on-chip aptamer-based sandwich assay for thrombin...

On-Chip Aptamer-Based Sandwich Assay For Thrombin Detection Employing Magnetic Beads And Quantum Dots

Dr. Hutanu Daniela

Diaspora în cercetarea ştiinţifică şi învăţământul superior din România 2010

(E-mail: Daniela.Hutanu@Lifetech.com)

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Presentation Overview

• About Life Technologies, and Oregon State University collaborator

• Introduction to the collaborative project

• Properties of reagents and devices

• Assay workflow and results

• Conclusions

• Acknowledgements

3

About Life Technologies

Life Technologies is a global

biotechnology tools company dedicated

to improving the human condition.

Life Technologies customers do their

work across the biological spectrum,

working to advance personalized

medicine, regenerative science,

molecular diagnostics, agricultural and

environmental research, and 21st century

forensics.

Each year, the company sponsors 20–25

collaboration projects that allow Life

Technologies researchers to connect with

external thought leaders and forge

relationships that last long after the six-

month compact ends.

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About Academic Collaborator from Oregon State University (OSU)

Microfluidic Nanofilitration

DeviceMacroscale Fixture Functionalized Magnetic

Nanoparticles

Microfluidics for In-situ

Water Quality Monitoring 3-D Image of a Microfluidic Channel

Lab-on-a-chip technology - fabrication and implementation of separations systems in

microchip format

Molecular recognition technologies - high selectivity sorbents for separations

Proteomics - separation and measurement of proteins from complex mixtures

Biothreat analysis

Environmental monitoring

Vincent T. RemchoEmail: Vincent.Remcho@oregonstate.eduOregon State University, Corvallis, OR

Professor of Chemistry and of Materials Science

Adjunct Professor of Biochemistry & Biophysics

Founding member of the Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute (ONAMI)

5

Introduction to the Collaborative Research Compacts (CRC) Project with OSU• We report the development of an on-chip aptamer-based fluorescence

bio-sensor assay for protein detection and quantification based on

sandwich ELISA principles.

• Aptamer-functionalized magnetic beads were utilized to capture the

target analyte (alpha-thrombin), while a second aptamer,

functionalized with quantum dots, was employed for detection by

fluorescence microscopy in microchip format.

Magnetic field

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Why Quantum Dots?

655 605 585 565 525 nm

25

nm

Size of the nanocrystal determines the color.

Size is tunable from ~2-15 nm (±3%).

Size distribution determines the spectral width.

Highly fluorescent, nanometer-sized, single crystals of semiconductor materials.

7

Qdot® Nanocrystal Structure and Properties

Core nanocrystal (CdSe)

Inorganic shell (ZnS)

Organic coating

Biomolecule15 - 18 nm

• Covalently attached to polymer

shell− Immunoglobulins

− Streptavidin, Protein A

− Receptor ligands

− Oligonucleotides

• Provides water solubility and

functional groups for conjugation

• Improves brightness and stability

• Determines color

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

4,500,000

5,000,000

400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900

Wavelength (nm)

Exti

ncti

on

Co

eff

icie

nt

(M-1

cm

-1)

Qdot 525 Conjugate Absorbance Qdot 525 Conjugate Emission

Qdot 565 Conjugate Absorbance Qdot 565 Conjugate Emission

Qdot 585 Conjugate Absorbance Qdot 585 Conjugate Emission

Qdot 605 Conjugate Absorbance Qdot 605 Conjugate Emission

Qdot 655 Conjugate Absorbance Qdot 655 Conjugate Emission

Qdot 705 Conjugate Absorbance Qdot 705 Conjugate Emission

Qdot 800 Conjugate Absorbance Qdot 800 Conjugate Emission

Advantages over fluorescent dyes

● Single source excitation

● Narrow emission (multiplexing)

● Excellent photostability

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TEM Images of Qdot® Nanocrystals

Images provided by Mark Ellisman, National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, UCSD, San Diego, CA

Qdot® 525

Qdot® 605

Qdot® 585Qdot® 565

Qdot® 655

5 nm + 20 nm Gold

~4 nm ~5 nm~5 nm

~5 x 12 nm ~8 x 15 nm

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Some Applications of Qdot® Nanocrystals

Live cell tracking

Imaging

In vivo imaging

Flow cytometry

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Example of Multiplexed Experiments with Qdot® Nanocrystals Golgi Fibronectin

Nuclei

Plasma

Membrane

Combo

Images provided by Jason Kilgore, Life Technologies.

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Why Dynabeads® Magnetic Particles

Magnetic parameters

Size: 1 m, 2.7 m, 4.5 m

Binding Capacity

Hydrophilicity / Hydrophobicity

Charge: -ve, neutral, +ve

Polarity: -, neutral, +

Attachment chemistry

Pre-coupled

e.g; Streptavidin, Antibody, Protein A/G

Signal/Noise

Readout Compatibility

Dynabeads® magnetic particles are superparamagnetic particles; they exhibit

magnetic properties when placed in a magnetic field, with no residual magnetism

once removed from the magnetic field.

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Dynabeads® Magnetic Particles Employed for Isolation

X

Specific nucleic

acids

Organelles

Cells

Surface activated

Primary Antibody

(Ab)

Secondary Ab

Protein A/G

Talon (His-tag)

Streptavidin

Oligo dT (deoxy-

thymine nucleotides)

Small molecules

Total nucleic acids

Peptides/proteins

Immunoassay

TTTTTAAAAA

TTTTTAAAAA

TTTTT

AAAAATTTTT

AAAAA

Oligo(dT)

Protein A/G

FlowComp™

(StA)

Surface

Activated

Silane

Talon

His-tag

Sheep-

anti-

rabbit

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Aptamers

• Single stranded DNA, or RNA molecules

• High specificity, comparable to antibodies

• Relative ease of synthesis & chemical modification

• Tailored binding affinity

• Resistance against denaturation

Microfluidics• Small sample and reagent volume (µL)

• Efficient washing in automated continuous flow

• Large surface area-to-volume ratio

• Decreased total analysis time (minutes)

• Inexpensive fabrication of disposable microchipsHutanu, D., and Remcho, V.T., Advances in Chromatography, 2007, 45, pp 173-196.

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Developed Assay Workflow

Washing

Ex Emmax

Washing

= Streptavidin-coated quantum dots

= Streptavidin-coated magnetic beads

= Biotin-Aptamer A

= Thrombin

= Biotin-Aptamer B= Magnet

Injection of

Unpurified Sample

Incubation

Automated Washes

Detection

and Readout

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Fluorescence Detection of Thrombin with Developed Assay

Side view

magnet

outlet

inlet

Detection

The magnetic beads were trapped by magnets

underneath the channel. Thrombin detection

was performed on a fluorescence microscope to

capture fluorescence images and intensity

measurements.

Dark field Fluorescence

Magnets

Immobilized beads

Qdot® 525 immobilized on 1 µm Dynabeads® MyOne™ Streptavidin C1 via

aptamer-based sandwich assay

Zeiss

Axioimager m1M

fluorescence

microscope

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Microchip Design for High-Throughput Thrombin Detection and Quantification

a

b

c

Reaction chamber

Magnet

To pump

A fully assembled device with a NanoPort for connection to a syringe pump.

A disposable plastic microchip, containing eight reaction chambers and a vacuum manifold.

A fixture to hold multiple NdFeB permanent magnets.

Tennico, Y., Hutanu, D., Koesdjojo, M., Bartel, C., and Remcho, V.T., Analytical Chemistry, 2010, 82 (13), pp 5591–5597.

Microchip components:

Top layer, made of

polycarbonate (PC) or

polymethylmethacrylate

(PMMA).

Middle layer, double-sided

adhesives, for channel

fabrication.

Bottom layer, made of PC or

PMMA, as the enclosure.

Channels were cut with laser

on 3M Optically Clear

Adhesive 8272 double-sided

adhesives, and then sealed

with plastic polymers on both

sides.

Patterning was done on a 5

watt 355nm ESI UV laser tool

designed for micro-

machining.

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On-Chip Thrombin Detection Results with Developed Assay

Brightfield Fluorescence

Fluorescence images of aptamer-coated beads

incubated with increasing concentrations of thrombin

(from left to right).

1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0 10000.0

ng/mL [Thrombin]

RF

U

0.0 500.0 1000.0 1500.0 2000.0 2500.0 3000.0 3500.0 4000.0

ng/mL [Thrombin]

RF

U

On-chip dose-response curve for thrombin.

On-chip assay 96 well plate assay

minutes hours

µL mL

low medium

Linear range 100 – 1000 ng/mL 100 – 950 ng/mL

10 ng/mL 18 ng/mL

8% 14%

On-Chip 96 Well-Plate

Total assay time

Sample volume

Reagent consumption

Linear range

Limit of detection

Mean standard deviation

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Conclusions

• Successful application of on-chip aptamer-based sandwich assays,

with Qdot® nanocrystals and Dynabeads®, for detection of target

proteins of biomedical importance.

• Experimental conditions, such as reagent consumption and incubation

time, were optimized in the microchip platform for the lowest limit of

detection, highest specificity and shortest assay time.

• The microfluidic chip proved to be a rapid and efficient system for

aptamer-based thrombin assays, requiring only minimal (microliter)

reagent use.

For Research Use Only. Not intended for any animal or human therapeutic or diagnostic

use.

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Acknowledgements

• Funding: Life Technologies, 2009 Collaborative Research Compacts.

• CRC Collaborators: Yolanda Tennico and Cheryl Moody Bartel (Life

Technologies, Eugene, OR, USA); Myra Koesdjojo and Vincent

Remcho (Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA).

• Reagents, instrumentation and assay development: Schuyler Corry,

Jason Dallwig, Jim Hirsch, David Wright, Kari Haley, Joe Bartel, Birte

Aggeler, Shawn Starkenburg, Dean Tsou, Vanessa Adams, Matt

Beaudet, Shula Jaron, Laurel Stone, Ameet Juriani (Life Technologies,

USA).

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© 2010 Life Technologies Corporation. All rights reserved.

The trademarks mentioned herein are the property of Life Technologies

Corporation or their respective owners

NOTICE TO PURCHASER: Limited Use Label License

The products shown in this presentation may be covered by one or more Limited

Use Label License(s). Please refer to the respective product documentation or

the Applied Biosystems website under www.appliedbiosystems.com for the

comprehensive license information. By use of these products, the purchaser

accepts the terms and conditions of all applicable Limited Use Label Licenses.

These products are sold for research use only, and are not intended for human or

animal diagnostic or therapeutic uses unless otherwise specifically indicated in

the applicable product documentation or the respective Limited Use Label

License(s).

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Extra Slides

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Dynabeads® Magnetic Particles Surfaces

Sheep -rabbit

Oligo dT / dX(Specific Capture)

SILANE

(Total Capture)

Nucleic acids

Tosyl

COOH

Epoxy

Amine

Surface Activated

Protein A Protein G

Coated beads

Sheep mouse

Streptavidin

(neutral)

Streptavidin

(neg. charge)

FlowComp Flexi

(”detachable biotin-StA”)

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Invitrogen™ Magnets

DynaMag™-2 DynaMag™-Spin

DynaMag™-50DynaMag™-15

(12302D)(12301D)

(123-21D) (123-20D)

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Relative Size of Qdot® Nanocrystals

25

© 2010 Life Technologies Corporation. All rights reserved.

The trademarks mentioned herein are the property of Life Technologies

Corporation or their respective owners

NOTICE TO PURCHASER: Limited Use Label License

The products shown in this presentation may be covered by one or more Limited

Use Label License(s). Please refer to the respective product documentation or

the Applied Biosystems website under www.appliedbiosystems.com for the

comprehensive license information. By use of these products, the purchaser

accepts the terms and conditions of all applicable Limited Use Label Licenses.

These products are sold for research use only, and are not intended for human or

animal diagnostic or therapeutic uses unless otherwise specifically indicated in

the applicable product documentation or the respective Limited Use Label

License(s).

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Dynabeads (MyOne)®

Why Dynabeads® Magnetic Particles?Dynabeads® magnetic particles are superparamagnetic particles; they

exhibit magnetic properties when placed in a magnetic field, with no

residual magnetism once removed from the magnetic field.