfacie cu experienele de turismde voiaj. Deci, nici o moderaie a fost detectat

pentru aceast relaie.Cu privire la H) statele care efectul de remrcilede excursie pe satisfacie cu experienele deturism de voiaj este moderate cu lungimea de sstea n cas efectul de acel este posibil s s fiemai mult evident pentru acele edere nopilormai multe dect pentru acele edere nopiloreucaliptului pe excursie. Analizele au indicatacel nici un efect de moderator au fost prezent

pentru relaie ntre satisfacie cu remrcile deexcursie i satisfacia cu experienele de turismde voiaj.Cu privire la mine) statele care efectul desatisfacie cu aspectele de serviciu de fazele deturism de voiaj pe satisfacie cu serviciile deturism de voiaj este moderate cu lungimea de sstea n cas efectul de acel este posibil s s fiemai mult evident pentru acele edere nopilormai multe dect pentru acele edere nopiloreucaliptului pe excursie. Nici o moderaie sefectueze s fii detectat pentru relaie ntre

satisfacie cu aspectele de serviciu de fazele de

leisure life (i.e., they were apparentlysatisfied with their travel/tourismexperiences).

In relation to G) states the effect of

satisfaction with travel/tourism services onsatisfaction with travel/tourism experiences ismoderated by the length of stay in that theeffect is likely to be more evident for thosestaying more nights than for those stayingfewer nights on the trip. The results of thedifference tests indicated that the length ofstay did not change the relationship betweensatisfaction with travel/tourism services onsatisfaction with travel/tourism experiences.Ergo, no moderation effect was detected for

this relationship.In relation to H) states that the effect of

trip reflections on satisfaction withtravel/tourism experiences is moderated by thelength of stay in that the effect is likely to bemore evident for those staying more nightsthan for those staying fewer nights on the trip.The analyses indicated that no moderatoreffect was present for the relationship betweensatisfaction with trip reflections andsatisfaction with travel/tourism experiences.

In relation to I) states that the effect ofsatisfaction with the service aspects oftravel/tourism phases on satisfaction withtravel/tourism services is moderated by thelength of stay in that the effect is likely to bemore evident for those staying more nightsthan for those staying fewer nights on the trip.

No moderation effect was detected for therelationship between satisfaction with theservice aspects of travel/tourism phases andsatisfaction with travel/tourism services.

CONCLUSIONThis study built on previous research

that has demonstrated the link betweensatisfaction with leisure life and satisfactionwith life in general. This study was areplication and extension research of a studythat attempted to develop a measurementinstrument that could be used bytravel/tourism industry professionals

periodically to gauge the health of the industry

in relation to enhancing the travelers QOL


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turism de voiaj i satisfacia cu serviciile deturism de voiaj.Concluzieacest studiul a construit pe cercetarea anterioare

care a demonstrat legtura ntre satisfacie cuviaa liber liber i satisfacia cu via ngeneral. Acest studiul a fost un rspuns i ocercetare de extensie unei un studiu care ancercat s dezvolte o msurtoare sinstrumenteze acea s s ntrebuineze cu

profesionitii de industrie de turism de voiaj nmod periodic pentru a msura sntateaindustriei cu privire la sporind cltorilor QOL(

Neal i n alt parte., 1999). Rezultatelefondeaz efectul structural de multe aspecte de

timpul liber s cltoreasc turismul pe viaaliber liber i satisfacia de via total. Multeconstatri 1999 studiului au fost validat n aceststudiu. Moderaia efectueaz lungimii de edere

pe relaii n acest model a fost testat pentruprimul timp n acest studiu.Munca curent demonstrat acea via ngeneral este influenat( ori direct sau sistemulcu reglare indirect) cu domeniile de vialibere liber, satisfacie cu experienele de turismde voiaj, remrcile de excursie( eu. E., Au

perceput fr s controleze, perceput frlucrai, implicare, arousal, stpnire, ispontaneitate), satisfacie cu serviciile de turismde voiaj, i satisfacie cu aspectele de serviciude fazele de turism de voiaj( eu. E., Excursieface reparaii de ntreinere, n drum facereparaii de ntreinere, destinaie face reparaiide ntreinere, i excursia de ntoarcere facereparaii de ntreinere). We n plus stabilitacel turism de voiaj influeneaz via ngeneral.Oricum, n modelul modificat relatat cu autorii,calea ntre satisfacie cu experienele de turismde voiaj i satisfacia cu viaa liber liber n plusla cale de la satisfacie cu viaa liber liber isatisfacia cu via n general s devinsemnificativ ca model a fost sporit. Acest afost neconsecvent cu un corp de s cercetezeacel a fondat acele influene de via libere libercomplet satisfacia de via( vedei, deexemplu, Andrews i Withey, 1976; tvlugul

Campbell i n alt parte., 1976). Poziia noastr

(Neal et al., 1999). The results establish thestructural effect of many aspects of leisuretravel/tourism on leisure life and overall lifesatisfaction. Many of the findings of the 1999

study were validated in this study. Themoderation effects of the length of stay on therelationships in this model were tested for thefirst time in this study.

The current work demonstrated thatlife in general is influenced (either directly orindirectly) by nonleisure life domains,satisfaction with travel/tourism experiences,trip reflections (i.e., perceived freedom fromcontrol, perceived freedom from work,involvement, arousal, mastery, and

spontaneity), satisfaction with travel/tourismservices, and satisfaction with the serviceaspects of travel/tourism phases (i.e., pretripservices, en route services, destinationservices, and return trip services). We furtherestablished that travel/tourism affects life ingeneral.

However, in the modified modelreported by the authors, the path betweensatisfaction with travel/tourism experiencesand satisfaction with leisure life in addition to

the path from satisfaction with leisure life andsatisfaction with life in general becamenonsignificant as the model fit was increased.This finding was inconsistent with a body ofresearch that has established that leisure lifeimpacts overall life satisfaction (see, forexample, Andrews and Withey, 1976;Campbell et al., 1976). Our position in thisstudy is that the non-hypothesized findings(the fact that satisfaction with leisure life didnot mediate the relationship betweensatisfaction with travel/tourism experiencesand satisfaction with life in general as well asdirect effects of the other constructs onsatisfaction with life in general) may be due toa possible moderation effect of lengthof stay.We argued that the longer the tourist remainson vacation, the more opportunities he or shewill have to interact with destination service

providers and the more experiences at thetravel destination in which he or she is likely

to engage. For that reason, the feelings of


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n acest studiu este c non-a emis ipotezeconstatri( faptul care satisfacia cu viaa liberliber a intermediat nu relaia ntre satisfacie cuexperienele de turism de voiaj i satisfacia cu

via n general de asemenea pe msura cedirect efecte alte construiete pe satisfacie cuvia n general) mai s trebuiasc s un efectde moderaie posibil de lungime de edere. Noiam argumentat hul turistul resturile de acel pevacan, mai multe prilejuri el sau ea vrea vatrebui va interaciona cu furnizorii de serviciude destinaie i experienele mai multe ladestinaie de voiaj n el sau ea este posibil s sangajeze. Pentru acel motiv, sentimentele desatisfacie sau nemulumire a luat contact cu cu

acele edere perioadelor de timp hului pevacanele lor s ar trebui s fie mai mult intensedect pentru acele edere perioadelor de timpschiei n consecin, noi am extins modelulemitnd ipoteze modelului relaiilor de acel este

posibil s s fie mai mult evidente pentrucltori cine s fie comis voiajor pentru

perioadele de h dect acele cu ederile deschi. Acest studiul cu condiia sprijinul clar

pentru efectul de moderaie de lungime deedere. Astfel, noi am nvrednicit s

demonstrm moderaia efectul de acel este ntr-adevr cile rspunztoare de semnificativerelatate de la satisfacie cu experienele deturism de voiaj la satisfacia cu viaa liber liberi satisfacia cu viaa liber liber la satisfacia cuvia n general n Neal i n alt parte. Studiu istudiul prezent.Moderaia singur alt efectueaz detectat

pentru lungime de edere este n consideraie larelaie ntre satisfacie cu experienele libereliber acas i satisfacie cu viaa liber liber.Acest efect a fost nu la origine a emis ipoteze,dar surprinde nu din cauza satisfaciei cuexperienele libere liber acas din punct devedere logic s contribuie mai multe lasatisfacie cu viaa liber liber pentru acelecheltuind vacana orei de ncepere mai puindect pentru acele cheltuind mai mult timp, carezultate s indice.Informaiile au fost strnse n tradiie de studiilede turism cele mai multe, de la indivizi locuind

n una regiune de una ar( eu. E., USA).

satisfaction or dissatisfaction experienced bythose staying longer periods of time on theirvacations should be more intense than forthose staying shorter periods of time.

Therefore, we extended the model byhypothesizing that the models relationshipsare likely to be more evidentfor travelers whotravel for longer periods than those withshorter stays. This study provided clearsupport for the moderation effect of length ofstay. Thus, we were able to demonstrate thatthe moderation effect is indeed responsible forthe nonsignificant paths reported fromsatisfaction with travel/tourism experiences tosatisfaction with leisure life and satisfaction

with leisure life to satisfaction with life ingeneral in the Neal et al. study and the presentstudy.

The only other moderation effectdetected for the length of stay is in regard tothe relationship between satisfaction withleisure experiences at home and satisfactionwith leisure life. This effect was not originallyhypothesized, but is not surprising becausesatisfaction with leisure experiences at homewould logically contribute more to the

satisfaction with leisure life for those spendingless time on vacation than for those spendingmore time, as the results indicate.

The data were collected in the traditionof most tourism studies, from individualsresiding in one region of one country (i.e., theUSA). Although the demographic profiles areconsistent with the traveling population atlarge based on comparisons with otherdomestically conducted tourism studies,ideally, we would like to further validate thegeneralizability of the model by conducting anational survey in the USA with themeasurement instrument. Additionally,eventually testing the model in an internationalarena would assist us in determining itsapplication to travelers from various regions ofthe world and in understanding how leisuretravel can enhance the QOL of a myriad oftourists.

REFERENCES


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schiele Although demografice suntconsecvente cu cltorire populaia n detaliucomparisonile bazate pe cu alte domesticallystudiile de turism dirijate, n mod ideal, nou s

ne plac la suplimentari s validm degeneralizability modelului dirijnd o inspectarenaional n USA cu msurtoarea sinstrumenteze. n plus, n cele din urm testndmodelul ntr-o aren internaional s participela s determine aplicaie de lui la cltorii de laregiunile lumii diverse i n puterea denelegere cum timpul liber s cltoreasc s

poat s sporeasc QOL unei miriad de turiti.Referirile 1. Dann, G. M. S.: 'tourist satisfacie:Extrem de complex variable', Annals de

Tourism Research 4, pp. Jurowski, C.: Joculcombinat de elemente influennd atitudinile derezident de comunitate gazd gazd spreturism: Un acces de cale analitic( DoctoralDissertation),( Virginia Polytechnic Institute iState University, Blacksburg, Virginia).3. jurowski, C., M. Uysal i D. R. Williams:Analizele 'A teoretice de reaciile de rezident decomunitate gazd gazd la tourism', Journal deTravel Research 36( 2), pp. Neal, J. D., M. J.Sirgy i M. Uysal: 'the rol de satisfacie cu

timpul liber s cltoreasc serviciile de turismi experienele n satisfacie cu viaa liber liberi total life', Journal de Business Research 44(3), pp. Neal, J. D., M. J. Sirgy i M. Uysal:'satisfaction cu aspectele diverse de cltorie,turism, timpul liber, i via: Diferenele ntreallocentrics i psychocentrics', n H. L. Pajite(ed.), Dezvoltri n Quality-of-life Studies:Dezbaterile First Conference InternationalSociety de Quality-of-life Studies, Vol. 1(Internaionale Society pentru Quality-of-lifeStudies, Blacksburg, Virginia), p. n afara razeivizuale, R. R., P. T. De mult i Y. S. Kang:'boomtown turism i calitate localnic de via:Piaa de a juca la de comunitate rezidenilor,gazd Journal de Business Research 44( 3), pp.Williams i G. Fierar( eds.), Turism iEconomic Development: Vestic EuropeanExperiences( Belhaven Press, Londonez).

1. Dann, G.M.S.: 1979, Tourist satisfaction:A highly complex variable, Annals ofTourism Research 4, pp. 110113.

2. Jurowski, C.: 1994, The interplay ofelements affecting host communityresident attitudes toward tourism: A pathanalytic approach (Doctoral Dissertation),(Virginia Polytechnic Institute and StateUniversity, Blacksburg, Virginia).

3. Jurowski, C., M. Uysal and D.R.Williams: 1997, A theoretical analysis ofhost community resident reactions totourism, Journal of Travel Research36(2), pp. 311.

4. Neal, J.D., M.J. Sirgy and M. Uysal: 1999,The role of satisfaction with leisuretravel/tourism services and experiences insatisfaction with leisure life and overalllife, Journal of Business Research 44(3),

pp. 153164.5. Neal, J.D., M.J. Sirgy and M. Uysal: 1997,

Satisfaction with various aspects oftravel, tourism, leisure, and life:Differences between allocentrics and

psychocentrics, in H.L. Meadow (ed.),Developments in Quality-of-Life Studies:

Proceedings of the First Conference of theInternational Society of Quality-of-LifeStudies, Vol. 1 (International Society forQuality-of-Life Studies, Blacksburg,Virginia), p. 62.

6. Perdue, R.R., P.T. Long and Y.S. Kang:1999, Boomtown tourism and residentquality of life: The marketing of gamingto host community residents, Journal ofBusiness Research 44(3), pp. 165178.

7. Williams and G. Smith (eds.), Tourismand Economic Development: WesternEuropean Experiences (Belhaven Press,London).

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