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Diateza pasiv

Diateza pasiv se formeaz n limba englez, ca i n limba romn, cu ajutorul verbului to be i cu participiul trecut al verbului de conjugat:

The earth can beseen = Pmntul poate fi vzut.The shadows can beobserved = Umbrele pot fi observate.The braking system wasswitched on = Sistemul de frnare era activat.The earth issurrounded by a blue halo = Pmntul este nconjurat de o aureol

albastr.

Spre deosebire de limba romn, participiul trecut nu se acord n gen i

numr cu subiectul, rmnnd invariabil.

S nu se confunde formele aspectului continuu cu cele ale diatezei pasive.Prima se formeaz cu participiul prezent (forma n -ing), iar cea de-a doua, cuparticipiul trecut:

Mary is sending an e-mail = Mary trimite un e-mail. - aspectul continuuThe e-mail is sent by Mary = E-mail-ul este trimis de Mary. - diateza pasiv

Constru iile pasive sunt urmate, de regul, de prepozi ia by + un substantivsau pronume, care arat sensul ac iunii.Acest complement precedat de prepozi ia by poate lipsi:

I was asked by our teacher.The book must be read by every student in the group.The letter was posted (by him).

Ca i n limba romn, trecerea unei propozi ii din diateza activ n cea pasiv comport unele schimbri sintactice. Complementul direct din propozi ia cu

verbul la diateza activ devine subiect al propozi iei cu verbul la diateza pasiv:

Amundsen discovered the South Pole in 1911.The South Pole was discovered by Amundsen in 1911.He will write an interesting novel.An interesting novel will be written by him.

Spre deosebire de limba romn, n englez i complementul indirect al verbului la diateza activ poate deveni subiect al construc iei pasive:

I showed him his mistakes.

He was shown his mistakes.

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I asked her some questions.She was asked some questions. .

Astfel de verbe tranzitive, ca: to offer, to give, to tell, to refuse, to showetc., care pot avea dou complemente, unul direct i unul indirect, pot fi transformate n dou construc ii pasive:

They offered her a bunch of flowers.a) A bunch of flowers was offered to her.b) She was offered a bunch of flowers.

Michael told me the good news yesterday.a) The good news was told me by Michael yesterday.b) I was told the good news by Michael yesterday.

Unele verbe din limba englez, de i la pasiv, se traduc n limba romn cu diateza reflexiv:

Many problems have been solved.= S-au rezolvat multe probleme.

Diateza pasiv a construc iilor n care subiectul este fostul complement indirect al diatezei active se traduce n limba romn cu reflexivul nso it de un

dativ:

I am shown = Mi se arat!!! .I will be given = Mi se va da.I was asked = Mi s-a cerut.We were told = Ni s-a spus.

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