adrian

TENSE OVERVIEWA. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE

Prezentul simplu se foloseste pentru a vorbi despre actiuni prezente, obisnuite, repetate – actiuni zilnice – S +VI

- la persoana a-III-a singular (he, she, it) se adaugă terminaţia –s sau –es .I drink a cup of milk every morning.

She drink s a cup of tea every morning.- terminaţia –es se adaugă la sfârşitul verbelor terminate in: -o, -ch, -th, -sh, -ss, -z.

She go es to school from Monday to Friday.- Forma interogativa: DO/DOES(III.sing) + V

Do you play tennis?Does she play the guitar?

- Forma negativa: S+ DO/DOES + NOT + Vdo + not = don’t does + not = doesn’t

No, I don’t play tennis.She doesn’t play the guitar.

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSEPrezentul continuu se foloseşte pentru a vorbi despre acţiuni prezente care sunt in desfăşurare in momentul

vorbirii. Nu mai vorbim despre acţiunile obişnuite, repetate exprimate de prezentul simplu.S + TO BE(PREZENT) + V-ing.

- TO BE: am, are, isShe is read ing a book now.

- Forma interogativa: TO BE + S + V-ingIs he play ing tennis?

- Forma negativa: S + TO BE + NOT + V-ingis not = isn’t are not = aren’t

No, he isn’t play ing tennis.Se foloseşte, de obicei, cu expresii ca „now, at this moment, as we speak, ...”.

She is reading a book now. Ea citeşte o carte acum.

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B. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSEFolosim trecutul simplu pentru a vorbi despre acţiuni începute şi terminate în trecut.

Yesterday I met my friend Jack.Pentru a exprima o acţiune repetată în trecut.

Grandma drank three cups of coffee a day.După verbele sau construcţiile wish, as if/as though, if only, would rather, it’s (high) time.

I wish I were on holiday now.Forma afirmativă: S + VII

I danced at the party yesterday.Forma interogativă: Did + S + VI ?

Did Mary tell her father about the party last week?Forma negativă: S + did not + VI.

Mother did not buy those trousers last month.

THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE Acţiuni care erau în desfăşurare la un moment dat din trecut.

I was taking a shower when you came in. Acţiuni paralele în trecut

Sue was peeling potatoes while Andy was cooking the fish. Acţiuni progresive – care sunt în desfăşurare – de-a lungul unei perioade de timp specificate din trecut.

She was shopping between 3 o’clock anf four.Forma afirmativă: S + was/were + V-ing.

I was dancing when he came in.Forma interogativă: Was/Were + S + V-ing ?

Was Mary doing her homework when you arrived?Forma negativă: S + was/were not + V-ing.

Mother was not playing cards.

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C. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Prezentul prefect simplu arată acţiunea începută în trecut şi care fie mai continuă în prezent, fie influenţează momentul prezent. Accentul este pus pe rezultat.

Formele Afirmativ Negativ Interogativ I / you / we / they I have spoken. I have not spoken. Have I spoken?he / she / it He has spoken. He has not spoken. Has he spoken?

Excepţii la adăugarea terminaţiei ‘ed’Exceptions in spelling when adding ed ExampleDupă e final se adaugă doar i love – lovedConsoana finală, după vocală accentuată, scurtă, precum şi l final se dublează

admit – admittedtravel – travelled

y final după consoană devine i hurry – hurried

Folosirea

Pune accent pe rezultat:

Exemplu: She has written five letters.

Acţiune care încă se desfăşoară:

Exemplu: School has not started yet.

Acţiune încheiată recent:

Exemplu: She has cooked dinner.

Acţiune încheiată ce influenţează momentul prezent:

Exemplu: I have lost my key.

Acţiune ce nu a mai avut loc înainte de momentul vorbirii sau care s-a întâmplat o dată sau de mai multe ori:

Exemplu: I have never been to Australia.

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PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Arată o acţiune începută în trecut şi care fie s-a terminat recent, fie mai continuă. Pune accent pe durata acţiunii.

Formele Afirmativ Negativ Interogativ I / you / we / they I have been speaking. I have not been speaking. Have I been speaking?he / she / it He has been speaking. He has not been speaking. Has he been speaking?

Excepţii de ortografiereExcepţii la adăugarea terminaţiei -ing Exemplue-ul final dispare(dar: ee nu este schimbat)

come – coming(dar: agree – agreeing)

După o vocală scurtă, accentuată, se dublează consoana finală sit – sittingConsoana finală l este dublată după o vocală (în British English) travel – travelling

ie final devine y lie – lying

Folosirea Prezentului Perfect Continuu

Pune accent pe durata nu pe rezultatul acţiunii:

Exemplu: She has been writing for two hours.

Acţiune recent încheiată sau care încă mai durează:

Exemplu: I have been living here since 2001.

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D. PAST PERFECT

[had + past participle]

Exemple:

You had studied English before you moved to New York. Had you studied English before you moved to New York?

You had not studied English before you moved to New York.

Acţiuni începute şi terminate înaintea altor acţiuni trecute

Trecutul perfect arată că o acţiune trecută a avut loc înaintea altei acţiuni trecute. De asemenea poate arăta că un anumit lucru a avut loc înaintea unui moment dat din trecut.

Exemple:

I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.

Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.

Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?

She only understood the movie because she had read the book.

Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.

We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance.

A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

[had been + present participle]

Exemple:

You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived. Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived?

You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.5

USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Past

Folosim trecutul perfect continuu pentru a arăta că un lucru a început în trecut şi continuat până la un moment dat din trecut. Putem folosi expresiile "For five minutes" and "for two weeks".

Exemple:

They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived. She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.

How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?

Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.

James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia.

A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara?B: I had not been studying Turkish very long.

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E. FUTURE TENSES1.a FUTURE SIMPLE

(will and be going to)Viitorul simplu are 2 forme în limba engleză: “will” şi „be going to”. Cu toate că aceste două forme se pot substitui una pe alta ele au utilizări diferite.

Formă “Will”

(+) S + will + V1 (?) Will + S + V1? (-) S + will not + V1 You will help him later. Will you help him later? You will not help him later.

Formă “Be Going To”

(+) S + am/is/are + going to + V1 (?) am/are/is + S + going to + V1 (-) S + am/are/is/ + not + going to + V1 You are going to meet Jane tonight. Are you going to meet Jane tonight? You are not going to meet Jane tonight.

WILL – se foloseşte pentrua vorbi despre:

ceea ce vorbitorul face în mod voluntar acţiuni stabilite din viitor promisiuni I will send you the information when I get it. I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it. I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party. Don't worry, I'll be careful. I won't tell anyone your secret.

BE GOING TO - se foloseşte pentru a vorbi despre planuri şi intenţia vorbitorului de a face un lucru. He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii. She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.

1.b FUTURE CONTINUOUSFormă:

(+) S + will be + V-ing (?) Will + S + be + V-ing (-) S + will + not + be + V-ing You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight? You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

1. Acţiune în desfăşurare la un moment dat din viitor

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We will be writing at this time tomorrow.

2. Acţiune întreruptă din viitor - o acţiune de durată din viitor va fi întreruptă de una mai scurtă. I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight. I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives.

3. Acţiuni paralele din viitor Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.

4. Atmosferă din viitor When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will be dancing. Others are

going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza, and several people are going to be drinking beer. They always do the same thing.

2. FUTURE PERFECTFormă:

(+) S + will have + V3 (?) Will + S + have + V3? (-) S + will + not + have + V3 You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S. Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.? You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.

Acţiune viitoare terminată înaintea unei alte acţiuni viitoare:

By next November, I will have received my promotion. By the time I finish this course, I will have taken ten tests.

IMPORTANT! - NU SE FOLOSEŞTE VIITOR ÎN PROPOZIŢIA SUBORDONATĂ TEMPORALĂ.

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PRESENT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUSPRESENT SIMPLE

1. Write the HE/SHE/IT formscatch read come run

cook smoke drink stand

fetch start fix touch

live watch miss wish

rush write buy carry

copy enjoy fry marry

play study try

2. Write the verb in the right form

1. Children ................................ (ask) a lot of questions.2. She .................................. (go) to college on her bike.3. A lot of birds .............................. (fly) south in the winter.4. She ..................................... (study) very hard at the weekends.5. My father .............................. (watch) television most evenings.6. He ................................... (understand) Arabic.7. He ........................................ (fight) with his brother.8. Big dogs............................ (like) a lot of exercise.9. He’s very naughty – he ............................ (push) other children.10. Lessons ................................. (start) at 8.35 every morning.

3. Choose one verb to make each sentence negativee.g. It doesn’t snow very often in San Francisco (snow, sing, play)

1. I like football, but I ............................................ cricket at all. (think, like, remember)2. She lives in Japan, but she ...................................... a word of Japanese (sing, work, speak)3. I’m sorry – I ................................. your name. (eat, remember, work)4. He works in New York, but I .................................... what he does. (know, use, come)5. Mary’s really tired, but she ...................................... to go to bed. (help, want, walk)6. We .......................................... a big flat – just one bedroom. (work, play, want)7. Phil ..................................... very hard, but he makes a lot of money. (work, stand, stop)8. Ann’s parents ................................... I’m the right man for their daughter. (write, read, think)

4. a) Make questions1. How / you pronounce / this word?2. How / you spell / that?3. What / this word / mean?4. How much / they cost?5. Where / you live?6. What / you do?7. How / you do?8. What time / the plane / leave?9. What time/ the class / start?

10. What time / the train / arrive?b) Make questions.

1. She / live / with her parents?2. You / like / your new job?3. I /speak / good Italian?4. They /work / hard / at university?5. We /usually give/ her a birthday

present?6. Your sister / help / you / very much?7. Alan /smoke?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS1. Write the –ING FORM of these verbs.

Break clean wash live

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Come die enjoy go

Make play sing jump

Write start get feel

Begin put hit rain

Rob shop dream sleep

Shout sit stand talk

Turn open visit forget

2. Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the present continuous tense

1. John and I ...................................... (stay) in a beautiful hotel.2. Kevin .......................................... (work) at home today. 3. I ...................................... (wait) for a very important letter.4. You ...................................... (walk) too fast.5. We ........................................... (plan) our next holiday.6. The girls ............................................ (visit) their grandmother today.7. She ....................................... (read) in her bedroom at the moment.8. The baby ...................................... (learn) how to walk.

3. Rewrite the sentences in the negative. Use the present continuous1. They .......................................... (buy) a new car.2. He ............................................... (learn) to read.3. I .................................................. ( look) for your keys.4. We ............................................... (sell) the house.5. They ........................................ (drink) tea.6. You ....................................... (work) very hard.7. Jack and Jill ....................................... (run) downhill.8. I ....................................... (go) home now.

4. A) Write the questions. Use the present continuous1. What /Jessica / do?2. Why / John and Patrick / laugh?3. What book / you / read?4. What / we / watch?5. Where / they / stay?6. Why / we / sit in the dark?7. Where / they / wait?8. What / you / sell?

b) Make questions. Write the short answer 1. It / rain?2. You / learn / French / at school?3. I /speak / clearly?4. Angela and Fred / dance / together?5. The plane / land/ now?6. The Smiths / plan / a party?7. The children / study / in their bedroon?8. Chris / wave/ at us?

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PAST TENSEI. Write the following sentences in the Past Tense. Example: The dog (chase) the cat.

The dog chased the cat.

1. The dog (chase) the cat.2. The cat (climb) the tree quickly.3. The dog (start) to bark.4. I (want) to chase the dog away.5. The dog’s owner (arrive) and (walk) away with it.6. The cat (look) happy.

II. Write the sentences in the negative. Example: Jane cleaned her room yesterday.

Jane didn’t clean her room yesterday.

1. Father watched TV last night. 2. The teacher talked about “Robinson Crusoe” last week.3. I wanted to read the book.4. The reporter asked the film star a lot of questions.5. I walked to my friend’s house two days ago.

III. Write the sentences in ex. III in the interrogative. Example: Jane cleaned her room yesterday.

Did Jane clean her room yesterday?IV. Put the verbs in the simple past and translate the texts.

a) When I (come) home, I (find) that the family had finished dinner. I (sit) down and (eat) mine, which (be) still on the table. I had only just begun when the door-bell (ring). It (be) a friend of mine. I (tell) him to wait until I (finish) eating. My mother (ask) him whether he (like) a cup of coffee. He (say) he would rather read until I (be) ready.

b) One day while I (sit) in a café, a man (come) over to my table and (ask) if he may sit down for a few minutes. After we (speak) for some time, we (find) out that we once had met in Europe. He said, "I (arrive) here two weeks ago and I (not make) up my mind whether or not to stay here." " If I (be) you," I said, "I would learn the language as quickly as I (can) and then make a tour of the country. It would be easier then to make up your mind."

V. Change the verbs in brackets into the past simple.0 I (finish) finished my book last week.1 A plane (fly) ________________ over our house.2 Peter (have) ________________ a sandwich for lunch.3 The bus (arrive) ________________ two hours late.4 My sister (make) ________________ a big cake for my birthday.5 John always (wear) ________________ a uniform to school.6 Kevin (run) ________________ to school, yesterday.7 It (begin) ________________ to rain.8 We (play) ________________ football for hours.9 My family (go) ________________ to Portugal for a holiday.10 We (jump) ________________ into the swimming pool.

VI. Write statements, negative sentences or questions with used to.0 you/have/brown hair (question) Did you use to have brown hair?1 people/use/the computer (negative) ___________________________________2 he/go/running (statement) ___________________________________________3 they/like/painting (question) _________________________________________4 your brother/come/by bus (statement) __________________________________

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5 we/drink/coffee (negative) __________________________________________6 my mother/speak/Spanish (negative) __________________________________7 he/live/in Paris (statement) __________________________________________8 Julie/play/football (question) ________________________________________9 houses/have/bathrooms indoors (negative) ______________________________10 all children/go/to school (question) ____________________________________

VII. Choose the best reply (A-I) for the questions (0-8).0 Do you know where the theatre is? E 1 What does you boyfriend look like?2 What’s New York like?3 Could you tell me the time, please?4 Can I help you?5 Do you mind if I sit here?6 Would you like some cake.7 Let’s go for some tea.8 Where’s the bus station?

A That’s a good idea.B It’s interesting, but very noisy.C It’s near the theatre.D It’s nearly four o’clock.E Yes. It’s next to the post office.F No thanks, I can do it.G Yes, please.H He’s tall, dark and handsome.I No, not at all.

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IX. Translate into English.1. Am cunoscut-o pe verişoara ta în 1988.2. Când Pater era tânăr, alerga timp de o jumătate de oră în fiecare dimineaţă.3. Când l-ai văzut ultima dată?4. Am înţeles atunci cât de mult îşi iubea fratele.5. Era timpul ca ei să cunoască adevărul.6. Aş fi de părere să te duci acolo cât mai curând posibil.7. Mary recită poezii ca şi când ar fi o mare artistă.8. Ce oraş ai vizitat anul trecut?9. De-aş şti adresa lui acum.10. Aş dori să înţelegeţi situaţia aceasta.

PRACTICE ISIMPLE & CONTINUOUS PAST

I. Put the verbs in parentheses into the Past Simple or the Past Continuous and translate (Scrie verbul din paranteze la trecut simplu sau continuu şi tradu):1. The ship (approach) _______________ Cape Town when the tornado (begin) _______________ .2. The bomb (go) _______________ off when the president (give) _______________ a speech.3. He (not hear) ________________ the bell because the radio (play) _______________ .4. When I (get) ________________ home everybody (dance) _______________ .5. The plane (catch) _______________ fire when it (take) ________________ of.6. Tim (crash) _______________ into a street light because he (drive) _______________ too fast.

II. Turn the following into the interrogative and negative (Transformă următoarele propoziţii în propoziţii interogative şi negative):1. The children were laughing. 2. The man was waiting. 3. I was translating the text. 4. You were looking at the picture. 5. The girl was coming home. 6. I was learning a poem. 7. The boys were drawing red cars. 8. Mother was making the bed. 9. You were leaving the office. 10. We were buying fresh fruit.

III. Translate into English (Tradu în limba engleză):1. Când am plecat de la poliţie John şi soţia lui încă mai vorbeau cu un poliţist.2. Ce se întâmpla în casa ta când am trecut pe la tine ieri seară? Am sunat la uşă dar nu mi-a

răspuns nimeni, deşi se auzea muzică înăuntru.3. I-am pus această întrebare de câteva ori, dar el nu m-a auzit fiindcă citea ziarul.4. Eu încă dormeam când a venit stewardesa să ne spunem că trecem peste Himalaya.5. Nu ne-am dus la teatru ieri deoarece nişte prieteni de-ai noştri veneau pe la ora şapte.

IV. Change the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous (Schimbă timpul verbelor din paranteze în trecut simplu sau continuu):0 For dinner, my sister (eat) ate pizza, but I (have) had soup.1 My brother (drink) ________________ coffee while he (do) ________________ his homework.2 He (walk) ________________ into the classroom, then he (sit) ________________ down.3 While I (study) ________________ , Sue (run) ________________ into the library.4 When the class (finish) ________________ , the teacher (drive) ________________ home.5 Harry (sing) _______________ a song when Jane (come) _______________ in.6 Nothing happened when I (turn on) ________________ the DVD player.7 It (start) ________________ to rain while I (walk) ________________ to the park.8 Yuki (listen) ________________ to the radio when the phone (ring) ________________ .9 The children (go) ________________ the cinema last night.10 Mr. Jones (find) ________________ some money when he (clean) ________________ the

cupboards.V. Read the paragraph. Choose the best tense for each space. Translate. (Citeşte paragraful.

Alege cel mai bun timp pentru fiecare spaţiu. Tradu):My grandfather (0) C to the same school as me. He (1) ______ to our school last week to talk to the class about what it (2) ______ like in the old days. He (3) ______ he (4)______ the names of all his teachers. One of them still teaches at the school.He (5) ______ art and music, but now he only teaches music. As he (6) ______ , he

(7) ______ us pictures of his school friends. He (8) ______ us that the boys(9) ______ only football, but now we play basketball as well. He thinks things(10) ______ better in the old days.

0 A goes B was going C used to go1 A comes B came C was coming2 A was being B is C was3 A said B says C was saying4 A remembered B remembers C was remembering5 A is teaching B used to teach C teaches6 A talks B is talking C was talking7 A is showing B showed C was showing8 A told B is telling C tells9 A play B were playing C used to play10 A are B were C used to

FOLLOW UPPRESENT TENSES

I. Completaţi cu forma cea mai potrivită a verbului din paranteze, folosind prezentul continuu sau prezentul simplu:

Jack is a teacher. He teaches (teach) at a University. He isn’t teaching (not teach) at the moment, he is on holiday. He is reading (read) a newspaper on the beach.

Emma and Ben are brother and sister. Emma ………. (love) Ben and Ben ………. (love) Emma. They usually ………. (play) together, but today Emma ………. (help) her mother to make a cake. It’s Ben’s birthday and he ……….. (have) a party. His father ………. (prepare) the decorations and the games because Ben ……….. (like) to have fun and games at his parties. Ben usually ………. (invite) ten friends, but only nine ………. (come) today. Henry ………. (not come), he ……….. (not feel) well, he has a cold. He often ………. (catch) a cold in winter.

II. Tradu în limba engleză folosind prezentul simplu sau continuu după caz:1. Mă întreb de ce nici băieţelul nici fetiţa nu dorm la această oră. De obicei ei deja dorm la această

oră.2. Copacii înfloresc aşa că grădinile au un miros plăcut.3. Mereu îmi dă telefon şi îmi pune întrebări stupide.4. Mă bucur că îţi place cadoul meu.5. Copii par foarte obosiţi în această dimineaţă.6. Tata se scoală foarte devreme, dar se bărbiereşte, se spală şi îşi ia micul dejun aşa de încet încât

nu auzim nimic.

BI. Put each verb in brackets into either the present simple or the

present continuous.Dear Aunt Jean,

I ....................(just write )to tell you how much I enjoy the money you sent me, and to tell you how I........................( get on )in my first term at university. Actually, I............................... (really enjoy) myself! I.......................... (study) quite hard as well, but at the moment I.................................(spend) a lot of time just making friends. I...................... (still stay) with my friend Sue, and I.......................( look for) somewhere of my own to live. Only a few of the first-year students.................. (live) in college here, and I............................(seem) to be spending a lot of time travelling backwards and forwards. I....................... (go) to lectures every morning, and most afternoons I....................(study) in the library. In fact I ...............(write) this letter instead of an essay on Hamlet! I........................ (think) I´ll buy some new clothes with the money you sent. Everything ......................(cost) a lot here, and I.......................(save) to buy a winter coat. It...........................(get) really cold here in the evenings. I now........................(know) some other students and generally speaking we......................(have) quite a good time socially! I................(also learn) to drive. See you soon.Katherine.

II. Verbs forms and use: Complete the sentences with the correct verb forms of present simple or continuous.1. Where........................these days? In a garage (she / work)2. ..................................here in summer? Not very often. (it / rain )3. ‘Bonjour’. Sorry, I........................................ French. ( not / speak )4. Your English.........................................better. Oh, thank you (get)5. ...........................................................golf? Yes, but not very well (you/play)6. Who.........................................to ? My boyfriend (you / write)7. Where´s Susan?................................ now (she / come )

8. Well, goodnight....................................to bed. (I / go)9. Water.................................................... at 100ºC. ( boil)10. ‘..............................................................?’ not yet (that water / boil)

III.. .Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box.

perform repair (2x) care serve help sell treat build deliver fly playdesign (2x) teach fight cure administrate

a- An architect …………………………………………………houses. b- Builders …………………………………………………………and repair houses.

c- A car mechanic ………………………………………………cars.

d- Dentists …………………………………………………………people´s teeth. e- A teacher ………………………………………………………lessons to his/her students. f- Factory workers ……………………………………………manual or industrial labor. g- An engineer ……………………………………………………or services machines.

h- A DJ ………………………………………………………………music at parties or discos.

i- Firefighters ………………………………………………………fires.

j- A lawyer ……………………………………………………………people with legal problems.

k- A nurse ………………………………………………………………for the sick or disabled.

l- Sales assistants …………………………………………………things in a shop.

m- Doctors…………………………………………………………………sick people.

n- A pilot …………………………………………………………………planes.

o- A postman ……………………………………………………………letters and packages.

p- Executives ………………………………………………………………a project, activity or business.

q- Waiters …………………………………………………………………food in restaurants.

r- A web designer ………………………………………………………web pages.

IV. Complete the conversations. Use the Present Continuous of the verbs in brackets.

a- A: ………………………………………………… (Donna/speak) Italian to that man?B: Yes, she……………… She ………………………………………………… (learn) it at night school.

b- A: ………………………………………………… (you/enjoy) the party?B: Yes, we……………… We ………………………………………………… (have) a great time.

c- A: ………………………………………………… (you/do) here?B: I ………………………………………………… (wait) for some friends.

d- A: ………………………………………………… (Holly/use) her computer?B: No, she……………… She ………………………………………………… (not do) any work today.

e- A: ………………………………………………… (they/watch) the news at the moment?B: No, they………………… They ………………………………………………… (prepare) dinner.

V. Look at the pictures. Write the correct form of the verbs in brackets in the Simple Present or Present Continuous.

a- It´s 09:00 p.m. Jennifer Robbins ………………………………… (sit) athome.

b- She usually ……………………………(report) the news on television, butnow she ……………………… (watch) it.

c- At work she ………………………………………… (wear) a suit.d- Now she ………………………………………… (wear) jeans and a T-shirt. e- She ………………………………………… (drink) a cup of tea.f- At work she ………………………………………… (drink) bottled water.g- Jennifer is a newscaster. She ………………………………………… (think) the news is

very important.h- She ………………………………………… (love) her job, but at the moment she

……………………………… (enjoy) her day off.

~ focus on simple past ~A – FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE PAST SIMPLE OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS:

When I ___________ (be) in Japan I ___________ (find) everything very different. Two years ago my parents _________ (buy) a new car. Last summer Peter ________ (spend) his holidays in a summer camp with his friends.

They _________ (go) swimming, they _________ (play) football and golf they _______ (visit) many interesting places.

My sister ________ (get) a good job in a bank. Susan and her cousins ___________ (come) to Portugal ten years ago.

B – COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE PAST SIMPLE (AFFIRMATIVE / NEGATIVE / INTERROGATIVE) OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS:

My sister and her husband _________ (come) from Greece. I __________ (not like) the U2 concert. My cousin __________ (phone) from France yesterday evening. On Monday Johann ___________ (go) to school on foot. (they / leave) ___________ the country last Saturday? (you / like) _____________ the film? They _________ (not finish) the homework yesterday. (she / go) _____________ to the cinema with her parents last night?

No, she didn’t. She ___________ (stay) at home. She __________ (get) a cold. We _________ (go) to Spain by car. I _____________ (have) a wonderful holiday with my family last July.

(you / travel) _________ to Madrid by car or by plane? Many years ago it __________ (be) very difficult to live without electricity. Last year they _______ (buy) a house at the seaside. I __________ (meet) him the day before yesterday.

C – CHOOSE THE BEST OPTION FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES: Mrs. Harris __________ the last train.

a) Take b) took c) did take There ________ many people here last night.

a) Was b)were c) wasn’t He _________ at home with me yesterday evening.

a) Were b) was c) be She ___________with her family on holidays.

a) Go b) did go c) went He ___________ some books and CDs.

a) Brought b) bought c) did buy They __________ their passports at home.

a) Leave b) did leave c) left She ________some interesting photos.

a) Take b)taken c) took It __________ a good present.

a) Were b) was c) is ___________ (she /arrive) home at 5:30?

a) Did she arrived b) did she arrive c) arrived

D. FILL IN THE MISSING VERBS IN THE TEXT TO FIND OUT A FASCINATING STORY ABOUT YOUR LIFE. YOU SHOULD CHANGE THE VERBS INTO THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE IN ORDER TO MAKE SENSe

agree - smile - ask - stand - fall - shook - lose - be - begin - pour

A philosophy professor 1) ………………... before his class and had some items in front of him. First he 2) …………..…. filling a large glass jar with golf balls. The students 3) ………….…. that the jar 4) ……..………..… full. So the professor 5) ….……….……... and picked up a box of small pebbles and poured them into the jar. The pebbles, of course, 6) ……………….….. into the small spaces. Then the professor 7) ………….... a box of sand into the jar, 8) ………….…. it, and the sand completely filled the jar.

Then he explained. “The jar represents your life,’ said the professor. ‘The balls are the important things – your family, your religion, your health; if you 9) ……………………. everything else, your life would still be full. The pebbles are the smaller things that matter – your job, your house, your car. The sand represents the trivial things. If you put the sand into the jar first, there is no room for the pebbles or the balls, just like life. Take care of the rocks first- the things that really matter. The rest is just sand.’

One student 10) …………..…. what wine represented. The professor smiled and said:’ Look, what happens!’ then he poured the entire contents of the glasses of wine into the jar and the tea was easily absorbed. ‘Now it’s full’, he said. ‘You know what,’ the professor continued, ‘the moral of the story is simple.

No matter how full your life is, there is always room for a glass of wine with a friend.’

~ focus on past tenses ~

A- Write “When” or “While”!1.I was reading a book ........................................ suddenly I heard a noise.2. ................................. Rose was cooking dinner, her husband went to work.3. ................................ Sandra and Kathy was talking in the living-room,the doorbell rang.4.Ben was playing in a basketball team ................................. he was a kid.5. Sharon came home ................................... her brother was playing video games.6. ................................... Angela got home, she was making some coffee.7. They were sleeping ........................................... the burglars broke in.8. We were having a lesson ........................................ we heard a terrrible noise.9. ...................................... I was cycling, the rain started.10. He broke his arm ....................................... he was playing basketball.

B- Write the correct form of the verbs!1-She met him while she ___________________(travel) on a train.2-While the was woman getting off the bus, she_______________(fall down).3-The thief ___________________(break) into while we were sleeping.4-John took a photo while I ____________________(not/look).5-While my mum was working in the garden , she _______________(hurt) her back.6-We were living in Madrid when our old aunt________________(die).7-When I got up this morning, it _________________(rain) heavily.8- While my dad was brushing teeth, my mum _______________ (fall asleep).9- I saw a nightmare while I ___________________(sleep) last night.10- What happened in your dream while a monster ___________________(chase) you?

C- Write the correct form of the verbs!1- I _______________(study) History when my friends__________________ (come)

around.2- While Susan_______________(walk) in the street, she ____________(meet) an

old friend.3- Her baby_________________ (wake) up while she __________________(clean)

the house.4- He __________________ (work) when her wife

_______________________(phone) him.5- The students ______________(have) a test when the storm ____________(start).6- We ______________(see) a falling star while we ________________(go) fishing in

the lake.7- Susan______________(fall) down while she ___________________(climb) the

ladder.8- I ___________________(walk) along the road when I_____________(see) you with

her.9- Tom _______________(burn)his hand while he _________________(cook)the

dinner.10- Dady _______________(fall) asleep while he __________________(read) a book.

D - Present Simple or Present Continuous OR Past Simple or Past Continuous

1. Water ______________ (not/boil) at 0 degrees- it ____________ (boil) at 100.2. When Chuck Norris _______________ (run) after a bad guy, he always ______________ (catch) him.3. While Chuck ____________________ (eat) dinner, he ________________ (load) his gun.4. Every day Chuck _______________ (get up) at 7 o’clock- he ____________ (not/get up) at noon. He has missions to accomplish.5. Why _______ you __________ (call) me 20 times yesterday? _________ you ___________ (realize) that my phone __________________ (not/work)?6. I can’t stand Justin. He always ________________ (throw) things in class.7. Right now our English teacher _________________(talk) to us about the past continuous and the whole class ________________(sleep)- they _______________ (not/listen) to her.8. Look! Chuck Norris is outside and he ____________ (walk) by our school!9. In 1850 nobody ______________ (play) Minecraft. There ____________ (not/be) any computer games then and worst of all- there ___________ (not/be) any TV!10. After school I usually ____________ (watch) TV to relax and then I ___________ (do) my homework.11. This week my handball team __________________ (practice) three times instead of two. We _________________ (play) against the Halandri team on Saturday.12. Chuck Norris ____________ (drive) his Lotus very fast when a giant monster ____________ (appear) in front of him. He __________ (stop) in time.13. Sorry, Mrs. Crabtree, I _____________ (not/find) my English homework. I think I ____________(leave) it at my friend’s house last night.14. Chuck Norris ___________(not/believe) in ghosts. He ___________ (think) they _________ (not/exist).15. My parents ________ (not/let) me go to the Lady Gaga concert last month. They ___________(think) that the tickets ___________ (cost) too much money.16. Radio announcer says: Pele ___________ (pass) the ball to Ronaldo and he _________ (kick the ball to Messi who ____________ (make) a goal. 17. As Chuck Norris _____________ (draw) his gun out of the holster, the robber _________(panic) and __________(run) away. 18. Everyone __________ be) scared of Chuck Norris. You can say that again.19. Chuck Norris ___________ (hate) robbers and killers. He ___________ (not/need) even a gun to frighten them away.20. Yesterday Chuck Norris _________ (become) the winner of the strongest man in the world.

PAST CONTINUOUS- follow up -

Task 1 - Form the Gerund form of the following verbs.1) get ___________________2) open __________________3) take __________________4) travel _________________5) do ____________________

6) lie ____________________7) run ___________________8) make __________________9) cut ___________________10) eat ___________________

Task 2 - Fill in the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the Past Continuous Tense.1) They ___________________________ in the lake yesterday afternoon. (swim)2) He ___________________________ on the coach. (sleep)3) I ___________________________ a book. (read)4) We ___________________________ breakfast at 7 am yesterday. (have)5) Sarah ___________________________ the fence. (paint)6) The kids ___________________________ the picture. (colour)7) You ___________________________ about the accident. (talk)8) The dog ___________________________ all last night. (bark)9) We ___________________________ to the radio yesterday morning. (listen)10) Pete ___________________________ his car last weekend. (wash)

Task 3 - Write the correct forms (Past Continuous) of the verbs on the lines from this list. to cook to sing to drink to wash to hide to watch to plant to water to play to write

1) When I saw him he ___________________________ some milk.2) You ___________________________ football when you broke your leg.3) Steve ___________________________ TV when the lights went out.4) We ___________________________ when the guests arrived.5) Mum ___________________________ up when someone knocked at the door.6) Nelly ___________________________ songs on the concert.7) John and Jim ___________________________ behind a tree when they were playing

hide-and-seek.8) I ___________________________ the flowers when you came in.Task 4 – Rewrite the sentences into Past Continuous and use the given phrases.

e.g.: The boys are fighting in the schoolyard. (at 3 pm yesterday)

The boys were fighting in the schoolyard at 3 pm yesterday.

1) They climbed the mountain. (when he fell off)2) My dad’s waiting for me. (at 4 pm yesterday)3) You have a shower every day. (when the telephone rang)4) I’ll go home. (when I had a puncture)5) The kids played in the sands. (yesterday)6) You’ve put on some warm clothes. (when I came in)7) Tom rides a bike on Mondays. (when I saw him)8) They’re cleaning the windows now. (when it started to rain)9) He will take notes. (from 2 to 4 yesterday)10) Mum’s ironed the laundry. (yesterday afternoon)11) The students studied Maths two days ago. (yesterday)12) I am staying with my friend this week. (last week)

Task 5 – Write sentences using the given words and the verbs in Past Continuous.e.g.: I * write * a letter * while * you * read. I was writing a letter while you were reading.1) Mum * vacuum-clean * while * dad * wash * the car.2) The kids * draw * pictures * while * the parents * do * the gardening.3) Eve and Dora * skip * the rope * while * the others * play * hide-and-seek.4) Marge * lie * in the sun * while * Dave * swim * in the sea.5) John * build * a sandcastle * while * his mum * solve * crossword puzzles.6) Sally * colour * some pictures * while * her sister * paint * a tree.7) I * eat * some biscuits * while * I * wait * for you.8) The dog * sleep * under the bed * while * Sue * bake * a cake.9) It * get * dark * while * I * talk * on the phone.10) Tim * play * the piano * while * his parents * listen * to it.11) Mandy * tidy * the room * while * mum * wash * the clothes.12) We * do * the homework * while * dad * watch * a football match.

Task 6 - Write the verbs in brackets into Past continuous tense.1.- At 10,30 am Richard ………… (train) with his team for the football match.2.- Sheila ……….. (fly) to Barcelona and she …………. (read) a magazine.3.-My team …………… (lose) the match so I was very sad.4.-The housekeeper ……………. (organize) the bedrooms.5.-The two friends ……………… (finish) the Maths project.6.-The manager …………….. (talk) to the customer.7.-Johnny …………..…..(wear) an elegant grey suit and a blue tie.8.-Miriam ………………… (shout) and I ……………. (cry)9.-The photographers …………… (take) good photos of the event.10.-The top model ……………….. (present) a creation by Chanel.11.- A woman ……………. (explain) the pictures at the museum.12.-Interpol …………….. (look )for the criminals.13.-The famous painter …………… (give) an interview on TV.14.-Barbara …………………(relax) in sea resort.

15.-My sister ……………… (paint) his nails in the bathroom.16.-The maid ………………... (polish) the silverware.17.-The girls ……………… (rehearse) the play.18.-The cat ……………….. (run) after the mouse.19.-The footballer ……………….. (kick) the football.20.- The policeman ………………… (question) the suspect at the police station.20.- Michael ……………….. (not tell) the truth to me.21 .-Yolanda ……………… (not listen) to what I ……………… (say) 22.-The man …………… (try) to start the car.23.-He ………………. (get) furious and exhausted.24.-The parrot ………………… (sit) on the pirate’s shoulder.25.-Liana ……………… (share) the limousine with some friends.26.-They ……………….. (celebrate) her wedding anniversary.27.-Alex …………………. (design) some cool handbags.

PRESENT SIMPLE vs. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

~ multiple choice quiz ~

1 John __________ at this moment. Arrive Arrives are arriving is arriving2 John always __________ on time for meetings.

ArriveArrivesare arrivingis arriving

3 Barbara usually __________ dinner for her husband after work.CookCooksare cookingis cooking

4This week Barbara is away on business so Tom __________ dinner for himself.

CookCooksare cookingis cooking

5 Mr. and Mrs. Parsons __________ to work together every day.DriveDrivesare drivingis driving

6Today Mr. and Mrs. Parsons __________ to work separately because Mr. Parsons has to go to a meeting at another branch.

DriveDrivesare drivingis driving

7 My parents normally __________ breakfast at 7:00 a.m.EatEatsare eating

is eating

8At the moment my parents are on vacation, so they __________ breakfast much later.

EatEatsare eatingis eating

9 My husband and his colleague__________ golf right now.PlayPlaysare playingis playing

10My husband and his colleague __________ golf whenever they are not too busy.

PlayPlaysare playingis playing

11. I ________ you're crazy!A. ? thinkB. ? am thinking

12. You won't find Jerry at home right now. He ________ in the library.a. ? studiesb. ? is studying

13. I ________ lunch in the cafeteria every day.a. ? haveb. ? am having

14. Don't give Jan any cheese. She ________ it!a. ? hatesb. ? is hating

15. Once a week, I ________ to an art class at the college.a. ? gob. ? am going

16. Marie-Claude isn't a Canadian. I ________ she comes from France.a. ? believeb. ? am believing

17. It ________ quite hard — perhaps we shouldn't go out tonight.a. ? snowsb. ? is snowing

18. Salman is rich — he ________ a Mercedes.a. drivesb. ? is driving

19. I ________ to Toronto next Thursday. Do you want to come?a. ? go

b. ? am going20. Look! Junko ________ into the water.

a. ? jumpsb. ? is jumping

21) A: What ................ ? B: He's an engineer.a. is your father doingb. is your father doc. does your father dod. does your father doing

22) Why ................... sunglasses? It's cloudy today.a. do you wearb. are you wearingc. do you wearingd. are you wear

23) A: How often .................... to the cinema? B: About once a month.a. do you gob. are you goingc. are you god. do you going

24) ............... a really good book at the moment.a. I readb. I'm readingc. I reading

25) He................... an iphone, an ipad and a computer. He's so lucky!a. is havingb. havec. has

26) Bill ................... really hard at the moment because his company has just received a big order from China.

a. worksb. is workingc. is work

27) It ............. a lot in La Spezia in winter.a. rainsb. rainc. is raining

28) A: Where's John? B: He's in the bathroom. He ............... a shower.a. hasb. is havingc. is makingd. is doing

29) A: What ........................ ? B: I'm looking for my glasses.a. are you doingb. do you doc. you are doing

30) A: ..................... the party? B: Yes, very much, thank you.a. Are you enjoyingb. Do you enjoyc. Are you enjoyd. Do you enjoying

PAST SIMPLE vs. PRESENT CONTINUOUS~ multiple choice quiz ~

1. We ............... (go) to the park when a strange man ................. (ask) us for money.a. went / asked

b. were going / was askingc. were going / askedd. went / was going2. My father ................. (read) a newspaper while his friends ................. (prepare) dinner.a. was reading / were preparingb. read / preparedc. was reading / preparedd. read / was preparing3. Peter ................. (get) up, ................. (eat) breakfast and .................. (go) to work.a. was getting / was eating / was goingb. got / was eating / wentc. got / ate / was goingd. got / ate / went4. When Jane ................. (wash) her hair, her neighbour ................. (come) in.a. was washing / was comingb. washed / was comingc. was washing / camed. washed / came5. Susan ................. (break) her leg while she ................. (ski).a. was breaking / was skiingb. broke / was skiingc. broke / skiedd. was breaking / was skiing6. I ................. (meet) my wife when I ................. (do) shopping in Auchan.a. met / didb. met / was doingc. was meeting / didd. was meeting / was doing7. My sister ................. (do) her homework and then she ................. (tidy) her room.a. did / tidiedb. was doing / tidyedc. did / was tidyingd. was doing / was tidying8. While the children ................. (sing) their teacher ................. (play) the piano.a. sang / playedb. sang / was playingc. was singing / was playingd. was singing / played9. When Tim ................. (tell) a story the other pupils ................. (whistle).a. told / were whistlingb. was telling / whistledc. told / whistledd. was telling / were whistling10. Harry ................. (play) computer games when he ................. (hear) a strange noise.

a. played / heardb. was playing / was hearingc. was playing / heard. was playing / heard11. They ................. (break) a pot while they ................. (water) the flowers.a. broke / were wateringb. broke / wateredc. was breaking / was wateringd. was breaking / watered12. The wind ................. (blow) when Peter ................. (see) an owl on a tree.a. blew / was seeingb. was blowing / was seeingc. was blowing / sawd. blew / saw13. David’s baby ................. (start) to cry when it ................. (see) an old lady.a. was begining / was seeingb. began / sawc. began / was seeingd. was begining / saw14. My mother ................. (have) a shower when the lights ................. (go) out.a. was having / wentb. had / wentc. had / were goingd. was having / were going15. It ................. (start) to rain when we ................. (play) tennis.a. was starting / were playingb. was starting / playedc. was starting / plaiedd. started / were playing16. He ................. (sit) down, ................. (take) a pen and paper and ................... (write) a

letter.a. sat / took / wroteb. sat / took / was writingc. was sitting / took /was writingd. sat / was taking / was writing17. The students ................. (write) a test when Tim ................. (drop) his pen.a. wrote / was droppingb. were writing / was droppingc. were writing / droppedd. wrote / dropped18. Sam ................. (watch) TV while Bruce ................. (eat) a sandwich.a. was watching / was eatingb. watched / atec. was watching / ated. watched / was eating19. Martin and Eve ................. (take) photos when a strange object ................. (appear) in the

sky.a. took / appearedb. took / was appearingc. were taking / appearedd. were taking / was appearing

20. Kim ................. (visit) two museums, ................. (drink) a bottle of mineral water and ................. (drive) away.

a. visited / drank / was drivingb. visited / drank / drovec. was visiting / was drinking / was drivingd. was visiting / drank/ was driving

21. When I saw Dave, he __________.is workingworkedwas working22. You had a good time at the party, __________ you?hadn't didn't weren't23. __________ when the telephone rang?Were you sleepingDid you sleepWere sleeping24. Dave, when __________ the ESL Cafe on the Web?were you beginbegandid you begin25. You __________ me, did you?understoodweren't understandingdidn't understand26. When __________ yesterday morning?you got updid you get upwere you getting up27. While I __________ to work, I saw an accident. drove was drivingdid drive28. __________ well on this quiz?Did youWere youDid you do

THE NOUN1. Numarul substantivelorNumarul substantivelor reprezinta forma pe care o ia un substantiv pentru a arata ca ne referim la unul sau mai multe obiecte sau fiinte.Singularul este forma de baza a unui substantiv: dog, girl, wife, world, storm (furtuna)Pluralul regulat al substantivelor se formeaza prin adaugarea unui s la forma de singular: - Ex.: cat+s = cats (pisici), day+s = days (zile), world+s = worlds (lumi)Pluralul substantivelor teminate în: ch, o, sh, s, x; se formeaza adaugând es la singular: - Ex.: church+es = churches (biserici), bush+es = bushes (tufisuri), class+es = classes (clase), potato+es = potatoes (cartofi),box+es = boxes (cutii)Pluralul neregulat: Sunt unele substantive care formeaza forma de plural neregulata.

Substantive terminate în consoana+y formeaza pluralul cu ies: Ex.: company - companies (companii), factory - factories (fabrici), baby - babies (bebelusi)

Unele substantive terminate în o fac plural prin adaugarea unui s: Ex.: soprano - sopranos (soprane), piano - pianos (piane), photo - photos (fotografii)

Unele substantive terminate în f sau fe vor avea la plural schimbarea în ves: Ex.: leaf - leaves (frunze), half - halves (jumatati), wife - wives, life - lives (vieti), self - selves (insine), wolf - wolves (lupi)

Exceptii: roof - roofs (acoperisuri), handkerchief - handkerchiefs (batiste), gulf - gulfs (golfuri, prapastii), wharf - wharfs/ wharves (debarcadere)

Câteva substantive formeaza pluralul prin schimbarea unei vocale interne: Ex.: foot - feet (picioare [talpa]), man - men (barbati), tooth - teeth (dinti)

Pluralul substantivului child (copil) este children. (copii). Unele substantive ramân la fel si pentru plural:

Ex.: aircraft (avion, avioane), deer (caprioara, caprioare), series (serie, serii), sheep (oaie, oi), species (specie, specii), fish (peste, pesti)

Pluralul substantivelor compuseÎn cazul substantivelor compuse numai ultimul cuvânt va trece la plural. Ex.: boy-friends (iubiti), break-ins (spargeri), travel agents (agentii de turism)Exceptii: substantivele compuse al caror prim element este man sau woman vor forma pluralul pentru ambele substantive componente. Ex.: men drivers (soferi), women teachers (profesoare), men servants (servitori)În cazul substantivelor compuse formate din constructii de genul substantiv + prepozitie / adverb + substantiv, doar substantivul de baza va primi semnul pluralului. Ex.: sisters-in-law, passers-by, men-of-war, hangers-on, lookers-on, runners-upAbrevierile sau initialele vor forma pluralul prin adaugarea unui s: Ex.: MPs (Members of Parliament), VIPs (very important persons)2. Substantivele unice (uncountable nouns)Substantivele unice sunt cele care in engleza nu se numara (uncountable) deoarece reprezinta unicate sau obiecte puternic individualizate, ori notiuni abstracte.Nume de substante - bread (paine), coffee (cafea), gold (aur), pepper (piper), glass (sticla), oil (ulei, petrol), stone (piatra), wood (lemn).

Abstractiuni - earth (pamant), paradise (paradis), nature (natura), the present (prezentul), advice (sfat), death (moarte), help (ajutor), information (informatie), news (stire), beauty (frumusete), experience (experienta), knowledge (cunoastere), friendship (prietenie), theory (teorie), literature (literatura).Alte substantive - baggage (bagaj), damage (dauna), shopping (cumparaturi), reading (citire), luggage (bagaje), parking (parcare), weather (vreme).3. Forma posesivaPentru a exprima posesiunea unui substantiv, se foloseste Forma posesiva a substantivului, care se formeaza in diferite moduri.- La forma de singular a substantivelor care nu se termina în s se adauga 's : Ex.: a child's voice (vocea unui copil), the people's choice (alegerea oamenilor), a dog's mouth (gura unui caine), women's clothes (haine de /pt. femei)- Cu formele de plural ale substantivelor care se termina în s se foloseste doar apostroful (') : Ex.: a boys' school (o scoala de baieti), the sisters' house (casa surorilor)- Numele proprii terminate în s vor primi fie doar apostrof ('), fie 's : Ex.: Mr Jones's / Mr Jones' car (masina domnului John), Yeats's / Yeats' poems (poeziile lui Yeats)- În cazul substantivelor compuse si a titlurilor, ultimul cuvânt va primi 's : Ex.: My father-in-law's guitar (chithara socrului meu), Henry the Eighth's wife (a opta sotie a lui Henry)- 's se foloseste si dupa initiale sau abrevieri: Ex.: The CEO's assistant (asistentii CEO), the PM's speech (discursul de /a lui PM)

Forma posesiva se foloseste în general când vorbim de oameni, animale, tari. Se foloseste si în urmatoarele cazuri:a) În expresii temporale: Ex.: yesterday's newspaper (ziarul de ieri), in five years' time (in timp de 5 ani), ten minutes' break (pauza de zece minute)b) În expresii construite dupa modelul bani + worth of (bani + in valoare de): Ex.: ten dollars' worth of bananas (banane de zece dolari), a shilling's worth of stamps (timbre in valoare de un siling)c) În alte expresii uzuale, cum ar fi: Ex.: for heaven's sake (pentru Dumnezeu), a winter's day (o zi de iarna), the water's edge (marginea apei), the plane's wings (aripi de avion), the train's departure (statia de tren)

~ practice time ~

PLURAL OF NOUNS

1. My grandparents ____ eleven children. are has have is 2. The Evans have four _____, two boys and two girls. childs childrens children child 3. Three or four ____ are sitting on chairs. man mans men mens 4. Mrs Brown is speaking to three or four ____. women woman wimin wamen waman e is brought to you by www.nonstopenglish.com

5. There ___ many people in the park.is have has can are 6. ____ people have only two children.A An Any Many Much 7. In some countries you can have more ____.wieves wife wifes wiffes wives 8. These people ____ a nice house.wants is have has can 9. One man - two ____.man mean men min mine 10. ____ shoes cost too much.That These This Those 11. ____ there any tea in the cup?Many Is How Do Are 12. One fish - two ____.fisch fisches fish fishes

COUNTABLE vs. UNCOUNTABLE1. He did not need _____.lot of helps many helps much help much helpings much helps 2. How _____ did they need?

much sands much sandes much sand many sands many sandes 3. How _____ did he eat?big chocolate many chocolate much chocholate much chocholates much chocolate 4. How _____ do you want?very tea much teas much tea many teas many tea 5. There weren't _____ at the meeting.many woman many women many womens much woman much women 6. So _____ came that we ran out of food.much people many persons many person many peoples many people 7. Don't talk too _____.lot many much much thing very 8. I do not have _____.many work many works much work much works much works 9. He hasn't got _____ as a teacher. much experiences much experience many experiences many experience a lot of experiences 10. We did not make _____.much mistakes much mistake many mistook many mistakes many mistake 11. It was not _____ to live with him. much funs much funny much funnies much fun many funs 12. This company doesn't have _____. much machinery much machineries much machiner many machineries a lot of machineries 13. Not _____ like maths.many children many childrens many childs much children much childrens 14. There was _____ at meeting on Friday.a lot of fusses many fuss many fusses much fuss much fusses 15. How _____ do you have?

much sheeps much sheep many sheeps many sheep big sheeps 16. How _____ do you have?a lot of luggages many luggage many luggages much luggage much luggages 17. I haven't read _____ about World War II.much informations much information many informations many information lot of informations 18. We haven't got _____ this week.lot of homeworks many homework many homeworks much homework much homeworks 19. This company does not need _____.lot of machine many machine many machines much machine much machines 20. He did not give me _____.much advices much advice many advices many advice a lot of advices

~ THE NOUN – follow up ~

1. Explicaţi de ce s-a transformat sau nu s-a transformat y la următoarele substantive plurale: baby – babies, key – keys, butterfly – butterflies

2. Traduceţi în limba română: The sheep is a mild animal. Our sheep ar in the mountains now. Where are your children?

The child begins to speak. The geese are near the lake. Our kids like the mice in the cartoons.

3. Puneţi substantivele din paranteză la numărul plural: There are hundreds of (book) .................. on the (shelf) .................. All his (toy) ............... are in his room. Those (man)................. are (tourist)....................... (Child) ........................... like (story) ......................... (Leaf) .................... fall in autumn. There are lots of (goose) ....................... on that farm. Did you buy any (potato) ..................... yesterday? Those (woman) .................... are (housewife) ......................... There are some (mouse) ................... in the barn.

4. Treceţi la plural următoarele substantive: class, month, piano, deer, advice, information, hobby, money, map, furniture, box.

5. Care sunt corespondentele feminine ale următoarelor substantive masculine? son, nephew, uncle, father, friend, brother, boy, student, husband, man, king.

6. Vorbiţi despre familia dumneavoastră în cel puţin zece propoziţii. Includeţi şi cuvintele: uncle, aunt, cousin, sister, mother, father, grandmother, grandfather.

7. Formulaţi propoziţii cu substantive la genitiv, conform modelului: John has got a book. This is John’s book. My neighbour has got a car. Lily has got a doll. Dick has got a new bicycle. My cousin has got a new toy. Mister White has got an umbrella. Lawrence and Paul have got an electric train. Peter has got a bicycle and Mary has got a bicycle too.

~ Follow up 2 ~A. Write the correct plural form.1. Man ___________2. Hero ___________3. Ox ___________4. Fox ___________5. Knife ___________6. Table ___________7. Horse ___________8. Dish ___________9. Day ___________10. Child ___________11. Tomato ___________12. Person ___________13. Computer ___________

14. Mouse ___________15. Wife ___________16. Baby ___________17. Door ___________18. Sandwich ___________19. Briefcase ___________20. Thesis ___________21. Cactus ___________22. Dictionary ___________23. Book ___________24. Foot ___________25. Class ___________

B. Change into the plural.1-A child under twelve is not allowed to see this film. 2-A man is looking at the film poster.3-This baby has got one tooth.4-This actress is really beautiful. 5-That actor usually dresses as a cowboy. 6-A sheriff saw the thief. 7-There is only one wolf on the prairie. 8-This woman owns a ranch in the Farwest.9- A buffalo is drinking water from the lake.10-A famous person’s life is an interesting piece of news.11-The book is on the table. 12-A man is picking up a leaf. 13-This piano is very expensive. 14-That knife was used by the thief. 15. There is only one shelf in his bedroom.

C. Write the noun in the correct form (singular or plural):

Tweet, tweet, tweet.My bird alarm _________ (clock) woke me up gently. I opened my big brown

_________(eye) and smiled. Catch those ___________(dimple) in my _________ (cheek). I always wake up with a __________ (smile).

Hey, I’m Bernie Bridges. Why shouldn’t I smile? I had no ________(idea) today was the _______ (day) it would all start. No _____ (idea) that today would lead to the Biggest Pie Battle in the history of the __________ (school) – maybe the __________(world).

How could I know? I was still half-asleep. I raised my _________(head). I could hear the other guys in my _________ (dorm) rushing out to the Dining Hall to get _____________ (breakfast).

Hey, am I going to hurry? No way. I settled back on my feather ___________(pillow) and smiled some more. I knew my faithful ____________(friend) Belzer would bring my ______________ (breakfast) in _________(bed) every _____________(morning). Good __________(kid), Belzer.

I sat up and stretched. “Bernie, you’ve got it made!” I told myself. I talk to myself a lot. I mean, who else understands pure __________(genius)? I put on my __________(glasses). _____________ (sunlight) poured through my ___________ (window). The ____________(curtain) fluttered in a cool _____________ (breeze). I gazed at my favourite _____________(poster) on the __________ (wall), the big ______________ (poster) of ME.

You probably go __________ (home) every ___________ (day) after____________ (school). Poor _________(sucker). My ______________ (parents) travel all the ________(time). So they sent me to the Rotten School, my __________ (home) away from ______________ (home).

It’s a _________________________ (boarding school), see. That means I get to live in a ____________ (dorm) with my _____________(friend). No _____________ (parent).How cool is that?

Actually, we live in an old ____________ (house) called Rotten House. A whole __________ (bunch) of my fourth- and fifth-grade friends live on my __________ (floor). We claimed the third __________ (floor) because it’s good for dropping water______________( balloon) out the ______________ (window).

Mrs. Heinie is our _____________________ (dorm mother). She’s really nice, but she has a_____________( job) to do. That means she’s always snooping around, sniffing in ____________ (corners), keeping an _________(eye) on us.

Mrs. Heinie is also our fourth-grade core ________________(teacher). She has her own _______________ (apartment) in the _______________(attic).

THE ENGLISH PRONOUNMe & To Me

Q1 - Explain it again _____, please. Q2 - She sent a letter _____.

us themto us to them

Q3 - He told a joke _____. Q4 - He sent ____ a letter.

them meto them to me

Q5 - He warned ____ about it. Q6 - Post it _____ as soon as you can, please.

us meto us to me

Q7 - Ayed recommended it ____. Q8 - He wrote _____ a very rude letter.

me meto me to me

Q9 - She wrote a nice letter_____. Q10 - Listen ____.

me meto me to me

Object Pronoun or Reflexive Pronoun?Q1 - I hurt ____ playing football. Q2 - She hurt ____.

me himmyself himself

Q3 - I cut ____ shaving. Q4 - Do you mind if I take ____ home now?

me memyself myself

Q5 - I helped ____ to some food. Q6 - I wanted to do it ____.

me memyself myself

Q7 - He's so ill he can't dress ____. Q8 - She took it upon ____ to organize everything.

him herhimself herself

Q9 - The decision is fine by ____. Q10 - He helped ____ do it.

me memyself myself

Possessive and Reflexive PronounsQ1 - It's ____ party. Q2 - He hurt ____.

my hismine himself

Q3 - She did it ____. Q4 - He took it from ____ room.

hers myherself myself

Either could be used here.

Q5 - I didn't believe ____ story. Q6 - I saw it with ____ own eyes.

her myhers mine

myself

Q7 - No one would help us, so we had to do it ____. Q8 - Someone took it while ___ were asleep.

us ourselvesourself weourselves

Q9 - He'll just have to do it ____. Q10 - It's not ____ problem.

him ourhimself ours

Q11 - I don't think it's____. Q12 - Be careful or you'll hurt ____!

mine yourselfmy yourselvesmyself Either could be used here.

Q13 - It's ____ not mine. Q14 - She didn't do ____ best.

her herhers hersherself herself

PronounsQ1 - Give that to ____. Q2 - Did she see ___?

I usme we

Q3 - Did you phone ____? Q4 - I took it from ____.

she theyher them

herself

Q5 - It's not up to ____. Q6 - My sister and ____ went there.

we Ius me

Q7 - Between you and ____, I think it's a stupid idea. Q8 - ____ is the white one.

I Mineme My

Q9 - What did ____ say about it? Q10 - They said ____ had to pay for it.

them usthey we

Q11 - I told ____ to be here at three o'clock. Q12 - What did ____ want?

he herhim she

Q13 - Tell ____ what happened. Q14 - If ____ have time, it should be OK.

I usme we

Q15 - It's got nothing to do with ____. Q16 - I took ____ both.

you and me ityou and I they

itsthem

Subject and Object PronounsQ1 - I saw ____. Q2 - Give it to ____.

her theyshe them

Q3 - She kissed ____. Q4 - He took ____.

he ithim them

Either could be used here.

Q5 - Did anyone see ____? Q6 - _____ arrived on time.

us Themwe TheyEither could be used here. Either could be used here.

Q7 - What did ____ say? Q8 - She's faster than ____ am.

her meshe IEither could be used here

Q9 - I saw you and ____ there. Q10 - Between you and ____, I really didn't like it.

she meher I

Q11 - My brother and ____ went there. Q12 - He gave it to me and ____.

I shewe herme

They, Them, Their & TheirsQ1 - It took ____ an hour to get to work. Q2 - You take our books and I'll take ____.

they theirthem theirs

Q3 - I am angry with both of ____. Q4 - Do you know ____?

they theytheir themthem

Q5 - Are ____ coming? Q6 - It was very kind of ____ to help.

they theytheir their

them

Q7 - Did ____ speak to you? Q8 - Did you speak to ____?

they theythem them

Q9 - Have ____ been invited? Q10 - Ask ____.

they themtheir theythem

Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns. 1. Does _____ (her, she) know that _____ (me, I) was absent? 2. Please tell _____ ( he, him) _____ (I, me) have obtained a degree in Chemistry. 3. I remember that _____ (they, them) bought the fruits from _____ (we, us). 4. Please don't tell ______ (she, her) about _____ (I, me). 5. _____ can swim because _____ has webbed feet. 6. I met Alice yesterday. _____ invited _____ to her house. 7. Jane has a cat; _____ likes to play with _____. 8. When the dog chased John, _____ ran as fast as _____ could. 9. My uncle works in a factory. _____ says _____ is a noisy place. 10. The teacher said to the class, "When _____ finished your work, please pass _____ up to me."

Fill each blank with a suitable Reflexive Pronoun. 1. He rewarded _____ with an ice-cream. 2. They agreed amongst _____ that they would not tell anyone. 3. I taught _____ to draw. 4. You must explain _____ more clearly. 5. He has a bad temper so he must learn to control _____. 6. We thoroughly enjoyed _____ at the party on Sunday. 7. That monkey is scratching _____. 8. One must defend _____ against bullies. 9. My brother and I bought _____ some apples. 10. She cooks for _____ every day.

Fill in the blanks with ‘which, ‘who', ‘whom' and ‘whose'. 1. The boy, _____ father is a doctor, is my best friend. 2. This is not something _____ we like to do. 3. That man, _____ left leg was amputated, suffers from diabetes. 4. The thief, _____ they caught, was sent to the prison. 5. Our friends, _____ we invited to the party, arrived rather early. 6. The girl, _____ broke the mirror, was scolded by her mother. 7. That is my uncle, _____ car was stolen. 8. That woman, _____ you saw, was my auntie. 9. Kangaroos, _____ use their pouch to carry their babies, are found in Australia. 10. The policeman, ______ caught the thief, is a very brave man.

Possessive Adjective vs. Possessive PronounA Fill out the correct possessive adjective!1. I have a bike. It's bike.2. Mum and I have a boat. It's boat.3. The horse has an apple. It's apple.4. John and Max have a skateboard. It's skateboard.6. You have a dog. It's dog.7. Max and you have a dad. It's dad.B - Fill out the correct possessive pronoun!1. I have a dog. That dog is !2. She has a cat. That cat is !3. We have a car. That car is !4. They have a bike. That bike is !5. He has a key. That key is !6. You have a hat. That hat is !C. Fill in the gaps with the corresponding pronoun or adjective form.- Sheila is an English girl. ………….. is walking with Peter and talking to ……………. - Ann and James are speaking to ………………… teachers, because ……………… have some questions for ……………………….- Jack's friends are in classs. These books are ……………….- We have a very light classroom; ………………………… classroom is on the second floor.- Claire has two dogs; …………………… dogs like playing very - How old are …………………………. ? I am 15 years old.- Can I borrow …………………… rubber? Yes, here ……………….. are.- That bike over there is …………………………. .

~ Follow up ~The indefinite pronoun

Complete the sentences. Choose one of the words in the box

everybody somebody anybody nobody everything something anything nothing everywhere somewhere anywhere nowhere

1. This bag is empty, there isn’t _______________ in it. 2. I’m lonely. I have ____________________ to talk to. 3. I lost my watch. I’ve looked for it _______________. 4. She said ______________, but I didn’t understand her. 5. Did you go _______________ interesting for your vacation? 6. I like the people here. ________________ is very friendly. 7. ’What are you doing here? ’ ’I’m waiting for _______________.’ 8. It’s a secret. Don’t tell _________________. 9. We don’t go out very much, because there’s ____________________ to go.10. ’How much does it cost to visit the museum?’ ’__________________. Why?’11. They live __________________ in the south of France.12. It’s a nice hotel. It’s comfortable and _________________ is clean.


1. Ken never uses his car. He goes _________________ by motorcycle. 2. I’m bored. I don’t have _____________________ to do. 3. Tom lives ________________ near Toronto. 4. I’m looking for my glasses. I can’t find them _________________. 5. ’What did you have to eat?’ ’________________. I wasn’t hungry. ’ 6. I don’t like this place. There’s _____________ to go. 7. Let’s have dinner. _________________ is hungry. 8. I want _______________ to read. I’m going to buy a magazine. 9. The house is empty. _________________ lives there.10. You’re right. _______________ you say is true.11. ’Do you know ______________ in Tokyo?’ ’Yes, I have a few friends there.’12.______________ broke the window.


1. You can have a shower. There’s ________________ in the bathroom. 2. Jack has a bad memory. He can’t remember __________________. 3. Their house is full of books. There are books __________________. 4. ’What’s in that suitcase?’ ’_______________ It’s empty. ’ 5. Stay at home. Don’t go __________________. 6. Do you have ________________ you need? 7. Dan has gone ______________. He didn’t tell anyone where he was going.

8. The tank is almost empty. There’s _______________ a station near here.

9. ’What’s wrong?’ ’I have __________________ in my eye.’10. Tim doesn’t have _________________ to help him. 11. ’Do you know Bob?’ ’Yes, __________________ knows him. ’12.There’s ______________ at the door. Can you go and see who it is?

~ Revision 1~1. Change the underlined words by personal pronouns:1. Alice is my best friend.2. John and Nick are planting trees now.3. Liz and I helped our mum in the kitchen.4. The dog is barking at the cat.5. Tom will call me tomorrow.6. My mother is cooking dinner at the moment.7. The boys were running in the park.

8. Tim sends me SMS every day.9. These books are very interesting.10. Kate gave me a beautiful picture.11. Ann and Sally wrote a letter yesterday.12. Pam and I went to the zoo.13. The girls are knitting now.

2. Choose the correct possessive adjective:1. My/me brother is a dentist.2. Kate took his/her doll from the shelf.3. We water the flowers in their/our garden.4. Pam has taken her/your keys.5. They showed their/our new car.6. This is my/her sister. Her/my name is Liz.7. Tim’s got a new CD. It is our/his CD.

8. Sam has got a dog. Its/it’s name is Boss.9. You’ve got a car. It is his/your car.10. Nick’s got a mobile. It is her/his mobile.11. We’ve got a pet. It is their/our pet.12. I put my/her book on the table.13. You’ve got a new job. It’s her/your job.14. I’ve got a bike. It’s my/his bike.

3. Circle the correct pronoun:1. Sam is talking to her/she.2. I’m looking for they/them.3. Pam is looking at me/my.4. Bob is sending an SMS to her/she.5. I don’t know him/his.6. We like watching it/its.7. Put they/them on the table, please.

8. You’re going with us/we.9. He is going to show I/me his collection. 10. Can you help him/he?11. He is teaching maths to we/us.12. I’m looking at they/them.13. I can lend money to her/she.14. We are waiting for you/your.

4. Fill in the correct possessive pronoun:1. My books. The books are ____.2. His photos. The photos are ____.3. Our letters. The letters are ____.4. Your test. The test is ____.5. Their CDs. The CDs are ____.6. My pet. The pet is ____.7. Her lessons. The lessons are __.

8. Our flag. The flag is ____.9. Her shoes. The shoes are ____.10. My flowers. The flowers are _. __11. Your bird. The bird is ____.12. Their lecture. The lecture is _.13. His mobile. The mobile is ___.14. Our cake. The cake is ____.

5. Choose the correct reflexive pronoun:1. She cooks dinner ____.2. I like to do it ____.3. He does his homework ___.4. We write it ____.5. They cleaned the rooms ____.6. She eats soup ____.7. I wash my hair _____.8. He made a report ____. 9. I sent a letter _____.10. We watered the trees ____.11. They bought the tickets ___.

12. He cuts the bushes ____.13. I knit everything ____.14. You drew this picture ____.

6. Correct the mistakes:1. John is ours friend.2. Pam is me best friend.3. He gave mine an interesting book.4. Look! This book is me.5. She writes letters myself.6. Look at him pet. It is nice.7. This is my friend. Him name is Tim.8. Me father’s name is David.9. We drew this picture themselves.10. I saw his yesterday.11. Please, show my your photo.12. Her plays tennis every day.13. I’ll give his my phone number.14. They are waiting for our.

THE ARTICLE

EXERCISE 1 Fill in the gaps. I am from Winchester, Hampshire. Winchester is ……….. city in …………….. United Kingdom. I live in …… town called ………….. Taunton which is on ………… River Tone. I live in ………….. house in ……… quiet street in the countryside. ……………. street is called "Hudson Street" and ………… house is old - more than 100 years old! I am ………….. English lecturer at …….. college near …………… centre of ………………. town. I like ………….. books, music and taking ……….. photographs. I usually have ………… lunch at college. I usually go ……….. home by ……….. car. We have all kinds of food in ………. England. I like …………. Polish food very much. Sometimes, I go to ……… Polish restaurant in Bath. ………….. restaurant is called "Magda's". ………. Polish food is delicious!

EXERCISE 2 a, an, the, zero 1. Robert and Jessica went to ___ party last night. 2. Can you tell me how to get to ___ cinema from here? 3. ___ college is closed today. 4. Gregory is one of ___ strangest people I know.5. I recommend you to try ___ tomato soup at this restaurant. 6. ___ beer is good for you.7. Would you like to see ___ film? 8. ___ apple a day keeps ___ doctor away. 9. I can't believe I failed ___ yesterday's test! 10. Do you have ___ dictionary that I can borrow?

EXERCISE 3There were many dogs in the park. One dog was ___ Dalmatian. 1. Pandas and ___ tigers are both endangered animals. 2. Magda is wearing ___ blue dress with red shoes3. Bornholm is ___ island in the Baltic Sea. 4. Christmas comes once ___ year. 5. ___ owl is __ bird. 6. The Severn is ___ river.7. Jane went to the shop to buy ___ bread. 8. Hania broke ___ glass when she was washing-up. 9. Tom took ___ umbrella as it was raining heavily.

EXERCISE 41. This is ___ easy question. 2. Stephen could you speak ___ little louder? 3. May I have your ___ phone number? 4. I have never seen ___ UFO. 5. May I ask you ___ question? 6. Astrid is ___ best teacher in our school. 7. What is ___ name of the next station? 8. My girlfriend has ___ my car today. 9. I went to ___ sea during my summer holiday. 10. Is there ___ cash machine near here?EXERCISE 5This is Joanna. She's _____ doctor.

a. ab. an

1. Simon is ____ engineer.a. ab. an

2. That's Sandra. She's ___ hairdresser.a. ab. an

3. Sean Connery is ___ actor.a. ab. an

4. John is ____ electrician.a. ab. an

5. Mr. Sańko is ___ teacher.a. ab. an

6. This is Shirley. She's ___ housewife.a. ab. an

7. That's Mark. He's ___ police officer.a. ab. an

8. I'm ____ student.a. ab. an

9. Kate Winslet is ____ actress.a. ab. an

EXERCISE 6Fill in each blank with the appropriate article. If no article is required, put a "0" in the blank. The nouns that the articles go with are in italics.

1. _______(a) Decline and Fall of ______(b) Roman Empire 2. ________(a) complexity of _______(b) problem of ______(c) decline and fall of the Roman

Empire is made evident by _______(d) wide variety of causes that are emphasized in varying degrees by _______ (e) different authors.

3. Fortunately, ________(a) concise formulation of Edward Gibbon serves as _________(b) widely accepted basis for _______(c) modern discussion of _________(d) problem.

4. According to Gibbon, _________(a) empire reached its peak during _______(b) administration of ________(c) two Antonines.

5. After that, however, ________(a) extent of ________(b) Roman conquest became too great to be managed by _______(c) Roman government, and _______(d) decline began.

6. ______(a) military government was weakened and finally dissolved as ______(b) barbarians were allowed to constitute ______(c) ever-growing percentage of ______(d) Roman legions.

7. ______(a) victorious legions began to dominate and corrupt _______(b) government, weakening it at ______(c) time when it most needed ______(d) strength to overcome _______(e) other problems

READING COMPREHENSION 1Forms of Matter

Everything around you is made of matter. Scientists group matter based on its properties, or characteristics: what it looks like and how it acts in different situations. Matter can take three different forms. The three forms are solid, liquid, and gas.

Solid matter has a definite shape. It also takes up a definite amount of space. This means it has a specific volume. If you could look at solid matter under a very powerful microscope, you would see its tiny particles moving back and forth. The particles are packed together, so they vibrate in place. Their overall shape does not change.

Liquid matter takes the shape of its container. When liquid is in a cup, it is shaped like the cup. When the liquid is in a vase, it is shaped like the vase. The volume of the liquid stays the same. If you were to look at liquid matter under the microscope, you would see its tiny particles sliding past each other. Because of this unique sliding movement, the liquid is able to change its shape so we can pour it.

In the form of a gas, matter is usually invisible. The air around us has several different gases, like the oxygen we breathe in and the carbon dioxide we breathe out. If you could look at gas matter under the microscope, you would see its tiny particles floating around with lots of space in between them. They spread out to fill any container the gas is placed in.

Answer the following questions based on the reading passage. Don’t forget to go back to the passage whenever necessary to find or confirm your answers.

1) What does the word properties mean in the first paragraph? 2) What are the three forms that matter can take? 3) What does the word vibrate mean in the second paragraph? 4) What is one difference between a solid and a liquid? 5) Are the tiny particles closer together in a solid, a liquid, or a gas?

Traveling to the Distant WestIn the early days of America, the original colonies were fairly close together on the East Coast.

Travel was by foot, by boat or by horse. People used a horse and wagon to take goods from one place to another over land. As more and more settlers arrived, they needed a better way to travel. Transportation expanded to include a few tracks of railroad. Travel in settled areas was not hard.

America began to expand toward the west. It was not as easy to get by with walking, riding a horse or using a wagon. The western lands were unknown. Many settlers went far away to claim land for their own. New areas, like the Oregon Territory, offered rich land for those who would travel there. The California Gold Rush of 1849 gave many people dreams of becoming rich. They decided to travel there and try to fi nd gold. Many families stayed behind while husbands and fathers went alone. They planned to make a home where their families could join them later.

Theodore Judah saw that people needed a faster way to travel in this new direction: west. It was his dream to unite the east and west with the fi rst transcontinental railroad. It would be a train system that would reach from one side of the continent to the other. Thousands of workers came to California to help build the tracks going east from Sacramento. Many others started building west from Nebraska. In 1869, the tracks met in Promontory, Utah. Suddenly, the parts of our nation that had seemed so distant were joined once again by the tracks.


1) When the colonies were close together, how did most people travel? 2) What two things made a lot of people want to move west to settle? 3) What was Theodore Judah’s dream? 4) Why do you think that workers built the railroad from both sides at the same time? 5) How did the new railroad make the country feel more united?

In Danger of ExtinctionA species is the name for a group of animals that are alike, such as lions and tigers. If a species is

endangered it means there are very few of those animals left in the world. If all the animals in a species die, the species becomes extinct. Those animals are gone forever.

Many species are protected. A protected species means governments have made laws against killing the animals.

The koala is close to being an endangered species. Interestingly, the koala is partly to blame for its decline. Koalas are too stubborn for their own good!

When you were younger, were you a picky eater? Did your parents have to force you to eat things that were good for you? Hopefully you listened to what they taught you and ate your dinner. Koalas are picky eaters. They live in tall eucalyptus trees. Many of these trees are also called gum trees.

Koalas eat the leaves of those trees. Since there are over 600 different types of eucalyptus trees, the koala should have no trouble finding food. But koalas are picky! They only want certain eucalyptus tree leaves to eat. Out of the 600 varieties of trees, koalas will only eat the leaves of about 120 kinds of eucalyptus tree. Some are even pickier than that. The koalas of a specific area will only eat about four or five kinds of eucalyptus leaves. They would rather starve than eat the other kinds. Now that’s stubborn!

The biggest problem for koalas now is that the brush land in Australia is being cut down. Towns and cities are pushing farther into the brush. Since many koalas live there, they are losing their tree homes and the trees leaves that feed them.


1) What does it mean when an animal is extinct? All the animals in a species die and they are gone forever.

2) Imagine if you were like a koala and ate only one kind of food. What kind of food would it be? student’s choice

3) What is another name for many gum trees? eucalyptus tree4) Why do you think the koala is so picky? student’s choice 5) What would you tell people to get them to stop cutting down the brush land where koalas live?

PRACTICE I a. Present perfect simpleI. Write the participle forms of the following verbs.1. shut → 2. spend → 3. give →

4. teach → 5. sell →

II. Complete the table in present perfect simple.positive Negative question

We have chatted.The lesson has not started.

Have we won?She has turned around.

They have not arrived.III. Write sentences in present perfect simple.1. we / reach / our goal - 2. our team / lose / the match - 3. she / underline / the word - 4. they / not / discover / the treasure - 5. Ron / not / talk / about the problem - IV. Write questions in present perfect simple.1. you / knock / at the door - 2. the teacher / mark / the tests - 3. she / buy / a new computer - 4. they / rescue / the girl - 5. Brad / wear / a blue shirt - V. Ask for the information in the bold part of the sentence.1. They have seen him at the library. - 2. Robby Robber has robbed another bank. - 3. Bill has ordered three desserts. - 4. Clara has repeated the sentence five times. - 5. Jane has asked a question. -

b. Present perfect continuousI. Write the ing-form of the following verbs.1. cry → 2. prepare →

3. lie → 4. win →

II. Choose the correct form: have or has and since or for.1. Emma been learning English five years. 2. My friends been living here 2003. 3. I been waiting for Danny 20 minutes. 4. Ross and Gavin been travelling around Australia six weeks. 5. Carol been exercising in the gym 2 o'clock. III. Write sentences in present perfect progressive.1. Kevin / read → 2. you / TV / watch / all day → 3. Paul / to the radio / listen / not → 4. the men / cards / play → 5. the girls / cycle / not → IV. Write questions in present perfect progressive.1. Carol / shout → 2. you / dance → 3. Kevin / run → 4. they / on the phone / talk / how long → 5. these books / lie / on the floor / how long →

c. Diferenţa dintre prezent perfect simplu şi continuuPrezent Perfect Simplu Prezent Perfect Continuu Accent pe rezultat Accent pe durata sau cursul acţiunii

Acţiune din trecut înspre prezentAcţiune terminată dar care influenţează prezentul

I. Pune verbele la prezent perfect simplu sau continuu şi tradu:1. I (play) ____________________________ football for five years. 2. My team (win / only) __________________________ two matches so far. 3. The others (be / always) _____________________________ better. 4. Are we not there yet? We (walk) ________________________________for hours. 5. But we (cover / only) ___________________________________an area of five miles so far. 6. I (finish/just) ______________________________my homework. 7. I (work) ________________________________ on this essay since two o'clock. 8. Jane (go out) ______________________________ with Bob for seven years. 9. Martin (date) ___________________________ three girls this week. 10. How long (wait / you) __________________________ for us?

Robin: I think the waiter (forget) ________________________ us. We (wait) ________________________ here for over half an hour and nobody (take) _________________________________ our order yet. Michele: I think you're right. He (walk) _________________________________by us at least twenty times. He probably thinks we (order, already) ______________________________________________________________. Robin: Look at that couple over there, they (be, only) _____________________ here for five or ten minutes and they already have their food.Michele: He must realize we (order, not) ________________________________ yet! We (sit) _______________________________________________here for over half an hour staring at him.Robin: I don't know if he (notice, even) _____________________us. He (run) ____________________________ from table to table taking orders and serving food. Michele: That's true, and he (look, not) _____________________________________ in our direction once. II. Alege varianta corectă şi tradu: 1. I'm very hungry. I___________ all day. a) didn't eat b) haven't ate c) haven’t eaten d) have been eating2. Their new kitchen looks fantastic. They ________ completely ________ it. a) have been redecorating b) have redecorated c) already redecorated d) didn't redecorated3. Our kitchen’s a mess. We_______ any cleaning for weeks. a) didn't do b) haven't been doing c) have done d) haven't done4. I think they are dating. They______________ a lot of each other recently. a) had seen b) haven't been seeing c) have been seeing d) have seen5. We've discovered this great café and we__________ there a lot. a) have been going b) have gone c) are going

d) have went6. How's your Mum? I _________ her for ages. a) had seen b) haven't seen c) haven't been seeing d) didn't see7. You're covered in paint! What __________ you __________? a) have done b) were doing c) did do d) have been doing8. She’s gone to the doctor's. She ______________________ too well lately. a) hasn't felt b) hasn't been feeling

c) has felt

d) doesn't feel9. Where have you been? I__________________ for ages.

a) have waited b) waited

c) was waiting

d) have been waiting10. I have to write an essay. I_____ about half of it so far.

a) have written b) have been writing

c) wrote

d) have to write

~ FOLLOW UP ~A. Fill in with for, since, just, already, yet1.- My son went to the supermarket but he hasn’t come back …….2.- Leonard has ……….. made his bed but he hasn’t called his girlfriend …….3.- Miriam has lived in Morocco ……………… she was ten years old.4.- We have ………….. met the new teacher at the high school.5.- The waiter has ………. brought me some coffee and biscuits.6.-Have they visited London ………? No, they haven’t …………. gone there.7.-That man has ............ come late again. His boss is very angry with him.8.-Has the girl lived in France ……….. five years? Yes, she arrived five years ago.9.-The plane has flown ………. twelve hours.10.-The businessman has worked in the same office ……… he was twenty-five years old.11.-There has been many accidents on this road ………… last year.12.-John has performed the same play ……….. a long time.13.- The woman hasn’t sold her car ………., but she wants to sell it.14.- I have known my boyfriend ……………….. we were at primary school.

B. Choose the correct option.1 I have / has already finished my homework.2 My son have / has just started the university.3 The Black family have / has gone to the seaside.4 Dad haven’t / hasn’t watered the plants.5 Have / Has Sam ever been to the USA?6 Our English teachers have / has never ridden a horse.7 Ann, Frank and Jim have / has bought a new house.8 Have / Has you taken the dog for a walk?9 The weather have / has been terrible since yesterday.

C. Are these sentences correct () or not ()? Correct the incorrect ones.1 Clara hasn’t just done her homework.2 They have lived here since 2006.3 I have just saw a great film on TV.4 My English teacher has just missed the bus.5 Have you ever gone to Italy?6 Mum have already drunk her coffee.7 They haven’t phoned me since yesterday.8 I have known him since 5 years.9 My friend, Nicola has been to New York.10 The plane hasn’t arrived

D. Choose the right option1. John hasn’t eaten_________yesterday.(a) for (b) since (c) ago2. I’ve had my beach towel________two years. (a) for (b) since (c) ago3. We haven’t travelled__________2001. (a) for (b) since (c) ago4. The teacher rang the bell two hours________.(a) for (b) since (c) ago

5. I haven’t seen the dentist_______last May.(a) for (b) since (c) ago6. He hasn’t been in space ____ the last years. (a) for (b) since (c) ago 7. The criminal hasn’t been in jail______2010. (a) for (b) since (c) ago8 . I haven’t eaten watermelon____last summer. (a) for (b) since (c) ago9. Mary made lots of money at the sale two weeks _________. (a) for (b) since (c) ago10. I haven’t heard Mexican music _____I was a little girl. (a) for (b) since (c) ago11. John hasn’t built any houses _____ last year.(a) for (b) since (c) ago12. Two years________the trees produced lots of sap.(a) for (b) since (c) ago

E. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE VS. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS1) Put the verb into the more suitable form, present perfect simple or present perfect continuous.

1. Look! ……………………………… (somebody / break) that window?2. You look tired. ………………………………. (you / work) hard?3. “…………………………………… (you / ever / work) in a factory?” “No, never”. 4. “Liz is away on holiday”. “Is she? Where ………………………………. (she / go)?”5. My brother is an actor. ………………………………….. (he / appear) in several films. 6. “Sorry, I’m late” “That’s all right. ……………………………… (I / not / wait) long”.7. “Is it still raining?” “No, ……………………………….. (it / stop).”8. ………………………………….. (I / lose) my address book. ……………………………. (you /

see) it?9. …………………………………. (I / read) the book you lent me, but …………………..... (I /

not / finish) it yet. It’s very interesting. 10. …………………………… (I / read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back now.

2) For each situation, ask a question using the words in brackets. 1. You have a friend who is learning Arabic. (how long / learn / Arabic?)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..2. You have just arrived to meet a friend. She is waiting for you. ( wait / long?)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..3. You see somebody fishing by the river. (catch / any fish?)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..4. Some friends of yours are having a party next week. (how many people / invite?)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..5. A friend of yours is a teacher. (how long / teach?)

………………………………………………………………………………………….6. You meet somebody who is a writer.

(how long / write / books?) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ( how many / books / write)) ………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. A friend of yours is saving money to go on holiday. (how long / save?) ……………………………………………………………………………………………..

(how much money / save?) ……………………………………………………………………………………………..

PRACTICE~ present perfect vs. simple past ~

A) Underline the correct one1) I lost – have lost my wallet. I cannot find it anywhere. I looked – have looked at the

bedroom but it wasn’t there.2) I didn’t sell – haven’t sold my car. I decided – have decided to keep it. 3) Didn’t you finish – haven’t you finished your work yet?4) They went – have gone to New York. They must be having great time. Last semester I was –

have been there and I had – have had wonderful time.5) Selma lived – has lived in Qatar for two years. Last month she moved – has moved to

Barcelona. 6) I was – have been born in Sydney but I lived – have lived in Canberra.7) “Did he help – has he helped you

with your Spanish exam?” “No, he didn’t – hasn’t. He is busy.”

8) My father was – has been very busy recently.

9) We bought – have bought a new house. It has got a very large garden.

10) She was – has been a teacher when she was – has been 21.

B) Fill in the blanks with the given time expressions.last month – since 2003 – in 1978 – just (2)- already – yesterday – yet (2) – last summer –

ever – ten minutes ago1) I haven’t watered the flowers ________.2) ________, I bought a mobile phone but I lost it. 3) My family has lived in Dubai ________. 4) The train left ________. I missed it.5) I graduated from high school ________.6) Haven’t you made up your mind ________?7) He has ________ painted the benches. They are wet.8) Have you ________ been to Istanbul? 9) It was very cold ________ but today it is warm and sunny.10) We have ________ found a new servant. 11) We were in Hawaii ________. It was an unbelievable holiday.12) I have ________ phoned Melisa. She is fine. We don’t need to phone her again.

C) Rewrite the sentences.1) I prepared the table a few minutes ago. ( just )

__________________________________________.2) She has already done the washing up. ( an hour ago )

____________________________________.

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3) We didn’t get ready for the party. ( yet ) ___________________________________________.

4) Have you ever visited an orphanage? ( last year ) ______________________________________.

5) Uncle Tom took me to the school today. ( already ) _______________________________________.

6) Dorothy has just watered the flowers. ( two minutes ago ) ________________________________.

7) They have never been to Bangkok. ( in the past ) ____________________________________.

8) Haven’t you put on your jacket yet? ( in the morning ) __________________________________.

9) The clients have complained about the products for hours. ( this afternoon ) _____________________________________________.

10) I didn’t play chess last year. ( since ) _____________________________________________.

11) The children didn’t turn back from the school. ( yet ) _____________________________________________.

12) My father has just come in. ( one minute ago )_____________________________________________.

13) Susan didn’t spend her summer in Italy last year. ( never )_____________________________________________.

D) Write sentences using present perfect or past simple tensea) Mr Jones /work/ for my father /for 15 years.b) Juliette /start/to teach at the school in 2009.c) The girls /ask/ the teacher / some questions.d) Christopher /want/to buy the iPod /yesterday.e)Mathew /travel/ to Germany/ 3 weeks ago.f)Hector /understand/ the problems/already.g)Alice /drink/ a glass of orange juice.h)She /not have/ wash/ her hair this morning.i) Nuria /enjoy/ the school play/ last Saturday.j) Lawrence/take/ the books /to the library.

E) Present perfect or simple past?1. I ___________ (see) the twins in town last week.2. _____________________(you/ever/meet) her brother?3. Where __________________(you/be) last weekend?4. ______________ (you/see) Kathleen?5. We ________________ (not/go) on holiday last year.6. I love clothes. I ______________ (buy) a lot this year.7. What _____________ (you/do) last weekend?8. Dad ______________ (repair) the car, you can use it now.9. Agatha Christie _____________ (live) from 1890 to 1976.

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10. Granny still _________________ (not/find) her glasses.11. Where ______________ (you/buy) your laptop?12. Oh! You ______________ (paint) the kitchen, I like the colour.13. What time _______________ (you/get) home last night?14. Emma! Your letter ________________ (arrive) at last!15. The weather ______________ (be) good all week.16. I _______________ (finish) work early yesterday.17. Sue’s not here, she _______________ (go) out.18. The weather ____________ (not/be) very good last week.19. We ______________ (be) to the cinema twice this month.20. Brian ____________ (live) in England until the age of 14.

F) Match the beginnings with the correct endings:

1. I didn‘t browse a) I don‘t know the time.2. Have you ever left a cafe b) the morning show yesterday?3. Did you see c) his job now he is unemployed.4. I lived in d) the Internet last week.5. Have you seen e) the radio five minutes ago.6. My clock stopped f) Paris twenty years ago.7. I have broken g) without paying?8. He turned on h) the morning show this morning?9. My watch has stopped i) my leg skiing in the mountains.10. I read the book j) when I was at school.11. We haven‘t browsed k) yesterday without paying?12. Did you leave a cafe l) at midnight.13. I have lived here m) it is very interesting.14. My father lost n) the Internet since our computer broke.15. I have read the book o) since 1999.16. He has lost p) his job in May.17. You have turned off q) in a skiing accident last year.18. Did you have r) the telly i can‘t hear anything.19. He broke his leg s) your breakfast in the morning?20. Have you had t) your dinner today?

~ All tense review ~ CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER 1.- Lucy ………. to Australia by plane next month. a) are going b) is going) c) goes2.- Miriam ………. Maths at university ten years ago. a) study b) studied c) is studying3.- Williams ……… .swimming in the sea last Saturday. a)were b) was c) weren’t4.- Hector .…… good marks at the final exams. a)get b)getting c) got5.- …….. John …….. his grandfather last night? a)do … call b)does …..call c)did …call

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6.- Sheila ………. the teacher some questions now. a)ask b)asked c)is asking7.- My father is ……… than your father. a)strong b)the strongest c)stronger8.-Elisa is as ……… as her brother. a)cleverer b)clever c)the cleverest9.-Silver is ….….. expensive than gold. a)more b)less c)much10.-The train is ……… than the bus. a)early b)earlier c)the earliest11.-My team is very good. I think we …….. win the next match. a)will b)are c)won’t12.-My uncle ……on holidays tomorrow afternoon. a)are going b)is going c)aren’t going13.-Look! There are clouds in the sky. It …….. rain soon. a)won’t b)will c)is going to14.-How do you go to school? a)on foot b)the car c) bus15.-How ……….is a kilogram of apples? a)many b) often c)much16.- a)The girl’s cats are white b)The cats’ girl are white c)The girl’s cats is white 17.-There aren’t …….. cinemas here. a)much b)many c)a little18.- There isn’t …….. sugar in my tea. a)many b)much c) a19.-Does the boy wear …… uniform for school? a)an b)a c)some20.-The secretary …….. all the letters yesterday. a)send b) is sending c)sent21.-Julio ……… in this town for 20 years. a)have lived b)has live c)has lived22.-Where ……… your sister born? a)was b)were c)are 23.-I have just …….. my homework. a) finish b)finishing c)finished24.-My dad ……. already ……….. home. a)have ….. came b) has….. come c)has came25.-My neighbours are ……… noisy at weekends. a)enough b)too 26.-Thomas isn’t ……. enough to reach the shelf. a) short b)tall c) strong27.-Charles …….. up very early yesterday. a) woke b)wakes c) is waking28.-Mrs Dorrit ……..... in my school since 1998. a) have taught b)has taught29.-The cinema isn’t ………. the park. a) near b) far c)between30.-Roberto is very friendly. He has …….. friends. a)much b)many c)little31.-I’m very thirsty. a) Can I have a water? b)Can you give me something to drink?32-At 5,30 my friend Paul ……..with his mum. a)were shopping b)wasn’t shopping 33.-Patricia ……… lost in the big city in 2011. a)get b)got c)is getting34.-His father often ………. me a lift to work. a)gives b)giving c)give35.- a) I have never flown by helicopter b)I have never fly by helicopter36.-Probably ……. peace in the world soon. a )there will be b) there isn’t37.-Frederick ……. Law at university. a) will studies b)will study c)wont’ studying38.-If Sarah …… her leg, she won’t play tennis. a) hurt b)hurts c)hurting39.-The student won’t pass the exam unless he ……… harder. a)study b) studying c)studies40.-If the boy doesn’t run fast, he …….. win the race. a) won’t b)will c) don’t

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE APPROPRIATE VERBAL TENSE.1.- Josephine ………….. (eat) two bananas for lunch yesterday.2.- My cat never ……..(sleep) in my bed.3.- Jim is a scientist. He ………….. (study) extreme weather.4.- Have you ever been …………. (trap) in a lift?5.- Police …………..(look) for the missing child.6.-Today is my mother’s birthday, so I …………. (buy) her a good present.

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7.- The children ………….. (swim) in the sea when it ………….. (start) to rain.8.- Many students ………… (wear) costumes for the festival.9.- The tornado ……….… (hit) the little town two years ago.10.- We …………. (go) to take paper, bottles and cans to special recycling containers.11.-They chose a name for the dog while they………………… (walk) in the park.12.- Patrick ………….. (learn) Spanish at school.13.- Lorena and her father often ………. (go) to the National Museum on Saturday afternoon.14.- Raymond ……….. just………. (come) home.15.- My brother ……….(be) angry with me because I ……….. (forget) his birthday.16.- The exam was difficult because I ………… (not study) the day before.17.- I ………… (give) you a prescription for your sore throat.18.-Thomas ….......... (find) the treasure if he asked his friends.19.-………….. you……….. (do) the project yet?20.-Margaret ………….. (not visit) her sister in London last month.21.-If I were you, I ……………….(not marry) Tony. He doesn’t love you.

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PRACTICEpast perfect simple/continuous

I. Write the past participle (3rd form) of the following irregular verbs.1. speak - 2. catch - 3. eat -

4. understand - 5. begin -

II. Complete the sentences in Past Perfect Simple (positive).1. I lost the key that he (give) _____________________ to me. 2. She told me that she (see) ____________________ a ghost. 3. I went downstairs because I (hear) ___________________ a noise. 4. When they came home, Sue (cook) ___________________ dinner already. 5. We could not send you a postcard because we (forget) ___________________ our address book. III. Complete the sentences in Past Perfect Simple (negative).1. The waiter served something that we (not / order) _______________________. 2. He went to Alaska where he (not / be) _______________________ before. 3. She put on the red dress, which she (not / wear) ___________________ for ages. 4. He (not / play) ________________________tennis before that day. 5. His mother was angry because he (not / help) _______________________ her with the shopping. IV. Complete the questions in Past Perfect Simple.1. (you / finish) your homework before you went to the cinema? 2. (why / you / clean) the bathroom before you bathed the dog? 3. (you / have) breakfast before you came here? 4. (she / find) a place to stay when she went to Boston? 5. (where / she / live) before she moved to Chicago? V. Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect progressive).1. We (sleep) ________________________ for 12 hours when he woke us up. 2. They (wait) ________________________ at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived. 3. We (look for) _______________________ her ring for two hours and then we found it in the bathroom. 4. I (not / walk) ________________________ for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain. 5. How long (learn / she) ___________________ English before she went to London? 6. Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he (sing) ____________________ in the rain too long. 7. He (drive) ___________________________ less than an hour when he ran out of petrol. 8. They were very tired in the evening because they (help) ____________________ on the farm all day. 9. I (not / work) ______________________ all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night. 10. They (cycle) ______________________ all day so their legs were sore in the evening. VI. Write the verbs in Past Perfect Simple.

1. The pupils talked about the film they (watch) ………………………… . 2. I was late for work because I (miss) ……………………… the bus. 3. We lived in the house that my father (build) ……………………………… . 4. We admired the picture that Lucy (paint) …………………………… . 5. They watered the trees that they (plant) ………………………………… . 6. The teacher corrected the tests that the pupils (write) ……………………………. . 7. I received a good mark in my test because I (practise) ……………………………...…..…………….. on ego4u. 8. The mail order house did not send me the shirt that I (order) ……………………………….. . 9. I had to clean the floor because my cats (knock) ………………………….……………..… over the flower pots. 10. My friend was in hospital because she (slip) ………………………………………………….. on a banana skin

VII. Write the verbs in Past Perfect Simple. Use the negative form.1. In the shopping centre, I met a friend who I (see / not) ………………………………………..………… for ages. 2. The thief could walk right into the house because you (lock / not) ……………………………………... the door. 3. We lost the match because we (practise / not) ……………………………………………….….. the days before. 4. At school, Jim quickly copied the homework that he (do / not) …………………………………………………… . 5. We ate at a restaurant last night because I (buy / not) …………………………….…………anything for dinner.

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6. When we came back, it was cold in the house because Alice (close / not) ……….……………….the windows. 7. All day long, Phil was angry with me just because I (greet / not) …………………………………..…….him first. 8. When I met Jane at eleven o’clock, she (have / not) ………………………………….……………. breakfast yet. 9. I couldn’t go to the cinema with my friends last night because I (finish / not) ……………………………….

…………………. my homework yet. 10. Fred answered my question although I (ask / not) …………………………………………………………….. him.

VIII. Complete the questions in Past Perfect Simple.1. (what / Bob / do) ………………………………………………………………….. that he was kept in after school? 2. (you / eat) …………………………………………...…………………… anything before you went to the theatre? 3. (he / live) …………………………………………..……………………. in London before he moved to Glasgow? 4. (she / find) ……………………………………………………………………………….…… a new job by that time? 5. (they / book) …………………………………………...………………………. a room before they went to Dublin? 6. (how often / you / ring) ……………………………...……………………. the bell before he answered the door? 7. (why / they / have) ……………………………...………………………….. dinner before they came to the party? 8. (Carly / wash) …………………………………………………………….. the dishes when her mum came home? 9. (you / read) ………………………………………………………………………. the contract before you signed it? 10. (who / live) ………………………………………………...…………………….. in the house before we moved in?

IX. Put the verbs into the correct form .1. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build) ………………………………………………….…………….. 2. He (not / be) …………………………………………………………………………….. to Cape Town before 1997. 3. When she went out to play, she (do / already) ……………………………….……………………. her homework. 4. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum (make) ……………………………………………………..………… . 5. The doctor took off the plaster that he (put on) …………………………...……………………. six weeks before. 6. The waiter brought a drink that I (not / order) ………………………………………………………….…………… . 7. I could not remember the poem we (learn) ………………………………….…………………… the week before. 8. The children collected the chestnuts that (fall) ……………………………………………………… from the tree. 9. (he / phone) …………………………………………………………. Angie before he went to see her in London? 10. She (not / ride) …………………………………………………………………..………….. a horse before that day.

PRACTICE IIIPresent Perfect Simple / ContinuousComplete the sentences with correct form of the verbs. Use the Present Perfect Simple or Continuous. Use short forms where possible.

1 How long _______flu? (have)

2 We _______the house all morning. (clean)

3 I _______abroad for a year, but now I'm going home. (live)

4 Ouch! I _______my finger on the oven!. (burn)

5 Alan _______French since September. (learn)

6 How long _______Jim? (you go out with) Present Continuous / Present Perfect Continuous Mr. Smith: So tell me a little bit about yourself, Mr. Harris. I would like to find out a little bit more about your background. Mr. Harris: I (work) _____________________________ in the insurance industry for over ten years. I worked for Met Life for six years and World Insurance for four and a half. During that time, I heard many good things about Hollings

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Life Insurance and that's why I (apply) __________________________________ for the new sales position. Mr. Smith: Tell me a little about your hobbies and interests. Mr. Harris: In my spare time, I hike in the mountains outside of town, volunteer at the Sierra Club and play tennis. In fact, I (compete) ________________________________________ in a tennis tournament this weekend. Mr. Smith: Really, how long (you, play) __________________________________ tennis?Mr. Harris: I (play) ____________________________________ since high school. I love the sport.Mr. Smith: Great! We like dedication here at Hollings Life. You mentioned you volunteer at the Sierra Club. I (work, currently) _____________________________________ with them on the sea turtle project. We (try) __________________________________ to create a wildlife sanctuary near the bay.Mr. Harris: Do you know Frank Harris? He's my brother. He (work, presently) ____________________________ on the same project.Mr. Smith: I know Frank quite well. Any brother of Frank's would be a welcome addition to Hollings Life. Just one more thing, we (look) ____________________________________ for somebody who is fluent in Spanish; many of our clients are from Mexico.Mr. Harris: No problem. I (study) _______________________________ Spanish since elementary school. Mr. Smith: Sounds like you are the perfect candidate. Present Continuous / Present Perfect Continuous 1. It (rain) _________________ all week. I hope it stops by Saturday because I want to go to the beach. 2. A: Where is Gary?B: He (study, at the library) _______for his German test on Wednesday. In fact, he (review) ____________________ for the test every day for the last week.3. You look really great! (You, exercise) __________________________ at the fitness center?4. Frank, where have you been? We (wait) __________________________ for you since 1 P.M..5.A: What is that sound?B: A car alarm (ring) ___________________ somewhere down the street. It (drive) _____________________ me crazy - I wish it would stop! It (ring) _____________________ for more than twenty minutes.6. Joseph's English (improve, really) ________________________ , isn't it? He (watch) ____________________________ American television programs and (study) ______________________________ his grammar every day since he first arrived in San Diego. Soon he will be totally fluent. 7. A: You look a little tired. (You, get) ___________________________ enough sleep lately?B: Yes, I (sleep) ____________________________ relatively well. I just look tired because I (feel) ______________________ a little sick for the last week.A: I hope you feel better soon. B: Thanks. I (take, currently) ________________________ some medicine, so I should feel better in a couple of days.Simple Past / Present Perfect 1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars"? B: I don't know. I (see, never) _______that movie. 2. Sam (arrive) _______in San Diego a week ago. 3. My best friend and I (know) _______each other for over fifteen years. We still get together once a week. 4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) _______ten very creative short stories in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway. 5. I (have, not) _______this much fun since I (be) _______a kid. 6. Things (change) _______a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first (start) _______working here three years ago, the company (have, only) _______six employees. Since then, we (expand) _______to include more than 2000 full-time workers. 7. I (tell) _______him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he (wander) _______off into the forest and (be) _______bitten by a snake. 8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) _______the bus this morning. You (be) _______late to work too many times. You are fired! 9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see, never) _______the ocean. He should come with us to Miami. 10. How sad! George (dream) _______of going to California before he died, but he didn't make it. He (see, never)

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_______the ocean.11. In the last hundred years, traveling (become) _______much easier and very comfortable. In the 19th century, it (take) _______two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The trip (be) _______very rough and often dangerous. Things (change) _______a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours. 12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you (change) _______since the last time I (see) _______you. You (grow) _______at least a foot! 13. This tree (be) _______planted by the settlers who (found) _______our city over four hundred years ago. 14. This mountain (be, never) _______climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers (try) _______to reach the top, but nobody (succeed, ever) _______. The climb is extremely difficult and many people (die) _______trying to reach the summit. 15. I (visit, never) _______Africa, but I (travel) _______to South America several times. The last time I (go) _______to South America, I (visit) _______Brazil and Peru. I (spend) _______two weeks in the Amazon, (hike) _______for a week near Machu Picchu, and (fly) _______over the Nazca Lines. Simple Past / Present Perfect Since computers were first introduced to the public in the early 1980's, technology (change) _______a great deal. The first computers (be) _______simple machines designed for basic tasks. They (have, not) _______much memory and they (be, not) _______very powerful. Early computers were often quite expensive and customers often (pay) _______thousands of dollars for machines which actually (do) _______very little. Most computers (be) _______separate, individual machines used mostly as expensive typewriters or for playing games. Times (change) _______. Computers (become) _______powerful machines with very practical applications. Programmers (create) _______a large selection of useful programs which do everything from teaching foreign languages to bookkeeping. We are still playing video games, but today's games (become) _______faster, more exciting interactive adventures. Many computer users (get, also) _______on the Internet and (begin) _______communicating with other computer users around the world. We (start) _______to create international communities online. In short, the simple, individual machines of the past (evolve) _______into an international World Wide Web of knowledge. Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous 1. A: How long (be) _______in Canada?B: I (study) _______here for more than three years.2. I (have) _______the same car for more than ten years. I'm thinking about buying a new one.3. I (love) _______chocolate since I was a child. You might even call me a "chocoholic".4. Matt and Sarah (have) _______some difficulties in their relationship lately, so they (go) _______to a marriage counselor. I hope they work everything out.5. John (work) _______for the government since he graduated from Harvard University. Until recently, he (enjoy) _______his work, but now he is talking about retiring.6. Lately, I (think) _______about changing my career because I (become) _______dissatisfied with the conditions at my company.7. I (see) _______Judy for more than five years and during that time I have (see) _______many changes in her personality. Simple Past / Past Perfect

I can't believe I (get)______________ that apartment. I (submit)__________________ my application last week, but I didn't think I had a chance of actually getting it. When I (show)___________________ up to take a look around, there were at least twenty other people who (arrive)__________________ before me. Most of them (fill, already) _________________out their applications and were already leaving. The landlord said I could still apply, so I did.

I (try)____________________ to fill out the form, but I couldn't answer half of the questions. They (want) __________________________me to include references, but I didn't want to list my previous landlord because I (have)_______________________ some problems with him and I knew he wouldn't recommend me. I (end)______________________________ up listing my father as a reference.

It was total luck that he (decide) _____________________ to give me the apartment. It turns out that the landlord and my father (go) ______________________ to high school together. He decided that I could have the apartment before he (look)___________________ at my credit report. I really lucked out!

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Past Perfect / Past Perfect ContinuousI'm sorry I left without you last night, but I told you to meet me early because the show started at 8:00. I (try) ______________________ to get tickets for that play for months, and I didn't want to miss it. By the time I finally left the coffee shop where we were supposed to meet, I (have) ______________________ five cups of coffee and I (wait) __________________ over an hour. I had to leave because I (arrange)____________________ to meet Kathy in front of the theater.When I arrived at the theater, Kathy (pick, already) ___________________ up the tickets and she was waiting for us near the entrance. She was really angry because she (wait) ______________________ for more than half an hour. She said she (give, almost) ___________________ up and (go) ________________ into the theater without us.

Kathy told me you (be) _______________________ late several times in the past and that she would not make plans with you again in the future. She mentioned that she (miss) ______________________ several movies because of your late arrivals. I think you owe her an apology. And in the future, I suggest you be on time!

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Practise on Future TensesWill / Be Going To

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses

1. A: Why are you holding a piece of paper? B: I (write)…………………………………..a letter to my friends back home in Texas. 2. A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up! B: I (get)…………………………………………………..you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up. 3. A: I can't hear the television! B: I (turn)…………………………………………it up so you can hear it. 4. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit) ………………………………………………… Paris, Nice and Grenoble.5. Sarah (come) ………………………………….. to the party. Oliver (be) ………………………………… there as well. 6. Ted: It is so hot in here! Sarah: I (turn) ……………………………………….. the air-conditioning on. 7. I think he (be) …………………………………………………………. the next President of the United States. 8. After I graduate, I (attend) ………………………………………………. medical school and become a doctor. I have wanted to be a doctor all my life.9. A: Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is simply too small for four people. B: That man at the service counter (help) …………………………………………… you. 10. As soon as the weather clears up, we (walk) ……………………………. down to the beach and go swimming

Simple Future / Future ContinuousUsing the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses

1. Sandra: Where is Tim going to meet us? Marcus: He (wait) ………………………………… for us when our train arrives. I am sure he (stand) ………………………………………… on the platform when we pull into the station. Sandra: And then what? Marcus: We (pick) ………………………………………… Michele up at work and go out to dinner. 2. Ted: When we get to the party, Jerry (watch) ……………………….. TV, Sam (make) ………………………….. drinks, Beth (dance) ……………………………….. by herself, and Thad (complain) …………………………………… about his day at work. Robin: Maybe, this time they won't be doing the same things. Ted: I am absolutely positive they (do) ……………………….. the same things; they always do the same things. 3. Florence: Oh, look at that mountain of dirty dishes! Who (wash) ………………………………. all of those? Jack: I promise I (do) …………………………………………………. them when I get home from work. Florence: Thanks. Jack: When you get home this evening, that mountain will be gone and nice stacks of sparkling clean dishes (sit) …………………………………………………………… in the cabinets. 4. Doug: If you need to contact me next week, I (stay) …………………………………………… at the Hoffman Hotel. Nancy: I (call) ……………………………………………… you if there are any problems. Doug: This is the first time I have ever been away from the kids. Nancy: Don't worry, they (be) ……………………………………….. be fine. 5.

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Samantha: Just think, next week at this time, I (lie) ………………………………. on a tropical beach in Maui drinking Mai Tais and eating pineapple. Darren: While you are luxuriating on the beach, I (stress) ……………………………………….. out over this marketing project. How are you going to enjoy yourself knowing that I am working so hard? Samantha: I 'll manage somehow. Darren: You're terrible. Can't you take me with you? Samantha: No. But I (send) …………………………………………….. you a postcard of a beautiful, white sand beach. Darren: Great, that (make) ……………………….. me feel much better

Simple Present / Simple FuturePresent Continuous / Future Continuous

Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.

1. Right now, I am watching TV. Tomorrow at this time, I (watch) ………………………………………………TV as well. 2. Tomorrow after school, I (go) ……………………………………… to the beach. 3. I am going on a dream vacation to Tahiti. While you (do) …………………………………… paperwork and (talk) …………………………………………. to annoying customers on the phone, I (lie) ………………………………………… on a sunny, tropical beach. Are you jealous? 4. We (hide) …………………………………………… when Tony (arrive) ……………………………..at his surprise party. As soon as he opens the door, we (jump) …………………………. out and (scream) ……………………………, "Surprise!" 5. We work out at the fitness center every day after work. If you (come) …………………………….. over while we (work) ………………………………………………….. out, we will not be able to let you into the house. Just to be safe, we (leave) …………………………………………… a key under the welcome mat so you will not have to wait outside. 6. While you (study) ……………………… at home, Magda (be) ………………………………………….. in class. 7. When I (get) ……………………………….. to the party, Sally and Doug (dance) ……………………………………… , John (make) …………………………………. drinks, Sue and Frank (discuss) ………………………………….. something controversial, and Mary (complain) ……………………………………………. about something unimportant. They are always doing the same things. They are so predictable. 8. When you (get) …………………………… off the plane, I (wait) ……………………………………………… for you. 9. I am sick of rain and bad weather! Hopefully, when we (wake) …………………………………………. up tomorrow morning, the sun (shine) …………………………………………... 10. If you (need) ……………………………………… to contact me sometime next week, I (stay) …………………………………………………. at the Sheraton in San Francisco.

Simple Future / Future PerfectUsing the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.

1.Margaret: Do you think everything will be finished when I get back from the store? Jerry: Don't worry. By the time you get back, I (pick) ………………………. up the living room and (finish) …………………………. washing the dishes. Everything will be perfect when your parents arrive. Margaret: I hope so. They (arrive) …………………………………….. around 6 o'clock. Jerry: Everything (be) …………………………. spotless by the time they get here. 2.Nick: I just have two more courses before I graduate from university. By this time next year, I (graduate)

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…………………………….. , and I will already be looking for a job. Stacey: Does that scare you? Are you worried about the future? Nick: Not really. I (go) ………………………………. to a career counselor and get some advice on how to find a good job. Stacey: That's a good idea. Nick: I am also going to do an internship so that when I leave school, I (complete, not only) ………………………….. over 13 business courses, but I (work, also) ……………………………. in the real world. 3. Stan: Did you hear that Christine (take) …………………………… a vacation in South America this winter? Fred: I can't believe how often she goes abroad. Where exactly does she want to go? Stan: She (visit) …………………………………. Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador. Fred: At this rate, she (visit) ………………………… every country in the world by the time she's 50. 4. Judy: How long have you been in Miami? Elaine: I have only been here for a couple of weeks. Judy: How long do you plan on staying? Elaine: I love Miami, so I (stay) …………………………. here for an extended period of time. When I go back home, I (be) …………………………… here for more than three months. Judy: Wow, that's quite a vacation! You (see, definitely) …………………… just about everything there is to see in Miami by then. 5. Jane: I can't believe how late we are! By the time we get to the dinner, everyone (finish, already) …………………………….. eating. Jack: It's your own fault. You took way too long in the bathroom. Jane: I couldn't get my hair to look right. Jack: Who cares? By the time we get there, everyone (leave) …………………………… . Nobody (see, even) …………………………………………. your hair.

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SPEAKING PRACTICEWhat kind of work would you like to do in the future?

reflectati intai asupra raspunsului pe care doriti sa il dati si apoi stabiliti 2-3 argumente care sa sustina raspunsul; raspunsul este cel care trebuie sa va ghideze in alegerea celor mai bune argumente;

folositi cuvinte simple, pentru a dovedi ca stapaniti limba engleza la nivel conversational, ca intelegeti o intrebare care va este adresata si aveti capacitatea de a raspunde la aceasta, construind un dialog cu replici simple, clare si la obiect;

utilizati in argumentare conectori, precum ati folosit si in argumentarea orala de la limba romana, precum: in the first place, in the second/ in the third place, first of all, at first, until, just then, later, finally, the last but not the least important argument sau alte expresii asemanatoare;

de asemenea, folositi in argumentare si expresii ca: in my opinion, as far as I am concerned ( in ceea ce ma priveste), from my point of view si verbe de opinie de tipul: believe, think, consider, etc.

apelati la experiente personale si la exemple semnificative din romane, filme sau alte surse relevante pentru intrebarea voastra

incheiati raspunsul cu o concluzie care sa reia raspunsul intial, utilizand: as a conclusion, therefore, taking into consideration the above reasons…

De pilda, la intrebarea de mai sus avem raspunsul:

A-“I consider that I would like to work as a doctor in the future, after I graduate from the university.”

B-“Why would you choose such a job?”

A-“In the first place, I would choose this job because it is a very useful one, that brings a lot of benefits to the community and also to the persons I care about. Being a doctor, for instance a surgeon, I would have the possibility to cure diseases, to relief pain and to prescribe medicines that would definitely help sick people.”

A-“Secondly, I have had this dream of curing sick people since kindergarden, when I was trying to be a good doctor for my dolls. One of my biggest dreams is to discover an antidote for cancer or for aids, as they are among the deadly diseases of our century”.

B-“The work of a doctor is really a noble one. Would you consider going to the Faculty of Medicine?”

A-“Yes, indeed, I aim at entering the Faculty of Medicine. I am good at Physics and Chemistry, I will prepare myself very well after the bacallaureate exam and I think I have a great chance to succeed. I am also a fan of the “Dr. House” series in which the main character is a skilled doctor, but also a modern one as he uses several methods of alternative medicine.”

A-“As a conclusion I admit that my future work will be that of a doctor. Thank you very much for your time and have a good day!” (these words are addressed to the examiners).

FOLLOW UP

1. Answer the following questions: What is your favourite means of transport? Why? 2. Describe an experience that made you appreciate your health. 3. Give your opinion on the following statement: A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty. Use relevant arguments and examples to support your

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IF CLAUSEFraza condiţională de tipul 1O frază condiţională de tipul 1 se referă la o condiţie posibilă în viitor şi la rezultatul probabil al acesteia. Ea implică obţinerea unui anumit rezultat prin indeplinirea unei condiţii date. Folosim timpul prezent in subordonata condiţionala(pentru exprimarea condiţiei) si viitorul in propoziţia principală (pentru exprimarea rezultatului).

PROPOZIŢIA PRINCIPALĂ PROPOZIŢIA CONDIŢIONALĂ

SIMPLE FUTURE SIMPLE PRESENT

He will pass the exam if he studies.

El va lua examenul dacă va învăţa.

Fraza condiţională de tipul 2O frază condiţională de tipul 2 se referă la o condiţie improbabilă sau ipotetică şi la rezultatul probabil al acesteia. Folosim acest tip de condiţională pentru a exprima o situaţie imaginară contrară realităţii prezente sau pentru a exprima o situaţie improbabilă intr-un moment viitor. Folosim timpul trecut in condiţională şi Condiţionalul prezent in propoziţia principală.


PRESENT CONDITIONAL SIMPLE PAST

He would pass the exam if he studied.

El ar lua examenul dacă ar învăţa.

Fraza condiţională de tipul 3O frază condiţională de tipul 3 se referă la o condiţie ireală trecută si exprimă o situaţie imaginară sau contrară realităţii intr-un moment trecut. Folosim mai mult ca perfectul in subordonată si condiţionalul perfect in regentă.


PERFECT CONDITIONAL SIMPLE PAST PERFECT

He would have passed the exam

if he had studied.

El ar fi luat examenul dacă ar fi învăţat.

Exemplul de mai sus se referă la o situaţie contrară realităţii trecute – el nu a învăţat, deci nu şi-a luat examenul

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PRACTICEI. Fill in the best form of the verb/phrase to make conditionals types 0/1/2/3. 1.- I don’t think she’s worried about us. If she (be) worried, she (phone) or something.2.- I have an appointment at 3.30 tomorrow. If I (manage) to finish before 4.30, I (do) the shopping on my way back.3.- Tom missed his flight. He (get) to the airport on time if he (not oversleep).4.- If I (have) such a large house as yours, I (invite) all my friends for the weekend.5.- If the child (not be playing) with matches, he (not burn) himself. Now he’s in hospital.6.- She’s so shy. If she (talk) to people, she (make) friends.7.- So, you’re seeing Terry tonight. If he (ask) you about me, (not, tell) him I’m going out with John.8.- If a machine (be) properly maintained, it (fail, never) 9.- We (invite) him if we (know) his address, but he never gave it to us.10.- Unless I (have) a problem, I (bother, never) my friends.11.- You’re very strong. If you (try) you (win) your opponent.12.- Look what you’ve done. If you (be) careful, you (not, break) all those glasses.13.- I was so stupid! Nothing (happened) if I (not, moved) to his flat.14.- She’s a bit short. If she (be) taller he (can) play basket.15.- Sorry. I (lend) you the money you need if I (have) it.16.- The bus is full up. If there (be) an empty seat, I (sit) down.17.- Why didn’t you go to the police station? If you (report) the theft, they (can arrest) the robbers.18.- I (leave) him a message but he (not, be) home when I phone.

II. Circle the right option:1.- If we take / will take a taxi, we will arrive / arrived sooner.2.- You wouldn’t get / didn’t get wet if you would have worn / were wearing a coat.3.- If our team had scored / scored more goals, it had won / could have won.4.- I had given / would have given you the news if you phoned / had phoned me yesterday.5.- If you took / would have taken more exercise, you might feel / had felt better6.- If Tim drove / had driven more carefully, he wouldn’t have crashed / didn’t crash.7.- If we are/would be late for class, our teacher will be / was angry.8.- If we lived / would live on another planet, we would see / will see the Earth in the sky.9.- If we were / are birds, we would be able / are able to fly.10.- If you don’t wear / wouldn’t wear your pullover, you will feel / felt cold.11.- If I had / would have lots of money, I would give / gave some to all my friends.12.- If I had known / would know it was your birthday, I would sen / would have sent you a card.13.- If you had come / came to seen the film, you would have enjoyed/ had enjoyed it.

III. Complete with the correct form to form conditional sentences:1. If Dave _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (not, invite) me to his birthday party, I would feel disappointed.2. If I hadn’t got up earlier, I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (miss) my flight to Vienna.3. We _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (stay) at home if it snows tomorrow.4. If we _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (earn) enough money, we’ll buy a new hi-fi system.5. What would you do if you _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (get) lost in a forest at night?6. Kevin wouldn’t have moved to Britain if he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (find) a decent job here.7. If I knew Diana’s address, I _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (send) her a valentine card.8. What _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (Jane, do) if she fails the university entrance examination?9. If John’s parents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (know) French, they could help him with his project.10. If Finn _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (apologize) to me, I would have forgiven him.11. My cousin would play video games all day long if his parents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (allow) him to.12. If Emma _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (not, feel) better tomorrow, she should see a doctor.13. Who _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (you, choose) if you could take one friend to go to Disneyland with you?14. Kate _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (call) you if she had known you were ill.

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15. If you _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (be) cold, you can put on warm socks and a bathrobe.16. James would buy his wife a BMW if he _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (be) richer.17. If Barbara and Paul _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (spend) more time together their marriage would have lasted longer.18. My parents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (buy) me a new MP3 player if I pass my final exams.19. If my team _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (lose) the match, we will fall to the second division.20. If the concert _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (finish) earlier, I would have taken the 10.30 bus.

IV. Fill in the gaps with the type 2 conditional sentences.1. If my children ________ (like) raw fruit, I _________ (not / need) to boil it.2. The road traffic _______ (flow) if there _______ (be) some policemen.3. Communication _____ (not / be) so easy if there ____ (not / be) for the Internet.4. If the cardigan __________ (not / be) so expensive, I _________ (buy) it.5. If I __________ (not / have) a computer, I ___________ (borrow) one.6. If the dress __________ (not / be) so tight, I __________ (wear) it tonight.7. If I ________ (not / like) chocolate so much, I _________ (give) you this piece.8. If you ______ (be) more understanding, we could have a better relationship.9. If you __________ (turn) the TV on, we __________ (wake up) our neighbours.10. We ________ (visit) the Eiffel Tower if we _________ (go) to Paris.11. If I _____ (be) you, I ______ (apply) for the job.12. If Ann _______ (apply) for the job, she ________ (get) it.

V. Fill in the gaps so as to build correct type 3 conditional sentences.1. If you _________ (have) some protection, you _________ (damage) your eyes.2. It ______ (be) impossible to enter the building if the porter _____ (not / be) there.3. If the flight hadn’t been delayed, my boss __________ (arrive) on time to the meeting.4. If the driver ________ (stop) at the red sign, I _________ (not / have) the accident.5. I __________ (eat) the soup if it __________ (not / be) so salty.6. If the thieves __ (rob) the whole jewellery store, the owners would have been ruined.7. If you ________ (take) your umbrella, you ________ (not / catch) a cold.8. I __________ (manage) to escape the storm if I __________ (be) more cautious.9. The burglars ______ (escape) to a foreign country if the police ____ (not / catch) them.10. If you _______ (learn) to play the piano, you could have participated in the contest.11. If you ______ (study) more, you ______ (get) a better mark.12. There _____ (be) a fight if the police ________ (not / arrive) in time.

VI. Fill in the blanks with either second or third conditional. 1. You ____________ (notice) my new haircut if you had been more attentive.2. If you _____________ (enjoy) modern art, we could visit the new exhibition.3. If you had eaten at lunch, you ______________ (not / be) so hungry now.4. If there were an ashtray in the house, we _____________ (not / need) to go to the balcony to smoke a cigarette.5. I would apply for the job if I ____________ (know) how to write an application letter.6. If I _____________ (go) to the job interview, I might have got the job.7. You would need to find another job if you _____________ (move) to a new town.8. I would exercise twice a day if I _____________ (have) more time.9. If the T-shirt _____________ (not / be) so loose, I would wear it.10. If the factory ______________ (not / close), many workers wouldn’t be unemployed.11. If there hadn’t been for the snow, most European airports ___ (not / close) during Christmas time.12. If there wasn’t for the fire, we _______________ (freeze) to death.13. I would eat your adorable meatloaf if I _____________ (not / be) a vegetarian.14. If you _______________ (teach) me how to dance, I would learn it fast.

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INTERIM EVAL 1PART 1 - Reading Comprehension

Hot dog eating champion retains title after tiebreakerFriday, July 4, 2008

For the second year in a row, American competitive eater Joey Chestnut defeated his Japanese rival Takeru Kobayashi at the annual Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest in New York City, after a tie forced a five-hot-dog eat-off to be held.

After ten minutes of hot dog eating, two shorter than in previous years, Chestnut and Kobayashi were tied at 59 frankfurters. But after the rare tiebreaker, 24-year-old Chestnut emerged as the winner, claiming a $10,000 prize and a mustard-yellow belt. "It was crazy," he said. "I'm just a normal guy eating hot dogs on the Fourth. You can't overcomplicate it."

Kobayashi, whose loss last year shattered a six-year winning streak, said that a sore jaw and a tooth problem may have altered his performance. "If I put one more mouthful in, I could have won", the 30-year-old Nagano native said through a translator. "I lost because I wasn't quick enough in the rematch."

This year, the 22 competitors were under a 10-minute time limit, unlike the 12 minutes used for previous contests. The reason for this, according to Nathan's, was the discovery of a document from 1916, which revealed that the original competition was 10 minutes long.

Thousands gathered at Coney Island to watch the annual event, which has become one of the more colorful traditions of America's Independence Day.

1. Who won the contest last year?A. Takeru KobayashiB. Joey ChestnutC. First there was a tie, then Chestnut wonD. The text does not say

2. Who came second last year?A. Takeru KobayashiB. Joey ChestnutC. Somebody elseD. The text does not say

3. How long was the competition this year?A. 10 minutesB. 12 minutesC. More than 10 minutesD. The text does not say

4. How long was the competition last year?A. 8 minutesB. 10 minutesC. 12 minutesD. The text does not say

5. How many hot dogs did Joey Chestnut eat in the whole of the final?A. 59B. 64C. Between 59 and 64D. The text does not say

6. How many hot dogs did Takeru Kobayashi eat in the whole of the final?A. 59B. 64

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C. Between 59 and 64D. The text does not say

7. Who won the contest two years ago and in the five years before that?A. Takeru KobayashiB. Joey ChestnutC. Somebody elseD. The text does not say

8. How long was the contest in 1916?A. Under 10 minutesB. 10 minutesC. 12 minutesD. The text does not say

9. Where is Takeru Kobayashi from?A. Coney IslandB. NaganoC. New YorkD. None of the above

10. Where is Joey Chestnut from?A. Coney IslandB. NaganoC. New YorkD. None of the above

11. On what occasion is the contest held?A. Coney Island's birthdayB. The discovery of a document in 1916C. Independence DayD. None of the above

12. Which sentence is true for Kobayashi?A. He said he had health problems after the contestB. He didn't speak EnglishC. He said the rematch wasn't fairD. None of the above

PART 2 – Grammar and Vocabulary1. I am not making much money ….. a) these days b) so far this year c) presently d) lately 2. At the moment she is going out with Keith and they …. very happy together. a) are seeming b) should seem c) seem d) are likely to seem 3. I ….what you…..now. He ….he should get a second chance. a) 'm seeing, mean, is thinking b) see, are meaning, thinks c) see, mean, thinking d) see, mean, thinks

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4. You ….me! I'm afraid I … with you. a) astonish, am agreeing b) are astonishing, disagree c) astonish, disagree d) are astonishing, 'm disagreeing 5. I hope this trip ….. too expensive for us. a) is not going to be b) is not to be c) won't be d) should not be 6. By the end of the week we ….. where to go. a) have decided b) must have decided c) will decide d) will have decided 7. Maybe by the time we get to the theatre..... a) the play will already started. b) the play will already have started. c) the play has already started d) the play already started. 8. I haven't seen any work yet. I suppose I …some day. a) am going to b) shall c) am seeing d) 'll have 9. Last night my neighbours …. for hours and I couldn't get to sleep. a) were shouting b) would shout c) used to shout d) did shout 10. They ……really our cousins, but we ….them a) weren't, had always loved b) had not been, always loved c) weren't, have always loved d) aren't, had always loved 11. I ….him yesterday evening. I …..him for ages. a) had seen, didn't see b) saw, haven't seen c) saw, didn't see d) saw, hadn't seen 12. It …... as nice on the terrace as my sister … but we were definitely enjoying the evening. a) had not been, expected b) was not, expected c) was not, had expected d) hadn't need, was expecting 13. I can't believe it! Smith …. money from the till all this time! a) stole

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b) has stolen c) has been stealing d) was stealing 14. It's incredible! Julia ….. for a pay-rise three times this year. a) has asked b) have been asking c) did ask d) would ask 15. On the news this morning: The two banks ……plans to merge next year. a) announced b) have announced c) are announcing d) have been announcing 16. .………the latest? She's leaving her husband and going to live in Italy. a) Did you hear b) Did you know c) Have you heard d) Do you know 17. Luckily by the time we got there the painting …… a) hadn't been sold b) wasn't sold c) hasn't been sold d) wasn't going to be sold 18. No one knew that Paul …… in the investigation since the very beginning. a) will be involved b) had been involved c) has involved d) can be involved 19. If …… necessary, take a taxi. a) it would be b) it might be c) it was d) 0 20. …… you see Anna, could you ask her to call me? a) If only b) Unless c) Should d) Would 21. ………..the problem, he ……those stupid questions. a) If he understands, wouldn't ask b) If he had understood, weren't asking c) Had he understood, wouldn't have asked d) Should he understand, needn't have asked 22. Surely you are not ……. Jane Fonda, are you? a) the b) 0 c) very

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d) the one 23. You never say what you're thinking, …… you? a) don't b) do c) haven't d) are 24. You'll be leaving for Venice soon,………..? a) aren't you b) won't you c) don't you d) shall you 25. Sean Connery was awarded a knighthood in recognition …... his work and charity. a) to b) of c) for d) at 26. …… the time I got there, I found out that the tickets were sold out. a) On b) By c) In d) At 27. I can't understand why he is always …… dispute with his wife. a) on b) at c) in d) of 28. The new play didn't come …… expectation. a) to b) up against c) up to d) about 29. Deanna broke …… and wept when she heard the bad news. a) out b) off c) up d) down 30. Alex earns very little as a classical pianist, …. his brother's pop musicals have made millions. a) compared with b) whereas c) in spite of d) since 31. The …… of better living conditions in Europe has long been a desire for most of the countries. a) necessity b) congregation c) association d) concomitance 32. The country longs to be free of colonial….

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a) dominance b) domination c) dominion d) domain 33. The king enjoyed a long …., and was ….by his daughter Elizabeth. a) kingship, sequenced b) realm, followed c) reign, succeeded d) living, tracked 34. I woke up screaming after having a terrible...... a) nightfall b) nightshift c) midnight d) nightmare 35. She's a sociable girl with lots of friends. …… she can get lonely, like anyone else. a) Even so b) Furthermore c) To some extent d) In the first place 36. No-one can find Helen or her son ….. a) somewhere b) nowhere c) anywhere d) everywhere 37. We lived ……the next village. a) far from b) far away c) off from d) farther of 38. She felt ……….about leaving him a) pretty badly b) pretty bad c) rather badly d) badly enough 39. They feel very lonely. They talk to …… a lot. a) each other b) one another c) themselves d) them 40. …… people like the sea; others prefer the mountains. a) Them b) Every c) Any d) Some 41. I'd like to see the old house, ………she told me about when we last met. a) that b) who

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c) which d) of which 42. Here's the money, you can go and buy …..a car. a) for youself b) on yourself c) yourself d) to yourself 43. So far researchers have not …... a way to fight the virus. a) finded b) find c) founded d) found 44. She took two quick steps forward and …… him across the mouth. a) stroked b) stroke c) struck d) striked 45. …Pacific Ocean is….largest body of water on….Earth. a) 0, the, 0 b) 0, the, the c) The, 0, 0 d) The, the, 0 46. ….football was fast becoming ….popular sport worldwide. a) The, a b) 0, the c) The, the d) 0, a 47. The head of the party said he …… the behaviour of the demonstrators. a) offended b) reproached c) stressed d) deplored 48. The old railway line has been …… as far as the new airport. a) extended b) expanded c) enlarged d) augmented

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ACTIVE VOICE – PASSIVE VOICE

CÂND ESTE DIATEZA PASIVĂ FOLOSITĂ?Folosim diateza pasivă atunci când:(A)Autorul este necunoscut:

(i) My mobile has been stolen. (= Someone has stolen my mobile)(ii) The first tools were made in Africa two million years ago. (= People made the

first tools in Africa two million years ago.)(B)Acţiunea sau cel care suportă acţiunea sunt mai importante decât autorul:

(i) Income tax was introduced in England in 1798.(ii) The Prime Minister was given a warm welcome.

(C)Este evident cine sau ce a făcut acţiunea:(i) The thief has been arrested. (By the police)(ii) The meeting is called off. (By the management)(iii) The new law of income tax is introduced. (By the government)

REGULI PENTRU A TRANSFORMA DIN ACTIV ÎN PASIV

(A)Doar verbele tranzitive (cele care primesc un complement pentru a le întregi sensul) pot fi puse la diateză pasivă. Ex.

(i) She ate an apple. (=vb. tranzitiv) An apple was eaten by her.(ii) The tree grows. (=vb. intranzitiv) Can’t be changed into passive.

(B)Se schimbă locul subiectului şi al complementului.

Exemple: Active Sentence: Greg painted the gate just now.

Passive Sentence: The gate was painted by Greg just now.

(C)Când se tranformă propoziţia din activ în pasiv se modifică şi structura predicatului:NO. TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE

1 Simple Present Tense Write/s Is/am/are + written2 Simple Past Tense wrote Was/were + written3 Simple Future Tense Will write Will + be + written4 Present Continuous Tense Is/am/are writing Is/am/are + being + written5 Past Continuous Tense Was/were writing Was/were + being + written6 Future Continuous Tense Will be writing Will be writing (No Changes)7 Present Perfect Tense Has/have written Has/have + been + written8 Past Perfect Tense Had written Had + been + written

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Subject: The person who did the action.

Object: The thing that received the action

Active Verb

Subject: The thing that received the action

Object: The person who did the action.

Passive Verb

9 Future Perfect Tense Will have written Will + have + been + written10 Infinitive Form To write To + be + written11 Modal Auxiliary May/might/shall/should …

+ writeMay/might/shall/should … + be + written

12 Imperative Sentences Write that letter Let + that letter + be + written13 Sentences with ‘LET’ Let her write a letter Let + that letter + be + written14 Miscellaneous It is said … He is said to …15 Miscellaneous Everyone predicts that... It is predicted that …

(D) Conjuncţii ca ‘by’, ‘with’, ‘to’, ‘in’ etc. apar în faţa complementelor (de agent) în diateza pasivă. Exemple:

(i) A saw cut the tree. (Active)The tree was cut with a saw. [cram, crowd, decorate, fill, flood throng]

(ii) I know him. (Active)He is known to me. (Passive)

(iii) This rack contains 200 books. (Active)200 books are contained in this rack. (Passive)

(iv) Nila wrote a nice letter. (Active)A nice letter was written by Nila. (Passive)

(E) Uneori propoziţia la diateză pasivă nu precizezază cine face acţiunea (subiectul). Prin urmare, atunci când tranformăm în activ aproximăm cine ar putea fi autorul acţiunii.Example:

(i) Our house was broken into last night. (Passive)Some burglars broke into our house last night. (Active)

(F) Verbe cu două complemente:Uneori câte un verb la diateză activă (ex. give) primeşte două complemente:A witness gave the police some information. (Active)

1 2

Oricare complement poate îndeplini rolul de subiect al propoziţiei la diateză pasivă:The police were given some information by a witness. (Passive) –-- (A)

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Some information was given to the police by a witness. (Passive) --- (B)1

Notă: De obicei se proferă varianta în care subiectul este o persoană şi nu un lucru, prin urmare varianta A este preferată în cazul exemplului de mai sus.

(G)Atunci când folosim adverbe de timp, mod sau frecvenţă de obicei acestea apar după primul auxiliar al predicatului, de ex.1. We are always taught to be kind and honest.2. Shyam and Raju have seldom been seen at the gym.3. The carpets are often put out to air in the sun.

(H)Când se transformă o locuţiune verbală (verb + preposition OR verb + adverb) din activ în pasiv este important să nu omitem adverbul sau prepoziţia care intră în structura acestuia, de ex: A. Coca Cola took over the brand Thumbs up in the last decade of 20th century.P. The brand Thumbs up was taken over by Coca Cola in the last decade of 20th cen.

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LET’S PRACTICE!

(A) (Simple Present) Turtles _________ (find) in all the warm oceans of the world. Turtle’s nests _________ (make) at night on sandy beaches. About one hundred eggs _________ (lay) in each nest. However, nesting turtles _________ (often disturb) by noise and light of the discos. When the babies leave the nest for the sea, they follow the light of the moon. But if they _________ (distract) by hotel lights, they move in the wrong direction. Babies who lose their way on the beach _________ (often kill) by birds. If they reach the sea, they _________ (sometimes injure) or even killed by speedboats.

(B) (A/P) People all over the world _________ (drink) tea. It _________ (suppose) to be a very refreshing drink. It _________ (also offer) to the guests as a mark of courtesy. To make tea _________ (be) quite easy. Tea leaves _________ (take) in a teapot and boiling water _________ (pour) over them. The teapot _________ (keep) aside for a couple of minutes. Meanwhile milk _________ (boil) in another pot. Now tea water _________ (pour) into a cup. Milk and sugar _________ (add) to it according to one’s taste. And a refreshing cup of tea _________ (be) ready.

(C) (Simple Past) The country’s first school of magic _________ (open) last year in Thiruvanthapuram. In the first year, sixty students _________ (teach) conjuring and other illusions. Magicians from other states _________ (invite) for guest lectures. Approval for the school _________ (give) by the International Brotherhood of Magicians. The school, which _________ (start) by Gopinath Muthukad, has become very popular. Muthukad won an award for magic from the Sangeet Natak Akademi – the first one to be given after magic _________ (add) to its list of awards in music, dance and theatre.

(D) (Simple Past) Last summer Tom went camping with Boy Scouts. First, the ground _________ (clear) of stones and plants. The tents _________ (put up) in a circle. A special shelf _________ (make) in each tent 4 inches off the ground. The suitcases and sleeping bags _________ (put) on this shelf. Wood _________ (collect) and _________ (place) in the centre of the circle for fire. The kitchen tent _________ (put up) near the sleeping tents. All the food _________ (put) inside this tent to keep it safe. The boys stayed in this camp for eight days.

(E) (A/P) Let me tell you of a country where planting trees _________ (be) an essential part of life. This country is Israel. In Israel, in the days gone by, fathers _________ (plant) trees when their children _________ (bear). A cedar tree _________ (plant) if the child ________ (be) a boy, for cedars are usually tall and strong. But if the child _________ (be) a girl, the father _________ (plant) a cypress tree, for cypress suggests softness and sweetness. The children _________ (look) after these trees until they _________ (get) married. At the marriage ceremony, branches from these trees _________ (cut) to hold up the wedding tent.

(F) Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive.(1) It is a big factory. Five hundred people _________ (employ) there.(2) _________ (somebody/clean) this room yesterday? (3) Water _________ (cover) most of the earth’s surface. (4) How much of the earth’s surface _________ (cover) by water?(5) The park gates _________ (lock) at 6.30 p.m. every evening.

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(6) The letter _________ (post) a week ago and it _________ (arrive) yesterday.(7) The boat hit a rock and _________ (sink) quickly. Fortunately everybody _________ (rescue).(8) Rechard’s parents _________ (die) when he was very young. He and his sister _________ (bring up) by their grand parents.(9) I was born in London, but I _________ (grow up) in Canada.(10) While I was on holiday, my camera _________ (steal) from my hotel room. (11) While I was on holiday, my camera _________ (disappear) from my hotel room.(12) Why _________ (Sue/resign) from her job? Didn’t she enjoy it?(13) Why _________ (Bill/sack) from his job? Why did he do wrong?(14) The company is not independent. It ________ (own) by a much larger company.(15) I saw an accident last night. Somebody _________ (call) an ambulance but nobody _________ (injure), so the ambulance_________ (not/need).(16) Where _________ (these photographs/take)? In London? _________ (you/take) them, or somebody else?(17) Sometimes it is quite noisy living here, but it is not problem for me – I _________ (not/bother) by it.

(G) (Simple Future) Mrs. Lal is the headmistress of a big school. The students of her school are going to stage a play Mrs. Lal is talking to the director.Mrs. Lal: Have the boy’s costumes been made?Director: They _________ (make) by the end of this week.Mrs. Lal: What about the girl’s dress?Director: They _________ (finish) tomorrow.Mrs. Lal: Have the curtains been mended?Director: I don’t think they _________ (mend) until Thursday.Mrs. Lal: What about the chairs?Director: I think they _________ (sell) in a couple of days.

(H) (A/P) We promise that if our party comes into power, we _________ (try) out best to improve the living conditions in the city. To deal with the two major problems of water and power shortage, we _________ (construct) a new, large water reservoir at a suitable place and _________ (set) up a thermal power plant. Some other plans are also under active consideration. Two new senior secondary schools _________ (open) in the next session. Midday meals _________ (supply) free in all the government schools. Drains _________ (repair), roads _________ (remetal) and parks _________ (develop) in all colonies. Sports and transport facilities _________ (improve). It _________ (be) our sincere effort to make this city a model one.

(I) (Mixed) A youth _________ (find) dead on the outskirts of Mota Bhandariya village on Thursday. According to officials of Amreli rural police, the youth _________ (strangle) to death with a handkerchief. “The deceased _________ (identify) as Premsinh Manusinh. The name _________ (tattoo) on his wrist,” said a police official. “The youth was from Madhya Pradesh and _________ (come) to Mota Bhandariya to work as a labourer,” the official added.

(J) (Mixed) Hospitals are places where people _________ (examine) and _________ (bring) back to good health. I’m lucky because I _________ (never / take) to hospital. But I happened to go there once. When Jane _________ (hit) by a car last month. Luckily no bones _________ (break) but she _________ (examine) carefully and x-rays _________ (take). She

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_________ (keep) there for a night and she _________ (give) permission to leave the next day. Ambulance services are also important. Patients _________ (must / take) to hospital as quickly as possible. A lot of people _________ (kill) in road accidents and a lot more _________ (injure) but if more ambulances _________ (put) into service, more lives ________ (can / save).

(K) (Mixed) Last summer, I took an airplane flight from London to New York. I _________ (board) the plane at Croydon Airfield and, from that moment on, my life _________ (arrange) for me by the flight attendants on the trip. First, I _________ (direct) to my seat by the flight attendants. Then, when the plane _________ (be) ready to take off, the other passengers and I _________ (tell) to fasten our seat belts. Next, we _________ (advise) where the emergency exits were. I _________ (make) sure that I _________ (give) a seat next to an exit.A few minutes after take off, magazines and newspapers _________ (distribute). Because my ears hurt, I _________ (take) out some gum to chew. Next, we _________ (give) instructions on what to do in case of an emergency. I _________ (pay) two dollars for some earphones, which I _________ (use) later to watch the movie.Before dinner, we _________ (ask) if we _________ (want) a cocktail. Dinner _________ (serve) on a tray, and it _________ (be + not) too bad; it was chicken. We _________ (permit) to have a refill on any beverage.After dinner, we _________ (show) a funny movie. When I _________ (feel) cold, I _________ (give) a blanket, and when I felt airsick, I _________ (give) a paper bag. Everything _________ (do) for the comfort of the passengers. When the plane _________ (land), I _________ (be) sorry to have to leave and start doing things for myself again.

(L) (Mixed) Four burglars have escaped from custody only hours after _________ (sentence) to ten years in prison. They _________ (transfer) from the law courts in Manchester to Strangeways Prison. They _________ (find) guilty of stealing electrical goods and money from shops in the Manchester area. It _________ (think) that they were all members of the same gang. They escaped from the van in which they _________ (transport), when the driver _________ (force) to stop because of a tree across the road. It _________ (believe) that the tree _________ (place) by other members of the gang, who _________ (inform) of the route _________ (take) by the van. A full investigation of the events leading to escape _________ (order) and anyone with information _________ (ask) to contact the police to help with their enquiries.

(M) Twenty five years ago, my father ______ (join) a well known law firm as a junior lawyer. Dad ______ (dedicate) and smart and he ______ (rise) quickly in the firm. Soon after, the firm ______ (employ) Mum as the personal assistant to the manager. Dad and Mum ______ (fall) in love and ______ (get) married six months later.Today, Dad ______ (hold) the position of a senior partner in the firm. My parents ______ (raise) three children. They ______ (give) us plenty of love, encouragement and sound advice when we were young. We ______ always ______ (be) grateful to them.Next Friday, my parents ______ (celebrate) their silver wedding anniversary. My brothers and I ______ (compere) an evening of entertainment. We ______ (present) them with gifts to cherish as mementos.

(N) Fill in the blanks with the correct passive form of the verb in brackets.(1) A government minister _________ (find) guilty of fraud yesterday.(2) It was a lovely surprise to find all the washing-up _________ (do) while I was asleep. (3) These souvenirs _________ (make) by children from the local school.

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(4) I didn’t come here in order _________ (make) a fool of!(5) The votes _________ (count) right now and we should know the result before midnight.(6) This parcel appears _________ (open) before it _________ (deliver).(7) As he _________ (sack) from his previous job, he found it hard to get another.(8) The judges still have to decide which design _________ (award) the top prize.(9) Many accidents _________ (cause) by dangerous driving.(10) Cheese _________ (make) from milk.(11) The roof of the building _________ (damage) in a storm a few days ago.(12) You _________ (invite) to the wedding. Why didn’t you go?(13) A cinema is a place where films _________ (show).(14) In the US, elections for president _________ (hold) every four years.(15) Originally the book _________ (write) in Spanish, and a few years ago it _________ (translate) into English.(16) Although we were driving quite fast, we _________ (overtake) by a lot of other cars.(17) You can’t see the house from the road. It _________ (surround) by trees.(18) The situation is serious, something must _________ (do) before it’s too late.(19) I haven’t received that letter. That might _________ (send) to the wrong address.(20) A decision will not _________ (make) until the next meeting.(21) Do you think that more money should _________ (spend) on education?(22) This road is in very bad condition. It should _________ (repair) a long time ago.(23) The injured man couldn’t walk and had to _________ (carry).(24) It is not certain how the fire started. But it might _________ (cause) by an electrical fault.(25) I told the hotel receptionist I wanted to _________ (wake) at 6.30 the next morning.(26) If you hadn’t pushed the policeman you wouldn’t _________ (arrest).

(O) Rewrite these sentences in Active Voice. Supply the subject yourself wherever needed:1. Her sweet will never be heard again in this hall.2. Superstitions are still believed in.3. These instructions can be easily understood.4. The account had already been checked by me.5. Living conditions are being gradually improved.6. It is often said that honesty pays in the long run.7. The late comers shouldn’t be permitted into the examination hall.8. Was the patient requested to wait?9. What are you being disturbed by?10. How many candidates were called for interview?11. Rotten eggs and tomatoes were thrown at the speaker.

(P) Rewrite these sentences in Passive Voice. Remove subjects if needed:1. Somebody cleans the room everyday.2. They cancelled all flights because of fog.3. People don’t use this road much.4. Somebody accused me of stealing money.5. How do people learn languages?6. Somebody warned us not to go out alone.7. Somebody has cleaned the room.

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8. They have postponed the meeting.9. Somebody is using the computers at the moment.10. I didn’t realise that somebody was recording our conversation.11. When we got to the stadium, we found that they had cancelled the game.12. They are building a new ring-road round the city.13. They have built a new hospital near the airport.

(Q) Put the following sentences into the PASSIVE VOICE:1. Someone has already paid the electrician for his work.2. They taught him French and gave him a dictionary.3. When we first met, they had already offered me a job at the bank.4. A man requested the stranger to leave the meeting.5. A young woman asked the rest of us to be there at eight o’clock.6. They had eaten all the dinner before they finished the conversation.7. Who wrote it?8. The author has written a special edition for children.9. Did the idea interest you?10. Why didn’t they mend the roof before it fell in?11. The burglars had cut a huge hole in the steel door.12. The organizers will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month.13. When did they ring the church bells?14. Does listening to music disturb you?15. The principal has announced a revised programme of terminal tests.16. They will build a flyover at this site.17. People often say that it pays to be honest.18. You can avoid many serious accidents with a little care.19. Don’t offer eatables to the animals.20. This magazine contains much useful information.21. Why were they paying us so little?22. By 5 p.m., the guide had shown us all the places of historical interest.23. Do you deal in sports goods also?24. A senior student of her school gives her judo lessons.25. We expect our students to behave properly.26. Who has packed my luggage?

(R) Change these sentences into PASSIVE FORM:1. People believe that the strike will end soon.2. People believe that the thieves got through the kitchen window.3. People say that the company is loosing a lot of money.4. When is he going to pay the taxes?5. Who has designed these buildings?6. How much do they spend on these activities?7. They broke a lot of plates while they were dancing.8. Who invented the electric bulb?9. People believe that they are secret agents.10. People think that he takes harmful drugs.11. Did they give you a great reception?12. Nobody sends her a card at Christmas.13. Did anyone call an ambulance after the accident?

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14. Will you pay the fine?(S) Turn into the PASSIVE:

a. Students should study environment problems at school.Environment problems _____________________________

b. Teachers could include this topic in their classes.This topic ________________________________________

c. Some people buy returnable bottles and use recycle paper.Returnable bottles _____________________________________

d. Governments have constantly ignored important issues on economic reasons.Important _________________________________________________

e. At school teachers advise students about pollution and its prevention.Students __________________________________________________

f. In developped countries authorities will lead everybody to cooperate.Everybody _______________________________________________

g. Everybody should throw their bottles into recycling bottle banks.Their bottles ______________________________________________

h. Parents must teach their children what to do about rubbish.Children _________________________________________________

i. Last year several nations held a meeting to discuss environmental problems.A meeting ________________________________________________

j. Organizations like Greenpeace are giving people leaflets about what to do.People ___________________________________________________

k. Mothers should teach children not to throw litter in the streets.Children _________________________________________________

l. Consumers could buy returnable recipients instead of throw away ones.Returnable _______________________________________________

m. In developped countries people are recycling glass, paper, metal and even plastic.Glass, paper ______________________________________________

n. In underdeveloped countries everyone wastes and throws away useful objects.Useful objects _____________________________________________

o. Everybody should pass their bottles on to others when they no longer use them. Bottles ___________________________________________________

(T) Turn into the PASSIVE again1. We should clean these windows before tomorrow.2. The workers gave the boss some flowers.3. The police followed the thieves into a building.4. The mechanic can’t fix my car.5. The neighbour has told us the news.6. The students painted the walls last year.7. The old woman feeds the pigeons every day.8. They will pick up John at this office.9. She showed the visitors the new house.10. You shouldn’t throw litter on the ground.11. The teacher asked the students a very difficult question at the oral exam.12. First, we have to read the text and then, we have to do the exercises.13. His parents promised Tom a hundred Euros if he passed the test.14. Did they repair all the windows?15. The news surprised us all.

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16. Is the teacher correcting the exams right now?17. Someone has sent John a mysterious letter.18. Where did they find the book?19. The taxi driver drove us to the airport.20. Many people have seen a UFO in this area.21. Have they watered the plants?22. Someone stole my purse while I was doing the shopping.23. The secretary has already sent all the documents to Mr. Smith.24. They have offered Michael an excellent job in a British company.25. The police could arrest the bank robbers when they were crossing the border.26. Someone has used the computer without permission.27. My grandmother is baking a delicious cake.28. The maid was cleaning my hotel room when I came in.

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REPORTED SPEECH Expression of time & place Direct ReportedToday that dayYesterday the day beforeThe day before yesterday two days beforeTomorrow the next/following dayThe day after tomorrow in two days timeNext week/day/year... the following week/year…Last week/year… the previous week/year…A week/year ago a year before/the previous year.Now then /that time Modals: Can couldMay mightMust had toShall shouldWill would Demonstratives: This thatThese thoseHere there

TENSE DIRECT SPEECH TENSE REPORTED SPEECH

PRESENT SIMPLE

“I work hard.” PAST SIMPLE He said that he worked hard.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

“I am working hard.” PAST CONTINUOUS

He said that he was working hard.

PAST SIMPLE “I worked hard yesterday.”

PAST PERFECT He said that he had worked hard the previous day / the day before.

PAST CONTINUOUS

“I was working hard at six this morning.”


He said that he had been working hard at six that morning.

PRESENT PERFECT

“I have worked hard.” PAST PERFECT He said that he had worked hard.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

“I have been working hard.”


He said that he had been working hard.

PAST PERFECT

“I had worked hard.” PAST PERFECT He said that he had worked hard.

FUTURE SIMPLE

“I will work hard.” CONDITIONAL He said that he would work hard.

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PRACTICEA. Put the following into indirect speech using the given reporting verbs.

“We don’t like his attitude” (say)“I’m not competent to give advice on this subject” (claim)“Please tell us the latest news that you have heard” (request)“Will you have supper with us after the performance tonight?” (wonder)

B. Put these statements using introductory verbs in the past.“I have no reason not to believe you”“I’ll pay a hundred and fifty”“She’s been crying till she’s half blind” her mother reports“Don’t go too deep into the water” she told her children“They lie and steal and have to be watched all the time” she noted“I’m looking for sunny side cottage. I don’t suppose you’ve heard of it”“Don’t leave me here alone!”“I shall never claim of any trouble to you”“Mrs. Joe has been out a dozen times, looking for you, Pip”. “And she is out now.”

C. Report what these famous people said (stupid quotes):1. "I think that gay marriage is something that should be between a man and a woman." -

Arnold Schwarzenegger2. "Traditionally, most of Australia's imports come from overseas." - Former Australian cabinet

minister Keppel Enderbery 3. "If you take out the killings, Washington actually has a very low crime rate." - Marion Barry,

mayor of Washington, D.C.4. "Sure there have been injuries and deaths in boxing - but none of them serious." - Alan

Minter, Boxer5. "Better make it six, I can't eat eight." - Dan Osinski, Baseball pitcher, when a waitress asked

whether he wanted his pizza cut into six or eight slices.6. "The doctors X-rayed my head and found nothing." - Dizzy Dean explaining to the media

how he felt after being hit on the head by a ball in the 1934 World Series. 7. "For most people, death comes at the end of their lives." - GLR broadcaster, UK 8. "I owe a lot to my parents, especially my mother and father." - Greg Norman, Golfer9. "I get to go to lots of overseas places, like Canada." - Britney Spears, Pop Singer10. "I don't diet. I just don't eat as much as I'd like to." - Linda Evangelista, Supermodel11. "So, where's the Cannes Film Festival being held this year?" - Christina Aguilera12. "Listen, everyone is entitled to my opinion." - Madonna

D. Rewrite in Reported Speech1. ‘I watch a film on Saturdays.’ Caroline said 2. ‘He’s my best friend.’ Fed told me 3. ‘The scarf is in my bag.’ Janice said 4. ‘This film wasn’t very interesting.’ Tom told me 5. ‘This isn’t my school.’ Jerry said 6. ‘We’ll walk for half an hour’ Yesterday Jennifer told me 7. ‘These T-shirts don’t fit me.’ Mike said 8. ‘We’re parking our car here.’ They said 9. ‘It’s my boyfriend’s birthday party tomorrow.’ Helen told me 10. ‘I think there will be a students’ meeting very soon.’ He said 11. ‘It’s difficult to finish this project this week.’ The students said 12. ‘I’m not busy now.’ Alicia told me 13. ‘I don’t want these CDs anymore.’ My brother said

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14. ‘We feel fine now.’ The girls said 15. ‘We’re going to the shopping today.’ My parents told me 16. ‘She had finished her homework when I arrived.’ Mary said 17. ‘I often think about my future.’ Marik said 18. ‘I go the doctor tomorrow. I am not feeling well’ Helen said E. Make indirect sentences in the past. A1) 'When did you buy this television set?' Frank to Jenny2) 'Why will you plant trees in the garden?' Mr Ford to Lola3) 'Let's play basketball.' I to Ben4) 'I met your mother yesterday.' Mrs Gibson to Dave5) 'What is the capital of India?' Sally to Rob6) 'Tidy your room, children.' Mother7) 'You are standing on my foot now.' Sally to Rob8) 'Will you help me with my homework?' Sally to Rob9) 'Meet me in front of the cinema.' Frank to Jenny10) 'Were you looking after your little sister yesterday, Julie? FrankB

1. “I spent a lot last Friday”, she said 2. “I worked hard last week”, he said 3. “You have extra lessons this week”, they told us4. “I’ve won a fortune on the football pools”, my uncle said5. “Mrs Johnson isn’t at work today because she is ill”, the secretary said6. “I’m going to buy a car tomorrow”, he told me7. “I don’t have much money”, Tony told me8. “It may rain at the weekend”, he said

C1. “Who’s that girl?” , I asked 2. “What’s your name?”, the boy asked me 3. “Do you have any brothers or sisters?”, I asked her4. “Did you hear that explosion?”, they asked us5. “have you spent all your money?”, his mother asked6. “ When did Peter get up?”, I asked them 7. “Where have they gone?”, she asked me 8. “Do you think it will rain tomorrow?” I asked him

D1. “Don’t touch that”, my mum said (tell)2. “Have a rest!” She said (tell)3. “Please, don’t drive so fast” his wife said (ask)4. “ Don’t tell anybody” I said (warn)5. “Give this to your brother”, my father said (tell)6. “Would you like to go on holiday with us?” they said (invite)7. “Don’t forget to post the letter” she said (remind)8. “If I were you, I wouldn’t take the job” she told him (advise)9. “Let’s walk instead of waiting for the bus”, Philip said

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EXTENDED READING PRACTICEAMISH LIFESTYLE

Amish, often referred to as a plain people, maintain a very distinct lifestyle. They use few modern conveniences and keep a horse and buggy* as their means of conveyance*. Buggies are a common sight in Lancaster as they clip-clop down country roads as well as more travelled routes.

Amish are easily identified by their manner of dressing, which, they feel, is a symbol of their separation from the world and a constant reminder of their commitment to God and their religion. Men and boys wear dark suits, coats without lapels*, pastel-coloured shirts, a straw or black broad-brimmed hat and black shoes. Women wear skirts with long sleeves and high necks topped off with caps and white or black aprons. They also wear select pastel colours. Wire hookand- eye fasteners, straight pins and velcro* are used as fasteners. Women and men do not wear jewellery or embellishments such as buttons (although, some buttons are worn on winter coats) on their clothes in order to maintain humility and disavow* anything that might gain them recognition, such as distinctive dress. Likewise, Amish do not style their hair, wear makeup, manufactured clothing or anything to alter God’s creation.

Black is the dominating colour for Amish life but, ironically, Amish are buried in white. Married men wear a beard. Moustaches are taboo since they were once associated with military officers and Amish are pacifists. Men keep their hair trimmed in a single layer, unparted cut that dips to the earlobe on the sides and above the collar in the back of the head.

Intelligencer Journal, Sunday 21/12/97*buggy=a small car, usually with no roof, which is designed for driving on rough ground* conveyance =a vehicle or method of transport*lapel= one of the two parts at the front of a coat or jacket that are folded back on each side below the collar*Velcro= special cloth material having two rough surfaces that stick together when pressed, used for fastening clothing and other objects*disavow=deny· Answer the following questionsa. Why are Amish referred to as plain people?b. When do Amish people wear clothes in white?c. Why do they not wear luxurious things?· What do you think about fashion and models?

TOBACCO ADVERTSA recent cigarette advert consisted of a dull picture of a motorcycle. Only one clue told consumers which

brand to buy: the motorcycle was red, the colour of Marlboro. Such adverts may puzzle or bore most people, but they anger anti-smoking groups, which argue that smoking is a health risk that should be prohibited.

Next week, The British Parliament will vote on a ban for all cigarette advertising. Ministers wish to cut smoking by children under 16 years by a third by 1998. Their proposal is to make existing rules tighter. However, there is no hard evidence that advertising has much effect on total consumption. Whereas in some countries prohibitions are followed by a fall in consumption, in others there seems to be an increase in smoking.

Many people believe there are better ways to prevent smoking. Tax increases or to enforce the law to prevent cigarette sales to teenagers under sixteen may have more effect than restrictions on advertising.· What’s the main idea of the text? Do you agree or not with the text?· Comment upon: Cigarette smoking should be forbidden in all public places.

MOTHERING MOCKEDYour article "Power lunches with my two-year-old" (City +, 8 April) reminded me of the contract babies I

saw in Philadelphia in 1995. Six-week-old infants were brought into a superbly equipped creche in the basement of an office block.

They were also brought in to the creche at weekends and when they were sick, so that their working mothers could have time off. The nurse became their mother, and the creche home. These children suffered severe emotional distress at the age of three when they had to leave. When I questioned why such women wanted children at all, I was told that many of them didn't want a baby; it was the men who wanted to be fathers and promised to finance the excellent childcare from six weeks if the women would agree to give birth. This makes a mockery of mothering. Power lunches make a mockery of fathering.

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From August this year, Norway plans to pay mothers to stay at home with their 0-2 year olds on condition that they do not use a public daycare centre. It is time the UK followed this example and set a true value, financial and social, on the time a mother spends caring for her young children at home.

(Sue Clasen, Chairman, Pershore, Worcestershire)· Answer the following questionsa. When were infants taken into creches?b. Why were infants taken into creches?c. Did these mothers want to have babies? Why did they have them?· What kind of father/mother would you like to be?

THE USE OF ENGLISH AS A GLOBAL TONGUE IS BOOMING AND SO IS CONCERNTHALWIL, Switzerland – In the tall stucco schoolhouse here its big, airy classrooms and views of Lake

Zurich, English has become part of the daily routine.Students, as young as 7, are learning multiplication or discussing the weather in English. In one classroom,

lists of songs that the first grade has already mastered include not only local German tunes but “Old Mc Donald” and “How are you this morning?”

Parents are delighted. “It is something that you need,” said Beatrix Caforeo, whose son, Andrea, goes to the school there. “Everywhere people are speaking English, not just abroad.”

Throughout Europe, English is growing in use and acceptability. Beyond the schoolhouse here, European Universities, particularly in Northern Europe, are giving courses in science, philosophy and business in English. Even some companies like the French telecommunications giant Alcatel –state-owned until 1982- now use English as their internal language.

But the growing use of English is not going down easily everywhere. The English program here has caused uproar in other parts of the country, where critics have questioned why English should be taught before another one of Switzerland’s four national languages. In many places and in many ways, Europe is debating the growing prominence of English.

Some see it as the language that might bind the Continent together. In one European Union survey, 70 percent of those surveyed agreed with the proposition that “everybody should speak English.” But nearly, as many said, their own language needed to be protected. Capturing the right balance is a subject of debate.· Answer the following questions according to the text.a. According to the text, where in Europe, besides the Swiss school, is English increasing in use?b. What is the main argument against the teaching of English in Switzerland?c. What do the defenders of using English as global language content?d. According to the article, what seems to be the opinion of the majority of Europeans?· What do you think about the use of English as a global language? Would it be practical? Would it threaten or endanger national identity?

THE TITANIC: ANOTHER DISASTER MOVIE?The biggest gamble in movie making history has received no fewer than fourteen Oscar nominations. And

not only that: contrary to what almost everyone said during the troubled course of its production, it looks like the gamble is going to pay off. Titanic, James Cameron’s $200 million epic about what he has called the quintessential tragedy of the 20th century has been a great success across Europe and America. Test screenings in America have been overwhelmingly positive. Daily Variety, the most influential film newspaper in America, has no doubts. They call it a spectacular demonstration of what modern technology can contribute to dramatic story-telling, and concludes that, unlike the liner which sank in the North Atlantic eighty-five years ago, this Titanic arrives at its destination.

But it hasn’t been all that easy. Shot over eight months (about two months longer than originally planned), Titanic saw its budget spiral almost out of control. With such lavish sets, huge casts and expensive, state-of-the-art computerized special effects, the movie seemed set to become as big a disaster as the story on which it was based.

The perfectionist James Cameron went to extraordinary lengths to get his film exactly right. The filmmakers built a perfect scale model of the ship, which at 236 metres was almost as big as the original, and mounted it on giant hydraulic lifts to reproduce the effect of the vessel sinking. The model stood in a tank filled with 77million litres of sea water.

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Everything in Cameron’s movie is bigger, grander and more expensive than anything that has been done before.· Answer the following questions according to the texta. What does the Daily Variety mean with this Titanic arrives at its destination?b. How long did it take to shoot the Titanic?c. Why is Cameron being described as a perfectionist?· Going to the movies is one kind of entertainment. Do you have any hobbies? How do you like to spend your free time?

HIGH-FLYERSAirline pilots have high social status and earn a great deal of money. Air hostesses have an uncertain status

and earn little. For those recently qualified, the basic pay is as little as $300 a month. This is little to balance against the possibility of a hijack or a disaster. So why do they do it?

I went to see Diane Humphreys, who is responsible for all Dan-Air’s cabin staff based at Manchester airport.

One reason why air hostesses don’t get over-anxious about flying may be that they’re so busy, before, during and after a flight.

On a Monday morning, a hostess might have an early morning flight, perhaps at 7 a.m. She has to check in 1.5 hours before the flight. That might mean leaving home at 4 a.m. Before the flight hostesses have to prepare the cabin and toilets and make sure that the food and drinks are aboard. Dan-Air doesn’t do long-distance flights and so there are no overnight stopovers. There’s a 45 minute turn-around interval, when the hostesses have to prepare the plane for the return flight. Depending on where you’re flying, this can make it a 12-hour day.

During the flight you’ve got no time to relax -the safety instructions have to be demonstrated and the food and drinks served. So one day you might have an early morning flight, the next an afternoon flight, the day after you might be on relief duty and have to be ready to work if someone else becomes ill or there is an emergency.· Read the text and answer these questions in your own words.1. What are the main differences between pilots and air hostesses?2. What do air hostesses have to do before and during the flights?· Summarize paragraph 4 (On a Monday morning... a 12-hour day) in no more than 30 words.· Is there a job that you would especially like to do?

ULSTER'S OPPORTUNITYAs before, Unionist opponents of the Northern Ireland peace deal are quoted as saying they are British and

want to stay British. Yet if you look around Europe, the qualities the British are known for are tolerance, the ability to laugh at themselves, an acute sense of irony, willingness to accept and implement negotiated agreements and above all, a commitment to democratic process. Do the Unionists recognise and cherish these qualities in themselves and will they work to sustain them as we try to on the "mainland"?

Undoubtedly, on a narrow interpretation, the Unionists have most to lose from the agreement as their 60-year stalemated hegemony departs. But the opportunity they and all Ulster are being offered is the chance to stop fighting over pieces of the same historic cake and to co-operate in sharing out a much larger cake, which, thanks to the EU, US, UK and peace itself can provide everyone with more: more jobs, more prosperity, more infrastructure, more future. Why settle for less when you can have more?

Nick Russell, London, NW5· Answer the following questionsa. What’s the difference between British and Unionist opponents?b. What opportunity is Ulster being offered?c. What will they get if they become a single Ireland?· Comment upon: Gibraltar: British or Spanish?

HEALTH IN AMERICAWhen Americans go abroad, one of their biggest concerns is, "Can you drink the water?" You may find

asking yourself the same question, especially in a hip, urban setting where you may notice many people, young and old, drinking from large and small plastic bottles. And these people will tell you, fiercely to put the fear of God in you, that "No! You cannot drink the tap water in this country anymore!" Ignore these people. These are the same

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kind of people who will also inform you that you will drop dead before 40, or worse, become ugly fat and stupid if you don't jog or join an expensive health club where you pay to sweat. Now simply turn the tap water and drink long and deep to quench your thirst. Do not be surprised the next morning if you still feel healthy and energetic.

Unless you come from a country, or stopped over in one, where dreaded diseases such as cholera, malaria, yellow or dengue fever are a fact of daily life, you do not need inoculations to enter America.

Availability of certain drugs is also restricted. What you have been able to get at your neighbourhood pharmacy in your country may require a doctor's prescription. So if you take medications, (e.g., for blood pressure or cholesterol), you must find an American doctor who can prescribe them for you. Or bring extra enough to last during your stay.· Answer the following questions according to the texta. Is the water from the tap good in America?b. Do you need to be vaccinated if you travel to America?c. What can you do if you go to America after having been prescribed a certain medicine?d. Why do some American people drink water from plastic bottles?· What do you know about health and healthy habits?

BLACK ENGLISHDuring the early years of American settlement, a highly distinctive form of English was beginning to

develop in the islands of the West Indies and the southern part of the mainland, spoken by the incoming black population. The beginning of the seventeenth century saw the emergence of the slave trade. Ships from Europe travelled to the West African coast, where they exchanged cheap goods for black slaves. The slaves were shipped in barbarous conditions to the Caribbean islands and the American coast, where they were in turn exchanged for such commodities as sugar, rum, and molasses. The ships then returned to England, completing an 'Atlantic triangle' of journeys, and the process began again. Britain and the United States had outlawed the stave trade by 1865, but by that time, nearly 200 years of trading had taken place. By the middle of the nineteenth century, there were over four million black slaves in America.

The policy of the slave-traders was to bring people of different language backgrounds together in the ships, to make it difficult for groups to plot rebellion. The result was the growth of several pidgin forms of communication, and in particular a pidgin between the slaves and the sailors, many of whom spoke English. Once arrived in the Caribbean, this pidgin English continued to act as a major means of communication between the black population and the new landowners, and among the blacks themselves. Then, when children came to be born, the pidgin became their mother tongue, thus producing the first black Creole speech in the region. This Creole English rapidly came to be used throughout the cotton plantations, and in the coastal towns and islands. Similarly, creolized forms of French, Spanish and Portuguese emerged in and around the Caribbean.· Answer the following questions according to the text.a. When did the slave trade begin?b. When was the slave trade forbidden in the USA?c. Why did the pidgins emerge?d. What kind of job did the slaves have?· What kind of job would you like to have in the future?

YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARKYosemite National Park became America's first state park in 1864. Compared to other protected areas,

Yosemite Valley is quite small, about seven miles long and a mile wide. Small enough, anyway for John Muir, the conservationist and founder of Sierra Club, to explore the entire area on foot is quite hard. But within its narrow confines are some of the most impressive cliffs, valleys, meadows, waterfalls, and flora and fauna.

The park ranges from 2,000 feet above sea level to more than 13,000 feet. Among its most famous peaks are El Capitan, the largest piece of exposed granite in the world, and Half Dome. Some of the most spectacular waterfalls, such as the Bridal Veil Falls, are only a short hike from the Yosemite Valley floor. The view of the Valley floor from the top of 3,200 foot Glacier Point, 32 miles away by road, is considered by many to be the most impressive of all. When you are not feeling "stoned" by the sheer cliffs that circle the valley, be aware of the black bears that no longer appear to fear humans and have known to brazenly walk into campsites and raid food. Coyotes and other denizens of the forests are more cunning and less visible. There are 196 miles of paved roads within the park and 840 miles of trails. Since it also has 8 miles of paved bike path, rent a bike and explore the relatively flat

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valley floor. To prevent congestion and overcrowding, there have been proposals to ban automobiles in Yosemite, especially during the very busy and crowded holiday weekends such as Memorial Day, Fourth of July, and Labour Day But don't let a trifle like that stop you from visiting one of the most fabulous natural wonders of the world.· Answer the following questions according to the texta. How big is Yosemite Park?b. What animals may threaten the visitors?c. Can you ride a bike around the park? Why?d. Why do some people want to ban cars from the Park?· What do you know about National Parks?

GLOBAL ENGLISHThe global English of our times has all the benefits of a standardizing process. There is a recognized

standard in Britain and America. There is also an agreed, standardized vocabulary and spelling system. Or nearly. Global English speaks with two voices: British and American. A student in, say, Japan or Saudi Arabia is confronted with not one version, but two, a distinction recognized by the main language schools, like Berlitz, who offer either British English or American English to their pupils.

The differences are essentially differences of accent, inflection*, spelling and, above all, vocabulary: apartment versus flat, buddy versus mate, candy versus sweets, diaper versus nappy. There are so many different expressions that America’s Associated Press and Britain’s Reuters news agencies have to translate English into English. The Reuters office in New York has a twelve-page list of common terms requiring translation and many are the books that compile jokes about box, knock up* and fag.* the way in which the sound of your voice changes during speech, for example when you emphasize particular words*knock up= to make a woman pregnant* To box someone in is to limit their choices in a difficult situation· Answer the following questions using your own words.a. What is the greatest difference between British and American English?b. How many varieties of English do some school languages teach? Which ones?· Comment upon the differences between your mother language and a foreign language.

MURDER AT THE QUEEN ROCK FESTIVALFAN BLEEDS TO DEATH IN CROWD.

A 21-year-old pop fan was knifed to death early yesterday during a massive open air concert by rock super group Queen.

As Queen lead singer Freddie Mercury thrilled 120.000 people at Knebworth House, Hertfordshire, a fight broke out between rival fans only yards* from the stage. The dead man, believed to be from Glasgow, was stabbed five times in the stomach and chest. He died before an ambulance could get him to hospital in nearby Stevenage. A shocked witness said: "The guy didn't have a chance in hell. Ambulance men couldn't get to him because of the crowds and he was just bleeding to death." An ambulance man confirmed:

"People were standing shoulder to shoulder and it was impossible to get through quickly. The whole thing was overcrowded and badly organised."

Last night several youths were helping police in Stevenage with their inquiries. In another incident an ambulance was called to help a young woman attacked by a Hell's Angel* who poured boiling water over her. More than 1000 people needed first aid during the concert. There were about a dozen arrests but none for drug offences.* One yard is equal to 0.91 metres.*a member of a motorcycle gang and organized crime syndicate whose members typically rideHarley-Davidson motorcycles.· QUESTIONS.1. Did the fan die?2. How old was he?3. Where was the concert played?4. Why couldn't the fan be saved or rescued?5. How many people needed help?· What do you think about safety in pop concerts?

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TELEVISION AND DRAMADuring the last five or six years television has become more and more important to drama in general, not

only in offering a valuable testing ground for new dramatists, but also in forming taste and preparing audiences, almost imperceptibly, for new things. The advantage with television in this respect is precisely what has generally been taken as its main disadvantage: the relatively uncritical approach of the mass audience. This is not to say they are really "captive", as superior people like to say: one has only to look at the series of TAM* ratings, which record the state of the television set in the testing sample's home every thirty seconds, to find out the speed with which a programme will be switched off if viewers don't like it. But though they know what they like and what they don't like when they see it, they do not on the whole have any marked preconceptions before any given programme begins. A play, whoever it is by and whatever style it is written, is judged by the same simple but reliable rule of thumb* as Wagon Train or What's my line*: if they like it, if it holds their attention, it stays on; if not they switch to the other channel or even, in extreme cases switch off.*Television Audience Measurement* a practical and approximate way of doing or measuring something*TV series· QUESTIONS1. When has television become important?2. What is it important for?3. Why is it important?4. Which is the real advantage for television?· Do you think it is important to have any preconceptions of a programme before watching it?· Do you agree with the text? Why? Why not?

THE SPORTING SPIRITI am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates good will between the nations, and that if

only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.

Even if one didn't know, from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles. Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your most to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling and local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused.

At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe -at any rate for short periods- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

Even a leisurely game like cricket, demanding grace rather than strength, can cause much ill-will. Football, a game in which everyone gets hurt, is far worse. Worst of all is boxing.

George Orwell.· QUESTIONS1. What do people say about sport?2. Does the writer agree with them?3. What is the attitude of the spectators?4. Do you agree with the author's opinions about sport? Why? Why not?· What do you think/know about American habits?

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TEST ACADEMIE 1(2010)

Partea I: Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d.Are you interested in seeing the beautiful fall foliage of New England but tired of traffic jams and overbooked hotels? Then this year forget the crowds in New England and see the beautiful colors of autumn in the Catskills.The rugged mountains in New York State, just 90 miles northwest of New York City, are famous for the legendary tales of Rip Van Winkle, and more recently for the summer hotels that sprang up in the region during the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s. Families trying to escape the heat of New York City found the Catskills to be the perfect place to stay for a month or so each summer. By the late 1950s, there were over 500 resorts and hotels offering nighttime entertainment as well as all kinds of outdoor activities. Since the introduction of air-conditioning and cheaper air travel, however, families have stopped coming to the Catskills in such large numbers, choosing instead more distant locations at different times of the year. Many of the Catskill hotels closed in the 1970s, but some remain and have expanded and changed their facilities to meet the needs of today’s visitors. Currently, there are many activities available to the traveler besides witnessing the changing colors of the leaves. There is an all organic sheep farm where visitors can see how a traditional sheep farm operates. There are also hundreds of scenic drives in the area. Route 42, for instance, is an excellent site for spotting bald eagles.1. What is the author’s main purpose in this passage?a) to promote the Catskills as a vacation destination.b) to introduce visitors to famous Catskills entertainers.c) to describe the history of the Catskills region.d) to compare the Catskills to New England.2. According to the passage, which of the following caused the decline in the number of resorts in the 1970s?a) televisionb) shorter vacationsc) affordable air traveld) more traffic3. In what season would a tourist most likely have visited the Catskills in the 1950s?a) fallb) winterc) springd) summer4. Which of the following most reflects the author’s tone in this passage?a) informative and scientificb) humorous and skepticalc) regretful and reminiscentd) light and encouraging5. According to the passage, what might a visitor be lucky enough to do?a) see fall leaves in colorb) see a kind of birdc) work on a sheep farm

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d) drive on scenic roads6. The author implies that in the Catskills there are few:a) leavesb) eaglesc) peopled) sheepThe weather is not beautiful all of the time. Perhaps you can remember a day when bad weather made youafraid. One kind of bad weather that scares many people is called a thunderstorm. This is what happens when there is a thunderstorm. First you see a sudden flash of bright light. A few seconds later you hear a loud rumbling sound. This quick flash is called lightning, and the loud sound is called thunder. Lightning is colourful, but it can cause serious problems. Lightning is electricity that is moving very rapidly. It may be moving between a cloud and the ground, between two clouds or between two parts of the same cloud. The lightning heats the air around it. This hot air expands, or gets bigger, and it causes the air to move in waves. The air waves pass you in series, one after another.For this reason, you may hear many rumbles and not just one sound.7. The main idea of paragraph two is:a) In a thunderstorm, lightning is dangerous, and thunder is, too.b) A thunderstorm consists of lightning and thunder.c) At the beginning of a thunderstorm, there is heavy rain and lightning.d) People remember the days when bad weather scares them.8. When you hear thunder, you may hear a series of loud sounds and not one big sound. This is because:a) the hot air moves between two clouds.b) the air waves pass one after another.c) the thunder comes after the lightning.d) it is summer time and too hot outside.9. Lightning always moves:a) between two clouds.b) in waves.c) rapidly.d) slowly.People have smoked cigarettes for a long time now. The tobacco which is used to make cigarettes was first grown in what is now part of the United States. Christopher Columbus, who discovered America, saw the Indians smoking. Soon the dried leaves were transported to Europe where smoking began to catch on. In the late 1800s, the Turks made cigarettes popular. Cigarette smoke contains at least two harmful substances, tar and nicotine. Tar, which forms as the tobacco burns, damages the lungs and therefore affects breathing. Nicotine, which is found in the leaves, causes the heart to beat faster and increases the breathing rate. Smoking cigarettes is dangerous. The US Public Health Service stated that cigarette smoking is the cause of lung cancer and several other deadly diseases. The US government now requires that each package of cigarettes bears a special warning about the danger of smoking.10. The main idea of paragraph 3 is:a) Smoking is very bad for your health.b) There is a special warning on each package of cigarettes.

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c) The US Public Health Service said that smoking causes lung cancer.d) Cigarette smoke damages not only our lungs but also the heart.11. Before Columbus discovered America:a) Europeans did not smoke cigarettesb) nicotine was not in tobaccoc) both a) and b)d) Turks used to smoke cigarettes12. In the nineteenth century, smoking became popular because of the people in:a) Indiab) Turkeyc) the USd) England13. Breathing is affected by:a) tarb) nicotinec) both a) and b)d) neither a) nor b)The skunk is a small animal that comes in a variety of color patterns, but the most well-known variety isblack with a white line or stripe down its back. The skunk is probably most famous for its method of protecting itself. If another animal tries to attack or hurt it, the skunk will release or spray a yellowish liquid. This liquid can burn skin and hurt other animals’ eyes. In addition, this liquid smells horrible!14. What is the main idea of the paragraph?a) Skunks are small animals with strong feet.b) Some skunks are black with a white stripe, but there are other patterns.c) Skunks have a unique way of protecting themselves from danger.d) Skunks try to attack or hurt other animals that have the same colors.The United Nations was officially set up on October, 24, 1945, at a special meeting, in San Francisco,California. The idea of the UN, as the United Nations is often called, was proposed by Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt. The UN, which has more than 130 nation members, tries to keep world peace, help countries to be friends, encourage countries to respect each other, improve living conditions, and set up a good system of international law.15. What is the main idea of the paragraph?a) The United Nations began in 1945.b) The United Nations has 130 members.c) The United Nations was begun by Churchill and Roosevelt.d) The United Nations is a large international organization.Partea a II-a: GRAMATICĂ ŞI VOCABULAR16. I’m hungry I …… anything since breakfast.a) didn’t eatb) haven’t eatenc) don’t eatd) hadn’t eaten

17. I …… for a new car for months before I bought one.a) have been lookingb) lookedc) had lookedd) had been looking

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18. If she were rich she …… a big house.a) will buyb) can buyc) could buyd) buys19. I feel like …… out tonight. What about you?a) to gob) goingc) we god) to going20. I …… apologize when I broke my mom’s favourite glass.a) ought tob) mustc) couldd) had to21. Sergeant Sheila prefers ice-skating …… driving.a) thanb) fromc) tod) rather22. When you rang I …… my bike.a) cleanedb) was cleaningc) used to cleand) clean23. Lizzie has been having dance classes …… she was four years old.a) forb) fromc) sinced) when24. The news …… on the radio yesterday.a) were announcedb) announcedc) was announcedd) is announced25. The play was said …… because the lead actor was ill.a) to be cancelledb) to have cancelledc) cancelledd) to have been cancelled

26. Father would not …... us to go there for our summer holiday.a) letb) permitc) agreed) leave27. Our mutual friend was …... with murder.a) accusedb) arrestedc) chargedd) sentenced28. Can this camera …... good photos?a) makeb) takec) achieved) do29. She prefers to …... her own business.a) chargeb) runc) maked) order30. I’m so excited! It’s my first day …... .a) at jobb) in workc) in jobd) at work31. They had a terrible fight and now their wedding is …... .a) upb) overc) offd) out32. Please …... me to call John on his birthday.a) rememberb) recollectc) remindd) reiterate33. The bank …... were caught by the police on the same day.a) thievesb) robbersc) burglarsd) bandits

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34. We are just …... the last act of the play.a) rehearsingb) revisitingc) repeatingd) rejecting

35. Spanish is the …... tongue of many South Americans.a) motherb) birthc) natived) natural

Partea a III-a: SCRIS36. Which is the correct sentence?a) Why bought your sister a new skirt for her birthday?b) Why don’t you buy your sister a new skirt for her birthday?c) Why don’t you buy your sister a skirt new for her birthday?d) Why not you buy your sister a new skirt for her birthday?37. Choose the correct conclusion to a letter:a) I’m looking forward to seeing you here.b) I’m looking forward to see you here.c) I’m seeing forward to looking you here.d) I’m seeing forward to look you here.38. Which is the correct salutation of a formal letter when you do not know the name of the person you are writing to?a) Dear Sir,b) Dear Madam,c) Dear Sir/Madam,d) Dear Mr./Mrs.,39. Which is the correct ending to a formal letter which begins with Dear Sir/Madam?a) Yours faithfully,b) Yours,c) Yours sincerely,d) Best,40. Select the phrase that best completes the sentence:I am writing ……. my last holiday.a) complaining aboutb) to complain atc) to complain tod) to complain about41. Which is the correct order:a) I really was excited when the parcel arrived for me.b) I was really excited when the parcel did arrived for me.c) I was really excited when the parcel arrived for me.d) Was I really excited when did the parcel arrive for me.42. Which would you choose to end an informal letter?a) Yours faithfully,b) Best wishes,c) Yours friendly,d) Yours sincerely,43. Choose the best connectors:I …… agreed with them, …… thoroughly disagreed.a) both ….. andb) either ….. nor

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c) neither …. nord) not only …. but olso44. Choose the correct variant to complete the sentence:I want to know …..a) where located your hotel is.b) where is your hotel located.c) where your hotel located is.d) where your hotel is located.45. Which is the best sentence to begin an e-mail to a friend:a) I am writing to tell about my experience working in this hotel.b) I am writing to express my satisfaction at working in this hotel.c) It’s great working in this hotel.d) I’m writing to let you know how enthusiastic I am about working in this hotel.NOTĂ: Timpul de lucru 90 de minute.Toţi itemii sunt obligatorii. Pentru fiecare item corect rezolvat se acordă 0,2 puncte. Se alocă 1 punct din oficiu.

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MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. How long___________ your car?a. are you havingb. have you hadc. you are having2. After___________ some time with my family, I traveled to London

a. spendingb. have spentc. have spending3. Would you mind___________ the book I gave you?

a. to returnb. returningc. to returning4. I don’t feel__________ to the cinema.a. to goingb. like goingc. to go5. I______ him for years. a. have knownb. knowc. have been knowing6. _______________ it go dark, I began to feel afraid.

a. Whileb. As soon asc. Until7. Don’t work so hard. You _____________very tired.

a. look as ifb. looking as ifc. look8. The people_____________ house we’re staying in live in England.

a. whitchb. whosec. where9. I heaven’t finished my homework____________.

a. alreadyb. stillc. yet10. I____________ in California when I met my friend Joe.

a. workerb. was working c. working11. Can you ______________the keys when you get home?

a. give to herb. give her

c. to give her12. Although students____________Everton are___________ in their early____, we are accepting more and more _________applicants.

a. attend, generally, twenty, olderb. attending, generally, twenties, olders

c. attending, generally, twenties, olders

13. Ideally, they_______have completed_______ one year_______university.

a. should, at last, inb. must, as least, atc. should, at least, in 14. Although I made_________ impression during my job interview, I don’t think I’m going to be hired

a. a successfulb. an importantc. a favorable 15. I’d like you to_____ some recent photos__________ you write me.

a. enclose, next time b. enter, next timec. enclose, , the next time 16. In his speech, the Predident__________the importance_________our productivity

a. pointed, of increasingb. stressed, of to increasec. stressed, of increasing 17. “Why aren’t you working?” “Because I don’t know what________”a. do I dob. am I doingc. to do 18. If you follow the____________you’ll learn how to operate this stereo system.

a. writingsb. descriptionsc. instructions 19. “I work as a journalist for a national newspapers”.

“That___________a really interesting job”.a. must beb. would have beenc. will be 20. “You probably get a really great salary”.“I’m not really as__________as you think Iam”a. paid wellb. well paid

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c. well paying 21. “ What sort of job are you looking for?” “I’d like to have a job_________use the foreign languages I know”

a. that canb. where toc. where I can 22. “How good are you at keeping deadlines?”“I always finish my work when I_________.”a. am supposingb. am supposed toc. have suppose 23. I bought a _______,_______,_________sweater.

a. red, new, woolenb. woolen, new, redc. new, red, wollen 24. I’d like to ask you some questions about your_________background.

a. educationb. educationalc. educated 25. “You’re late” “I_________ here fasted because there was such a heavy traffic”.

a. can’t getb. wasn’t gettingc. couldn’t get 26. I wonder__________you’d mind lending me your calculator

a. howb. whetherc. when 27. “Anne’s not here now, but I can take a message for her.” . “O.K. Please___________her to call Joe at eight o’clock”

a. to tellb. could you tell

c. tell 28. I work_______ small ________company.a. for, publishingb. in a, publishingc. for a, publishing 29. The company has_________an office in Paris.

a. openedb. oppenedc. open 30. I have been_________to run a new office _________Paris.

a. chose, in theb. chosen, in

c. choosen, at 31.Alexandra said she__________their marketing manager.

a. wasb. werec. is32. You________obviously _________ill for several days.

a. have, been b. had, be c. has, been33. What did she say? She said she__________to talk to you.

a. doesn’t haveb. aren’t aboutc. didn’t want34. It is dreadful having__________a room with her. She is so untidy!

a. sharingb. to sharec. to stay35. Can you really_________to buy that CD__________now?

a. affrord, recorderb. afford, playersc. afford, player36. _________you ring me to let me_________you_______safely?

a. should, know, ‘re b can, know, are c. can, know, would be37. Why________Andrew__________mistakes all the time?

a. does, makeb. is, makingc. -, makes38. How do you get________ __________your parents?

a. -, withb. well, withc. on, with39. What sort of_________car has Christine__________this time?

a. -, buyb. a, buyc. -, bought40. My sister had always______self-conscious about_______nose so she decided to go to________clinic _________an operation__________will straighten it.

a. been, her, a, for, whichb. be, his, a, for, whoc. been, her, the, for, who

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41. You________be very proud of your son________so many prizes.

a. will, to winb. will, wining c. must, winning42. We thought our cousins_______ us when they were in town last week, but they didn’t even phone. I suppose they________too busy.

a. would pay a visit, are all the time

b. would visit, must have been

c. will visit, are43. I have just_______the garage to check whether they’ve__________my car, but I_________get an answer.

a. rung, fixed, can’tb. ring, fixed, cannotc. rung, fix, cannot44. Why did you walk all the way from the station? You_________for a lift.

a. had to phonedb. could have phonedc. should to ring me up45. The expenses will be_________by__________taxpayer.

a. Supported, -b. borne, thec. borne, those46. It is one of___________cities in England.a. most pollutedb. the most pollutedc. polluted47. The___________of the negotiations is uncertain yet.

a. results b. rulesc. outcome48. He finally __________to get in touch with him.a. succeedeb managedc. succeeded49. There__________great_________between the two countries. Close relations __________between them.

a. are, differences, existb. are, difference, existsc. is a, difference, are50. She is _________ French and American.a. both b. alsoc. too51. He should________ the waiter a bigger tip.

a. givenb. have givenc. gave52. He__________in politics since the last ________.

a. was interested, electionsb. has been interested, elections

c. have been interested, voting

53. They are ___________ good friends, I_________ I had a car to see them more often.

a. such, wishb. my, wantc. -, wanted54. I___________ never manage to remember how________that door.

a. can, to openb. will, oppeningc. cannot, to open55. In the USA, young__________ are lucky to__________to drive at sixteen in some states.

a. peoples, canb. people, be allowedc. people, allow56. I________ two years in __________United States several years ago.

a. spent, - b. spend, -c. spent, the57. She _________ alone for ten years, since her parents’death.

a. has been livingb. has been leavingc. had been leaving58. Whatever arguments the Union leader used in_________speech, he_________failed to convince ________ nation.

a. his, has, theb. his, has, ac. her, her, the59. Are you interested__________photography?

a. forb. in c. at60. I prefer travelling by airplane_________ it’s usually faster and more__________than other means of transportation.

a. although, comfortableb. since, comfortablec. furthermore, suitable61. It was your birthday yesterday, _________?

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a. wasn’t itb. didn’tc. or it wasn’t62. “ Where will we be able to have lunch?”“ Don’t worry . There are a lot of nice places________ downtown.”

a. for us eatingb. for eat atc. for eating63. “What would you do if you lost your job?”

“I guess _________another one.”a. I would have looked for b. I would look forc. To look for64. “ Why have you decided not to buy the car?”

“Because I ____________.”a. don’t afford it b. can’t afford itc. can’t afford65. If you __________an effort, you will finish your work by two o’clock.

a. tryb. makec. do66. John is a very _____friend of mine and we’ve known each other for years.

a. nearb. firmc. close67. I’ve been asked to be the_________ of ceremonies at our school’s graduation dinner.

a. leaderb. speakerc. master68. Your money will be______ if you are not satisfied with our service.

a. rejoinedb. refundedc. restored69. It is healthier to eat apples without ____________ them.

a. cleaningb. undoingc. peeling70. Most of the tenants who_________in our apartament building are students.

a. rentb. residec. set71. My teacher always _________me on the back whenever I do good work.

a. hits

b. patsc. hands72. He couldn’t listen to his walkman because his mother had_________the batteries.

a. tiedb. remover c. changed73. I can’t do this puzzle. I ____________!a. give outb. give upc. give off74. _____________ of them could win the quiz. It was very difficult.

a. eitherb. neitherc. both75. Flight nineteen from Paris is now arriving at ___________.

a. gate twob. the gate two c. the second gate76. The greater the demand, ____________the price.

a. the highest b. higherc. the higher77. The Oxford University was__________in the thirteenth century.

a. foundedb. foundc. renovated78. We__________ swim near windsurfers.a. wouldn’tb. oughtn’tc. shouldn’t79. We never stop____________a language.a. learningb. learnc. to learn80. If I _____________you, I’d write that letter straight away.

a. have beenb. had beenc. were81. I don’t want to cook. Let’s buy some__________food

a. take homeb. take awayc. take off82. They have some very lovely___________in their garden.

a. boothsb. bushesc. wigs

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83. His uncle’s son is his ___________.a. brother-in –lawb. nephewc. cousin84. He contributed a great deal to the development of our culture_________-.

a. wrinting, as a teacher and lecturer

b. wrinting, teaching and lecturing

c. wrinting, teaching and as a lecturer

85. “ According to a recent report, the number of automobile accidents has actually gone down. The reason for this decrease can be attributed to better driver education.”

Based an the above astatements, there are fewer car accidents, because:a. there are better cars on the roadb. drivers are better trainedc. drivers are very educated86. “ Ticket prices: $30.000One Way- All Destinations, out of which:- 50%discount for night-time trips;- Passengers who are 18 years of age and younger pay 90%of the fare;- Passengers who are 5 years the age and younger travel free-of-charge. How much would you pay if you were sixteen years old?a. more than $20.000b. less than $15.000c. 10% off the regular fare87. “ I’m fictional character in a play by Shakespeare. I live in Verona. My family are the swor enemies of the Montagues, but unfortunately I am madly in love with one of them. In our story, we get married secretly, but then things start to go drastically wrong. The end of our love story takes place in my family’s vault where my lover poisons himself and I end up stabbing myself with a dagger. Sad, isn’t it? My name is……..”.

a. Robert Kennedyb. The Duke of Windsorc. Juliet Capulet88. “ The ability to deal with people is as purchasable a commodity as sugar or coffee. And I will pay more for that ability than for any other the sun.” Who might these words belong to?

a. John D. Rockefellerb. Benjamin Franklinc. Albert Einstein89. Find the correct interpretation: He gave an accurate description of the man. a. He handled them a report about the manb. He described the man accusinglyc. He gave a correct and exact description of the man.90. Find the correct interpretation: Every writer is a student of human nature.a. Writers always want to become students again.b. Writers always learn about the human naturec. Writers’ human nature is similar to students’ one91. Find the correct interpretation: Before they moved in, they cleaned the house thoroughly.a. They cleaned the house from top to bottom and then they moved inb. They went through the house to make sure it was clean before moving inc. They decided to clean the house they had moved in92. Find the correct interpretation: They only knew basic language.a. They had a very small vocabularyb. They were very coarsec. They used a simple computing language

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93. Find the correct interpretation: The USA is almost as large as Europe.a. Europe is slightly bigger than the USAb. Europe is as big as the USAc. The USA is much bigger than Europe94. Find the correct interpretation: There were fifteen people besides me applying for the joba. Fifteen people were standing next to me in the queue for the jobb. There were fifteen of us who wanted the jobc. I was not applying for the job95. Find the correct interpretation: As he walked through the door, she walked out.a. He walked in and at the same time she walked outb. Before he walked in, she walked outc. He walked in and then she walked out96. Find the correct interpretation: Plase, take a seat!a. Pick one up and take it awayb. I don’t want all my seats any morec. Sit down97. Find the correct interpretation: How on earth did you find me?a. You’ll never find out where I am b. It is quite difficult to get hold of me, but you didc. What do you think of me?98. Find the correct interpretation: I am not actually on the list of candidates a. My mane is not on the list of candidates b. My name is not on the list, but it will be soon c. I withdrew my mane from the list of candidates99. Find the correct interpretation: He could have studied English last year.a. He has studies English, but he doesn’t any moreb. He was able to study English last year.c. He had the opportunity to study English but didn’t take it100. Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: He was CONFIDENT in his approaches

a. trustfulb. certainc. tolerant101. Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: Helen was definitely a SHREWD woman

a. stupidb. cleverc. direct102. Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: His DESULTORY remaks made the vistors feel confused

a. goodb. initialc. untidy103. Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: Her CONSPICUOUS achievements are her best recommendation

a. well-knownb. remarkablec. social 104. Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: The report was SCATHING about the lack of safety.

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a. scornfulb. very criticalc. clear105. Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: His RUGGED manners betrayed his low origins.

a. awfulb. indecentc. coarse106. Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: I was STUNNED by the news of her death.

a. impressed b. shocked c. stunted107. Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: As he seemed to be a coward, everybody TAUNTED him.

a. accusedb. ridiculedc. pointed at108. Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: She cast a FURTIVE glance at her partner

a. brief b. slyc. casual109. Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters: Their sudden outburst was obiously genuine, it couldn’t have been CONTRIVED.

a. Falseb. plannedc. dissolute110. Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters:She was a THRIFTY housekeeper, an important matter to one of his small means and never wasted a penny.

a. kindb. poorc. sparing111. Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters:He proved himself a BOLD and ASTUTE commander.a. brave, cunningb. brave, engagedc. fearless, severe112. Choose the best synonym for the words written in capital letters:With a sign he TOSSED the programme back on the table.a. putb. filled in c. cast

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TENSE REVISIONPast & Present Perfect

Richard Fox (1)___________(live) in Hong Kong for around seven years and for the past two years he (2)_________(share) a flat in Wan Chai. He originally (3)________ (come) here on holiday but (4)_________(decide) to stay on when he heard that it was easy to find a job as a teacher. He (5)___________(work) for three different schools over the years and (6)____________(just/start) work for his fourth employer.

He likes Hong Kong because of its convenient location in Asia which (7)__________(allow) him to visit a lot of countries in the region. To date he (8)___________(go) to China, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam and Cambodia. He (9)____________(not/go) to Macau as he says he’s not interested in gambling.

He likes the food in this part of the world and (10) ___________(try)a lot of dishes that he (11)_____________(not/hear of ) before he (11)__________(come) here. While on holiday in China a couple of years ago he even (12)___________(try) dog, which he describes as ‘quite tasty’. He (13)___________(not/sample) monkeys’ brains yet, but says he’ll give anything a try...once.

He says that living in a city like Hong Kong is very different to the small town in England where he (14)___________(bring up) and (15) ____________(give) him a broader outlook on life. He (16)______________(never / have to) learn a foreign language before he (17)_____________(come) here. Nor (18)________________(meet) many people from Asia.

He still finds communication with local people difficult at times and he (18)__________(be) lazy about learning Chinese. However, he (19) ________________ (at last / enroll) for a course in spoken Cantonese which ___________(20) next week.

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Present Tense – Simple or progressive1. They normally _____________________ lunch at two. (have) 2. Are _____________________ in Paris this week? (you work) 3. You _____________________ new clothes every Saturday! (buy) 4. I played football at school but now I _____________________ swimming (prefer) 5. I _____________________ no idea what the book is about. Can you tell me what it’s about? (have) 6. John _____________________ a difficult time at the university this year (have) 7. My father _____________________ everything about cars, but nothing about bicycles. (know) 8. The moon _____________________ round the earth. (go) 9. Do _____________________ those men at the door? – They _____________________ at us very strangely (you see, look) 10. We _____________________ that the contents of this letter should be changed.(feel) 11. They _____________________ lunch at the moment. – You shouldn’t disturb them. (have) 12. The watch _____________________ to my grandmother. (belong) 13. I _____________________ what you _____________________ me but I don’t agree with you (hear, tell) 14. This medicine _____________________ a new substance (contain) 15. These days we _____________________ tests at school. (always have) 16. Why _____________________ my coat? – Oh, I’m sorry. It _____________________ like mine! (you wear, look) 17. This cake _____________________ strange. What’s in it? (smell) 18. Hi Jake. – What _____________________ at the moment? – I _____________________ the sunshine at the beach. (you do, enjoy) 19. Where __________________________ from? (new neighbours, come) 20. What _____________________ for a living? - He is a government official but he quit his job a few weeks ago. – And what _____________________ now? – At the moment he _____________________ for a new job. (your Dad do, he do, look)

Past Tense – Simple or progressive1. It ______________________ (rain) when we __________________ (come) out of the shopping centre. 2. It _________________(happen) very quickly. The car ______________________ (come) out of the side road and then the van ______________________ (drive) into the back of it. 3. I ______________________ (be) ill last week. 4. He ______________________ (break)his leg when he ______________________ (ski) . 5. I ______________________ (look)out of the window and saw that people __________________ (walk) in the park. 6. Emma ______________________ (pass) her exam a few weeks ago. 7. When we ______________________ (see) the spaceship we ___________________(stop) the car. 8. When ______________________ (you buy) the car? – I ______________________ (buy) it a few years ago. 9. He ______________________ (sit) in the garden when a wasp ______________________(sting) him in the nose. 10. Claire ______________________ (go) to Egypt last month. 11. She ______________________ (have) a beautiful dream when the alarm clock ________________ (ring). 12. The car ______________________ (stop) at the lights. 13. We ______________________ (drive) home in the middle of the night when we ______________ (see) a flashing light. 14. Soft music ______________________ (play) when I ______________________ (go) into the room. 15. ______________________ (you buy) that bag while I ______________________ (look) after the children? 16. It ______________________ (be) peaceful and the birds ______________________ (sing). 17. Was _________________________(Jimmy, already wait) for you when you ______________________ (get) there? 18. I ______________________

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(ring) at about 3 o’clock yesterday, but you ______________________ (not pick) up the phone. – What ______________________ (you do) ? – I ______________________ (help) Dad in the garden so I probably ______________________ (not hear)it. 19. I ______________________ (lie) in the bath when the phone ______________________ (ring). It ______________________ (stop) after a few rings. 20. It ______________________ (be) cold when we ______________________ (leave) the house that day.

Fill in the correct form of the Present Perfect tense!1. The earth __________________ here for billions of years (be). 2. We ________________________ cards for the last few hours (play). 3. We ________________________ problems with our new car recently (have) 4. ____________________________ on anything interesting lately ?(you work) 5. Cuba ________________________ a socialist country since 1959 (be) 6. I ________________________ care of my neighbour’s cats while they are away (take) 7. I ________________________ my car for three years (have). 8. ________________________________ an important fight? (the boxer , ever, win) 9. John and Mary ________________________ with each other since the day they got married (quarrel). 10. It ________________________ hard since last night (rain). 11. I’m tired because I ________________________ well lately. (not feel) 12. _________________________________ your problems? (your parents, always, understand) 13. The patient ________________________ penicillin for several days now (take) 14. A big earthquake ________________________ San Francisco since 1906. (not hit) 15. They ___________________________ in San Francisco since they arrived in the USA 20 years ago. (live) 16. He got ill five weeks ago and ________________________ yet. (not recover) 17. Everyone in the Middle East ________________________ about the situation for decades (worry). 18. We ________________________ very cold weather this year (have) 19. Where ________________________ the money? (you, hide) 20. At last ,my favourite team ________________________ against its most important rival (win) 21. I ________________________ for 6 years. (be married) 22. Dad ________________________ a number of jobs in the last few years (have). 23. The bank is still closed. It ________________________ yet. (not open) 24. Our daughter ___________________________ lipstick since she was 16 (wear). 25. She is angry because her boyfriend ________________________ up yet and she ________________________ for half an hour. (not show, wait). 26. I’m still waiting for an answer. They ________________________ up their minds yet. (not make) 27. How many times ________________________ the cat today? (Kim feed) 28. The kids ________________________ on my nerves. They ________________________ too much noise (get, make). 29. My company ________________________ a lot of money in the last few years. They ________________________ hard on an important project. (make, work). 30. They ________________________ our new refrigerator yet, but they will any day now. (not deliver)

Fill in the correct form of the verb – All tenses1. My family ___________________ (buy) some land in southern France recently. They ___________________ (build) a summer house there at the moment. 2. Andy and Mary ___________________ (go) to a concert tomorrow night. They ____________________________ (look forward to) it the whole week. 3. Jonathon ___________________ (watch) the news on TV every day and it ___________________ (help)

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him with his English. 4. My car ___________________ (break) down when I ___________________ (drive) home from work. I ________________________ (fix) it if I ___________________ (know) what was wrong. But I didn’t so ___________________ (have) to take it to the garage. 5. When he ___________________ (found) Microsoft, Bill Gates was only 20 years old. He ___________________________ (already write) his first computer programme six years earlier. 6. An accident ___________________ (happen) near my house last night. A car _______________ (hit) a young man. He ___________________ (ride) his bike when someone in front of him suddenly ___________________ (open) a car door. Many people ___________________ (see) the accident. The police ___________________ (interrogate) them last night. 7. Mrs Smith said that one day she ________________________ (retire) from teaching. She said that she ___________________ (spend) her new free time learning about computers. 8. I ______________________ (not sleep) at all last night. Someone ___________________ (listen) to music all night. 9. I ___________________ (see) a film a week ago, but I _______________________ (not enjoy) it very much because I _______________________ (already read) the book. If I ___________________ (not read) the book I ____________________________ (probably enjoy) the film more. 10. The judge sentenced the man to eight years in prison because he ___________________ (rob) a bank. 11. They ________________________ (stand) in the queue for over an hour when the manager ___________________ (tell) them that there were no more tickets. 12. Alan ___________________ (be) in the car accident yesterday. The other driver ___________________ (lose) control of his car because he ___________________ (fall) asleep. 13. She ___________________ (not see) her father since he ___________________ (start) to work in Marseille two years ago. 14. I ___________________ (sleep) when the fire broke out. 15. Linda phoned and explained that she _________________________ (not can) to come to the party the next day because she ___________________ (be) still sick. 16. I ________________________ (just see) the film “The Da Vinci Code”. – ___________________ (you see) it too? – No, I ___________________ (not have) but I ___________________ (read) the book. 17. My sister ___________________ (fly) home from London today. Her flight ___________________ (arrive) in an hour so I ___________________ (leave) for the airport right now to get there in time. 18. Unless he ___________________ (sell) more he won’t get much money. 19. While he ___________________ (wait) for the bus there ___________________ (be) a robbery at the bank. After the robbers ___________________ (go) away the police ___________________ (come) but they ___________________ (not can) to catch them. 20. I ___________________ (use) to ski when I was at the university but I ___________________ (break) a leg five years ago and since then I ___________________ (not ski) any more.

Fill in the correct form verb – All Tenses 1.I _______________ a great film yesterday. (see) 2. _____________________ a new car? (you ever buy) 3. I _______________ him last Monday. (meet) 4. The band _______________ while I _______________ . (play, write) 5. She _______________ the new car in 2005. (buy) 6. Her mother _____________________ in Victoria for the past five years. (live) 7. They ____________________________ in Germany when we arrived a few days ago. (already be) 8. _______________________ to get married? (you plan) 9. I _____________________ so much fun since I was a kid. (have) 10. When I got up I _____________________ out of the window and _____________________ that it _____________________ . (look, see, rain) 11. Janet

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_____________________ for Smith and Brothers before she came to work for us. (work) 12. I _____________________ three movies so far this week. (see) 13. How long _____________________ for me? (you wait) 14. I _____________________ over Loch Ness last week. - _____________________ the Loch Ness monster? (fly, you see) 15. I’m afraid I’m not hungry. I _____________________ . (already eat) 16. Peter _____________________ football in the afternoon when he got the call. (play) 17. “What _____________________ between 9 and 12 yesterday morning”, the detective said. (you do) 18. He kept looking at her, wondering where he _____________________ her before. (see) 19. The doctor’s waiting room was full of people. Some _____________________ a magazine, a woman _____________________ and a child _____________________ with a doll. Suddenly the door _____________________ and a nurse _____________________ out. (read, knit, play, open, come) 20. Travelling _____________________ much easier and more comfortable in the past hundred years. (become) 21. I _____________________ cake. That’s why my hands are full of flour. (bake) 22. When I first came to this house it _____________________ quite a noisy area. (be) 23. He twisted his ankle while he _____________________ . (ski) 24. _____________________ the doors before you leave the house? (you ever lock) 25. My best friend and I _____________________ each other for 15 years. (know) 26. Jack usually _____________________ but he _____________________ when his father comes. (smoke, not smoke) 27. _____________________ breakfast yet? – Yes I had it together with Sue at 7. (you have) 28. I _____________________ this kind of work when I was a small boy. (do) 29. He _____________________ the paper when his wife came home. (read) 30. He _____________________ for an hour now. I’ll be finished soon. (speak) 31. How long _____________________ John and Maria?- We met the couple over thirteen years ago. (you know) 32. He _____________________ in Oxford for two years and when his mother died he moved to London. (live) 33. After Harry _____________________ his work he _____________________ Jude from the office. (finish, call) 34. You _____________________ your homework for two hours. Haven’t you finished yet? (do) 35. He always _____________________ to the supermarket alone, but today he _____________________ his son with him. (go, take) 36. He never _____________________ in the evening, only on Sundays. (work) 37. I _____________________ to South America but I have been to New York several times. (never, be) 38. _____________________ Jean? – No, she probably went to her friend’s place. (anyone, see) 39. I _____________________ to the bank yesterday but when I got there it was closed. (go) 40. She _____________________ in school all day. (be) 41. Lee _____________________ late every day since Tuesday. (be) 42. Herbert’s father _____________________ his son’s birthday (never forget) 43. I _____________________ my report because I had a problem with my computer. (not finish)

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TEST ACADEMIE(2013)

Partea I: CITIT Many people think that being clever, rich and attractive is the best way to find happiness. But

according to a recent report in New Scientist magazine, these things aren’t as important as we think. A group of scientists reviewed hundreds of research studies from around the world and then made a list of the top ten reasons for happiness - and their list makes very surprising reading. 1. What would be a suitable title for the passage above? The secret of happiness Rich and clever What scientists think A very surprising discovery

Since it opened its first store in 1963, IKEA has become one of the biggest furniture empires in the world. The company has made people think differently about the way they furnish their homes, particularly in countries like Germany, the UK and France. Over 365 million people worldwide spend more than £8 billion in IKEA stores each year and the number of customers keeps rising. The best-selling products are bookshelves, sofas, candles, chairs and coat hangers, but perhaps IKEA is most famous for its flatpack furniture. 2. What is the main purpose of the passage? to list the countries in which IKEA operates to advise people on what to buy from IKEA to give a presentation of IKEA to make people change their mind about home decorating.

During the teenage years, many young people can at times be difficult to talk to. They often seem to dislike being questioned. They may seem unwilling to talk about their work in school. This is a normal development at this age, though it can be very hard for parents to understand. It is part of becoming independent, of teenagers trying to be adult while they are still growing up. Young people are usually more willing to talk if they believe that questions are asked out of real interest and not because people are trying to check up on them.

Parents should do their best to talk to their son or daughter about school, work and future plans but should not push them to talk if they don’t want to. Parents should also watch for danger signs: some young people in trying to be adult may experiment with sex, drugs, alcohol or smoking. Parents need to watch for any signs of unusual behaviour which may be connected with these and get help if necessary. 3. What is the writer trying to do? help parents to understand teenagers give advice to inexperienced teachers give advice to difficult teenagers help parents to behave responsibly 4. For what reason would somebody read the text? for amusement for pleasure for information for opinion 5. What does the writer say about teenagers? they enjoy adult relationships

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they hate answering questions they prefer being with their friends they may behave strangely

6. What is said about parents? they are not very good listeners they should make a special effort they tend to use too much force they don’t understand problems

A month ago I had no idea that on a Saturday afternoon in November I’d be hanging 30 meters above the ground and enjoying it. Now I looked down at the river far below me, and realised why people love rock-climbing.

My friend Matt and I had arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening. On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group. Cameron had come along with two friends, Kevin and Simon, while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda. We had come from various places and none of us knew the area.

We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors, but none of us was sure exactly how. Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves first. Climbing out was harder than going in, but after a good deal of pushing, we were out at last – covered in mud but pleased and excited by what we’d done.

7. What is the purpose of the text? to advertise the Activity Centre to describe some people she met to explain how to do certain outdoor sports to say how she spent some free time 8. What can the reader learn from the text? when to depend on other people at the Centre how to apply for a place at the Centre what sort of activities you can experience at the Centre which time of year is best to attend the Centre 9. What activity did the writer engage in first? rock-climbing caving pushing rafting 10. What do we learn about the group? Some of them had been there before. They had already chosen their preferred activities. Some of them already knew each other. They came from the same city. 11. How do you think the writer might describe her weekend? interesting relaxing frightening unpleasant

In many ways, my interest in the whole business of language learning began with my grandmother. She was an immigrant and, as a young child, I was always confused that my grandmother spoke one language to me, another to my parents and a third one to my grandfather and on the phone to

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relatives back home. I guess she could have been a translator of books, or even a writer, as she seemed to pick languages up so quickly, but the amazing thing was that she’d left school at the age of 11 and had taught herself everything she knew.

The main reason to speak different languages for her was so she could communicate in these different cultures. Although it’s often said that learning languages can help you to find higher-paid employment, these days, travel and the internet are generally happening in a kind of limited global English or can be translated electronically, so my grandmother has still got it right.

If she did, so can we. In fact, there’s a lot of extra help these days from IT. Recording your voice with feedback facilities on web learning sites helps you to control how you speak, and so improve. I still think going to class means you can interact with other, real people in the same space, but it can also mean that you keep repeating the same mistakes. It’s good to combine these methods. 12. What does the writer think is special about her grandmother? She spoke three languages. She translated books for publishers. She learnt languages without having teachers. She could write quickly in different languages. 13. What could the writer’s grandmother have become? school teacher translator web designer IT consultant 14. The writer says the most important reason why people use language is to learn about other cultures to travel internationally to get better jobs to use the internet 15. The writer says IT helps you to learn languages because it means you can study in different places you can talk to other learners you can repeat things easily you can check your mistakes.

Partea a II-a: GRAMATICĂ ŞI VOCABULAR 16. Tom _________ cricket for long, but he’s already quite good at it. isn’t playing hasn’t been playing doesn’t play didn’t play 17. I’ve got a _________ money left, so we’ll have to be careful what we buy. little few much many 18. People _________ happier if they ate well and got more exercise. are were would have been would be

19. Unfortunately, _________ projects we complete successfully, the more work there is. as the more the more more as many 20. Snow and rain _________ of nature. are phenomenon are phenomena is phenomenon is phenomena 21. He said he didn’t want to go to the theatre, as he _________ “Hamlet” three times. saw sees had seen has seen

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22. If you _________ decide very soon, you will end up staying at home. won’t don’t aren’t wouldn’t 23. I did badly in the test. The teacher _________ studied for it. said why I hadn’t asked why hadn’t I said why hadn’t I asked why I hadn’t 24. We need _________ information in order to finish the project. further farther furthest farthest 25. You haven’t eaten anything. You _________ be really hungry. might will must can 26. You should _________ sure you’ve answered all the questions on the exam paper. do have take make 27. Have you _________ studying astronomy at university? wondered thought guessed considered 28. My dad is worried because he _________ a lot of money to the bank. lacks costs owes purchases

29. I wanted to buy a drink, but the machine was out of _________. work order position operation 30. The bank was _________ again yesterday. stolen broken robbed taken 31. Our team faced fierce _________ in the relay races. attack competition contest enemies 32. There’s a train coming. Don’t stand at the edge of the _________. trail track lane platform 33. Anyone is accepted at this college _________ of race, sex or creed. devoid depending regardless considering 34. Space is the most _________ environment we will ever explore. hostile unkind adverse angry 35. He was so _________ at maths in school that he was the youngest student accepted in a college. brilliant hopeless keen proud

Partea a III-a: SCRIS 36. They haven’t contacted us lately. _________, we haven’t heard from them in a while. Although In fact Therefore Than 37. The teacher _________.

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hasn’t yet handed in the test hasn’t handed in yet the test hasn’t handed in the test yet hasn’t handed the test yet in 38. Your essay has many strong points. _________, you still need to rewrite some passages. However In spite of Even if Despite 39. Can you tell me _________? when does the next train to Geneva leave when leaves the next train to Geneva when does the next train to Geneva leaves when the next train to Geneva leaves 40. Choose the most appropriate beginning for an informal letter: Thomas dear, Dear Mr. Thomas, Dear Sir, Dear Thomas, 41. Choose the most appropriate ending for a formal letter: Best wishes Yours faithfully Lots of love Regards 42. What type of letter contains the following line: “I am writing to draw your attention to the inadequate behaviour of your staff.”? Letter giving information Letter of application Letter of complaint Letter requesting information 43. “If I were in your position, I would consider accepting the job offer.” This line appears in a letter: giving information giving advice requesting advice introducing an argument 44. One of the advantages of the Internet is the abundance of information. _________, it allows you to communicate easily. For instance Consequently Despite In addition 45. Choose the most appropriate line to finish an informal letter: Write back and tell me about your plans for the weekend. I am writing you to express my strong dissatisfaction with the services provided. I look forward to receiving a reply from you. I’m sorry I haven’t written for such a long time.

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TENSE QUIZ1. _____ your homework?A. Have you done B. Has you done C. Did you do D. Have you do E. Has you done 2. Which books .......................................... to school yesterday?A. took you B. take you C. have you taken D. do you take E. did you take 3. When _____?A. do you arrived B. did you arrived C. has you arrived D. have you arrived E. did you arrive 4. We _____ my aunt next week on Friday. It will be her birthday.A. will visit B. visited C. is visiting D. have visited E. are visiting 5. We ............................... that film.A. will already seen B. have already seen C. has already seen D. already saw E. already did see 6. The weather forecast says the sun _____ tomorrow.A. is going to shine B. is shining C. may shine D. shines E. will shine 7. She _____ in this house for years.A. has been living B. has lived C. have lived D. lived E. lives 8. Many things _____ this month.A. changed B. didn't changed C. has changed D. have changed E. would change 9. Look! She ……………………………………….. from a large whisky-bottle.A. are drinking B. drink C. drinks D. is drinking E. will drink 10. Leif Ericson..................Vinland while he …………………………towards the west.A. was discovering ... sailed B. has discovered ... were sailing C. has discovered ... was sailing D. discovered ... was sailing E. discovered ... sailed 11. If I ....................... the Superman, I ........................A.was/ fly B. were/ will fly C. were/ would fly D. would be/ flew E. would be/ would fly 12. I ….……… (finish) doing this exercise.A. am finishing B. has just finished C. have just finished D. just finished E. just have finished 13. I ........................................... positive reviews about that film in the papers so I am going to see it.A. has read B. have read C. read D. readed E. will read 14. Hi Jane, you _____ sad! What's up?A. are looking B. is looking C. look D. looks E. will look 15. He …………………………… mineral water every day.A. are drinking. B. drink C. drinks D. is drinking E. will drink 16. He was late. When he ......................... at the airport, the plane ...................A. left ... had arrived B. has arrived ... left C. had arrived ... left D. had arrived ... had left E. arrived ... had already left 17. He ......................................... about everything!A. always complain B. always complains C. is always complaining D. is complaining E. will always complain 18. Harry ............... and we ............................ him the news.A. had woken up/told B. wakes up /told C. was waking up/ told D. woke up told E. woke up were telling 19. After he .............................painting, he ..........................a shower.A. finish / have B. has/ finished had C. had finished/ had D. had finished/ had had E. finished/ had 20. ........................................... rugby?A. Did you ever played B. Do you ever played C. Has you ever played D. Have you ever play E. Have you ever played

FILL IN WITH THE CORRECT VERB FORM:1. Hardly had the minister finished his speech when gunshots ---- (storm) the stadium.2. Everybody will be at the office at about 08:30 tomorrow as the meeting ---- (start) at nine o'clock.3. That candidate who we had been interviewed before we ---- (speak) to all the others is still my favorite.

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4. While climbing onto the mountain top, I ---- (encounter) a strange animal which I'd never seen before.5. The chairman was sure that his plan would work out fine as no other member ---- (oppose) it up to that time.6. I wasn't surprised to hear that Monica ---- (have) an accident as she is a very reckless driver.7. Since the very first day when the Umbrella Company embarked upon such a dangerous and risky lab-research, very strange incidents ---- (take place) within the research complex.8. Urbanization ---- (always / be) a problem which causes several environmental challenges ever since the rate of migration ---- (increase) after the industrial revolution.9. When I ---- (come) home this evening, my parents had gone out for a walk.10. By the time the troops ---- (arrive), the war will have ended.11. By the year 2020, linguists ---- (study) the Indy-European language family for more than 200 years.12. Gasoline ---- (become) a major problem for people for the last ten years, therefore, during this time many people have preferred to sell their cars and buy smaller ones.13. By the time he was 14, Wolfgang Mozart ---- (compose) an enviable number of musical pieces.14. Nothing in my life ---- (be) so strong to stop me achieve my goals so far and I don't think anything will be.15. Archaeologists ----- (explain) recently that an ancient underground city around Cappadocia has long wide corridors where there are many special areas for making cheese and wine.16. I was amazed when he accepted a drink, since I ---- (always / assume) that he was a teetotaler.17. I ---- (play) tennis tomorrow but I won't be able to do that because I have injured my right ankle.18. We ---- (visit) the seashore many times before but last summer we enjoyed ourselves more than ever.19. According to a survey, thousands of vending machines ---- (have to be converted) before the new coins have come into circulation.

MULTIPLE CHOICE 21. This time tomorrow some of the people in this room __________________ to their home

countries.

A will travel B will travelling C will be travelling D will have travelling

2. Augusto couldn't open the classroom door because one of the other students __________ it from the inside.

A locked B was locking C has locked D had locked

3. Every day, even when it's raining heavily, Henry ____ for an early morning run before eating breakfast.

A going B is going C goes D is gone

4. At the moment, _________ an exercise in order to review the English verb tenses that I have learned.

A I do B I doing C I'm doing D I've done

5. Before people landed on the Moon in 1969, some people ________ that the moon was made of cheese.

A believed B were believing C have believed D had been believing

6. By Christmas, all of the students in our class __________________ to their countries.

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A will return B will have returned C will be returning D will have returning

7. This is Javi's last week at the school so ________________ Goodbye to all his new friends for the last three days.

A he says B he said C he's said D he's been saying

8. I'm sorry I can't come to your party tomorrow night. __________ dinner with Cristina and Samara. Maybe I can come along afterwards.

A I will have B I'm having C I have D I will have had

9. So far, during her time at International House Bristol, Tchior ________ to six pancake parties and fifteen barbecues.

A came B comes C has come D has been coming

10. At six o'clock this morning most of us were asleep in bed. But Atheer ____________ for today's grammar.

A studied B studies C was studying D has studied

11. This is the second to last question in this set of questions. In two minutes' time you __________________ and then you will find out your score.

A will finish B will have finished C will be finishing D will have been finishing

12. When Elisabetta _______ for her morning lesson, the teacher was collecting the homework from the other students.

A arrived B was arriving C had arrived D had been arriving

MULTIPLE CHOICE 31. As the sun _____, I decided to go out.A. ? shinesB. ? shineC. ? has shoneD. ? was shining

2. It's a long journey by train; it's much _____ by road.

A. ? more quicklyB. ? quicklyC. ? quickerD. ? more quick

3. My house is opposite _____ the park.A. ? ofB. ? fromC. ? toD. ? ---

4. They _____ married in church last year.A. ? areB. ? haveC. ? made

D. ? got5. She loves _____ Hungarian music.A. ? ---B. ? aC. ? theD. ? some of

6. I _____ your uncle tomorrow, so I'll give him your note.

A. ? going to seeB. ? have seenC. ? shall have sheenD. ? am seeing

7. She walked _____ the road without looking.

A. ? byB. ? acrossC. ? throughD. ? long

8. Has _____?A. ? the post yet come

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B. ? the post come yetC. ? come the post yetD. ? yet the post came

9. I don't speak Japanese, but Jenny _____.A. ? doB. ? doesC. ? speaksD. ? is speaking it

10. "_____ yet?" " Nearly."A. ? Do you finishB. ? Did you finishC. ? Have you finishedD. ? Are you finishing

11. We spent _____ day sunbathing.A. ? whole of theB. ? wholeC. ? all theD. ? the whole

12. She said she _____ for five hours.A. ? has workedB. ? workedC. ? had been workingD. ? has been working

13. By the time the police arrived, the thieves _____ the stolen money.

A. ? are hidingB. ? hideC. ? had hiddenD. ? will have hidden

14. They never do _____ homework.A. ? theyB. ? theirC. ? they'reD. ? there

15. It's not raining _____.A. ? moreB. ? any moreC. ? no moreD. ? some more

16. _____ cows are animals.A. ? TheB. ? SomeC. ? AD. ? ---

17. Janet is _____.A. ? an old my friendB. ? an old friend of meC. ? a my old friendD. ? an old friend of mine

18. _____ books on this shelf were written by Dickens.

A. ? All theB. ? EveryC. ? The allD. ? All

19. He's _____ intelligent than his sister.A. ? much lessB. ? not soC. ? much fewerD. ? lesser

20. Can you play _____ piano?A. ? on theB. ? ---C. ? aD. ? the

21. The whole thing is much simpler _____ you think.

A. ? thanB. ? as whatC. ? ---D. ? then

22. My brother's son is my _____.A. ? cousinB. ? uncleC. ? son-in-lawD. ? nephew

23. My uncle arrived while I _____ dinner.A. ? cookB. ? was cookingC. ? had cookedD. ? would cook

24. Don't be late _____ your music lesson.A. ? atB. ? forC. ? onD. ? to

25. How long does it _____ to get to London?

A. ? needB. ? takeC. ? wantD. ? make

26. He doesn't like company. He always works _____.

A. ? aloneB. ? soloC. ? onlyD. ? lonely

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27. "It's a pity you haven't seen that play." "But I have, I _____ it last week."

A. ? have seenB. ? sawC. ? was seenD. ? had seen

28. If you _____ to town tomorrow, will you do some shopping for me?

A. ? goB. ? will goC. ? wentD. ? will be going

29. I've got a very good _____ with the BBC.

A. ? professionB. ? jobC. ? workD. ? occupation

30. Yesterday I _____ my son's trousers.A. ? sewB. ? sawedC. ? sowD. ? sewed

31. He won't be late, _____ he?A. ? won'tB. ? willC. ? isn'tD. ? don't

32. I feel _____ after all this typing.A. ? terribly badB. ? terribly tiredC. ? myself terribly tiredD. ? myself terribly bad

33. When _____ Mr. Jones?A. ? you did meetB. ? did you meetC. ? have you metD. ? you met

34. Smoking is a bad _____ of yours.A. ? customB. ? usageC. ? practiceD. ? habit

35. We have been waiting for you _____.A. ? an hourB. ? since an hourC. ? for an hourD. ? an hour ago

36. How long does the train _____ from London to Edinburgh take?

A. ? travelB. ? tourC. ? voyageD. ? journey

37. They _____ to the theatre twice so far his month.

A. ? wereB. ? have beenC. ? are goingD. ? are

38. I can't wait. I'm _____ a hurry.A. ? inB. ? onC. ? withD. ? for

39. Do you know _____ I met last Saturday?

A. ? with whomB. ? that whomC. ? ---D. ?S who

40. He would be very happy if you _____ what he asked.

A. ? will doB. ? doC. ? didD. ? have done

41. Will you do me a favour if _____ you?A. ? somebody wants itB. ? I wantC. ? I askD. ? we all would like

42. He was fined by the police for driving too _____.

A. ? fastlyB. ? speedyC. ? fastD. ? hard

43. The family lost their money on roulette so they're unable to buy _____.

A. ? anythingB. ? somethingC. ? everythingD. ? nothing

44. We _____ be millionaires one day.A. ? will has toB. ? can be able toC. ? couldD. ? have had to

45. "Can you lend me a pound?" "_____"124

A. ? No, sadly.B. ? Not, sorry.C. ? I'm afraid not.D. ? I afraid no.

46. The hijackers were arrested and didn't know where _____.

A. ? they would takeB. ? will be takenC. ? they're takenD. ? they were being taken

47. The policeman warned the photographer _____ too near.

A. ? shouldn't comeB. ? not to comeC. ? don't comeD. ? doesn't come

48. A horrible morning was followed by a torrent of rain _____ afternoon.

A. ? on lateB. ? in lateC. ? late inD. ? late in the

49. "What are you doing?" "I _____ to find my watch."

A. ? triedB. ? tryC. ? 'm tryingD. ? 've tried

50. "How many eggs have we got?" "_____"

A. ? Not too many.B. ? There aren't some.C. ? Not too much.D. ? They're no in the fridge.

51. "Some sugar?" "_____"A. ? Yes, please.B. ? No, I don't.C. ? Thanks, I'd like.D. ? No, no me!

52. In his spare time he works _____ a salesman for an insurance company.

A. ? asB. ? likeC. ? atD. ? out

53. No matter _____, you must keep trying.

A. ? how difficult it seemsB. ? however seems it difficultC. ? however it seems difficultD. ? how difficult does it seem

54. My train arrived at 10:15, which means: _____.

A. ? fifteen past tenB. ? fifteen tenC. ? ten fifteenD. ? ten past fifteen

55. The old general told us stories of how he _____.

A. ? defeat the enemyB. ? was fighting in the battles of 1944C. ? has fought the GermansD. ? had won the war alone

56. My son is only one and a half years old but he can already _____.

A. ? hurryB. ? goC. ? comeD. ? walk

57. "How old is she now?" "She _____ in 1905."

A. ? bornB. ? was bornC. ? was burnD. ? was borne

58. If you'd written earlier, I'd have known when you _____ to go on holiday.

A. ? wantedB. ? will wantC. ? would intendD. ? would want

59. The tourists were looking forward _____ the Tate Gallery.

A. ? a visit toB. ? to visitC. ? to visitingD. ? visiting

60. How much longer _____ this dictionary?

A. ? you needB. ? will you needC. ? need youD. ? have you needed

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TEST ACADEMIE(2011)

Partea I: CITITChoose the correct answer a, b, c or d.

Ice CreamIce cream is the favourite frozen dessert in most countries. It is made of cream, sugar, and different flavours. Some kinds of ice cream also contain eggs. Ice milk has less fat than ice cream but is also delicious. The wife of the third U.S. president (James Madison) was the first person to serve ice cream in the White House about two hundred years ago. Today, Americans eat in excess of thirty million litres per year.1. What is the main idea of the text?a) Ice cream is a very popular and delicious dessert.b) Ice cream may contain cream sometimes.c) The third U.S. president had ice cream in the White House.d) Some people prefer ice milk instead of ice cream.Tic-Tac-ToeTo play tic-tac-toe is not difficult. First, you must draw a grid. You can do this by drawing two vertical lines and then drawing two horizontal lines across them. You now have a grid with nine spaces. One player puts an X in any square, and then the other player puts an O in one of the open spaces. The goal of the game is to be the first player to have three marks (X or O) in the same line.2. What is the main idea of the text?a) Three players cannot play tic-tac-toe at the same time.b) First you must draw a grid to play tic-tac-toe.c) Tic-tac-toe is an easy game to play.d) A tic-tac-toe grid has only nine spaces.The TelegraphThe telegraph was invented in 1837 by Samuel Morse and revolutionized communication. It is an instrument for sending messages between distant places by an electric current. To operate a telegraph, you push a special key and then release it. This action closes and opens the electric circuit. The telegraph makes use of a special code, called the Morse code. A message sent on a telegraph is called a telegram. In the 1800s, the telegraph was extremely important until it was replaced by the radio and the telephone.3. What is the main idea of the text?a) The telegraph was a very important invention for communication.b) Telegrams are sent on telegraphs.c) It is not very difficult to operate a telegraph.d) The radio was a more important invention than the telegraph.Mark TwainMark Twain was one of the most popular authors in America. His real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens, and he was born in 1835 in the state of Missouri. He grew up and spent most of his life near the great Mississippi River. In 1864 he travelled to California. He became famous the following year when he wrote a short story which was called “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County”. In the next few years, he travelled around the world and continued his writing career.4. When did Mark Twain become well known as a writer?a) in 1863b) in 1864c) in 1865

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d) in 18665. Where was Mark Twain born?a) in Californiab) in Mississippic) in Calaverasd) in MissouriLetter to the Newport Evening NewsOn Saturday afternoon I left my handbag on the bus. In it were my cheque book, address book and my purse, which contained about £50 in cash and some credit cards. When I realized what I had done, it was too late. I didn’t know what to do: I’m 72 years old, I was a long way from home, and I was quite worried. In fact, I stood by the side of the road and just cried. A young man asked me what was wrong and I explained what had happened to me. He gave me some money for my bus fare home. When I told the bus driver what had happened he said I should keep the fare.I got home safely and the telephone rang soon after. It was the manager of CityBus, the company that owned the bus on which I had left my handbag. He said that they had my handbag and he offered to drive over to return it. I got my handbag back, amazingly with all its contents untouched. I would just like to say how wonderful everybody was who helped me on that day, and how much I appreciate their kindness and honesty.

Mrs. B. James, Newport6. What is the writer trying to do in the letter?a) make a complaintb) show her thanksc) report a theftd) make an enquiry7. What will the reader learn from the letter?a) You should not carry much cash in a handbag.b) Travelling by bus is too difficult when you are old.c) There are some kind people in Newport.d) You should always have the correct bus fare.8. How did the writer feel after her experience?a) surprised that nothing was stolenb) annoyed that the local bus service is inconvenientc) afraid to travel on her own againd) worried about how to repay the bus driver9. Why did the writer cry?a) She was late.b) She was lost.c) She was poor.d) She was anxious.10. How much money did the purse contain?a) 50 poundsb) about 50 poundsc) a few poundsd) more than 50 poundsAinsley HarriottI’ve always been a bit of an entertainer and played the funny man. I was a part-time comedian for years, so I learned how to stand in front of audiences. It made me sure of myself. I like being liked and I love making everyone smile.I’ve lived in London all my life and have just moved to a larger house with my wife Clare and our two children, Jimmy and Madeleine. We spend a lot of time just singing and

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dancing around the house. I grew up with music because my dad is the pianist, Chester Harriot – who’s still playing, by the way. My working day is divided between television and writing cook books, though TV takes most of my time. I spend about five days a fortnight working on the cooking programmes I appear in. I eat all sorts of things at home but I only buy quality food. When I’m cooking, I experiment with whatever is in the fridge – it’s good practice for my TV series.I’m a football fan and enjoy going to matches, but I’m a home loving person really. I don’t like going to the pub but we do go out to eat about twice a month. There’s nothing better than a night at home playing with thechildren. I rarely go to bed before midnight. Late evening is when fresh thoughts on cooking usually come to me, so I often write or plan my programmes then. When I eventually get to bed, I have no trouble sleeping!11. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the text?a) to describe how he livesb) to say what makes him laughc) to talk about his cooking ideasd) to explain how he started in TV12. What would a reader learn about Ainsley from the text?a) He is a very good musician.b) He likes to plan the family meals.c) He is nervous about performing on stage.d) He enjoys spending time with his family.13. What does the writer say about himself?a) He loves going out and meeting people.b) He is very similar to his father.c) He enjoys being popular.d) He should go to bed earlier.14. What does he say about his working life?a) He would like to appear less on TV.b) He gets his best ideas at certain times.c) He prefers being a comedian.d) He should practice cooking more.15. Who, in the writer’s family, plays the piano?a) Clareb) Jimmyc) Madeleined) Chester

Partea a II-a: GRAMATICĂ ŞI VOCABULAR16. Col. Jones is preparing … his speech.a) deliverb) deliveringc) deliveredd) to deliver17. We … better go home now.a) dob) shouldc) didd) had18. You … listen to me when I’m talking to you.

a) canb) mayc) mustd) need19. The desert … cool at night.a) it isb) isc) unless it isd) and is20. There was … smoke in the kitchen.a) manyb) a lot of

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c) fewd) a few21. Show me the woman … husband is a doctor.a) who’sb) whosec) of whichd) who22. They would offer us a 10% discount if we … in advance.a) bookb) would bookc) bookedd) will book23. A car is … than a bike.a) the fastestb) as fasterc) much fasterd) more fast24. My little daughter … for the last half hour.a) has been cryingb) has criedc) had been cryingd) had cried25. Do you know where …?a) is this author bornb) this author was bornc) has this author been bornd) was this author born26. We had our English exam this morning. I hope I’ve … it.a) achievedb) takenc) failedd) passed27. I’ve left you a list of … on the kitchen table. Make sure you follow them.a) degreesb) directionsc) instructionsd) experiences28. You have to … on the word “Next” to see the next web page.a) press

b) clickc) pushd) hit29. Don’t sign the … until you’ve read every word of it!a) industryb) contractc) staffd) profession30. This military shirt is too … around the neck. I can’t breathe!a) tightb) smoothc) roughd) practical31. It’s important to have a sense of … or it’s easy to get depressed.a) laughterb) amusementc) comedyd) humour32. Is it really your … to be a paratrooper?a) applicationb) professionc) ambitiond) contract33. Britain’s … is fairly mild – it’s never very hot or very cold.a) forecastb) climatec) environmentd) heat wave34. Jeanne, … us that joke about a guy who knocks on the door.a) sayb) speakc) maked) tell35. I was very … when I was little. I was always getting into trouble!a) bad temperedb) naughtyc) depressedd) polite

Partea a III-a: SCRIS36. Which is the correct order?a) Every month you do go to the dentist’s?b) You do go every month to the dentist’s?c) Do you go to the dentist’s every month?

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d) Do you every month go to the dentist’s?37. Choose the correct line to end an informal letter:a) Yours sincerely,b) Lots of love,c) Yours faithfully,d) Thank you.38. Choose the correct word to complete the sentence: It was … windy that half the trees had been blown down.a) suchb) evenc) ifd) so39. Choose the correct sentence to begin a narrative paragraph:a) I got up at 6:30 a.m., as usual.b) There are four learning styles.c) New York is one of the biggest cities in the U.S.d) Finally, we were allowed to leave.40. In what type of letter can you find the following sentence? “I would greatly appreciate if you could provideme with some information on ……”a) letter giving informationb) letter requesting informationc) letter of complaintd) letter of invitation41. Which sentence can you find in a formal letter?a) Thanks a million for your letter.b) Sorry, I’ve taken so long to write …c) I am writing to apply for the position of …d) How are you?42. Which sentence is correct?a) Hamlet, whom is Shakespeare’s most famous play, is a masterpiece.b) Hamlet which is Shakespeare’s most famous play, is a masterpiece.c) Hamlet, which is Shakespeare’s most famous play, is a masterpiece.d) Hamlet who is Shakespeare’s most famous play is a masterpiece.43. Which is the correct order?a) Before have you ever met him?b) Have you ever met him before?c) Have you before ever met him?d) You have before ever met him?44. “Sorry to disturb you” is used to express:a) opinionb) agreementc) apologyd) disagreement45. Which of the following sentence can be found in a descriptive paragraph?a) This attractive suburban home has four bedrooms and two bathrooms.b) As Donald entered the castle, he felt strange.c) People strongly agree with the decision to build a large shopping centre here.d) Discounts would encourage students to buy textbooks.

TEST CÂMPINA130

LIMBA ENGLEZĂ 2007Choose the right answer: 61. It’s time you ……your hair cut. a) have b) had c) has 62. Unless you ……her now, she will leave for good. a) don’t call b) would call c) call 63. “Obstinate” means: a) stubborn b) capable c) obstructed 64. She earns ……money than her sister. a) little b) fewer c) less 65. ………news in this paper ……never accurate. a) this, is b) these, are c) the, is66. We wish you……up your mind in such a hurry for this important decision. a) didn’t make b) don’t make c) didn’t made 67. “I don’t have a ticket.” “……..” a) Me too b) Neither do I c) Neither have I 68. ………..in your shoes, I would choose the other type of car. a) Did I be b) Were I c) Would I be 69. Nobody has ever told me ….. . a) nothing b) no things c) anything 70. She’d rather you……in drunk last night. a) don’t come b) didn’t come c) hadn’t come 71. Tom can’t find the book on the shelf. His brother …..it to someone. a) must have lent b) may lend c) need have lended 72. Everybody is joining us, …..? a) don’t he b) don’t they c) aren’t they 73. We must have ……sharpened. a) this scissors b) these scissor c) these scissors 74. What …..to do now without his help? a) am I b) should I c) must I 75. By the time their parents come back, the children …..their dinner. a) will eat b) would be eaten c) will have eaten 76. You have given me …..ideas and …..about the job. a) little, any advices b) few, little advice c) a few, a few advice

77. No sooner ……the team …..back, ….. the coach resigned.

a) had….come, than b) had….come, when c) did …..come, than 78. John was the first person I saw …..the hospital. a) by leaving b) as leaving c) on leaving 79. The three winners were picked entirely at ……from a pile of entries. a) random b) chance c) choice 80. …….the furniture …….arrived yet. a) None, has b) None of, has c) None of, have 81. You …..look at me when I’m talking to you! a) might b) couldn’t c) need 82. …………….time for you to finish the job! a) It is plenty time b) There are enough c) There is plenty of 83. Robin denies …….the speed limit. a) have exceeded b) exceeding c) to having exceeded 84. ……… a pause in the conversation she left the room a) During b) By c) As 85. “Threateningly” means: a) menacingly b) overwhelming c) disastrously 86. My father doesn’t approve ……late at night. a) of studying b) to study c) on studying 87. Don’t you think that the balance of power has ……recently? a) swept b) shifted c) sifted 88. A lot of water ……under the bridge since they last heard of her. a) has flown b) has flewn c) has flowed 89. Your fiancée won’t buy that hat unless you ……it. a) agree to b) agreed with c) don’t agree to 90. I have such a bad stomach ache after so much food. If only I …..so much! a) hadn’t eaten b) didn’t eat c) haven’t eaten

VARIANTA 261. Didn’t you … play football ? a) used to b)get used to c) use to 62. If he … them a lift , they wouldn’t have had to take a taxi. a) did give b) had given c)gave

63. I don’t enjoy … . a) laughing at b) to laugh at c) being laughed at 64. Would you mind … the door ? a) to close b) close c) closing

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65. Young people laugh very loudly , … makes their parents mad . a) what b) that c) which 66. I asked him if he … a good time. a) had had b) did have c) has had 67. She insisted on … the party at midnight. a) beginning b) we begin c) to begin 68. I came across this antique chair quite by … . a) sight b) chance c) luck 69. As far as I’m … , the subject is closed. a) regarded b) consulted c) concerned 70. He was so interested in his book that he didn’t … her enter the room.a) remark b) notice c) recognize 71. The boy … stealing his friend ‘s pencil. a) refused b) rejected c) denied 72. Johnny … for the airport as soon as the taxi … . a) leaves / will arrive b) will leave / will arrive c ) will leave / arrives 73. Cathy … for her boyfriend for an hour when he finally … . a) was waiting / showed up b) had been waiting / showed up c) was waiting / had showed up 74. Her cousin is preparing to leave … school and join … army. a) the / the b) - / the c) a / an 75. He forgot that his assistant … him that she … the next day . a) told / is leaving b) told / was leaving c) had told / was leaving 76. The officer … to punish any soldier who disobeys his orders. a) is expected b) is waited c) is expecting 77. She decided to buy herself a dog after her house … . a) has been broken b) had been broken into c) had been broken78. If you … me a lift to school , my parents …

grateful to you.

a) will give / will be b) give / will be c) give / are

79. If the girl … one or two friends , she … so lonely.

a) had / wouldn’t feel b) has had / wouldn’t feel c) had had / would feel

80. The police asked the victim how … to escape unharmed .

a) did he manage b) had he managed c) he had managed

81.I wish you … him win the race today. a) can have seen b) could have seen c) must

have seen 82. It is high time parents … trusting their own children.a) start b) started c) had started 83. If only they … us about the upcoming meeting. a) have warned b) had warned c) had been warning 84. She said she … come with us to the mountains. a) might b) mustn’t c ) can 85. She looks very relaxed ; she … have had a very nice holiday . a) can b) must c) could 86. Charles keeps complaining that his teachers have made him … hard lately. a) study b) to study c) to have studied 87. The boy finally confessed that he had been made … his story . a) change b) to change c) to have changed 88. Your brother will have to get used to … to school . a) walk b) walking c) have walked 89. Tom asked his girlfriend where … so that he could take her home. a) did she live b) she lives c) she lived 90. I wish the world … a better place a) will be b) wasn’t c) were

CÂMPINA 200861. It's time you ... if you will come or stay.a) decided; b) have decided; c) will decide.62. She wishes she ... to see that play last night.a) would have gone; b) went; c) had gone.63. Who is ... tolerant? Mr. or Mrs. Brown?a) the most; b) as; c) the more.64. The more carefully you read, ... you'll understand the book.a) best; b) the better; c) the best.65. Could you give me ... more milk in my tea?

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a) a little; b) many; c) a few.66. There is hardly ... wine left.a) some; b) no; c) any.67. We had to queue for nearly two hours, and ....a) neither had he; b) so did he; c) so should he.68. The journey was ... longer than I thought it would be.a) farther; b) very; c) much.69. No sooner ... his umbrella than it began to rain again.a) had he closed; b) has he closed; c) did he close.70. The new theatre ... next month.a) has been opened; b) will be opened; c) was opened.71. Suppose you ... the exam, what would you do?a) failed; b) would fail; c) have failed.72. They were ... nice people that everybody enjoyed their company.a) so; b) such; c) such a.73. I ... my mother to sew up the hole in my shirt.a) made; b) had; c) got.74. She spends ... money on clothes.a) a large amount of; b) a couple of; c) a great number of.75. ... of these two records do you like best?a) which; b) who; c) whose.76. Let's visit the museum, ...?a) shall we; b) will you; c) do we.77. She was very tired, ... she couldn't sleep.a) although; b) despite; c) yet.78. I had my car ... yesterday.a) mend; b) mending; c) mended.79. If I had got up earlier, I ... the train.a) didn't miss; b) wouldn't have missed; c) won't have missed.80. If he ... so much in his early career, he wouldn’t be so rich now.a) didn't work; b) hadn't worked; c) wouldn't work.81. We've decided to go to ... Canary Islands on holiday. Last year we went to ... Crete and liked ... people there very mucha) the / - / the; b) a / - / the; c) - / the / -.82. We suggested ... to the Lake District as it would be the best place to find hotel rooms each night.a) to go; b) going; c) having gone.83. He regretted ... lies to his parents when he was young.a) to tell; b) telling; c) to be telling.84. Last June my brother ... a car. He had an old scooter before, but it ... several times during the spring.a) wanted to buy / had broken down;b) wanted buying / was breaking down; c) liked to buy / was breaking up.85. He said he ... me up tonight.a) may ring; b) might ring; c) may have rung.86. I ... asleep while I was working because it took me a long time to realise that the telephone ....a) ought to fall / rang; b) had to fall / has rung; c) must have fallen / was ringing.87. My boss ... on holiday tomorrow and he ... arrange everything before he ....a) is going / wants me to / leaves; b) shall go / wants me to / will leave;c) shall be going / wants that I / shall leave.88. While I was walking down the street the other day, somebody asked me ....a) what was the time; b) what the time was; c) what is the time.

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89. They said I ... manage to mend it myself.a) won't; b) wouldn't; c) don't.90. I've just seen Mary ... the village.a) to walk towards; b) walking towards; c) walking against.

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TEST ACADEMIE 2014

Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d. Partea I: CITIT Patrick has recently turned sixteen and his father taught him his first driving lesson yesterday. “Back

out of the driveway. Be careful!”, his father said. “Make sure you look in the rear view mirror to see that there is nobody behind you.” Patrick followed the steps, backed up the car and turned the wheel quickly. Suddenly, he and his father felt a strong bump. Oh, God! Patrick had hit the mailbox. 1. The idea that best summarizes the paragraph above is: Patrick’s first driving lesson did not go very well. Patrick will never be a good driver. Patrick’s father was very upset. Patrick doesn’t have good driving skills.

There are more than two hundred million people in the United States today. People who live in the U.S. are commonly called Americans. Most Americans are descendants of people who came from Europe one or two hundred years ago. Of the people who came from Europe, most of those came from Germany, Italy, England, Ireland and Austria. Many others came from the Scandinavian nations, such as Sweden and Denmark. Many blacks came to the U.S. in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as slaves. Today there are more than twenty million blacks in the U.S. In other words, one out of every ten Americans is black. 2. The main idea of the text above is: More Americans came from Germany than from Austria. American families first came from many different nations. The first blacks came to the U.S. as slaves. Sweden and Denmark are Scandinavian countries.

More than three thousand years ago, the Greek people developed a very sophisticated society. They had a great civilization, one of the greatest that the Western world has ever seen. Greek architecture, thinking, and art influenced other civilizations. Even the Greek language influenced other languages, including English. For example, the English words alphabet, democracy and arithmetic come from Greek. 3. The main idea of the text above is: Greece was an extremely powerful nation. Greece has influenced other civilizations and peoples. The Greek language influenced many languages, including English. The Greek architecture has influenced Western civilizations today. The government published a report yesterday saying that we need to eat more healthily – more fruit and vegetables, less fat and sugar. So, that means fewer burgers, chips and fried food as well as cutting down on sweet things. We went into central London yesterday at lunchtime and asked people what they thought about it. “It’s got nothing to do with the government what I eat”, says Paul Keel, a building worker, as he eats a beefburger and chips washed down with strawberry milkshake. “I think I have a healthy diet. You see, I don’t normally eat a beefburger for lunch. Normally I just have the chips.” Any fish? “I like cod. But I’ve only ever had it once.” Tim Kennor, a librarian, welcomes the government advice. But he also has his own rules. “I think”, he explains while eating his fried chicken and chips, ”it’s important to eat a variety of food.” We then asked Dorothy Matthews, aged 74. “I don’t think it’s the government’s business to tell us what to eat.” We went into Simson’s restaurant and asked the manager if people had changed what they were eating. “I don’t think people believe all these reports anymore. What they say is good for you in June, they say is bad for you in July. People have stopped taking notice. We served what we have always served. Almost all of it is fattening.”

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4. What is the writer trying to explain in the text? What people think. His own opinion. The government report. The popularity of certain foods. 5. What can the reader learn from the text? What the government is going to do. Which meals are healthiest. Whether the advice will be followed. What kind of people like beefburgers. 6. What is Paul Keel’s opinion? The government’s advice is wrong. Fish isn’t good for you. He doesn’t need to change his habits. He eats too many beefburgers. 7. What does the restaurant manager think of the report? People don’t understand the advice given. People think they will soon be given different advice. People don’t bother to read these reports. People are more concerned about losing weight. 8. Which of the following is part of the government report? The population of this country should eat less. Bad health in this country is caused by people eating the wrong kind of food. People should take the time to prepare their own food at home instead of eating in restaurants. Working people should make sure they have a good hot meal in the middle of the day. 9. What is Dorothy Matthews’s attitude towards the government report? The government is right to interfere in people’s diet. The government should let people decide what they want to eat. The government is partly entitled to regulate people’s diet. She has no particular opinion regarding this report.

There’s an old saying in the theatre world – “Never work with children or animals.” It’s a pity that Herman Gross has never heard this piece of advice, or if he has, that he didn’t pay attention to it. It’s not so much that Pet Doctor is a bad film, although I can’t really find many reasons for saying it’s a good one. It’s more that it makes me angry. Gross is a good actor. His appearance on the New York stage last winter in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet showed that he really can act. So what’s he doing in this nonsense?

It’s a story about a small town doctor who finds he’s making more money by looking after the local children’s pets than he is by looking after humans. Then he gets into trouble with the police, because he doesn’t have the right sort of licence to do this and, surprise, surprise, the children and their pets find a way to solve his problems. I won’t say how, as it’s the only part of the film that’s even slightly original or amusing. If you have to see it, you’d be annoyed with me for telling you. But my advice is, when it comes to a cinema near you – stay in and shampoo the cat. 10. What is the writer trying to do in the text? Compare the theatre and the cinema. Compare Herman Gross with another actor. Give his or her opinion about using animals in films. Give his or her opinion about Pet Doctor. 11. What would the reader expect to get from this text? Information about a new film. Ideas about how animals should be cared for.

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News about the lives of film stars. Information about the careers of child actors. 12. How did the writer feel about Pet Doctor? It’s funny. It ends too suddenly. It’s not worth seeing. It’s ideal family entertainment. 13. Why did the writer mention Romeo and Juliet? It’s an example of a really good play. Gross proved he is a good actor in it. It was produced in New York. The central characters are very young. 14. Which one of these TV guides is describing Pet Doctor? A doctor’s patients complain about him. He is reported to the police and he has a lot of explaining to do. A doctor prefers animals to humans and stops looking after his patients. People are dying, the animals are cured, then the police arrive. A doctor finds he can cure local animals, then discovers this isn’t allowed. But it all finishes happily. A doctor is loved by the children whose pets he cures. But everything goes wrong and he is sent to prison. 15. What does the writer advise the viewers? To go to the nearest cinema to see the film. To shampoo the cat while watching the film. To do other activities rather than see the film. To take their children to see the film.

Partea a II-a: GRAMATICĂ ŞI VOCABULAR 16. I ... a newspaper at least once a week. am reading read have read had read 17. I ... become an explorer when I grow up. go to going to goes to am going to 18. It ... be a good film - the reviews were very good! can’t could have must must have 19. I heard there’s ... new sports shop in town. a the an one 20. I wonder if you know where ... is the post office? is the post office. the post office is? the post office is.

21. If I were you, I ... think about this carefully. will would have would shall 22. Michael said the dog ... his homework. is eating had eaten has eaten will eat 23. We haven’t got ... money, but we can buy our tickets. many much several plenty 24. This job is much ... than the last one. hard hardest harder more hard 25. It’ll be great ... we find the solution. when before because

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but 26. What kind of music do you enjoy? Some people like going to ... music concerts, and listening to an orchestra. classic classics classical classified 27. I bought a new shirt yesterday. It has a ... like a Chinese dragon on the back. tear design cotton pile 28. When I was a pupil I remember I had to ... a lot of homework. make do ask follow 29. Farmers use powerful chemicals to help them grow better crops, but these chemicals pollute the environment and ... wildlife. harm spoil wound wrong 30. It is easy to buy the wrong size and find that your trousers are too .... especially if you are a little bit overweight. straight close stiff tight

31. Most people enjoy going abroad for their holiday and having the opportunity to stay in an interesting city or a seaside... resort. post. too. one. 32. When you go to an open market, fresh fruit and vegetables are normally good health. The main problem is whether you can carry home lots of ... bags. hand papers heavy more

33. The village has a post office, a small shop and a pub, and there is a railway ... three miles away. stop station post base 34. When travelling, people love buying …from the places they visit. memories memoirs souvenirs recollections 35. It’s always worth looking at second hand books, because you can ... a lot of money in this way. borrow spend save count

Partea a III-a: SCRIS36. Which is the correct order? Every day you go to the mess hall? Do you every day go to the mess hall? Do you go to the mess hall every day? You do go every day to the mess hall? 37. In what type of letter would you find the following sentence? “I would be grateful if you could send me full details of ...” letter of complaint letter of invitation letter of request letter of information 38. What is the proper ending of an informal letter: Yours faithfully,

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Hope to hear from you soon. I would like to say how sorry I am about the trouble I have caused. Looking forward to receiving news about your brother’s wedding. 39. Choose the right connector: “I am writing ... I want to apologize for missing your party last Friday.” for because and if 40. What text type is it? She casually opened the newspaper. There, on page two, was a large photograph of Colin. “Oh, no!”, she thought to herself. What’s he done this time? She sighed and read the report below the picture. a report an article a short story a formal letter 41. The best way to complete the following sentence is: “You know the way to the area ...” there the platoon is camped. which the platoon is camped. who the platoon is camped. where the platoon is camped. 42. “If I were you, I would spend the holidays in Hawaii.” This line appears in a letter: requesting information requesting advice giving advice giving information 43. Choose the right connector: The Ancient Egyptians did not have television. ..., they did not have advertisements. However As a result Nevertheless Moreover 44. Which sentence is incorrect? Have you met Helen’s new boyfriend? Have you met that new boyfriend of Helen’s? Have you met the Helen’s new boyfriend? Have you met Helen’s boyfriend? 45. Which of the following is the best way to combine the sentences below? John sent in his applications by email. He waited in front of the computer for a response. John sent in his applications but waited in front of the computer for a response. John sent in his applications yet he waited in front of the computer for a response. John sent in his applications nor he waited in front of the computer for a response. John sent in his applications and he waited in front of the computer for a response.

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COUNTABLES AND UNCOUNTABLES

Countables – numarabile Uncountables – nenumarabile- prezinta unitati individuale - prezinta categorii, claseApple, girl, bike, ... Knowledge, rice, water- formeaza pluralul cu terminatii - nu formeaza plural, dar au cuantificatori ce

indeplinesc aceasta functie Apples, girls, bikes A lot of knowledge, two bags of rice, seven bottles

of water.Many – multi multe;Few – cativa, catevaA few – putini, putine

Much – multLittle – catvaA little - putin

- fac acord atat in singular cat si in plural - fac acord doar in singularThe apple is on the table.The apples are on the table

The water in on the table(!) Insotite de cuantificatori fac acord in pluralSeven bottles of water are the tableCategorii:

Substantive concrete ce se cantarescOil, rice, meat, bread, coffee

Substantive concrete ce denumesc claseMoney, equipment, clothing, furniture, homework, traffic

Substantive abstracteNews, advice, information, knowledge, truth

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