activitatile motrice

8/12/2019 Activitatile motrice

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Analele Universit ii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Mens Sana, Nr. 2/2010

Annals of the Constantin Brncui University of Trgu Jiu, Mens Sana Series, Issue 2/2010

13

DELIMITRI CONCEPTUALE

PRIVIND ACTIVITILE MOTRICE

Prof. univ. dr. Monica BCUniversitatea Constantin Brncui din

Trgu-Jiu

Rezumat:Activitile fizice sunt fenomenecomplexe, unitare, contiente, bazate pe anticipare

i susinute de o motivaie consistent care suportfrecvent amprenta personalitii individului.Acestea reprezint un ansamblu de micri sau deaciuni fcute de organism, o multitudine deoperaii, fapte sau gesturi fizice orientate pentru andeplini un anumit obiectiv, n general cu scop

adaptabil. Ca exprimare a individului, activitilefizice reprezinttipuri specifice prin care se intete

dezvoltarea posibilitilor umane din perspectivasocial.

Cuvinte cheie: activitile motrice,antrenamentul sportiv, educaia fizic, sportterapie

Activitile motrice sunt fenomenecomplexe, unitare, contiente, bazate peanticipare i susinute de o motivaieconsistent n care, cel mai frecvent, se

pune amprenta personalitii individului.Ele reprezint un ansamblu de micri saude aciuni produse de organism, o mulimede operaii, acte sau gesturi motriceorientate n vederea ndeplinirii unui anumitobiectiv, n general n scop adaptativ. Camodaliti de manifestare a individului,activitile motrice reprezint genurispecifice prin care se dorete dezvoltarea

posibilitilor umane din perspectivsocial.

Din perspective raionaliste,activitile motrice devin accesibilestudiului numai prin corelarea dintrecunoaterea de tip factual, intuitiv cu cea de

CONCEPTUAL DELIMITATIONS

REGARDING THE DRIVING

ACTIVITIES

Prof. PhD Monica BCConstantin Brncui University of Trgu-Jiu

Abstract: Physical activities are complexphenomenon, unitary, conscious, based on anticipation

and sustained by a consistent motivation which,frequently, bears the individual personality finger print.These represent an ensemble of movements or actionsmade by the organism, a multitude of operations, deedsor physical gestures oriented to accomplish a certainobjective, generally with adaptive purpose. As

expression way of individual, the physical activitiesrepresent specific types by which aim the development

of human possibilities from social perspective.

Key words: driving activities, sport training,physical education, sports therapy

The driving activities are complex,unitary phenomena based on anticipation andsupported by a consistent motivation where,the most frequently, the emphasis is on theindividuals personality. They represent anensemble of moves or actions produced by the

body, o lot of driving operations, acts orgestures oriented in order to accomplish acertain objective, generally in the adaptable

purpose. As the individuals way ofmanifesting, the driving activities representspecific types by means of which we want todevelop the human possibilities from thesocial perspective.

From reasoning viewpoint, the drivingactivities become accessible to the study only

by the correlation between the factual,intuitive knowledge to the theoretical(experimental, observational) one and the


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tip teoretic (experimental, observaional) imetateoretic (paradigme, legi, concepteetc.).

Analizate cauzal i procesual,

activitile motrice impun n mod necesarun studiu interdisciplinar, prin folosireaunor informaii care provin din:

Biologie (substrat, mecanismefuncionale, legi biologice etc.)Psihologie (resurse psihice, mecanismede reglare a micrii etc.)Pedagogie (metode, mijloace, resurse,

programe etc.)Sociologie (socializare prin micare,adaptare socialetc.)Filozofie antropologie (sistem,informaie, reglare etc.)Cibernetic (sistem, informaie, reglareetc.).

Datoritcomplexitii proprii tuturortiinelor care au n centrul lor studiereaomului, activitile motrice nu pot fiinvestigate dect multidirecional ideterminate multifactorial. Abordarea loranalitic nu trebuie realizat dect din

raiuni didactice, imaginea corect fiinddatde ideea: totul i n acelai timp.Activitile care vizeazmotricitatea

uman (alta dect cea implicat n procesulmuncii i al aprrii), difereniate peobiective specifice, cuprind:

Educaia fizic(formare, dezvoltare);Sportul (obinerea rezultatelor de naltnivel, excelen);Antrenamentul sportiv (pregtirecomplexsistematic, de limit);

Competiia (emulaie, autodepire,recunoatere);Activiti de timp liber (compensare,meninerea unei stri fizice i psihicecorespunztoare, plcere);Activiti de expresie corporal(realizarea expresiei corporale,educarea calitilor estetice);Kinetoterapie i sportterapie(recuperare, integrare social, o nou

meta-theoretical one (paradigms, laws,concepts etc.).

Being causally and gradually analysed,the driving activities necessarily impose an

interdisciplinary study, by using certaininformation coming from:Biology (substrate, functionalmechanisms, biological laws etc.)Psychology (mental resources,mechanisms of establishing the move etc.)Pedagogy (methods, means, resources,

programmes etc.)Sociology (socializing by moving, socialadaption etc.)Philosophy anthropology (system,information, establishment etc.)Cybernetics (system, information,establishment etc.).

Because of the complexity proper to allthe sciences that have in their centre thehuman study, the driving activities can beinvestigated only in a multidirectional mannerand determined in a multifactorial manner.Their analytic approach has to beaccomplished only because of didactic reasons

and the correct image is being given by theidea: everything and at the same time.The activities regarding the human

motility (different from the one involved in thework and defence process), differentiateddepending on specific objectives, contain:

Physical education (forming,development);Sport (obtaining the high results,excellence);Sport training (systematic complex

training, high limits training);Competition (emulation, self-competition,acknowledgement);Spare time activities (compensation,maintaining a corresponding physical andmental status, pleasure);Corporal expression activities(accomplishing the corporal expression,educating the aesthetic qualities);Physiotherapy and sports therapy


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imagine a solidaritii).Din punct de vedere noional,

termenii specifici domeniului delimiteazurmtoarele arii de cuprindere:

Educaia fizic tip de activitatemotric, constituit din aciuni motricesistematizate conform unor criteriispecifice subiecilor pentru care este

proiectati programat. Componentaeducaiei generale, realizat n cadrulunui proces instructiv-educativ sau nmod independent, n vederea dezvoltriiarmonioase a personalitii i creteriicalitii vieii.

Sportul activitate de ntrecereconstituitdintr-un ansamblu de aciunimotrice, difereniate pe ramuri de sport

prin care se caut perfecionareaposibilitilor morfo-funcionale ipsihice, concretizate n rezultate ca:record, depire proprie sau a

partenerului. Antrenament sportiv proces complex

bio-psiho-pedagogic, planificat,desfurat sistematic i continuu gradat,da adaptare a organismului sportivului

la eforturi fizice i psihice intense,necesare obinerii performanei sportiven competiii.

Competiia manifestare organizat iplanificat a crei finalitate const nstabilirea unor ierarhii pe criterii ce fac

posibil compararea ntre indivizi,echipe, naiuni etc., n conformitate curegulamente elaborate anterior irecunoscute de participani.

Activiti de timp liber complexe destructuri motrice efectuate individualsau n grup, n scop recreativ,compensator sau formativ, n funcie denivelul de pregtire i de opiunilesubiecilor.

Activiti de expresie corporal produciile (mimici, ritualuri, posturi,micri segmentare etc.), care exercitofuncie de semnal n cadrul activitilorsociale. Cuprind ansamblul de tehnici

(recovering, social integration, a newimage of solidarity).

From the notional viewpoint, the termsspecific to the field delimit the following

containing areas: Physical education a type of driving

activity consisted of systematized drivingactivities according to certain criteriaspecific to the subjects for which it is

programmed. It is a component of thegeneral education accomplished in frameof an instructive-educative process orindependently, in order to harmoniouslydevelop the personality and to increase thelife quality.

Sport competition activity consisted of anensemble of driving activities,differentiated on sport branches by meansof which we want to improve the morpho-functional and mental possibilitiesconcretized in results such as: record,crossing ones limits or the partnerslimits.

Sport training complex bio-psycho-pedagogical process, planned anddeveloped systematically and gradually

continuously, adapts the sportsmansorganism to intense physical and mentalefforts that are needed in order to obtainthe sport performance in competitions.

Competition an organized and plannedmanifestation whose ending consists ofestablishing certain hierarchies basing oncriteria those allow us to compare theindividuals, the teams, the nations etc.,according to the previously elaboratedregulations that are known by the

participants. Spare time activities complexes of

driving structures accomplishedindividually or in group, in order torecreate, compensate or form the subject,depending on the training level and on theoptions of the subjects.

Corporal expression activities theproductions (mimics, rituals, postures,segment moves etc.), that exert a signal


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corporale n general grupate i bazatepe ideea conform creia este importants se elibereze fore sau conduite carevehiculeaz semnificaii difereniate ce

pot fi analizate sub forma unor coduride comunicare. Kinetoterapie component a

kinetologiei medicale care aplicmijloace specifice (exerciii fizice),nespecifice (masaj, ageni fizici naturalii artificiali, mijloace psihice, elementedin sporturi sau ramuri sportive) icomplexe (combinaii ale acestora) cuscopul recuperrii somato-funcionale,motrice i psihice sau al reeducrii unor

funcii secundare, compensatorii.Micrile omului, care constituie

motricitatea general, sunt structurate dinacte, aciuni i activiti motrice, grupatesub forma deprinderilor motrice. Eficienaefecturii acestora este determinat deereditare, educaie i mediu. Atunci cnd sestabilesc obiective privind perfecionareasau dezvoltarea unor capaciti funcionale,

psihice, precum i a unor indici aidezvoltrii fizice, micrile omului capt

denumirea de exerciii fizice.Studiul activitilor motrice implic

studiul motricitii generale cu un sprijinreal pe datele altor tiine care vizeaz, larndul lor, din perspectiv particular,motricitatea uman. De aceea acest studiuse constituie ca o perspectiv de analizinterdisciplinar cu un pronunat caracterantropologic al motricitii, caracterizatde

practicarea exerciiilor fizice.ntregul sistem de cunotine, de

activiti i de valori create n acest context,ndeplinete toate condiiile pentru a fiintegrat n patrimoniul culturii, constituindun element particular al acesteia cunoscutsub numele de culturfizic.

Indiferent de modalitile deexprimare, activitile motrice rspundscopului general de transformare evolutivi de dezvoltare integral a personalitiiumane. Lele reprezint n orice spaiu

function in frame of the social activities.They contain the ensemble of corporaltechniques generally grouped and basedon the idea according to which it is

important to set free forces or behavioursthe spread differentiated significations thatmay be analysed as communication codes.

Physiotherapy a component of themedical physiology that applies specificmeans (physical exercises), unspecificones (massage, natural and artificial

physical agents, mental means, elementsfrom sports or from sport branches) andcomplex ones (combination of them) inorder to recover somatic-functionally,

drivingly and mentally or in order to re-educate certain secondary, compensatoryfunctions.

The human moves that represent thegeneral motility are structured from drivingacts, actions and activities, grouped as drivingabilities. The efficiency of accomplishingthem is determined by heredity, education andenvironment. When there are establishedobjectives regarding the improvement or thedevelopment of certain functional, mental

abilities, and also of certain indexes of thephysical development, the human moves arenamed physical exercises.

The study of the driving activitiesinvolves the study of the general motility witha real support on the data of other sciences thatrefer, at their turn, from the particular

perspective, the human motility. That is whythis study is consisted as an interdisciplinaryanalysis perspective having a pronouncedanthropological feature of the motility,featured by practicing the physical exercises.

The entire system of knowledge,activities and values created in this contextaccomplishes all the conditions in order to beintegrated in the culture patrimony,representing a particular element of its, alsoknown as physical culture.

No matter the expression means, thedriving activities answer to the general

purpose of evolutionary transformation and


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geografic un indicator social important alnivelului cultural revendicat n toate rileevoluate i, deci, o preocupare importantn cadrul politicii de dezvoltare uman sub

cele mai diferite forme.Privite din perspectiva obiectivelor,activitilor motrice conduc la efecte

benefice imediate i de lung durat. ngeneral, activitile motrice, ca parteintegrant a aciunii educaionale,realizeaz:

Cunoaterea realitii din interiorul idin afara propriei persoane, nsuirea nmod autonom a valorilor care exist laun moment dat;

Posibilitatea acionrii eficiente pentru aatinge un nivel bun de competen

pragmatic (n activitatea zilnic,profesional, sportivsau de timp liber);Posibilitatea de a tri n comunitate, de amprti bucuria micrii n grup ntr-osolidaritate care alimenteaz exprimareadeplina fiecruia;Posibilitatea de a fi, a punerii n valoarentr-un permanent act de creare a

micrii, de definire printr-un universpropriu de gesturi, aciuni, strategii etc.;Recuperarea i integrarea social a

persoanelor cu nevoi speciale, cuhandicap i promovarea unei noifilosofii care s nlocuiasc suferinaindividual cu un climat pozitiv,motivant, de ncredere i parteneriat, dedepire a condiiei precare i deangajare ntr-o relaie colectiv

puternici eficace.

Efectele transversale ale activitilormotrice se concretizeaz ntr-o imaginepozitiv a corpului, o percepie fin ainformaiilor interne, a emoiilor pozitivelegate de nvarea motrici o dorin viede a desfura activiti sportive i deexpresie de-a lungul vieii.

integral development of the humanpersonality. They represent in anygeographical space an important social indexof the cultural level claimed in all the evolved

countries, so an important concern in frame ofthe human development policy under the mostdifferent types.

Regarded from the objectivesperspective, the driving activities lead toimmediate and long term good effects. Ingeneral, the driving activities, as an integrant

party of the education action, accomplish thefollowing facts:

Knowing the reality inside and outside hisor her person, the autonomously

appropriation of the values that exist at acertain moment;The possibility to act efficiently in order toreach a good level of pragmaticcompetence (in the daily, profession, sportor spare time activity);The possibility to live in a community, toshare the joy of the group move in asolidarity that feeds every persons fullexpression;

The possibility to be, to capitalize in apermanent act of creating the move, ofdefining by a proper universe of gestures,actions, strategies etc.;The recovery and the social integration ofthe persons with special needs, withhandicaps and promoting a new

philosophy that should replace theindividual suffering with a positive,motivating climate, a reliable and a

partnership one that allows them to cross

the precarious condition and to enter in astrong and efficient collective relationship.The transversal effects of the driving

activities are concretized in a positive bodyimage, a delicate perception of the insideinformation, of the positive emotions relatedto the driving learning and a strong desire todevelop sport and expression activities duringthe life.


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BIBLIOGRAFIE

1. Crstea, Gh. (2001), Didacticaeducaiei fizice. ANEFS, Bucureti

2. Cristea, G. (2003), Managementulleciei. Editura didactic i pedagogic,R.A., Bucureti

3. Dragnea; A. Bota A. - (1999), Teoriaactivitilor motrice. Editura Didactici Pedagogic, Bucureti

4. Dragnea, A. i colaboratorii (2000),Teoria educaiei fizice i sportului.Editura Cartea colii, Bucureti

5. Epuran, M. (1992), Metodologiaactivitilor corporale. Editura

A.N.E.F.S., Bucureti6. Gagea, A. (1999), Metodologia

cercetrii n educaie fizic i sport.Editura Romnia de mine, Bucureti

7. Niculescu, M. (2001), Metodologiacercetrii tiinifice neducaie fizici

sport. A.N.E.F.S., Bucureti8. erbnoiu, S. (2002), Lecia de

educaie fizic. Colecia activitilormotrice formative, Bucureti

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Crstea, Gh. (2001), Didactics ofPhysical Education. ANEFS, Bucharest

2. Cristea, G. (2003), Lesson Management.Didactic and Pedagogic Press, R.A.,Bucharest

3. Dragnea; A. Bota A. - (1999), DrivingActivities Theory. Didactic and PedagogicPress, Bucharest

4. Dragnea, A. And collaborators (2000),Theory of Physical Education and Sports.School Book Press, Bucharest

5. Epuran, M. (1992), Corporal ActivitiesMethodology.A.N.E.F.S. Press, Bucharest

6. Gagea, A. (1999),Research Methodologyin Physical Education and Sports.Romnia de mine Press, Bucharest

7. Niculescu, M. (2001), ScientificResearch Methodology in PhysicalEducation and Sports. A.N.E.F.S.,Bucharest

8. erbnoiu, S. (2002),Physical EducationLesson. Collection of forming drivingactivities, Bucharest

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