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Diploma Project

8.Rules of labour safety

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8. Rules of labour safety8.1.General

A principal objective of the construction process is to provide a safe working

environment and to prevent harm to employees at work. To do this, it imposes duties of care

on employers, employees, and others, and requires employers and employees to cooperate in

ensuring that workplaces and work practices are safe and without risks to health.

One of the employers primary obligations under the Law is to provide: such

information, instruction, training and supervision to employees as are necessary to enable the

employees to perform their work in a manner that is safe and without risks to health.

Employers owe this same duty of care to independent contractors and their employees

working at the workplace. In fulfilling this obligation, the construction industry should

maintain a structured system of education and training to enable both employers and

employees to:

o identify and manage the risks involved in the manufacture, transportation and erectionof concrete elements;

o keep abreast of the current state of knowledge within the industry on the means ofeliminating hazards and controlling risks to health and safety.

8.1.TrainingEmployees need to work safely. They must be trained and instructed in safe systems

of work and safe work practices. Employers must ensure an appropriately experienced person

maintains close supervision of employees who are not yet sufficiently skilled and experienced

to carry out their work safely. Training programs should emphasize occupational health and

safety and should provide opportunities for individuals to have their existing skills recognizedand to develop new knowledge and skills.

Education and training programs should be structured to lead to nationally recognized

qualifications and should be delivered by a registered training organization. Such training

should be in addition to and not replace the requirement for site-specific induction.


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8.2.Health and safetyEmployers should ensure that all employees have the opportunity to be fully involved in the

development of procedures including hazard identification, assessment of risk and control of

risk methodology. Employers have a general duty to ensure the health and safety of

employees while at work. In particular they must take all practicable steps to:

o provide and maintain a safe working environment;o provide and maintain facilities for the safety, health and welfare of employees;o ensure that machinery and equipment is designed, made, set up, and maintained to

be safe for employees;

o ensure that employees are protected from hazards in the course of their work;o provide procedures to deal with emergencies that may arise while employees are

at work;

Before commencing work on a project, employees must be informed by their employer of

o emergency procedures;o hazards they may be exposed to while at work;o hazards they may create while at work that could harm other people;o how to minimize the likelihood of hazards becoming a source of harm

to themselves and others;

o the location and correct use of safety equipment.Employers must inform employees of the results of any health and safety monitoring.

Employers are also responsible for the health and safety of people who are not employees.

Employers must take all practicable steps to ensure that employees do not harm any other

person while at work, including members of the public or visitors to the workplace.

Employees are responsible for their own safety and health while at work and must

also ensure that their actions do not harm or place others at risk. They must cooperate with

their employer on health and safety matters and must not interfere with or misuse anything

provided by their employer to protect health and safety.


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8.3.Hazard ManagementEmployers must have in place an effective method to identify hazards and to

determine whether there are significant hazards that require further action. A hazard is an

existing, new or potential situation or event that could jeopardize the safe and healthy

working environment.

In the precast and tilt-up concrete industry, risk is always present when handling,

transporting and erecting elements. Under no circumstances should personnel stand below or

work on an element that is leaning towards them.

Although component failure is rare the consequences are always significant. To

ensure appropriate hazard management, an assessment of the risks must be carried out by the

builder in conjunction with the health and safety representatives of the contractors and

workers involved in the work.

A job safety analysis that lists the hazards and suggests safety procedures should also

be prepared. The minimum requirements for this job safety analysis include:

o an identification of the hazardso an assessment of the risks from the hazards identifiedo control measures required to eliminate or minimise the risks from the hazardso identification of the person responsible for implementing and monitoring the

control measures

Where possible, the hazard should be eliminated or the risk reduced by changing or

modifying the proposed work method, construction method, or by use of alternative

equipment.

Where the hazard cannot be eliminated, control measures must be implemented to

isolate the hazard and to minimize risk to employees. In these circumstances, measures such

as barricading areas of danger, provision of specific safety training and work instructions,

use of protective equipment, and posting of warning signs should be implemented. Such

measures should be discussed with employees and evaluated to ensure that they are effective

and do not create additional hazards.


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The accepted means of planning to prevent injury is to identify, assess and then

control the risk. At the control stage there is a recognized hierarchy of hazard control

measures that should be applied.

These processes for managing risk are included in various occupational health and

safety regulations, and should be followed as part of the hazard management process.

8.4.Norms regarding labour safety:

o The Norms of Labour Protection elaborated based on the Law no. 90 from25.06.1996 and promulgated through Decree no.290 from 11.06.1996.

o The standing order regarding the labour protection and industrial sanitation inconstructionspublished in the Constructions Gazette approved by MLPAT with

Ord. 9/N/15.03.1993

o Labour protection norms in constructions montage activityapproved cu Ord.M.C. Ind. Nr. 1233/D/29.12.1980

o IM006/1996The specific labour protection norms for masonry, prefabricatedmontage and finishing works in constructions.

o The law no. 90/1996The law regarding labour protection and industrialsanitation

o General labour protection normsedited by the Work and Social ProtectionMinister in collaboration with Health Minister

o STATS 26112/87protection against electric shocko STATS 12216-84protection against electric shock at the portable electric

equipment

o STAS 12217-88protection against electric shock at the mobile electricequipment

o Specific Labour Security Norms for works at highnessDecree 235/26.07.1995o Specific Labour Security Norms for preparing, transport, and pouring concrete

and execution of reinforced and precast concrete worksDecree 136/17.04.1995

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