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ANALYZE OF THE EMPLOYMENT OF LABOR FORCE INRURAL AREAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

URCAN Aurelia, Ph.D., associate professor USEMCOLESNICOVA Tatiana, Ph.D., IEFS RM

BUJOR Tatiana, associate professorState Agrarian University of Moldova

Republic of Moldova

Abstract:

The labor force is an important economic resource, while work is a primary factor of production.

The occupational form of a state is based under the influence of a multitude of factors. Besides the level and

developments, prices, quality, quantity and diversity of goods offered, economists and politicians, are

convinced that an economic system performance andstability must be applied both in terms of present

state and prospects of employment conferred, in a context of scientific-technological and financial eonomico-

dynamic.

Keywords: Labor force, rural areas, the economically active population, inactive

population, inactive youth able of working age, unemployed.

INTRODUCTION

The labor force is an important economic resource, while work is a primary factor of

production. Currently the major modality of human development is represented by the

adaptation to the economic, socio-cultural and political created by man.

The occupational system of a state is formed under the influence of a multitude of factors.

Besides the level and evolution of the income, of the price, quality, quantity and diversity of

goods offered, economists and politicians, convinced that an economic system performance

and stability must be applied both in terms of present state and prospects of employment

conferred, in a context of scientific-technological and financial economic-dynamic. [2]

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In the last 10 years, the number of rural population both increases and decreases recorded,

and employed population-specific trends were similar economically active population (Figure

1). The population, livestock population and economically active and employed in rural areas

are higher than urban areas, that their attention would be given employment situation in rural

areas is required to be a major.


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In 2009, in rural areas were employed about 636,100 people, or 53.7% of totalemployment in the country and about 95% of the economically active population in the

villages. Over the last decade, characterized by increasing their population manifest inactive

employment situation has deteriorated markedly in rural areas (Figure 1), supporting a

reduction in the number of employed population by about one third (from 936,100 persons in

2000-636, 1 person in 2009).

Figure 1. Effective of occupied population of Republic of Moldova,

during the period of 2000-2009 years

Source: National Bureau of Statistics

Degradation of the flock number of the employed population in rural areas (-32%) in the

period of 2000-2009 years occurred in three stages:

Significant reduction in rural employment in 2003 (-150 thousand or -16.2%), which

actually represented half of the overall reduction of employment in rural areas from 2000 to

2009, and occurred amid an increase in employment in urban areas;

Reduction of employment in 2006 (-6.5%), accompanied by reduced employment in

cities;

Reducing employment by 8.1% in 2009, this was caused by economic and financial

crisis of 2008-2009. [3]

Employment-population is in close interdependence with the demographic and socio-

economic, therefore, important to analyze the population in terms of employment such as

various socio-economic characteristics (education, category of economic activity,

employment status, type of property, etc.)

Analysis of employment in rural areas we make and in order to identify differences in the

employment of the two genders from Moldova. Although the number of women is a

predominant the number of males to certain circumstances, especially social, has conditioned

a little event modest growth in the labor market in the country. In 2009, the difference

between the occupied genders by sex was not significant, 49.5% - women and men, being

respectively 50.5% of total employed population of the republic. Thus, in 2009, was

discovered in a rural area that the employment structure by gender is of 51.2% (men) and


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48.8% (women). There was a tendency to increase the difference between the proportions ofwomen and men busy for the past in the recent 3 years.

A major decrease in the effective of employed population in rural areas is observed

during the years 2000-2009, due to reduction of the active population. From about 479,500

women and 456,600 men in 2000, employment fell by 2009 to 310,200 women and 325,900

men (Figure 2). Thus, the dynamics of their population employed in rural areas it faithfully

echoed that of the economically active population, reducing the volume of employment is

more pronounced for women (about -35.3%) and moderate for men (about -28.6%).

Source:National Bureau of Statistics

Significant structural changes in rural employment have occurred simultaneously and

with reference to gender. Thus, an increased share of women employed in the period 2000-2005, from 51.2% to 53.9% in the next three years followed a critical reduction - up to

48.7%, and, in 2007 women have been employed in numerical inferiority to men employed

(Figure 3).

Figure 3. Structure of population occupied in rural area, on gender,

in the perioad of 2000-2009 years


Controversial dynamics of rural employment structure by gender, the difference between

employment rates by 2.4 percentage points in favor of female gender (2000) with a maximum

difference of almost 8 percentage points (2005) to a difference of 2.5 percentage points (2009

), already in favor of men employed is determined by the inactivity of women compared to


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men. Filling the gap between the two sexes are widening gradually in favor of men,illustrating the difficulty faced by women in the labor market in rural areas. This difficulty

can be explained by the delayed entry of women into the labor market caused by longer

studies, and legal period of maternity and child care, which are increasingly exploited to the

full by women. Another issue is breaking the women's earlier relationships with the labor

market (immediately after retirement age) caused by tougher labor conditions in rural areas

(large volume of heavy physical work and exhausting than wages).

Analysis of employment in rural areas by age reflects an alarming, especially for the

youngest age group. Thus, during 2000-2009 years, the most substantial changes have

incurred livestock population employed in extreme age groups (Figure 4). The number of

employed youth (15-24 years) showed a reduction of about 50.9% (more than half). This

situation can be explained by the tendency of a growing number of young people to remain inthe education system longer. However, the period 2000-2009 was characterized by a strong

reduction in the number of unemployed in age group 15-24 years (-48%). In this respect will

be the case and to highlight the growing number of inactive people in these age groups,

which reached significant levels.

Figure 4. Dinamics (the rythm of modifications) of occupied population in the rural

area, on age groups, in the period of years 2000-2009


Another feature of the dynamics of their population employed in rural areas is to reduce

significantly the number of persons aged 65 and over (-69.5%), which was determined

mainly by the increase in economic inactivity massive retirement account.

The only age group less affected by the decrease was 45-54 years group, in which the

population decreased by 6.2% only. In general, the number of employed in the central age

groups suffered smaller reductions over time. Therefore, in the last 10 years, produces a

process of accumulation of population employed in the more advanced age and a reduction in


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employment at younger ages. This causes "aging" population of the occupied villages.Employed women were characterized by an average of more advanced age than men.

Herd dynamics of employment, broken down by age groups caused some structural

changes to it (Figure 5).

Figure 5. Structure of population occupied from the rural area, on age groups,

(2000, 2009 years)


Thus, the reduction of employment in the extreme age groups (15-24 years, respectively,

65 and over) made a reduction in their share in the total employed population in rural areas.

The biggest reduction was supported in the share of employed population aged 15-24 years (-

4.1 percentage points), followed by population 65 years and over (-3.9 pp). The most stable

events in terms of age structure in the period 2000-2009, it had the population between 25-34

years, at which livestock is filled with active balances, unemployment is negligible.

Decreased employed population aged 35-44 years can be explained by increasing inactivity

of these quotas, on account of their heavy involvement in international migration processes

(including an illegal) labor.

CONCLUSIONS

1. In the past, the major means of survival and development was an adaptation totheir environment, and now, a show adaptation to the economic, socio-cultural and politicalman-made.

2. For each individual, the workplace is not just a set of tasks, responsibilities, butalso a certain occupation, profession, qualification, career, income (salary, profit, etc.).

3. Employment situation in rural areas of Moldova has degraded significantly duringthe years 2000-2009.

The numerical breakdown of their population employed in rural areas (-32%) occurred inthree stages:


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Significant reduction in rural employment in 2003 (-150 thousand or -16.2%),which actually represented half of the overall reduction of employment in rural areas from

2000 to 2009, and occurred amid an increase in employment in urban areas;

Reduction of employment in 2006 (-6.5%), accompanied by reduced employment

in cities;

Reducing employment by 8.1% in 2009, this was caused by economic and

financial crisis of 2008-2009.

REFERENCES

[1] Anuare ale Biroului Naional de Statistic (Yearbooks of the National Bureau of

Statistics), Chiinu 2000-2009;

[2] Corneliu Dan Hncu, Dezvoltarea rural Bucureti, (Rural Development), 2004pag.156-157;

[3] Studiul situaional al forei de munc n mediul rural, inclusiv prin prisma de gen,

Institutul de dezvoltare Urban (Situational study of employment in rural areas, includingthrough the Gender, Urban Development Institute), Chiinu 2010, pag. 38-46

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