de la cantemir mârza la constantin cantemir. unele observaţii preliminare

8/9/2019 De la Cantemir mârza la Constantin Cantemir. Unele observaţii preliminare

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Oeg fkck rkcdtdtk ok F. îraerimkgktuc dr rkekře fĆ gkmustiree çg fduzĆ gu sk

çgtìcgkdu fu gihdzee cd pipdsureck cir ok cd mureck Geprucue, Gestrucue ře d ugue‗pìrĆu Dcl‘, doefĆ ugokvd çg dpripekrkd rìucue VĆrdtd. ^reg urhdrk, cd he`cifucskficucue dc R-ckd, cd suouc spdŦeucue oegtrk ^rut ře Gestru sk dacd ug guhĆr ok pk-fkgkme, fdrk gu resfdu sĆ trkdfĆ pkstk ugkck ldrekrk gdturdck dck lrdŦkcir OugĆreeře, pidtk, dck Qdcucue _rdedg ok @is. Gihdzee okvkgkdu hde çgorĆzgkŦe oidr dtugfefìgo pk hdcuc OugĆree dpĆrkd mrisuc pkfkgkmecir, fdrk sk dacd çg stìgmd Geprucue.

Dtugfe gihdzee okvkgkdu pkrefuciře gu guhde pkgtru pipucdŦed oeg Ldcfdge, fe řepkgtru dfkd ok cd girouc OugĆree, secego-i sĆ ck adfĆ odrure. Dfkstk odrure skhgeae-fdu ře i oihegdŦek picetefĆ skhgdcdtĆ ok Figstdgteg îraerimkgktuc, fdrk hkgŦe-igd fĆ preg ^dtzegdjed (^kfkgkmed) kxtegsĆ ok cd Oig pìgĆ cd Vecestrd furmkdu rì-ureck Gestru, ^rut ře Verkt 44. Oeg rkcdtĆreck cue F. îraerimkgktuc hde rkeksk fĆ pregpĆrŦeck gidstrk sk dacdu oiuĆ trelure0 uguc cd mureck OugĆree ře dctuc ‖ preg dpripe-krkd LrĆecke ok hde tìrzeu.

Çg 5=4 LezdgŦuc d fufkret Lucmdred, dùgmìgo pìgĆ cd mureck OugĆree. Vk stdlecksfdguhetk rkcdŦee kfigihefk ře picetefk fu rihìgee oeg girouc OugĆree. \ihìgee oeg spd-

Ŧeuc Fdrpdti-Gestrkdg sk dacdu çg rkcdŦee picetefk ře fu pkfkgkmee, pdrtefepìgo cd fdhpd-gee hecetdrk fihugk. Çg 4>45 Vvedtipicj, prktkgokgtuc cd triguc oeg Jekv, d dpkcdt cddùtiruc hecetdr dc turfecir (pkfkgkmecir) ře vcdbecir (rihìgecir)4?2-4>?5 trelureck cue _erdfb du trkfut Ou-gĆrkd, aeego pcdsdŦe ok dohegestrdŦed LezdgtegĆ çg pdrtkd ok dpus d Lucmdreke. Çg tehpuc cuptkcir oeg hkoeuc pkfkgkmecir, i pdrtk oeg rihìgee dřkzdŦe çg

zigkck ok fìhpek s-du stdlecet çg zigkck akretk ok pkrefick, ugok du çgfkput sĆspirkdsfĆ guhĆruc pipucdŦeke. Vprk kxkhpcu, çg dc oieckd sakrt dc skficucue dc RE-ckd d spiret guhĆruc cifuegŦkcir oeg dřkzdrk rihìgkdsfĆ Bdgsfd oeg Fiore. Hdì-retdtkd pipucdŦeke i figstetuedu rihìgee, çgsĆ dpdr ře ugkck adhecee ok turdgefe fdrktrĆedu çg cifuegŦk ok airhĆ ferfucdrĆ (eurtĆ)46. Dfkstk adhecee, fdrk sk oktdřdu ok

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Figstdgteg îraerimkgktuc, ip. fet., p. 45.44 Q. Vpegke, \kdcetĆŦe kgtefk ře picetefk…, p. 16.4 de skficucue dc RER -ckd, FbeřegĆu, 4552, p. 65.46

Mb. ̂ istefĆ, \ihìgee oeg Fioree Hicoivke çg kvuc hkoeu tehpureu, FbeřegĆu, 455?, p. 46-4;.


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;;. ÇgsĆ, sul prkseugkd fuhdgecir, çg 4>1? uzee sk rkaumedzĆ çg

Ldcfdge ire çg pregfepdtuc Jekvkdg ře dctk airhdŦeuge stdtdck scdvk. [zee oeg Ldcfdgedu doiptdt rkcemed irtioixĆ, s-du supus dohegestrdŦeke lezdgtegk, çg ldzd cir air-hìgou-sk uctkreir pipiruc mĆmĆuz.

Çg ldzeguc rìucue Gepru sk egstdckdzĆ fuhdgee, skhgdcdŦe defe çg 4>;;. Çg4>12 fuhdgee ilŦeg veftirek dsuprd ruřecir, fdrk ck-d dsemurdt oihegdŦed uguespdŦeu vdst ok cd Hdrkd Drdc pìgĆ cd OugĆrkd ok @is. Çg dfkcdře dg fuhdgee dukakftudt i fdhpdgek çg _rdgsecvdged, çgsĆ, cd çgtidrfkrk fu prdoĆ ke du suakret çg-arìgmkrk. Fd ře çg fduzd pkfkgkmecir, pipucdŦed turdgefĆ cd OugĆrkd ok @is sk dacdoidr çg dpripekrkd okctke rìucue ře cd murd rìucue Verkt (fìhped LĆrĆmdg). Dfkstk

kgfcdvk ok gihdze kvetdu figarugtĆre fu pipucdŦed cifdcĆ. Hebdec Veredgu hkg-Ŧeigd fĆ ug mrup ok fuhdge s-dr ae stdlecet cd bitdruc Ehpkreucue mrkfecir, ugok s-d‗dcĆturdt pipirucue frkřteg‘ ok dfici. Dfkřte frkřtege cifuedu çg ‗Ŭdrd Qcdbecir‘hkgŦeigdtĆ ok Imuzgdhk.

^rkzkgŦd fuhdgecir çg suo-kstuc kuripkdg sk adfk sehŦetĆ çg ckmĆturd futuclurĆreck fdrk du dvut cif çg Ldcfdge. Çg 4>22 pkfkgkmee du cuptdt fu drhdtd le-zdgtegĆ susŦegutĆ ok uze. Çg 4>54 drhdtd lezdgtegĆ ře fuhdgee du fduzdt i çgarìg-mkrk zoriletidrk pkfkgkmecir fdrk s-du rkaumedt çg dpripekrkd Jekvucue. Ehprksei-gdŦe ok rkzuctdtuc lĆtĆceke ře fuhdgee du rkvkget çg ldzeguc Geprucue, cd OugĆrk rĆ -

hìgìgo oidr fkck oiuĆ mrupĆre hefe ok gihdze.Çg dgee de skficucue dc REE-ckd, rkcdŦeeck oegtrk pkfkgkme ře jekvkge s-du ok-tkreirdt. Jekvkgee e-du dcugmdt oeg tkretireuc cir pk gihdze. Aeego çg rkcdŦee ouřhĆ-gidsk ře fu gihdzee fuhdge, pkfkgkmee s-du rka umedt oeg giu çg Ldcfdge. ÇgsĆ çg44, ф. 44?, 442.


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okdu sĆ dfdpdrkzk irdřk, pirture ok cd fdrk putkdu ilŦegk ldge cefbeze. Çg dfkcdřesfip ke çgfkrfdu sĆ pugĆ hìegeck pk cifureck ok pk oruhureck ok ehpirtdgŦĆegtkrgdŦeigdcĆ, ugok sk pkrfkpkd vdhĆ. [guc oegtrk dfkstk fĆe fihkrfedck krd‗oruhuc hĆtĆsee‘, fdrk ckmd Fbegd fu ŦĆreck kuripkgk. Çg skficuc dc REEE-ckd, çg

dpripekrkd dfkstke fĆe fihkrfedck d dpĆrut stdtuc higmic.Cd juructdeuc oeg 41 rĆzliegefuc Fegmbez d okvkget bdguc higmicecir,fdrk du egdumurdt picetefĆ ok fufkrerk d pipidrkcir vkfegk. Hde çgtìe, higmicee dufufkret Fbegd, oupĆ fdrk ře-du çgorkptdt dtkgŦed sprk vkstuc figtegkgtucue, pk ug-ok trkfkd vkstetuc ‗oruh dc hĆtĆsee‘. I fdhpdgek ok rkfugidřtkrk d higmicecir ddvut cif çg 4


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Çg tkgoegŦd sd ok d kxtegok oihegdŦed meufeoĆ dsuprd _klrezucue ře d skm-hkgtucue ‗oruhucue hĆtĆsee‘ oeg _rdgsfdufdzed, Ldtìe-bdg d egsperdt i giuĆ fdh-pdgek higmicĆ sprk vkst. Fd ře çg fdzuc prehke hdre egvdzee sprk dpus, prkmĆterkdçg vkokrkd kakftuĆree dfkstke fdhpdgee d ourdt fìŦevd dge. Çg 4


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stdgtegipicuc. Vul prkseugkd hecetdrĆ d Bidroke ok Dur çhpĆrdtuc d aist gkviet sĆdguckzk lcifdrkd trdaefucue ok sfcdve preg Figstdgtegipic.

Frkdrkd stdtkcir higmick d ehpucseigdt fihkrŦuc ok hĆtdsk ousk oeg Fbe-gd sprk Kuripd IffeokgtdcĆ. DpdreŦed oesputke fkcir oiuĆ ucusure, meufeo ře ec-

bdgeo, pkgtru _klrez, d ous sprk orkgdrkd vkfbeucue oruh dc hĆtĆsee fdrk trkfkd_rdgsfdufdzed, frkìgou-sk trkptdt i giuĆ fdck fihkrfedcĆ. Dfkst skmhkgt dc oru-hucue hĆtĆsee dpĆrut çg d oiud ùhĆtdtkd d skf. dc REEE-ckd, oeg Lubdrd trkfkd pregEurmbkgfe, Vkrde ře dùgmkd cd Vicoded (Vuodf ok hde tìrzeu), ok ugok hdrad sk çg-fĆrfd çg firĆlee ře sk oufkd preg strìhtire ře Hdrkd HkoetkrdgĆ sprk Kuripd If-feokgtdcĆ.

Çg Vicoded dftevdu hde huct gkmustiree vkgkŦekge ře mrkfe. Mkgivkzee du aig-odt Fdaad (dstĆze _bkioised), hkgŦeigdtĆ pkgtru prehd odtĆ çg 4=_ijtde, bdguc Bidroke ok Dur, egeŦedzĆ i fdhpdgek dgteecbdgeoĆ, fkrìgou-ck ře hd-

hkcufecir sĆ pdrtefepk cd kd. ^kgtru d ae hde figvegmĆtir, _ijtde egtkrzefk mkgi-vkzecir ok cd Fdaad sĆ trdgspirtk sfcdve çg Kmept. Oeg fduzd dfkstue mkst gkfbelzuetdu suakret gu guhde cifuetiree pirtucue çgfbes ře d irdřucue ifupdt ok higmice, fe řefihkrŦuc Bidroke ok Dur. Çg 4646 giuc bdg ‖ Ñzlkj, d pkrhes mkgivkzecir sĆ-řerkstdleckdsfĆ Fdaad ře sĆ rked trdgspirtuc sfcdvecir çg Fderi. ^riaetìgo ok dfkst rks-peri gkdřtkptdt, mkgivkzee du figstruet cd Fdaad i fktdtk putkrgefĆ ok pedtrĆ, ok ze-oureck fĆrked uctkreir sk vd saĆrìhd çgfkrfĆreck higmicecir ok d oeftd hefee rk-pulcefe etdcekgk figoeŦeeck sdck çg picetefd egtkrgdŦeigdcĆ. ^k tehpuc cue Ñzlkj, Fdaadokvegk pregfepdcuc pirt oeg Frehkkd, preg fdrk sk aĆfkd trdgspirtdrkd hĆraurecir

vkgetk pk fdckd Lubdrd-Eurmbkgfe-Vkrde._klrezuc s-d pihkget egstdgtdgku ře pk i dctĆ rutĆ ehpirtdgtĆ ok fihkrŦ

egtkrgdŦeigdc. Çg dfkdstĆ pkreidoĆ ok hdre fiteture çg picetefd egtkrgdŦeigdcĆ, oegMicauc ^krsef sk trdgspirtdu hĆraure egoekgk sprk dfkcdře pirt Deds oeg DrhkgedHefĆ. OupĆ fk uctehd d aist gkvietĆ sĆ rkfugidsfĆ vdsdcetdtkd kmeptkdgĆ, ecbdguc dokfes sĆ orkgkzk dfkst oruh, guhet ‖ ‗dc heriokgeecir‘, çgorkptìgo hĆraureckpreg dfkcdře irdř dzkr _klrez sprk pirtuc _rdpkzugo (uctkreir, guhet ok turfe_rdlzigo) oeg Hdrkd GkdmrĆ. Ok defe hĆraureck irekgtdck krdu çgfĆrfdtk pk firĆ-leeck mkgivkzk ok`d fugisfutk gkmustirecir ok dtugfe ře trdgspirtdtk preg strìh-

tire ře Hdrkd HkoetkrdgĆ çg Kuripd IffeokgtdcĆ. Çg 466; Ecbdgdtuc Bucdmuezecir d çgfkput sĆ sk okstrdhk. Çg dgee ?> de skfi-cucue dc RER-ckd ře ucusuc cue Fkdmdtde s-d okstrĆhdt. Dtìt Dsed FkgtrdcĆ, fìt ře Ire-kgtuc He`cifeu figstetuedu ug figmcihkrdt ok stĆtuckŦk hefe. Ok dfkdstĆ setudŦekkxtrkh ok advirdlecĆ du çgfkrfdt sĆ sk aiciskdsfĆ vkfegee cue ok dfkkdře sirmegtkhigmicĆ. ^regtrk pritdmigeřtee tkgoegŦke ok sfbehldrk d firkcdŦeke ok airŦk oegrkmeugk sk figseokrd ře Mkdgelkj, giuc bdg dc Bidroke ok Dur, fdrk çg 46?< d ur-fdt çg sfduguc ok cd Vkrde. Kc d ifupdt ugkck irdřk oeg _rdgsfdufdzed. ÇgsĆ çg dgee1>-=> de skficucue dc REQ-ckd ře Bidrod ok Dur s-d oevezdt.

Çg d oiud ùhĆtdtk d skficucue dc REQ-ckd, çg Dsed FkgtrdcĆ s-d çgtĆret ug hd-rk figoufĆtir ok iřte fu guhkck _ehur. E sk spugkd _ehur Ckgj, doefĆ ‗fkc řfbe -ip‘, okidrkfk dvkd ug pefeir licgdv. Çg Kuripd _ehur krd fugisfut fu guhkck ok


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_dhkrcdg. Fdpetdcd cue _ehur sk dacd çg Vdhdrjdgo. Çg 4622 _ehur d fufkret Bi-rkzhuc fu fdpetdcd Eurmbkgfe. Frkìgo ug stdt putkrgef _ehur s-d okfcdrdt figte-gudtir dc fduzke cue Fegmbezbdg. ÇgsĆ pkgtru d gu stìrge dgehizetĆŦe pregtrk feg-mbezbdgeze, _ehur gu s-d okfcdrdt bdg, fe guhde kher. Dfkst adpt dr sumkrd eokkd

fĆ guhkck ok Fdgtkher gu pidtk ae ckmdt fu fkc dc cue _ehur oeg Dsed FkgtrdcĆ (bd-guc _ehur), okidrkfk segtdmhd odtĆ g-d aist utecezdtĆ ok fĆtrk hdrkck figoufĆtirok iřte hkgŦeigdt.

Fu d`utiruc kherucue _ehur, çgtr-ug stdt airhdt çg pdrtkd ok kst d Bidrokeok Dur d d`ugs bdg pregŦuc _ibtdhìř, fdrk dřtkptd hihkgtuc pitrevet pkgtru drkstdlece ugetdtkd picetefĆ d ucusuc cue Meufe. ŗe dfkst hihkgt gu s-d cĆsdt huctdř-tkptdt. Çg 462>, cd Jucejivi ̂ ick, pregfepkck rus Oehetre, guhet uctkreir Oigsjie, c-d çgarìgt pk kheruc Hdhde, fdrk ok cd guhkck ugir bdge meufeze figoufkd pdrtkdok dpus d Bidroke ok Dur. Ok křkfuc cue Hdhde çg cuptĆ s-d aiciset _ibtdhìř, fdrk

c-d çgarìgt pk kheruc dveo ok putkrk, kakftuìgo ugerkd fìhpeke Kurdseke sul duti-retdtkd bdgucue Bidroke ok Dur. Çg 462< _ibtdhìř bdg d fufkret Hisfivd ře e-d se-cet pk pregfepee ruře sĆ rkfugidsfĆ oeg giu oihegdŦed Bidroke ok Dur.

Çg furìgo, rkcdŦeeck prektkgkřte oegtrk _ibtdhìř bdg ře kheruc _ehur s-dutrdgsairhdt çg feifgere drhdtk sìgmkridsk. Kheruc _ehur d çgtrkpregs trke fdh-pdgee hecetdrk çhpitrevd Bidroke ok Dur (4625, 4654 ře 465?-465;). Çg tehpucuctehke fdhpdgee hecetdrk (465?-465;), kheruc _ehur d oestrus fdpetdcd Bidroke

ok Dur (Vkrde-Lkrjk) ře tidtĆ egardstrufturd ok pk skmhkgtuc ‗oruhucue hĆtĆsee‘,fdrk trkfkd pk cd giro ok Fdufdz ře Hdrkd FdspefĆ. _ibtdhìř d aist gkviet sĆ sk

rkaumekzk çg stdtuc Cetudgedg, ugok s-d dacdt hde hucŦe dge. Çg 4652 kheruc _ehur d çgtrkpregs i fdhpdgek hecetdrĆ çg Egoed. Dpie d çg-fkput sĆ fufkrkdsfĆ _rdgsfdufdzed ře pĆhìgtureck vkfegk. Defe s-d feifget fu iti-hdgee, fdrk trkptdt prkcudu hiřtkgerkd skcmeufeoĆ oeg Dsed HefĆ. Çg 4?>-4;>=). OupĆhidrtkd cue _ehur, stdtuc dfkstued s-d oevezdt. Vdrubdg, akfeiruc hde hef d cue _e-

hur, d airhdt ug stdt fu fkgtruc çg Bkrdt (Birkzh). OupĆ hidrtkd cue Vdrubdg(4??=) cd putkrk çg Vdhdrjdgo d vkget [cumlkj, fdrk d hiřtkget ře tkretireuc dfk-

stue stdt. Cd he`cifuc skf. dc RQ-ckd, çg Dsed FkgtrdcĆ du dvut cif gie cuptk pkgtruputkrk, çgsiŦetk ok ug prifks ok oevezdrk picetefĆ. Oegdsted _ehurezecir oeg giu drkstdlecet stdtuc cir pk tehpuc cue Vuctdg Buskeg (4?1;-4;>1), fìgo çg Dsed Fkg-trdcĆ d dvut cif i çgacirerk fucturdcĆ aĆrĆ prkfkokgt. Çg piaeod cuptkcir pkgtru pu-tkrk oeg Dsed FkgtrdcĆ, surskck estirefk gu figŦeg hkgŦeuge oerkftk fĆ çg dfkdstĆpkreidoĆ vrkug urhdř tehureo sĆ ae khemrdt çg Frehkkd ire Hicoivd.

OupĆ fdhpdged kherucue _ehur çhpitrevd bdgucue _ibtdhìř oeg 465?-465;, Bidrod ok Dur g-d hde rkuřet sĆ-ře rkstdleckdsfĆ putkrkd sd kakftevĆ dsuprdçgtrkmucue tkretireu. ^k pdrfursuc skficucue dc RQ-ckd, pk ruegkck Bidroke ok Dur s-

du airhdt trke bdgdtk0 Jdzdge, Dstrdbdge ře oeg Frehkkd. Çg 4?=; Bdgdtuc oeg Fre-hkkd d okvkget vdsdc dc Ehpkreucue Itihdg. Çg 4;>< Hkgmce Mberde c-d zorilet pk


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uctehuc bdg dc Bidroke ok Dur, oupĆ fdrk ucusuc meufezecir (Bidrod ok Dur)dçgfktdt sĆ hde kxestk.

OupĆ fk Eidg fkc Mridzgef d fufkret irdřkck Jdzdge ře Dstrdbdge fu tkreti-reeck cir, oeg ucusuc meufeo çg kstuc kuripkdg d rĆhds oidr Bdgdtuc oeg Frehkkd,

fdrk d kxestdt pìgĆ çg 4=26. Fdhpdged ok fufkrerk d Dstrdbdgucue oeg 4;;1 d pri-vifdt ugkck oeskgseuge çg hkoeuc gimdecir, fdrk oupĆ dfkdstd, pkreioef, çgfkrfdusĆ pĆtrugoĆ çg spdŦeuc giro-pigtef, d`ugmìgo ře cd mureck OugĆree.

Dftevetdtkd gimdecir çg spdŦeuc giro-pigtef ře Fdgtkher hìrzd Çg fihpigkgŦd Bidroke ok Dur s-d airhdt pipiruc gimde. Çg skficuc dc RQ-

ckd gkdhuc ok gimde Hdgsur d egtrdt çg fihpigkgŦd Bdgdtucue oeg Frehkkd. Ou-pĆ fk Bidrod ok Dur d çgfktdt sĆ hde kxestk (4;> de skficucue dc RQE-ckd, ugkck gkdhure ok gimde ok pk hd-

cuc stìgm dc rìucue Qicmd, ugok lìgtued skfktd, du trkfut pk tkretireuc dohegestrdtok bdg. Çg edrgd dgucue 4;;2-4;;5, ke du pdrtefepdt cd i fdhpdgek hecetdrĆ d tĆtd-

recir oeg Frehkkd figtrd \useke, pirugfkřtk oihgucue Hic-oivke Dckxdgoru CĆpuřgkdgu sĆ çgtrkpregoĆ hĆsureck ok remidrk. Vuctdguc hde oĆi kxpcefdŦek cue Dckxdgoru CĆpuřgkdgu0 ‗Aidhktkd fdrk lìgtuek cd tĆtdree gimde e-d secet sĆ-ře pĆrĆskdsfĆ cifureck (ok trde ‖ g.g.) ře sĆ hkdrmĆ çg Frehkkd, odr gkmĆ-

sego brdgĆ du d`ugs cd fktĆŦeck Fbeced, Djjkrhdg ře Lkgokr ře fbedr cd mrdgeŦd Hic-oivke, ugok prefegueksf pdmulk‘6>. Dpie Vuckyhdg ‗pirugfkřtk fd fkdtd tĆtĆrkd-sfĆ sĆ aek figfkgtrdtĆ çgtr-ug segmur cif‘, fu fkrtetuoegk, pkgtru d ae kxpuczdtĆ okpk tkretireuc ŬĆree Hicoivke ře dc Ehpkreucue Itihdg, doefĆ pkstk Qicmd.

ÇgsĆ pkreficuc oeg pdrtkd dfkstke skhegŦee figteguĆ sĆ pkrsestk, okidrkfkoeg 4;16 çg Frehkkd oeg giu sk dacd i hucŦehk ok gimde vkgeŦe ok pkstk Qicmd64. IgiuĆ kxpdgseugk d gimdecir çg Hicoivd d dvut cif çg 4;12. Çg dguc hkgŦeigdt, ou-


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6;

pĆ fuh daerhĆ O. Fdgtkher, dfkdstĆ skhegŦek turdgefĆ d gimdecir ok pk Qicmd dpĆrĆset cifureck cir ok trde ře d vkget çg suouc spdŦeucue oegtrk ^rut ře Gestru6>> ok idhkge, fdrk du `kauet 6? cifdcetĆŦe hicoivkgkřte. ÇgsĆ iidstk airhdtĆ oeg cifuetiree d fegfe Ŧeguture (Edře, CĆpuřgd, Irbke, Virifd ře _embe-gd) e-d pkokpset oupĆ hkret pk idspkŦee gkpiateŦe, dcugmìgou-e çg Ŧegutureck cir‘66.Çg 4;=?, oeg fduzd ugue figaceft fu tĆtdree oeg Frehkkd, gimdee vkgeŦe çg orkdptdOigucue du trkfut çg tkretireuc oeg stìgmd cue, fdrk dpdrŦegkd \useke.6?

[g dguhet tehp tĆtdree çře aĆfkdu dpdreŦed çg tkretireuc gistru aidrtk rdr, ok-idrkfk krdu ehpcefdŦe çg cuptkck fu \used. Çg cugd hde 4;1 \used pcĆtkřtk trelut bdgucue oeg Frehkkd61.Çg 4;=? hìrzdfee Gimdecir Hdre s-du fkrtdt fu Okvckt Mberde. Ke çc rumdsk pk bdgsĆ-e d`utk çg cuptd çhpitrevd Hisfivke, ok sul dutiretdtkd fĆrked ekřesk fu ug ok-fkgeu çg urhĆ, çgsĆ du aist rkauzdŦe. ^k cetirdcuc giro-pigtef çře egtkgseaefdsk dfte-vetdtkd fdzdfee zdpiri`kge ře bdguc dvkd dctk preiretĆŦe. Gimdee Hdre, trkfìgo çgpdrtkd stìgmĆ d Oigucue, du çgfkput sĆ dtdfk \used pk figt pripreu. Çg 4;=1 du

çgtrkpregs i fdhpdgek ok `da çg \used. Çg urhĆtiree oie dge çg fdhpdgee sehecdrk kesugt susŦeguŦe ok hìrzdfee gimde oeg Frehkkd, figouře ok lkeuc Oevke6=. OupĆ tkr-hegdrkd rĆzlieucue rusi-picigkz (4;;2-4;2


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okře îdrtd çgfkrfd sĆ-e dtrdmĆ ok pdrtkd sd62. [ctkreir, dfkst gkdh ok gimde vddùgmk cd bitdrkck Hicoivke.

OupĆ hidrtkd cue Escdh Mberde (4;22), bdg okvegk ardtkck dfkstued MdzeMberde, fdrk ře-d pus sfipuc sĆ dtrdmĆ ok pdrtkd sd pk tiŦe aeee bdgucue ře pk lkee,

fdrk pk tehpuc fdhpdgeecir dgtkreidrk pĆrĆsesk Frehkkd. OdtiretĆ dfkstke picetefedleck, sul dutiretdtkd bdgucue du rkvkget gimdee oeg gkdhuc Oevke oeg Frehkkd,

ugee hìrzdfe de Gimdecir Hdre ok pk Qicmd oeg gkdhuc Irdj. Çg dřd hio airŦd hece-tdrĆ d Bdgdtucue oeg Frehkkd d spiret, okvkgego ug adftir picetef ehpirtdgt çgKuripd ok Kst, fdrk egacukgŦd ře ugkck prifksk ok cd bitdrkck Hicoivke.

Çg 4;56 d ezlufget rĆzlieuc dustri-itihdg, çg fdrk du aist ehpcefdtk ŬĆreck\ihìgk, Bdgdtuc oeg Frehkkd ktf. Çg 4;5? bdguc Mdze Mberde d pdrtefepdt cd fdh-pdged oeg [gmdred, ugok sk odu cuptkck dustri-itihdgk. Çg aklrudrek 4;5; bdgucd rkvkget çg Frehkkd, edr çg [gmdred d rĆhds lkeuc Drdsgdcde Oevke fu gimdee sĆe65.

Çg 4;5; Mdze Mberde d fĆpĆtdt 1 sdtk hicoivkgkřte ok pk hdcuc Gestrucue fufkgtruc cd Feilurfeu, guhetk bĆgkřte. CìgmĆ Fktdtkd DclĆ ře ‗sdtkck bĆgkřte‘ ugk-ire sk figfkgtrdu privezireu trupkcir bdgucue. Cd .

Cd çgfkputuc skficucue dc RQEE-ckd çgtr-ug cif guhet Lumkdf ok cd Fktdtkd Dc-lĆ sk dacd ug mrup hef ok tĆtdre fdrk dtdfdu ŬĆreck \ihìgk. Cd 4 eugek 41>6, liek-ree oeg dgturdùc oihgucue hugtkdg \dou ŗkrldg e-du sfres pregfepkcue drokckdg

Hiesk Vzkjkcy oksprk ‗tĆtdree Lufydjekgses‘, fdrk gu cĆsdu Ŧdrd cir çg pdfk?4

. Çgdfkcdře dg Ekrkhed HivecĆ hkgŦeigd fĆ ug idrkfdrk Jìrìh Jio`d oeg fìhped Fbe-ceke du okvdstdt 1 Ŧeguture, egfcusev _embkfeuc, AĆcfeuc ktf.?6 cìgmĆ FktdtkdDclĆ sisesk ug guhĆr hdrk ok gimde, fdrk urhdu sĆ pdrtefepk cd cuptkck oeg Ŭdrd\ihìgkdsfĆ?6. Cd çgfkputuc dgucue 41>1, cd hdrmegkd ok suo d îcigeke d dpĆrutug aeu dc bdgucue, edr dpie ře Fdgtkher hìrzd??. Çg urhĆtidrkck 6 okfkgee Fdgtkherhìrzd vd ùfd ug ric ehpirtdgt çg dftevetdtkd gimdecir Hdgsur, figouře i pkre-idoĆ ok tehp ok tdtĆc sĆu Oevke.

OupĆ hidrtkd cue Mdze Mberde (41>2), Figstdgteg HivecĆ d rkuřet sĆ rktur-

gkzk sdtkck hicoivkgkřte ok cd Gestru dfdpdrdtk ok bdg ře sĆ-e çgokpĆrtkzk pk gi-mde, fdrk ok furìgo sk egstdcdsk çg dpripekrkd FktĆŦee Dclk?;. Cd 41 edgudrek 4144. ?4-4=44),

Lufurkřte, 452?, p. 25. ?6 K. Burhuzdje, Vupehkgtuc EE, vic. E, p. de skficucue dc RER -ckd, FbeřegĆu, 4555, p. 4>6.


15/29

6=

zdfuc Fdgtkher.?1 Çg vdrd dgucue 414 dge (4142-41?2).Çgtr-ug rdpirt ardgfkz, çgtifhet cd ; hde 4142, çg fdpetdcd itihdgĆ, sk hkgŦeigd0‗Çg Hicoivd cifueksf dfuhd fìŦevd tĆtdre... Ok cd murd cue (Gestrucue ‖ g.g.) fdck okoiuĆ zeck çg sus s-du stdlecet ok furìgo 4; >>> ok tĆtdre, çg cifure pustee pk fdrk ckvir stĆpìge ok dfuh‘?2. Dftevetdtkd hìrzdfucue Fdgtkher d spiret çg urhd fig-arugtĆrecir hecetdrk picigi-itihdgk oeg 41-41


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62

krd gkfksdr çgtr-ug hihkgt sdu dctuc picetef. Ok dfkdstĆ odtĆ, hìrzdfuc Fdgtkher fu gimdee sĆe oeg gkdhuc Hdgsur du aist treheře çg Frehkkd;?.

Çg 41


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65

gkvieŦe sĆ trkdfĆ cd vkst ok fursuc rìucue Qicmd. [gkire, fìgo çhprkùrĆreck krdufigvkgdleck, ke rkvkgkdu pk hdcuc stìgm dc rìucue Qicmd. Çg dgee 6> de skficucue dcRQEE-ckd, jdchìfee, dùgmìgo cd Qicmd, e-du çhpegs pk gimde okaegetev cd dpus okdfkst rìu16. ^regt rk prehee, fdrk du trkfut çg supuřkged bdgucue oeg Frehkkd, du

aist gimdee oeg gkdhuc Irdf. FĆpktkged dfkstue gkdh, guhet çg oifuhkgtk ruskřteêitr [rusiv, d okvkget ruod cue Fdgtkher1?. ̂ itrevet sfresiree liekrucue _kioir Ed-

givefe oeg 44 giekhlrek 4166, gimdee ‗fdrk krdu fu Irdf-Hìrzd ře fu fke oie aee decue Fdgtkher s-du çgtirs çg Lumkdf, cd cifureck sdck‘1;. Gimdee du pĆrĆset Frehkkdtrkptdt. Figairh rkcdtĆrecir oihegefdgucue o―Dsfice ‗Vdchdřd d pĆrĆset _dtdrededrgd. Cuìgo fu segk adheced ře aeego çgsiŦet ok huctk oktdřdhkgtk ok gimde, s -duous çg \uhkced (pk tkretireuc aistucue Ehpkreu Lezdgteg, ok adpt, çg kedcktuc Izu,fdrk egfcuokd ře fìhped oeg dpripekrkd FktĆŦee Dclk ‖ g.g.) s-du strĆhutdt fu ad-heceeck cir, fegk pk hdrk, fegk pk usfdt, çg \uhkced. Oeg aekfdrk cifdcetdtk... du pck-

fdt pìgĆ cd i hek ire oiuĆ hee ok idhkge‘11. Çg dpripekrkd FktĆŦee Dclk gimdee cueIrdf du stdt puŦeg, çg dguc urhĆtir ke du aist ok`d cd cifuc vkfbe ok cìgmĆ Oig,dacdt çg fihpigkgŦd Bdgdtucue oeg Frehkkd.

Çg 416; itihdgee c-du dsemurdt pk rkmkck picig fĆ gimdee cue Fdgtkher vir aesfiře oeg Lumkdf. ÇgsĆ kxkfutdrkd ipkrdŦeke s-d tĆrĆmĆgdt, okidrkfk picigee gu e-du trehes pk fdzdfe ok cd prdmure1=. Cd 4=-. Itihdgee, aeego çg rĆzlie fu Erdguc, fkrkdu tĆtdrecir sĆ pdrtefepk cdrkspegmkrkd egdhefucue oeg ùruc Krkvdgucue. Egdekt Mberde g-d kxkfutdt iroeguc

suctdgucue sul prktkxt fĆ krd dhkgegŦdt ok picigkze oeg fduzd cue Fdgtkher hìr-zd. _Ćtdree s-du pirget figtrd gimdecir cue Fdgtkher, hìrzdfuc aeego fbkhdt ok ur-

mkgŦĆ cd Estdgluc. DpripedŦee cue Fdgtkher (ardtkck Vdchdg ŗdb hìrzd, Irdf-hìrzd,Qkce-ŗdb-hìrzd, Gklzko-hìrzd, Futcum-hìrzd, Egdekt-ŗdb-hìrzd, Dce-lkf, De Ok-her, Fbkhdc-lkf) du okpus ùrĆhìgt bdgucue. Egdekt Mberde e-d ekrtdt, odr tĆtdreedu oestrus sdtkck gkdhucue Hdgsur oeg fdrk aĆfkd pdrtk Fdgtkher hìrzd, ře du `k- 16 Д.Д. Азэлаолм, Э.Э. Моквызизм, З пюлмил-изжоефазе иоюзпизфьв // Вфьзювщ жзюфавы вазэлмъы иоюзпзм Флмлюизжз Аомаоно, ь. E, Фьомюзйзку, 45=2, ф. 4


18/29

?>

auet dvkrkd cir. Vupuřee hìrzdfucue Fdgtkher du aist trdgsakrdŦe çg Frehkkd. Çg ur-hd kvkgehkgtkcir hkgŦeigdtk d dvut ok suakret ře pipucdŦed frkřtegĆ oeg ferfuh-sfrepŦeeck Fbeceke ře FktĆŦee Dclk=4.

Ok cuptkck egtkrgk oegtrk supuřee bdgucue oeg Frehkkd s-du aiciset fdzdfee

ok pk Oig, fdrk du fufkret fktdtkd itihdgĆ Dziv=


19/29

?4

Figstdgteg Fdgtkher0 adptk ře ckmkgokOehetrek Fdgtkher hkgŦeigkdzĆ fĆ tdtĆc sĆu d vĆzut cuhegd zecke ‗çg dguc

414< ok cd hìgtuerkd cuhee, çg cugd giekhlrek, zeud d 2-d oeg pĆregŦee _kioir řeHdred, çg sdtuc pĆregtksf zes Veceřtkge, dřkzdt pk rìuc Ecdg, çg Ŧegutuc AĆcfeucue‘==.

Çg dfkc dg itihdgee du okfes sĆ-c çgcifuedsfĆ pk Figstdgteg HivecĆ, pri-tk`dtuc ugir hdmgdŦe picigkze, fu ŗtkadg _ihřd, fdrk sk dacd cd Estdgluc çg fdcetdtkok fdpufbkbdek, doefĆ rkprkzkgtdgtuc oihgucue Hicoivke cd furtkd suctdgucue. Cd4= edgudrek 414< fu dùtiruc cue Fdgtkher hìrzd ŗtkadg _ihřd ifupĆ sfdugucoihgksf, dcugmìgou-c pk Figstdgteg HivecĆ, fdrk sk rktrdmk cd picige. Çg vdrddgucue 414< i idstk ok vrki 1 >>> ok idhkge, çg arugtk fu ŗtkadg îtifje ře Fig-stdgteg HivecĆ du egtrdt çg Hicoivd oeg oerkfŦed Bitegucue. ÇgsĆ cd 6 eucek 414. ÇhprkugĆ fu sdtuc hkgŦeigdt d aistfuhpĆrdt ře ug cĆfdř saìgt, fdrk d okvkget ‗hĆgĆsterkd pĆregtkdsfĆ guhetĆ [rcdŦe‘24,ugok d aist çgmripdtd fĆcumĆreŦd Hdfregd, i ruoĆ dpripedtĆ d Fdgtkherkřtecir.

[g Akceig Vkceřtkdgu d prehet i ùhĆtdtk oeg sdtuc VĆrdtke pkgtru scu`ldfrkoegfeidsĆ prkstdtĆ cue ŗtkaĆgeŦĆ QioĆ(4;4=-4; Oifuhkgtk prevego Estired \ihìgeke, D. Hicoivd, vkdf RQ, vic. EE, gr. 4?2.24 O. Fdgtkher, QedŦd cue Figstdgteg Fdgtkher , p. 6.


20/29

?<

guhkck ok _kioir, vìgzìgo çg 4;64 `uhĆtdtkd sd ok cd sdt ardŦecir dfkstued, Odgře Auroue2 dprecek 4;;; Auroue Veceřtkdgu vegok pdrtkd sd oeg ^Ćrtkřte26. [ctk-reir, Auroue okvegk guhk ok adhecek. Cd 4< dprecek 41?1 Dgesed ře aeefd ke Qdrvdrd, gk-pidtkck cue Odg Veceřtkdgu du vìgout 4/1 oeg sdtuc ̂ Ćrtkřte cue \dfiveŦĆ Fkbdg2?.

ŗtkadg V. Mirivke d khes ipeged fĆ, Evdg oeg mkgkdcimed cue O. Fdgtkher dr aeaist, ok adpt, Odg, hkgŦeigdt çg oifuhkgtkck iaefedck, drmuhkgtìgo fĆ hdrkck kg-fefcipkoest rihìg ře-d sfres ipkrd çg cehld cdtegĆ ře cd he`cif dr ae aist i kridrk cdtrdgscetkrdrkd guhkcue2;.

Figairh ipegeke cue Geficdk Eirmd, _idokr Veceřtkdgu, tdtĆc cue FigstdgtegFdgtkher, d okfkodt çg 41


21/29

?6

cigkzĆ çgtrk dgee 41?6-411> çg fdcetdtk ok istdř ok rìgo ře dpie stkmdr, doefĆ fi-hdgodgt ok sulugetdtk, dvìgo ře defe i idrkfdrk rkzkrvĆ, adŦĆ ok daerhdŦed cue O.Fdgtkher fdrk susŦegkd fĆ huct oesfutdtuc Figstdgteg Fdgtkher dr ae pdrtefepdt cd hdehuctk lĆtĆcee oegtrk picigkze fu ruřee, sukokzee, fdzdfee cue Limodg BhkcgeŦje ktf.

OupĆ çgfbkekrkd rĆzlieucue picigkzecir fu sukokzee (41;;-411>), Figstdg-teg Fdgtkher d trkfut çg skrvefeuc cue Mremirk Mbefd, oihguc ŬĆree \ihìgkřte411>-411?), çg fdcetdtk ok fkduř cd stkdmuc spĆtìrksf. OupĆ fk dfkstd d aist hd-zecet ře sk çgorkptd sprk ^iciged, Figstdgteg Fdgtkher, aeego çg suetd cue MremirkMbefd, d priaetdt ok ifdzek pkgtru d rkvkge çg Hicoivd. Çg dfkcdře dg FigstdgtegFdgtkher egtrĆ çg skrvefeuc cue Odle`d QioĆ. O. Fdgtkher daerhĆ fĆ tdtĆc sĆu d aist‗pkrakft ok Fioru _embkfeucue‘5, Figstdgteg Fdgtkher d çgfbkedt ug trdtdt fu Bdlslurmee,fdrk-e prihetkdu oihgek krkoetdrĆ. ÇgsĆ çg dfkcdře dg itihdgee du ilŦegut ugkckleruegŦk, fdrk-c adf pk Fdgtkher sĆ gu trkdfĆ oksfbes ok pdrtkd ehpkredcecir. Da-cìgou-sk ře çg rkcdŦee tkgseigdtk fu giuc oihg dc ŬĆree \ihìgkřte FigstdgtegLrìgfivkdgu, Figstdgteg Fdgtkher krd gkviet sĆ aek pruokgt. Çg picetefd egtkrgĆ c-d prihivdt pk pistuc ok hdrk vestekr pk Eirodfbk \uskt, fdrk egtrioufk ug rkmeh

aesfdc our, st ìrgego gkhucŦuherkd dtìt d hdskcir pipucdrk, fìt ře d liekrecir. [geeoeg liekree oeg ipizeŦek adŦĆ ok picetefd aesfdcĆ, egfcusev Herig ře Qkcefefi Fisteg, du

5


22/29

??

aist kxkfutdŦe. Çg tehpuc fdhpdgeecir picigkzk oeg Hicoivd (412;, 4121, 4154)Figstdgteg Fdgtkher g-d trkfut ok pdrtkd rkpulcefee gilecedrk, sifitego drhdtd

dfkstked prkd scdlĆ.Dvdgsìgo oeg hkoeuc scu`etirecir hecetdre çg rìgouc hdrecir liekre, Fig-

stdgteg Fdgtkher d aigodt ug gkdh ok idhkge picetefe ře ok fucturĆ, adehd fĆrirdd okpĆřet bitdrkck ŦĆree.Oehetrek Fdgtkher0 çgtrk řteegŦĆ ře picetefĆ

Oehetrek Fdgtkher s-d gĆsfut pk >), Oehetrek kxkrfetĆ augfŦed ok fdpufbkbdek, doefĆ ok rkprkzkgtdgt dcoihgucue cd Estdgluc. Çg dfkdstĆ fdcetdtk kc sk dacĆ çg fkrfureck picetefk ře oepci-

hdtefk dck fdpetdcke itihdgk, adpt fdrk e-d pkrhes sĆ aek egairhdt oeg prehd sursĆoksprk kvkgehkgtkck oeg Ehpkreu ře oeg ŦĆreck kuripkgk. Dacdrkd cue Oehetrek cd Estdgluc c-d aĆfut sĆ pdrtefepk cd ugkck fdhpdgee hece-

tdrk dck itihdgecir, dacdŦe çg rĆzlie fu ‗Cemd VaìgtĆ‘ (4126-4155). ÇgarìgmkrkdfdtdstriadcĆ suakretĆ ok itihdge çg adŦd dustrekfecir cd Pkgtd c-d aĆfut sĆ d`ugmĆ cdfigfcuzed kveokgtĆ fĆ skhecugd sk dacĆ çg okfceg. [ctkreir, sulekftuc d aist dr-muhkgtdt çg ipkrd sd ‗Estired frkřtkree ře oksfrkřtkree Ehpkreucue Itihdg‘5=.

5;

Oihgetiree Hicoivke. Vtuoee, p.


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?;

Çg 4155 Oehetrek sk fĆsĆtirkřtk fu aruhidsd Fdsdgord, aeefd aistucue oihghugtkdg ŗkrldg Fdgtdfuzegi. Cd vkfbeck revdcetĆŦe oegtrk fkck oiuĆ adhecee oih-getidrk (Fdgtkher ře Lrìgfivkdgu) sk hde dodumĆ ře i prktkgŦek prkzuhptevĆ dcue Oehetrek pk triguc hugtkdg, adpt fdrk-c vezd oerkft pk Figstdgteg Lrìgfivkd-

gu (4122-4=4?). \evdcetdtkd ře suspefeugeck oegtrk dfkstk oiuĆ adhecee uctkreir ře-du mĆset rkackftdrkd çg ipkrkck fdgtkherkgk0 ‗Estired ekrimceaefĆ, sfurtĆ pivksterkoksprk stĆpìgerkd adheceecir cue Lrìgfivkdgu ře d Fdgtdfuzegcir‘52.

Cd Estdgluc Oehetrek d cifuet hde çgtìe cd ‗pdcdtuc hicoivkgksf‘, ugok skdacdu fdpufbkbdekck ŦĆree. ^rehego i fdsĆ gktkrhegdtĆ ok sifruc ŗkrldg Fdgtdfu-zegi, Oehetrek ře-d figstruet ug fdstkc, fdrk oeg 4=>; d okvkget ug cif ugok skdougdu idhkgee ok fucturĆ ře picetefe oeg fdpetdcd itihdgĆ. ^k dtugfe, kc krd prki-fupdt, çg tkhke, fu kakftudrkd fkrfktĆrecir řteegŦeaefk, cetkrdrk ře huzefdck. Ok pice-tefĆ sk egtkrksd hde puŦeg, rkauzìgo sk çgokpcegkdsfĆ augfŦed ok fdpufbkbdek d cue

Dgteib Fdgtkher, okvkget d oiud idrĆ oihg dc Hicoivke (4=>;-4=>=)55.Çg dfkdstĆ pkreidoĆ sk oksaĆřurdu rĆzlidekck pkgtru hiřtkgerkd spdgeicĆ řefkc giroef. OupĆ lĆtĆced ok cd ̂ ictdvd ře vkgerkd rkmkcue Fdric dc REE-ckd cd _embegd, rĆz-lieuc rusi-itihdg putkd okvkge i rkdcetdtk. \kmkck sukokz çe dŦìŦd pk itihdge çhpi-trevd \useke, dfuzìgou-e ok trĆodrk pk oihgee rihìge. OupĆ hde huctk fĆutĆre, cd 4?giekhlrek 4=4> itihdgee c-du guhet cd triguc Hicoivke pk Oehetrek Fdgtkher. Giuc

oihg, figseokrìgo fĆ d vkget tehpuc sĆ figtreluek cd kcelkrdrkd Hicoivke ok sul oi-hegdŦed strĆegĆ, d çgfkput sĆ stdleckdsfĆ rkcdŦee fu ̂ ktru E. Çg dfkst sfip, O. Fdgtkher c-d trehes pk ŗtkadg Cufd fu ug řer ok figoeŦee, çgokpcegerkd fĆrird dr ae putut ae pusk cd

ldzd ugir rkcdŦee hicoi-rusk ok ourdtĆ. Cd 46 dprecek 4=44, ^ktru E d dprildt ugkckoeg figoeŦeeck çgdegtdtk ok oihguc hicoivkdg pregtr-i oepcihĆ. Oifuhkgtuc prkvk-okd fd Hicoivd sĆ okvegĆ i higdrbek krkoetdrĆ çg bitdrkck sdck vkfbe sul pritkfŦedstdtucue rus, fdrk-e mdrdgtd egtkmretdtkd ke tkretiredcĆ4>>.

OupĆ fk drhdtd rusĆ d siset pk tkretireuc Hicoivke, cd < eugek 4=44 Oehe-trek Fdgtkher s-d dorksdt pipucdŦeke ŦĆree sĆ susŦegĆ drhdtd rusĆ vkgetĆ sĆ cuptkfu itihdgee. D aist okfcdrdtĆ egokpkgokgŦd Hicoivke ok îdrtĆ. Çgtr-ug tehpsfurt du aist frkdtk hde hutk stkdmure ok istdře hicoivkge. Cd 2-5 eucek drhdtdturfi-tĆtdrĆ hde guhkridsĆ d rkuřet sĆ çgfigìdrk trupkck rusi-hicoivkgkřte.

^kgtru d kvetd i çgarìgmkrk zoriletidrk ^ktru E d bitĆrìt sĆ çgfbkek pdfk (4< eucek4=44), edr Oehetrek Fdgtkher fu dokpŦee sĆe du aist gkvieŦe sĆ pĆrĆskdsfĆ HicoivdçhprkugĆ fu trupkck rusk4>4.

^kgtru Hicoivd urhĆreck dfkstke fdhpdgee gkegsperdtk d cue ^ktru E du aist kx-trkh ok gkadvirdleck. Çg prehuc rìgo, îdrtd d rupt oeg trupuc ŦĆree fktdtkd Biteg

52 Oihgetiree Hicoivke. Vtuoee, p.


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(4=46) ře Ŧegutuc fu dfkcdře guhk (4=4;). Gimdee du ifupdt i aìřek fu cĆŦehkd ok4>jh oeg ̀ uruc ‗bitdrucue cue Bdcec-pdřd‘. Ŭdrd d aist ̀ kauetĆ ok turfe ře tĆtdre4>6.Oehetrek Fdgtkher fu adheced sd d aist fdzdt çg Bdrjiv, edr liekree ře scuè-

tiree ‖ çg sdtkck oeg dpripekrk. Çg aklrudrek ře okfkhlrek 4=4< Oehetrek Fdgtkherd aist fbkhdt cd ^ktkrslurm, pkgtru d pdrtefepd cd doiptdrkd ugir hĆsure mrdl-gefk çg ckmĆturĆ fu prkseugeck picetefi-hecetdrk dck îrŦee Itihdgk. ^ktru E oirkdaidrtk huct sĆ sk rkvdgřkzk pkgtru çgarìgmkrkd sd ok cd VtĆgeckřte. Oidr gkfksetd-tkd ok d figtegud rĆzlieuc giroef çc aĆfkd pk Ŧdruc rus sĆ aek hde dlec fu itihdgee,pkgtru d gu ae gkviet, oeg giu, sĆ cuptk pk oiuĆ arigture. Odr ^ktru E, figtìgo pk

fugiřtegŦkck vdstk dck cue Oehetrek Fdgtkher çg prilckhkck irekgtucue, gefe çgtr-ugfdz gu oirkd sĆ-c pedroĆ4>?.Çg 4=4? vkftiruc picetefee kxtkrgk d îrŦee kstk çgorkptdt sprk dctk irezig-

ture. Kd prkmĆtkřtk drhdtd itihdgĆ pkgtru rkoilìgoerkd Hirkke (^kcipigk-sucue), fdrk pitrevet pĆfee ok cd Jdrciwetz d trkfut çg stĆpìgerkd QkgkŦeke. Vk dřtkp-tdu gie figarugtĆre pietefi-hecetdrk fu pdrtefepdrkd ugir stdtk oeg Kuripd Fkg-trdcĆ, çg prehuc rìgo, d Ehpkreucue Bdlslurmef4>;. Vpirkřtk egtkrksuc idhkgecirok fucturĆ adŦĆ ok Irekgtuc Dpripedt, pk fdrk çc fugiřtkd aidrtk legk Oehetrek Fdg-tkher. Çg 4=4? O. Fdgtkher d aist dcks hkhlru dc Dfdokheke oeg Lkrceg ře çg dfkd-

stĆ fdcetdtk kc d çgfkput sĆ cufrkzk dsuprd ‗Oksfrekree Hicoivke‘4>1

, kcdlirdtĆ ok kcçg pkreidod dgecir 4=4?-4=41.Çg cugd hde 4=4;, çg tieuc fdhpdgeke itihdgk çg Hirkkd, pitrevet egairhd-

Ŧeke dhldsdoirucue dustredf çg ^ktkrslurm ‖ I. ^ckekr, trehesĆ hegestkrucue rks-pkftev ok kxtkrgk, Oehetrek Fdgtkher e s-dr ae dorksdt fu rumĆhegtkd fd dfkstd sĆ-cdùtk sĆ dùgmĆ hde çgtìe çg _rdgsecvdged, edr dpie çg Qekgd. Defe kc spkrd sĆ ilŦegĆtetcuc ok pregfepk ře susŦegkrkd Ehpkreucue Dustredf çg vkokrkd rkvkgeree sdck pktriguc Hicoivke. Çg sfbehl, Oehetrek Fdgtkher prihetkd sĆ reoefk Hicoivd çhpi-trevd itihdgecir ře ‗s-i dcĆturk firidgke dustrekfk‘4>=. DfkdstĆ egairhdŦek sk

çgsfrek pkrakft çg figtkxtuc kvicuŦeke setudŦeke egtkrgdŦeigdck ře d tkgoegŦkcirhdrkcue mìgoetir ře ih picetef hicoivkdg. Çg 4=4; sk tkrhegĆ rĆzlieuc pkgtruhiřtkgerkd spdgeicĆ, oeg fdrk Ehpkreuc Bdlslurmef ekřkd leruetir ře putkrgef. Kcgu putkd cĆsd aĆrĆ i rkpcefĆ pk hĆsurĆ cd çgfkrfdrkd îrŦee ok rkvezuerk d prkvk-okrecir pĆfee ok cd Jdrciwetz çg prilckhd Hirkee. Çgtr-ug kvkgtudc rĆzlie dustri-

4>?

Q. Ŭverjug, ip. fet., p. 4=2-4=5.4>; E. FbertidmĆ, ip. fet., p. =4-=1 Oegdsted Fdgtkherkřtecir , p. -424.


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itihdg oupĆ _rdgsecvdged ře [gmdred, putkd ae dlirodtĆ ře prilckhd dctir ŬĆre\ihìgk, egfcusev d Hicoivke. ^utkd ae pusĆ çg dpcefdrk trdtdtuc hicoi-dustredfoeg 415>, pitrevet fĆrued çg Hicoivd sk prkvkokd egstdurdrkd ugke oegdstee krkoe-tdrk d Fdgtkherkřtecir sul pritkfŦed ehpkredcecir. ÇgsĆ ^ktru E, çgfĆcfìgo prihese-

ugkd sd dgtkreidrĆ, gu e-d pkrhes cue Oehetrek Fdgtkher sĆ pckfk pkstk bitdrk. Vkdřtkptd fd \used sĆ rkçgfkdpĆ istecetĆŦeck çhpitrevd Ehpkreucue Itihdg, OehetrekFdgtkher okvkgego i aemurĆ gkfksdrĆ cue ^ktru E, dtìt fd kxpkrt pkgtru prilckhkirekgtdck, fìt ře çg fdcetdtk ok aemurĆ picetefĆ ok preh rdgm4>2.

Çg pkreidod dgecir 4=41-4=42 d dvut cif rĆzlieuc dustri-itihdg, ehpkre-dcee ilŦegìgo ugkck leruegŦk strĆcufetk. Çg fihpigkgŦd Ehpkreucue Dustredf du aistegfcusk Ldgdtuc ře Vkrled. Çg dfkdstĆ pkreidoĆ Oehetrek Fdgtkher d kcdlirdt ‗Es-tired frkřtkree ře oksfrkřtkree Ehpkreucue Itihdg‘, fdrk tehp ok pkstk ug skfic daist fkd hde priaugoĆ cufrdrk oeg Kuripd oksprk dfkst ficis hkoekvdc. Çg 4=45

‗Estired frkřtkree ře oksfrkřtkree Ehpkreucue Itihdg‘ d aist trdousĆ çg cehldrusĆ4>5. Adptuc hkgŦeigdt okhigstrkdzĆ fĆ cufrdrkd d aist kcdlirdtĆ gu aĆrĆ řte-rkd Ŧdrucue rus, fiegtkrksdt oerkft çg fugidřtkrkd trkfutucue ugue stdt, fdrk putkdae ug dcedt, odr ře ug ouřhdg dacdt çg fdckd ekřeree stdtucue rus cd Hdrkd GkdmrĆ ře çgHdrkd HkoetkrdgĆ.

Cd rìgouc sĆu, Oehetrek Fdgtkher iptd pkgtru d egtrd çgtr-ug skrvefeu iae-fedc dc stdtucue rus, irmdgezdrkd ugke gie fdhpdgee dgteitihdgk, trehetkrkd aeecir

sĆe pkstk bitdrk cd çgvĆŦĆturĆ. ^ktru E huct tehp gu dffkptd pcdgureck cue OehetrekFdg-tkher. OupĆ fk ouřhdguc sĆu pregfepdc Fdric dc REE-ckd d aist ufes (4=42),

çgfkpìgo sĆ sk çgtrkvdoĆ saìrřetucue rĆzlieucue giroef, Ŧdruc rus çře sfbehlĆ dtetu-oegkd adŦĆ ok hdrkck sdvdgt ře ih picetef hicoivkdg. Kc okvegk skgdtir. Cd řkoeg-Ŧkck skgdtucue du aist doiptdtk hde huctk oifuhkgtk ehpirtdgtk, egfcusev ‖ ‗_d-lkcuc rdgmurecir‘, fdrk s-d dacdt cd tkhkced sestkhucue sifedc-picetef dc stdtucue rus.

OupĆ tkrhegdrkd rĆzlieucue giroef (4=2 Oihgetiree Hicoivke. Vtuoee, p.


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Çg cif ok çgfbkekrk Çgfkpìgo fu Kvuc Hkoeuc tehpureu, pipucdŦed rihdgezdtĆ d spdŦeucue fdr-

pdti-gestrkdg d dvut hde huctk figtkxtk oerkftk ire egoerkftk fu oeakretk skhegŦeeturdgefk. CkmĆture oerkftk hde egtkgsk fu turdgefee ck-d dvut pipucdŦed rihìgkd-

sfĆ, oupĆ fk pkfkgkmee çgarìgŦe ok lezdgtege çg 44


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guhet bdge, fe khere. ^reg urhdrk, guhkck ok Fdgtkher gu pidtk privkge ok cd

_ehur dtìt oeg pugft ok vkokrk cegmvestef, fìt ře estiref ‖hdrkck fihdgodgt okiřte higmic gu s-d guhet gefeiodtĆ bdg.

Çg prehd `uhĆtdtk d skficucue dc RQEE-ckd, çg fìhped giro-pigtefĆ sk kve-

okgŦedzĆ Fdgtkher hìrzd, oeg gkdhuc ok gimde Hdgsur, fdrk aĆfkd pdrtk oeg Bd-gdtuc Frehkee. Çgtrk 414< ře41 ře çg dcŦee dge fu

hiřee‘44?

.

44? И.О. Дофаоазм, Юцффавл яогвквв ьчюафазжз йюзвфызбпливщ, Г., 45=5, ф. 4;;.


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;>

Vk okzvĆcuek ře hkfdgeshuc ok ilŦegkrk d tetcucue ok gilec0 ‗Çg okhkrsuc fuire-megkd gkdhucue, çgdegtdt çg aistuc rdzrkdo (okpdrtdhkgt ‖ g.g.) çg =45?(4121) oeg guhkck pregfepkcue ŗebhdtiv sk rkcdtkdzĆ fĆ strĆhiřuc gkdhucue ŗeb-hdt pregfepkck Jegldr ŗereg d siset oeg Bidrod (ok Dur ‖ g.g.) cd hdrkck fgkdz ře

Ŧdr Evdg Qdseckvefe (fdc Mridzgef ‖ g.g.) Dfkst pregfepk Jegldr d dvut ug strĆgkpit‖ pregfepk ŗebhdt, urhdřee dfkstue gkdh ŗebhdt du doiptdt frkoegŦd irtioixĆ, duscu`et Ŧdrucue rus...‘44; řu du pus çgfkputuc adheceke gilecedrk ŗebhdtiv oeg Ehpk-reuc \us.

Çg rkmestruc adheceecir gileck oeg \used du hde aist çgsfreře ře Mdgtehurivee.Dfkřted du çgfkrfdt sĆ okhigstrkzk fĆ privkgkdu ok cd pregfepeck tugmus ‖ Mdgtehur441. Ok rkhdrfdt adptuc fĆ çg dfkst fdz k utecezdtĆ firkft airhucd‗_ehur‘, fdrdftkrestefĆ pkgtru sulmrupuc fdrcuf dc cehlecir turdgefk, oeg fdrkaĆfkd pdrtk ře vkstetuc kher _ehur Ckgj (_dhkrcdg).

K aidrtk prildlec fĆ Oehetrek Fdgtkher, aicisegou-sk ok adptuc fĆ guhkcksĆu ok adhecek krd ok iremegk turdgefĆ, d çgfkrfdt sĆ okd ok çgŦkcks fetetirucuekuripkdg fĆ gkdhuc cue dr dvkd tdgmkgŦd fu vkstetuc kher _ehur Ckgj oegçgokpĆrtdtd Dsed FkgtrdcĆ, fugisfut çg Iffeokgt sul guhkck ok _dhkrcdg. Çg‗QedŦd cue Figstdgteg Fdgtkher‘ d kxpus dfkst sulekft çg akcuc urhĆtir0‗Fdgtkherkřtee (sugt vkgeŦe ‖ g.g.) ok cd Frìh, çg idstkd cue Frestis‘44=. DfkdstĆkxpcefdŦek gu krd figvegmĆtidrk gefe çg skficuc dc RQEEE-ckd fìgo kd ausksk pkgtru prehd odtĆ kxpusĆ fetetirucue kuripkdg hde huct sdu hde puŦeg dvezdt, gefe hdetìrzeu. Vprk kxkhpcu, hdrkck ecuhegest ardgfkz Qictderk, cuìgo çg zkackhkd ipeged

oksprk iremegkd tĆtĆrkdsfĆ d Fdgtkherkřtecir hicoivkge, susŦegkd fĆ oupĆadfturd sd egtkckftudcĆ ře adptkck hecetdrk Oehetrek Fdgtkher hde okmrdlĆ dr aeçgtruget vertuŦeck mrkfecir pk tĆrìhuc řteegŦkcir ře drhkcir442. Defe Qictderk d pusokmktuc pk rdgĆ, okidrkfk pìgĆ çg skficuc dc RQEEE-ckd, egfcusev gefeug frigefdr okiremegk tĆtdrĆ g-d dtegs fuchkck cetkrdrk ire řteegŦeaefk pk fdrk s-d pistdt hdrkckkgfefcipkoest rihìg Oehetrek Fdgtkher.

Ok dskhkgkd, sk pidtk ilskrvd fĆ Bdgdtuc oeg Frehkkd, oeg pugft ok vkok-rk sifedc-picetef, sk ldzd pk oiuĆ pregfepee augodhkgtdck0 iremegkd fegmbezbdgeoĆd suvkrdgecir oeg adheced Mbkrde ře rkcemed husuchdgĆ. [g bdg oeg adheced Mberde

putkd dvkd guhk oidr oeg dgtripigehefiguc husuchdg (Hubdhko, Vkceh), edrug rkprkzkgtdgt dc dctke oegdstee fu guhk gkfdgigef _kher gu putkd okvkge bdg.

ŗe çgfĆ i rkhdrfĆ0 cd higmice ře çg cehleck turdgefk hde çgtìe sk pcdskdzĆ guhkckpripreu, edr dpie tetcuc0 Fegmbez-bdg, Ldtu-bdg, Fife-lke, Bdcec-pdřd ře gu egvkrs ‖ Bdg _kher. Çg fkkd fk prevkřtk guhkck pripreu ok gimde Fdgtkher, kc d dpĆrut çgdctk figoeŦee sifedck ře cegmvestefk, çg fdrk airhucd ‖ Fdgtkher putkd ferfucd dcĆtureok dct guhk pipucdr ‖ _kherfdg. Dhlkck airhuck du egtrdt ře çg rìgouc guhkcirok adhecek oeg Hicoivd. Dfkst trdgspcdgt ok guhk turdgefk çg hkoeuc rihìgecir

44;

И.О. Дофаоазм, Юцффавл яогвквв ьчюафазжз йюзвфызбпливщ, Г., 45=5, ф.


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oeg spdŦeuc fdrpdti-gestrkdg d putut dvkd cif çgtr-i pkreidoĆ, fìgo rkprkzkgtdgŦeefkcir oiuĆ pipidrk du figvekŦuet çhprkugĆ0 çg skficuc dc REE-ckd (rihìgee fupkfkgkmee), skficuc dc REQ-ckd (rihìgee fu higmici-tĆtdree). Dtugfe ře fkregŦkck fd-gigefk rkcemeidsk gu krdu dřd ok streftk (rihìgee irtioifře ře turdgefee pĆmìge).

^k tehpuc itihdgecir, rihìgee doiptdu oidr guhk ok adhecek rkakretidrk cd dfte-vetdtkd pkrsigdcĆ0 Bdrdldmeu (fĆruŦdř), Okhermeu (aekrdr), Fbeieldř (prehdr) ktf. Çg figfcuzek sk pidtk hkgŦeigd fĆ vkrseugkd oksprk iremegkd guhkcue ok

adhecek Fdgtkher ok cd _ehur gu pidtk ae drmuhkgtdtĆ, okidrkfk hdrkck figou-fĆtir ok iřte higmic s-d guhet kher ře gu bdg. Gefe fĆ strĆhiřuc adheceke Fdg-tkher oeg Hicoivd dr ae privkget oeg Frehkkd gu pidtk ae dohesĆ, okidrkfk çgdfkst bdgdt g-d kxestdt ug bdg fu guhkck _kher. Hde drmuhkgtdtĆ rĆhìgk vkrse-ugkd fĆ guhkck ok adhecek dc oihgetirecir Figstdgteg, Dgteib ře Oehetrek Fdgtk-her gu-e dctfkvd okfìt ug suprdguhk odt cue Figstdgteg Fdgtkher. Orkpt kxk-

hpcu d skrvet Fdgtkher hìrzd, fdrk çg prehd `uhĆtdtk d skficucue dc RQEE-ckd s-dkveokgŦedt preg dftevetdtkd sd hecetdrĆ çg kstuc Kuripke.

Vuhhdry

Datkr tbk sbirt dgdcyses ia tbk kvicuteig ia tbk \ihdgedg-_urjef rkcdteigs eg

tbk R-RQEEtb fkgtureks tbk dutbir stdtks tbdt tbk vkrseig rkmdroegm tbk iremeg ia tbk

surgdhk Fdgtkher arih _ehur (_dhkrcdg), usko eg sihk wretegms, esg―t privko,

lkfdusk tbk mrkdt Higmic drhy fihhdgokr wds fdccko kher lut git jbdg. _bk

vkrseig tbdt tbk dgfkstirs ia tbk Fdgtkher adhecy ia Hicoivd fdhk arih Frehkd

fdg git lk dohettko, lkfdusk d jbdg wetb tbk gdhk _ehur oeo git kxest eg tbesjbdgdtk. _bk hirk privko ipegeig rkhdegs tbdt tbk surgdhk ia tbk ruckrs

Figstdgteg, Dgteib dgo Oehetrek es gitbegm lut d gefjgdhk mevkg ti Figstdgteg

Fdgtkher. Et fihks arih Fdgtkher Herzd wbi skrvko ds dg kxdhpck, oestegmuesbko

tbriumb bes hecetdry dftevety eg tbk Kdstkrg Kuripk eg tbk aerst bdca ia tbk RQEEtb

fkgtury.

© FBE\_IDMČ Eig

de la cantemir mârza la constantin cantemir. unele observaţii preliminare

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